CN103608228B - 用于使车辆加速的方法以及混合动力车辆 - Google Patents

用于使车辆加速的方法以及混合动力车辆 Download PDF

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CN103608228B
CN103608228B CN201280029859.4A CN201280029859A CN103608228B CN 103608228 B CN103608228 B CN 103608228B CN 201280029859 A CN201280029859 A CN 201280029859A CN 103608228 B CN103608228 B CN 103608228B
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vehicle
acceleration
driving engine
motor
mode
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CN103608228A (zh
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K-H·梅廷格尔
S·乌尔曼
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Audi AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D28/00—Programme-control of engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
    • B60L15/2063—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed for creeping
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
    • B60L15/2072—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed for drive off
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/06—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W50/00—Details of control systems for road vehicle drive control not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. process diagnostic or vehicle driver interfaces
    • B60W50/08—Interaction between the driver and the control system
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
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    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/42—Drive Train control parameters related to electric machines
    • B60L2240/423—Torque
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/44—Drive Train control parameters related to combustion engines
    • B60L2240/443—Torque
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2260/00—Operating Modes
    • B60L2260/20—Drive modes; Transition between modes
    • B60L2260/26—Transition between different drive modes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2540/00—Input parameters relating to occupants
    • B60W2540/215—Selection or confirmation of options
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2710/00—Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2710/08—Electric propulsion units
    • B60W2710/083—Torque
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/40—Engine management systems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
  • Control Of Vehicle Engines Or Engines For Specific Uses (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

在混合动力车辆中实现了“起步控制”功能，也就是说，混合动力车辆可以由此最大程度加速，即从驻车开始发动机立即起动（S20）且在开始变换至发动机的加速之前（S24），借助于电机以全力矩进行加速（S22）。“起步控制”与另一种模式不同，在所述另一种模式中从驻车开始首先借助于电机的部分力矩加速（S14），从而在出现变换至借助于发动机进行加速（S18）之前，能够通过电机对发动机进行拖曳（S16）。

Description

用于使车辆加速的方法以及混合动力车辆
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于使具有作为驱动装置的电机和作为驱动装置的发动机的车辆加速的方法，即用于使混合动力车辆加速的方法。本发明还涉及这种混合动力车辆。
背景技术
尤其对于从驻车开始使混合动力车辆加速有意义的是，首先借助于电机执行所述加速，因为电机在低转速下也能施加高力矩。随后当转速较高时，变换至借助于发动机进行驱动是有利的。
然而，通常发动机首先是停机的，例如在起动停止运行中车辆完全停止之后。随后如果想要在通过电机的加速开始之后起动发动机，则必须首先对其进行拖曳才能够起动。为拖曳可以使用独立的电机；本申请不涉及此情况。在此考虑的是用作驱动装置的电机被用于拖曳发动机的情况。
如果在加速行驶阶段的中间突然想要借助于用于加速的电机还用于拖曳发动机，则必须为后者储备性地保持一定的由电机施加的力矩。换句话说，仅利用电机的可用力矩的部分力矩进行加速，因此在随后的时间点，可用力矩和部分力矩之间的差值可用于拖曳发动机；此外，在过渡至拖曳发动机时由于驱动力矩的减小会出现冲击，人们希望避免这种冲击。
基于一些车辆——例如跑车——人们认识到了所谓的起步控制。这是一种可能性：使车辆处于一种模式中，在该模式中车辆在从驻车开始加速时尽可能快得达到一确定的速度，例如尽可能快得从1km/h加速至100km/h。例如，对跑车来说存在操纵元件，通过该操纵元件例如在信号灯起动时短时间内能打开该模式。对混合动力车辆来说人们还未了解这种模式。
在DE102007055828A1中公开了一种用于运行混合动力车辆的方法，其中发动机能由电行驶运行开始进入不同的模式。在此描述了拖曳起动、牵引起动和牵引力中断的发动机起动作为发动机起动变型方案。在此，在起动要求中借助于分析预先给定的选择标准根据瞬时的运行情况来选择起动模式。
DE102006045824A1公开了一种用于控制混合动力车辆驱动装置的方法，其中有不同的行驶模式供使用，其涉及在预先给定的运行情况中的增压特性。在此，可以由驾驶员通过可手动操纵的运动开关选择一种模式。
DE102009027642A1公开了一种用于运行混合动力车辆的方法，其中在首次起动时进行混动动力车的电起步，其中在该起步之前、期间或之后起动发动机且在单独的发动机运行中驱动发动机以加热催化器。此外避免了，在催化转化器尚未升温时便将发动机用于驱动。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的在于，提出一种用于混合动力车辆的加速方法以及一种混合动力车辆，通过该方法/混合动力车辆在混合动力车辆的运行方面实现了新的可能性。
一方面该目的通过具有以下给出的相关特征的方法实现，且另一方面通过具有以下给出的相关特征的车辆实现。
在根据本发明的方法中，加速选择性地以两种模式进行：在第一模式中首先电机使车辆以其可用力矩的部分力矩加速，在稍晚的时间点该加速继续并且同时拖曳发动机(更确切地说，优选利用可用力矩与该部分力矩之间的最大差值)，在拖曳发动机之后该发动机为车辆的加速做出贡献。在第二模式中，电机使车辆首先以全部可用的力矩加速，随后发动机参与车辆的加速或者为车辆的加速做出贡献，其中，在第二模式中随着加速开始或者随着第二模式被选择便起动发动机且使之在怠速下运行，直至发动机为车辆的加速做出贡献。
本发明基于这样的认识：根据情况使加速按照所述模式中的一个或另一个来进行可能是有利的或期望的。在第一模式中用于，当电机过渡为拖曳发动机时不出现或至少以减小的幅度出现冲击。因此在第一模式中实现了良好的行驶舒适性。而在第二模式中车辆更快地加速，在这一些情况中会是特别重要的，比如为了满足驾驶员愿望，也比如为了在行驶时增强安全性，例如当对其它车辆超车时。
在第二模式中，在第二模式中随着加速开始或者在第二模式被激活时便起动发动机且使之随后在怠速下运行，直至发动机为车辆的加速做出贡献。通过这种方式可以避免所述的冲击。为了可靠地实现期望的快速而可以忍受加速增大的燃料消耗。
优选当希望采取第二模式时，在加速之前操纵一操纵元件。有利的是，车辆驾驶员应该能够极迅速地选择所述模式。
原则上，当加速不是从驻车开始进行，而是从低速度开始时也可以应用本发明。然而，如果在从驻车开始加速中实现了，便已经实现另一种新的功能性。这可以伴随着车辆的起动-停止-运行发生，其中当车辆停住(驻车)时关掉发动机。
根据本发明的车辆的特征在于设有优选形式为操纵设备的输入设备，所述输入设备设计用于变换在(尤其从驻车开始的)加速时采取的模式，其中其应该涉及本发明方法的两种所述模式。
因此，在根据本发明的车辆中通过极简单的方式，对操纵设备来说甚至通常是以特别快速的方式实现了对相应模式的选择，这对于驾驶员来说觉得舒适；通过提供两种模式给出了车辆中的额外的功能性，即提供了所谓的“起步控制”的可能性。
附图说明
下面根据附图中详细地描述本发明的优选实施方案，其中示出：
图1作为唯一的附图示出了用于阐明根据本发明的方法的实施方案的流程图。
具体实施方式
混合动力车辆应该具有电机和发动机。电机和发动机两者可以都作用在同一车轴上，然而本发明也可以应用在电机作用在一个车轴上，而发动机作用在另一车轴上的情况。此外，本发明也可以应用于在一个车轴中提供具有电机和发动机的混合动力驱动装置且在另一个车轴的范围内提供额外的驱动装置，尤其是额外的电机的情况。
通常如此运行混合动力车辆，即当车辆驻车时关掉发动机，从而没有过量的废气排放至环境中且不消耗燃料。
在本实施方案中，在这种停车之后、即在车辆驻车的情况下根据步骤S10开始本发明的方法，其中在此应该给出加速愿望，例如，可以是车辆驾驶员操纵了加速踏板；可以是识别出了自动的行驶速度调节，即在前行驶的车辆已经从驻车开始运动或者信号灯已经变绿；或者可以是车辆驾驶员操纵了车辆中的其它输入元件。
在步骤S10之后，在步骤S12中检查，是否进行了专门的输入，即用于所谓的“起步控制”的输入。在起步控制中，车辆应该以尽可能大的加速度加速。在此车辆中的一操纵元件、例如操纵按钮被用于所述输入。如果在步骤S12中未进行输入，然而在步骤S10中给出了加速愿望，则在步骤S14中借助于电机进行加速，然而并未利用其全部可用的扭矩。这是因为，在确定的转速下在加速的开始阶段之后在步骤S16中开始通过电机拖曳车辆的发动机，也就是说，例如通过使在电机和发动机之间的离合器接合来增大发动机的转速。因为在步骤S14中仅利用可用力矩的部分力矩进行加速，仍有剩余力矩供使用，该剩余力矩可以用于所述拖曳。通过这种方式可以借助于电机在拖曳发动机期间继续进行加速，且车辆驾驶员不或者几乎不察觉对发动机的拖曳。尤其不存在伴随着加速度降低的冲击。在发动机的拖曳阶段之后且在达到确定的转速之后，在步骤S18中进行变换，随后至少部分地利用发动机进行加速。
如果在步骤S12中接收到用于起步控制的输入——这可以是同样的一种通过其也通知了加速愿望的输入，则在步骤S20中可选地直接起动发动机。在此，其可以通过电机拖曳，其中在起动时可以同时借助于电机在非全部力矩的情况下进行加速。无论如何以发动机的起动开始且随后在步骤S22中转向利用电机加速，所述加速利用全部可用的力矩进行。在此期间发动机继续运转，直至在步骤S24中变换至利用发动机进行加速。
根据步骤S20、S22和S24的模式实现了以燃料消耗为代价的特别快的加速，更确切地说，根据一输入、也就是说对应于驾驶员愿望来实现该加速。此外，根据步骤S14、S16和S18实现了驾驶员觉得舒适且节省燃料的模式。

Claims (4)

1.一种用于使车辆加速的方法，所述车辆具有作为驱动装置的电机和作为驱动装置的发动机，其中选择性地以两种模式进行加速，其中在第一模式中首先电机使车辆以其可用力矩的部分力矩加速，在稍晚的时间点该加速继续并且同时拖曳发动机，在拖曳发动机之后该发动机随即为车辆的加速做出贡献，在第二模式中，电机使车辆首先以全部可用的力矩加速，随后发动机为车辆的加速做出贡献，其特征在于，在第二模式中随着加速开始或者随着第二模式被选择便起动发动机且使之在怠速下运行，直至发动机为车辆的加速做出贡献。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，当需要采取第二模式时，在加速之前操纵一操纵元件。
3.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，从驻车开始进行加速。
4.一种车辆，具有作为驱动装置的电机和作为驱动装置的发动机，其特征在于，设有输入设备，所述输入设备设计用于变换在加速时采取的模式，其中第一模式规定为：在第一模式中首先电机使车辆以其可用力矩的部分力矩加速，在稍晚的时间点该加速继续并且同时拖曳发动机，在拖曳发动机之后该发动机随后为车辆的加速做出贡献，第二模式规定为：在第二模式中，电机使车辆首先以全部可用的力矩加速，随即发动机为车辆的加速做出贡献，在第二模式中随着加速开始或者随着第二模式被选择便起动发动机且使之在怠速下运行，直至发动机为车辆的加速做出贡献。
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