CN107208718A - 用于无测试台地确定混合动力车辆的混合分离离合器的特性曲线的方法 - Google Patents

用于无测试台地确定混合动力车辆的混合分离离合器的特性曲线的方法 Download PDF

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CN107208718A
CN107208718A CN201680006603.XA CN201680006603A CN107208718A CN 107208718 A CN107208718 A CN 107208718A CN 201680006603 A CN201680006603 A CN 201680006603A CN 107208718 A CN107208718 A CN 107208718A
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clutch
internal combustion
combustion engine
hybrid separation
separation clutch
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CN107208718B (zh
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维尔纳·施密特
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Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
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Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D48/00External control of clutches
    • F16D48/06Control by electric or electronic means, e.g. of fluid pressure
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/40Controlling the engagement or disengagement of prime movers, e.g. for transition between prime movers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
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    • B60W10/00Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
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    • B60Y2200/92Hybrid vehicles
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于无测试台地确定混合动力车辆的混合分离离合器的特性曲线的方法,其中,所述混合分离离合器(4)将内燃机(2)和电动机(3)分离或连接,并且所述混合分离离合器(4)从未被操作状态时所处的位置开始被缓慢地操作,并且确定作为离合器力矩关于所述混合分离离合器(4)的位移的函数的离合器特性曲线。在一种也能够无测试台地可靠地确定混合分离离合器的特性曲线的方法中,在所述内燃机(2)的运行状态下以及在所述电动机(3)的在混合分离离合器(4)运动时制动所述内燃机(2)的运动状态下,由所述内燃机(2)的扭矩确定基于所述混合分离离合器(4)的特性曲线的离合器力矩。

Description

用于无测试台地确定混合动力车辆的混合分离离合器的特性 曲线的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于无测试台地确定混合动力车辆的混合分离离合器的特性曲线的方法,其中,所述混合分离离合器将内燃机和电动机分离或连接,并且所述混合分离离合器从它在未操作状态时所处的位置开始被缓慢地操作,并且确定作为离合器力矩关于所述混合分离离合器的位移的函数的离合器特性曲线。
背景技术
DE 10 2010 024 941 A1公开了一种用于控制双离合器变速器的方法,该双离合器变速器具有至少两个分驱动系,其中每个分驱动系能够通过离合器与内燃机连接。在包括双离合器变速器的车辆行驶时,与发动机力矩无关地确定离合器的接触点。所述接触点是用于离合器特性曲线的重要支点,所述离合器特性曲线示出在预定的离合器返回的位移中被传递的离合器力矩。在车辆开始运转时确定所述接触点,并且在车辆的运行期间调整所述接触点,以便调整离合器特性曲线。
在具有混合式驱动系的混合动力车辆中,能够通过来自两个独立的能源,如内燃机的燃料以及电动机的牵引电池的电能,向机械能的转换克服行驶阻力。由DE 10 2008030 473 A1已知一种用于确定自动的混合分离离合器的接触点的方法。在内燃机和电力牵引驱动装置之间安置的混合分离离合器的接触点在内燃机的关闭状态时通过如下方式被确定,混合分离离合器被缓慢地闭合,并且评估被闭合的混合分离离合器对电力牵引驱动装置的以预定转速转动的电机的影响。
为了符合规定地运行,必须确定混合分离离合器的离合器特性曲线。为此,离合器直至达到应用特定的扭矩是处于闭合状态,并且确定离合器力矩关于位移的特性曲线。这通常在测试台上进行。因此,尤其在车间中,由于不存在测试台而不能获悉针对新装配的混合分离离合器的离合器特性曲线。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于,提供一种在不存在测试台的情况下也能够可靠地获悉混合分离离合器的离合器特性曲线的方法。
根据本发明,该技术问题通过如下方式来解决,在内燃机的运行状态下以及在电动机的在混合分离离合器运动时制动内燃机的运动状态下,由所述内燃机的扭矩确定基于混合分离离合器的特性曲线的离合器力矩。这样的优点是,能够在没有测试台的情况下随时在车辆中确定混合分离离合器的离合器特性曲线。
有利地,内燃机通过控制保持预定的转速,其中内燃机的扭矩通过电动机的制动作用而被提高,并且在电动机的制动作用下的扭矩与不受电动机的制动作用的扭矩的差值与混合分离离合器的离合器力矩相一致。由于在内燃机的扭矩改变和由混合分离离合器施加的力矩之间存在线性关系,所以能够可靠地测定混合分离离合器的离合器特性曲线。
在一种设计方案中,变速器的与电动机连接的第二离合器为了制动所述电动机而被闭合,所述变速器驱动驱动轮,并且随后使混合分离离合器从断开状态移至闭合状态,其中评估所述内燃机的扭矩。电动机通过电动机与变速器的固定连接而被制动。由于电动机没有运动,由内燃机施加的扭矩与混合分离离合器的离合器力矩相一致。
在一个变形方案中,在闭合第二离合器之前在变速器中挂入挡位和/或通过制动装置制动混合动力车辆。由此,可靠地防止通过第二离合器与驱动系固定连接的电动机的转动运动。
在改进方案中,电动机在第二离合器被断开时以与内燃机相反的转动方向运行,并且混合分离离合器从断开的状态移至闭合状态,其中,根据所述内燃机的扭矩确定所述混合分离离合器的离合器特性曲线。此过程总是特别具有的优点是,内燃机的起始力矩小于混合分离离合器的接触力矩。所述接触力矩在以下被理解为混合分离离合器的开始在内燃机和电动机之间进行力矩传递的离合器力矩。
在这种方法中,为了避免内燃机停止,提高内燃机的空转转速。
在一个实施方式中,所存储的默认特性曲线被调整至由内燃机的扭矩所得的实际的离合器特性曲线。由于混合分离离合器的通常曲线可在默认特性曲线中已知,所以在确定混合分离离合器的特性曲线时要首先确定支点(Stützpunkt),所述支点对默认特性曲线进行调整。这种支点首先是接触点,默认特性曲线在通过混合分离离合器的位移进行调整时关于该接触点进行移动。
本发明的改进方案涉及一种用于无测试台地确定混合动力车辆的混合分离离合器的特性曲线的方法,其中,所述混合分离离合器将内燃机和电动机分离或连接,并且所述混合分离离合器从它在未被操作状态时所处的位置开始被缓慢地操作,并且确定作为离合器力矩关于所述混合分离离合器的位移的函数的离合器特性曲线。在该方法中,在第二离合器被断开时且内燃机被关闭时,混合分离离合器缓慢地从断开状态移至闭合状态,并且直至内燃机的起始力矩确定特性曲线。此过程应被推荐是因为,内燃机的起始力矩大于混合分离离合器的接触力矩。
附图说明
本发明具有大量的实施方式。结合所示的图示详细阐述其中一个实施方式。附图示出:
图1:混合动力车辆的混合动力驱动的原理图。
具体实施方式
在图1中示出了混合动力车辆的驱动系的原理图。驱动系1包括内燃机2和电动机3。在内燃机2和电动机3之间将混合分离离合器4直接或紧邻地安置在内燃机2后面。内燃机2和混合分离离合器4通过曲轴5彼此相连。电动机3具有可转动的转子6和固定的定子7。混合分离离合器的从动轴8与变速器10连接,该变速器包括第二离合器9,该离合器被安置在电动机3和变速器10之间。变速器10向混合动力车辆的驱动轮11传输由内燃机2和/或电动机3产生的扭矩。在这种情况下,混合分离离合器4和变速器10构成变速器系统12,该变速器系统由静液压式离合器执行装置13进行控制,该静液压式离合器执行装置与未被操作的闭合的混合分离离合器4结合使用。混合分离离合器4通过静液压式离合器执行装置13在液压路段上被操作。在这种情况下,离合器执行装置13返回的位移与混合分离离合器4的位移成正比。
静液压式离合器执行装置13包括与内燃机的空转调节器15连接的控制设备14,在该空转调节器15上设置能够检测内燃机2的转速的第一转速传感器16。
为了了解在变速器系统11开始运转时混合分离离合器4的离合器特性曲线,而无需为此设置测试台,则在第一实施方式中在变速器10中的第二离合器9被闭合。在闭合离合器9之前,在变速器10中挂入挡位并且混合动力车辆由设计为手刹和/或脚刹的制动装置制动。电动机3由于直接连接在第二离合器9上而不能转动。从这个状态开始混合分离离合器4被断开,因此内燃机2能够转动。对混合分离离合器4的离合器特性曲线的获悉现在是通过缓慢闭合混合分离离合器4并且对内燃机2的扭矩的观察实现。在这种情况下,在混合分离离合器4的每个通过静液压式离合器执行装置13的运动进行调节的位置中,检测内燃机2的扭矩差。
在混合分离离合器4被断开时,内燃机2在预定的扭矩的情况下以空载转速运动,由转速传感器16检测空载转速。此时如果混合分离离合器4被闭合,则通过电动机3的不动性使内燃机2制动。空转调节器15提高内燃机2的扭矩,以便使内燃机2的空载转速保持恒定。在这种情况下,得到由电动机3作用时的内燃机2的扭矩与不受电动机3作用时的内燃机2的在空载状态中的扭矩构成的差值。该差值在混合分离离合器4的预定的返回位移下直接与离合器力矩成正比。因此,由混合分离离合器4的不同的位置和对不同的位置计算的内燃机2的扭矩差值能够确定作为离合器力矩关于离合器执行装置13或混合分离离合器4的位移的函数的离合器特性曲线。
通常地,在变速器系统11的控制设备14中存储默认特性曲线,该默认特性曲线根据实际测量的离合器特性曲线而进行调整。该默认特性曲线是混合分离离合器4的特性曲线,它未经校准配属于混合分离离合器4。通过由内燃机2的改变的扭矩确定的实际的离合器特性曲线,可以考虑实际混合分离离合器4和变速器系统12的结构特点。
获悉混合分离离合器4的特性曲线的另外的实施例是,混合分离离合器4以及第二离合器9被断开且内燃机2被关闭。由于第二离合器9被断开,电动机3能够自由转动。如果此时混合分离离合器4缓慢地被关闭,则能够至少至内燃机4的启动时确定混合分离离合器4的特性曲线。但这还不够,因此在第三实施例中内燃机2转动,其中上述混合分离离合器4被断开以及第二离合器9被断开的情况保持不变。电动机3同样转动,但是在与内燃机2的转动方向相反的方向上转动。由于电动机3的相反的转动方向,电动机3制动地对内燃机2的扭矩产生作用。如果此时混合分离离合器4缓慢地被关闭,则由于电动机3的制动的作用,更大的力矩从电动机3经由混合分离离合器4向内燃机2传递,该内燃机2在扭矩被提高的情况下又通过空转调节器15被调节至其原始转速。因此,如先前所述,能够从转速差值确定在混合分离离合器4的不同位置中的混合分离离合器4的离合器力矩。为了避免内燃机停止,可以提高空转转速。
本发明目前仅考虑到在变速器系统12中的设计为单离合器的第二离合器的情况下进行描述。但是,完全可能的是,取代单离合器采用双离合器,其中双离合器中的每个离合器都能够具有所述第二离合器的所描述的状态。
由于所述方法,也能够在不存在测试台的情况下在变速器系统2开始运转时确定混合分离离合器4的离合器特性曲线。
附图标记列表
1 驱动系
2 内燃机
3 电动机
4 混合分离离合器
5 曲轴
6 转子
7 定子
8 从动轴
9 离合器
10 变速器
11 驱动轮
12 变速器系统
13 静液压离合器执行机构
14 控制设备
15 空转调节器
16 转速传感器

Claims (8)

1.一种用于无测试台地确定混合动力车辆的混合分离离合器的特性曲线的方法,其中,所述混合分离离合器(4)将内燃机(2)和电动机(3)分离或连接,并且所述混合分离离合器(4)从未被操作状态时所处的位置开始被缓慢地操作,并且确定作为离合器力矩关于所述混合分离离合器(4)的位移的函数的离合器特性曲线,其特征在于,在所述内燃机(2)的运行状态下以及在所述电动机(3)的在混合分离离合器(4)运动时制动所述内燃机(2)的运动状态下,由所述内燃机(2)的扭矩确定基于所述混合分离离合器(4)的特性曲线的离合器力矩。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述内燃机(2)通过控制保持预定的空载转速,其中,通过所述电动机(3)的制动作用提高所述内燃机(2)的扭矩,并且在所述电动机(3)的制动作用下的扭矩与不受所述电动机(3)的作用的扭矩的差值与混合分离离合器(4)的离合器力矩相一致。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,为了制动所述电动机(3)闭合变速器(10)的与所述电动机(3)连接的第二离合器(9),所述变速器(10)驱动驱动轮(11),并且随后使所述混合分离离合器(4)从断开状态移至闭合状态,其中,评估所述内燃机(2)的扭矩。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,在闭合所述第二离合器(9)之前,在运行期间挂入挡位和/或通过制动装置制动所述混合动力车辆。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述电动机(3)在第二离合器(9)被断开时以与所述内燃机(2)相反的转动方向运行,并且所述混合分离离合器(4)从断开状态移至闭合状态,其中,根据所述内燃机(2)的扭矩确定所述混合分离离合器(4)的离合器特性曲线。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,提高所述内燃机(2)的空载转速。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,存储的默认特性曲线被调整至由所述内燃机(2)的扭矩所得的实际的离合器特性曲线。
8.一种用于无测试台地确定混合动力车辆的混合分离离合器的特性曲线的方法,其中,所述混合分离离合器(4)将内燃机(2)和电动机(3)分离或连接,并且所述混合分离离合器(4)从未被操作状态时所处的位置开始被缓慢地操作,并且确定作为离合器力矩关于所述混合分离离合器(4)的位移的函数的离合器特性曲线,其特征在于,在第二离合器(9)被断开时以及所述内燃机(2)被关闭时,所述混合分离离合器(4)从断开状态移至闭合状态,并且至所述内燃机(2)的起始力矩确定所述离合器特性曲线。
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