CN106458206A - 用于运行机动车的驱动设备的方法以及相应的驱动设备 - Google Patents

用于运行机动车的驱动设备的方法以及相应的驱动设备 Download PDF

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CN106458206A
CN106458206A CN201580035055.9A CN201580035055A CN106458206A CN 106458206 A CN106458206 A CN 106458206A CN 201580035055 A CN201580035055 A CN 201580035055A CN 106458206 A CN106458206 A CN 106458206A
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motor
phase angle
operational mode
rotating speed
angle sensor
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CN106458206B (zh
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U·费尔德曼
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Audi AG
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Audi AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
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    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/0038—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to sensors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L3/0061—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electrical machines
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    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/50—Control strategies for responding to system failures, e.g. for fault diagnosis, failsafe operation or limp mode
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C5/00—Registering or indicating the working of vehicles
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P29/00—Arrangements for regulating or controlling electric motors, appropriate for both AC and DC motors
    • H02P29/02—Providing protection against overload without automatic interruption of supply
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • Y10S903/903—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
    • Y10S903/904—Component specially adapted for hev
    • Y10S903/906—Motor or generator

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于使机动车(1)的驱动设备(2)运行的方法，所述驱动设备具有至少一个带有相角传感器(11)的电机(6)以及能与所述电机(6)作用连接的输出轴。在此规定，在所述相角传感器(11)的返回值恒定时，执行所述驱动设备(2)的第一诊断运行模式，其中，中断在所述电机(6)和所述输出轴之间的作用连接，紧接着将所述电机(6)调节到确定的转速上，并且当返回值还是恒定时识别出第一运行状态，否则识别出所述相角传感器(11)的功能正确。此外，本发明涉及一种机动车(1)的驱动设备(2)。

Description

用于运行机动车的驱动设备的方法以及相应的驱动设备
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于运行机动车的驱动设备运行的方法，驱动设备具有至少一个带有相角传感器的电机以及能与电机作用连接的输出轴。本发明此外涉及一种驱动设备。
背景技术
该方法用于运行机动车的驱动设备。在此，驱动设备例如提供用于驱动机动车的、特别是用于使机动车加速或减速的转矩。驱动设备具有电机。在此可设置成，驱动设备仅仅具有电机并且由此构造成电驱动设备。显然，备选地，除了电机之外，驱动设备可具有至少一个另外的动力装置，特别是内燃机。在这种情况中，驱动设备设计成混合动力驱动设备。输出轴可与电机作用连接。例如，输出轴持续地与至少一个车桥、或者说机动车的车桥的至少一个车轮作用连接。例如，在电机和输出轴之间的作用连接通过至少一个变速器和/或换挡离合器建立。
相角传感器用于确定电机的、特别是电机的转子和/或电机轴的相位、或者说其旋转角位置。相角例如可用于操控电机，特别是用于其换向。相角传感器也可被称为轴角编码器或旋转角度传感器。特别是，其设计成角位置传感器、优选地增量式轴角编码器或绝对值轴角编码器。然而，显然也可实现其它设计方案。
例如，相角传感器构造成，当电机位于一个确定的相角时或多个相角中的一个中时，相角传感器不给出信号。相反地，在所述一个或多个相角之外，相角传感器给出信号。因此，如果相角传感器和/或使相角传感器与电机的控制器相连接的联接导线出现故障，则可出现这样的情况，即，始终不能识别相角传感器的信号，并且因此例如由控制器推测，出现所述确定的旋转角度或所述多个确定的旋转角度中的一个。
然而，除了故障，相角传感器的返回值恒定也可具有其它原因。例如，相角传感器和/或其联接导线可能损坏。备选地可能的是，电机给出转矩，然而该转矩不够用于使机动车运动。例如，当机动车位于破路上时或者机动车的至少一个车轮撞上障碍物、例如路肩时，是这样的情况。例如，当机动车位于路肩旁边、即基本上平行于路肩时，由于转向撞击可出现后者的情况。
发明内容
在此本发明的目的是，提出一种用于运行机动车的驱动设备的方法，借助于该方法可以简单的方式实现相角传感器的诊断并且该方法此外可简单地且成本适宜地实现。
根据本发明，该目的利用一种具有权利要求1所述的特征的方法实现。在此规定，在所述相角传感器的返回值恒定时，执行驱动设备的第一诊断运行模式，其中，中断在电机和输出轴之间的作用连接，紧接着将电机调节到确定的转速上，并且当返回值还是恒定时识别出第一运行状态，否则识别出所述相角传感器的功能正确。如果相角传感器的返回值保持恒定，特别是在相角传感器的返回值保持恒定的时间段长于在电机的转速尽可能小的情况下返回值保持恒定的时间段时，则识别出相角传感器可能故障并且引入第一诊断运行模式。
特别是，如果即使以控制和/或调节的方式使电机运行以产生转矩但是相角传感器的返回值还是恒定，则执行第一诊断运行模式。因此，例如在电机处调整出不为零的理论力矩。如果在电机处调整出了该理论转矩但所获得的相角仍保持恒定，则特别是通过变换到第一诊断运行模式中进行相角传感器的诊断。
在第一诊断运行模式开始时，首先中断在电机和输出轴之间的作用连接。随后，将电机的理论转速调整到所述确定的转速上并且紧接着将电机调节到所述理论转速上，从而调节现有转速。在此，以已知的方式进行电机的调节。现在，如果返回值还是保持恒定，特别是在以上描述的时间段上保持恒定，则识别出相角传感器或驱动设备的第一运行状态。相反地，如果返回值变化，则推测，相角传感器正确地工作并且由此也识别出其功能正确。如果出现第一运行状态、或者说因为返回值还是保持恒定而识别出第一运行状态，则既可以继续诊断，也可以由此便识别出相角传感器故障。
本发明的另一设计方案规定，借助于将变速器引入空挡和/或借助于使换挡离合器分离来实现作用连接的所述中断。即，在电机和输出轴之间的作用连接通过变速器和/或换挡离合器建立。变速器理解成实现多个挡位或传动比、例如多个不同的行驶挡的传动机构。也可在变速器处调整倒档。为了中断作用连接，将变速器引入空挡中，在空挡中，使变速器的输入轴与输出轴脱耦。附加地或备选地，可使用换挡离合器以中断作用连接。为了该目的，使换挡离合器分离、特别是完全分离，从而其输入轴完全与其输出轴脱耦。
本发明的优选的设计方案规定，驱动设备具有动力装置，所述动力装置能通过分离离合器与电机作用连接，该作用连接在引入第一诊断运行模式时借助于所述分离离合器中断。如开头已经阐述的那样，动力装置可为内燃机。在电机和动力装置之间存在分离离合器，从而可通过相应地调整分离离合器中断在动力装置和电机之间的作用连接。优选地，动力装置在分离离合器被分离时完全与电机脱耦。优选地，附加地，对于输出轴和变速器也是这样的情况。即，在分离离合器被分离时，动力装置与驱动设备的其它区域并且也与至少一个车桥、或者说机动车的至少一个车轮完全脱耦。
本发明的优选的设计方案规定，在识别出第一运行状态时执行第二诊断运行模式，其中，借助于转速传感器确定与电机持续地作用连接的轴的转速，其中，在转速不为零时识别出相角传感器故障，否则识别出第二运行状态。即，如果根据以上实施方案识别出第一运行状态，则从第一诊断运行模式转变到第二诊断运行模式，或者说引入第二诊断运行模式。在第二诊断运行模式中规定，借助于转速传感器获得轴的转速。因为轴持续地且优选地刚性地与电机作用连接，也可以这种方式获得电机的转速。
转速传感器例如配设于变速器、特别是其输入轴。这意味着，当变速器位于空挡中时轴也与电机作用连接。例如，轴相应于变速器的输入轴。如果转速不为零，则可推出相角传感器故障，特别是当相角传感器的返回值还是恒定时。然而，如果转速等于零并且优选地相角传感器的返回值同时还是恒定的，则不能明确地确定是否出现故障。相应地，识别出第二运行状态。已经可以规定，在识别出第二运行状态时同样识别出相角传感器故障。然而优选地，继续进行相角传感器的诊断。
特别优选地，根据本发明的设计方案规定，在识别出第二运行状态时执行第三诊断运行模式，在该第三诊断运行模式中将所述电机控制或调节到所述确定的转速上，其中，所述调节包括预控制到所述确定的转速上。为了在识别出第二运行状态时继续进行诊断，使用第三诊断运行模式。相应地，在这种情况中从第二诊断运行模式转变到第三诊断运行模式，或者说引入第三诊断运行模式。在第三诊断运行模式中，将电机的理论转速调整到所述确定的转速上。紧接着，将电机控制、或者在使用预控制的情况下调节到理论转速上。在电机中的操控或借助于预控制的调节在没有相角传感器的返回值的情况下进行。因此，在第三诊断运行模式中相角传感器不用于操控电机。
例如，在本发明的另一设计方案中规定，当在第三诊断运行模式中返回值还是恒定时，识别出第三运行状态，否则识别出所述相角传感器的功能正确。如果返回值还是保持恒定，则仍不能明确地推出相角传感器故障。相应地，识别出第三运行状态。相反地，如果返回值变化，则推出相角传感器的功能正常。如果识别出第三运行状态，则可以规定已经确定了相角传感器的错误。然而优选继续诊断。
本发明的另一设计方案设置成，在识别出第三运行状态时执行第四诊断运行模式，在该第四诊断运行模式中借助于转速传感器确定与电机持续地作用连接的轴的转速，其中，当转速不为零时识别出相角传感器故障。即，在第四诊断运行模式中，重新使用转速传感器，以获得轴的转速并且同时获得电机的转速。在第四诊断运行模式中，此外进行以上针对第三诊断运行模式说明的、到所述确定的转速上的电机控制或调节。在第四诊断运行模式中，与第二诊断运行模式相似地，如果转速不为零并且特别是相角传感器的返回值还是恒定，则识别出相角传感器故障。相反地，如果在相角传感器的返回值还是恒定时转速等于零，则不能明确地判断出相角传感器故障。相应地，例如可认为功能正常。
本发明的另一优选的设计方案规定，如果在第四运行模式中的转速等于零，特别是在确定的时间段之后从所述第四诊断运行模式转变到所述第一诊断运行模式。如以上已经解释的那样，如果转速等于零并且返回值还是恒定，在第四诊断运行模式不能明确地识别出相角传感器故障。相应地可规定，重复以上描述的方法，以尽可能在重新执行时得到明确的结果。为了该目的，如果满足所述条件，从第四诊断运行模式转变到第一诊断运行模式中。在此可规定，首先等待确定的时间段，从而不是直接在确定了轴的转速且紧接着的比较之后再次转变回第一诊断运行模式中。
最终可规定，在识别出第一运行状态、第二运行状态或第三运行状态时，便识别出相角传感器故障。如上所述，原则上可能有利的是：在识别相应的运行状态之后继续执行诊断。然而，为了保持方法尽可能简单，也可以规定，在识别到相应的运行状态时便判断出相角传感器故障。
此外，本发明涉及一种机动车的驱动设备，其特别是用于执行根据以上实施方案所述的方法，其中，驱动设备具有至少一个带有相角传感器的电机以及能与电机作用连接的输出轴。在此设置成，驱动设备构造成，用于在相角传感器的返回值恒定时进行驱动设备的第一诊断运行模式，其中，中断在电机和输出轴之间的作用连接，紧接着将电机调节到确定的转速上，并且在返回值还是恒定时识别出第一运行状态，否则识别出相角传感器的功能正确。已经对驱动设备以及方法的这种设计方案的优点进行了阐述。可根据以上实施方案改进驱动设备以及方法，就此而言参考上述实施方案。
附图说明
下面根据在附图中示出的实施形式详细解释本发明，而不限制本发明。其中，唯一的附图示出
具有驱动设备的机动车的示意图。
具体实施方式
附图示出了机动车1的示意图，机动车1具有驱动设备2以及至少一个具有车轮4的驱动车桥3。车桥3在此可借助于驱动设备2驱动。驱动设备2具有动力装置5，其例如为内燃机。此外，设有电机6，其可借助于控制器7操控。动力装置5可通过分离离合器8与电机6作用连接。电机6又例如与变速器10的输入轴9持续地且优选地刚性地作用连接。通过变速器10，电机6与驱动设备2的在此未示出的输出轴作用连接或能与之作用连接。输出轴例如为变速器10的输出轴并且优选地持续地且刚性地与车桥3、或者说与车桥3的至少一个车轮4作用连接。
电机6具有相角传感器11，其联接到控制器7上。优选地，为变速器10配有转速传感器12，转速传感器12用于确定变速器10的输入轴9的转速。相应地，借助于转速传感器12也可获得电机6的转速。如此设计变速器10，即，在输入轴9与传动轴或输出轴之间可调整出多个不同的传动比。此外，变速器10具有空挡，在该空挡中完全中断在输入轴9和传动轴或输出轴之间的作用连接。即，在变速器10的空挡中，电机6完全与车桥3或者说车轮4脱耦。然而，备选地或附加地，可设置未示出的分离离合器用于实现脱耦。
显然，除了驱动车桥3的车轮4，机动车1可具有多个非驱动轮13。备选地，这些非驱动轮13也可以配设给驱动车桥。在这种情况中，优选地，车轮13的驱动车桥同样与驱动设备2的输出轴作用连接，例如持续地且刚性地作用连接。
为了以调节的方式操控电机6，必须尽可能准确地已知电机6的转子或电机轴的当前相角。为了确定相角，设置相角传感器11，其例如增量式地工作。优选地，在一个确定的相角或在多个确定的相角中的一个相角时在相角传感器11的输出部14处无信号，而在所述一个或多个相角之外有信号。显然，也可设置相反的情况，即，在出现所述相角或所述相角中的一个时存在信号，而在其之外没有信号。
现在，如果相角传感器11的返回值保持恒定，特别是在确定的时间段上保持恒定，则这可能的原因是，尽管进行了用于产生转矩的操控，电机6不旋转。然而，同样可出现的情况是，相角传感器11和/或其在控制器7处的联接导线15有故障。这意味着，在出现这种状态时期望进行诊断，以确定是出现了故障还是仅仅驱动设备2或机动车1停止。为了执行诊断，参考以上实施方案。
在使用所描述的驱动设备2和/或开头解释的方法的情况下，可以简单且成本适宜的手段快速地判断出相角传感器11的故障。不需要麻烦的改装措施或附加的传感器。
附图标记列表
1 机动车
2 驱动设备
3 车桥
4 车轮
5 动力装置
6 电机
7 控制器
8 分离离合器
9 输入轴
10 变速器
11 相角传感器
12 转速传感器
13 车轮
14 输出部
15 联接导线

Claims (10)

1.一种用于运行机动车(1)驱动设备(2)的方法，所述驱动设备具有至少一个带有相角传感器(11)的电机(6)以及能与所述电机(6)作用连接的输出轴，其特征在于，在所述相角传感器(11)的返回值恒定时，执行所述驱动设备(2)的第一诊断运行模式，其中，中断在所述电机(6)和所述输出轴之间的作用连接，紧接着将所述电机(6)调节到确定的转速上，并且当返回值还是恒定时识别出第一运行状态，否则识别出所述相角传感器(11)的功能正确。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，借助于将变速器(10)引入空挡和/或借助于使换挡离合器分离来实现作用连接的所述中断。
3.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述驱动设备(2)具有动力装置(5)，所述动力装置能通过分离离合器(8)与所述电机(6)作用连接，该作用连接在引入所述第一诊断运行模式时借助于所述分离离合器中断。
4.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在识别出所述第一运行状态时执行第二诊断运行模式，其中，借助于转速传感器(12)确定与所述电机(6)持续地作用连接的轴(9)的转速，其中，在转速不为零时识别出所述相角传感器(11)故障，否则识别出第二运行状态。
5.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在识别出所述第二运行状态时执行第三诊断运行模式，在该第三诊断运行模式中将所述电机(6)控制或调节到所述确定的转速上，其中，所述调节包括预控制到所述确定的转速上。
6.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，当在所述第三诊断运行模式中返回值还是恒定时，识别出第三运行状态，否则识别出所述相角传感器(11)的功能正确。
7.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在识别出所述第三运行状态时执行第四诊断运行模式，在该第四诊断运行模式中借助于所述转速传感器(12)确定与所述电机(6)持续地作用连接的轴(9)的转速，其中，当转速不为零时识别出所述相角传感器(11)故障。
8.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，如果在所述第四运行模式中的转速等于零，特别是在确定的时间段之后从所述第四诊断运行模式转变到所述第一诊断运行模式。
9.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在识别出所述第一运行状态、所述第二运行状态或所述第三运行状态时，识别出所述相角传感器(11)故障。
10.一种机动车(1)的驱动设备(2)，其特别是用于执行根据上述权利要求中任一项或多项所述的方法，所述驱动设备具有至少一个带有相角传感器(11)的电机(6)以及能与所述电机(6)作用连接的输出轴，其特征在于，所述驱动设备(2)构造成用于，在所述相角传感器(11)的返回值恒定时执行所述驱动设备(2)的第一诊断运行模式，其中，中断在所述电机(6)和所述输出轴之间的作用连接，紧接着将所述电机(6)调节到确定的转速上，并且在返回值还是恒定时识别出第一运行状态，否则识别出所述相角传感器(11)的功能正确。
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