CN101801298B - 电外科手术器械 - Google Patents

电外科手术器械 Download PDF

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CN101801298B
CN101801298B CN2008801077253A CN200880107725A CN101801298B CN 101801298 B CN101801298 B CN 101801298B CN 2008801077253 A CN2008801077253 A CN 2008801077253A CN 200880107725 A CN200880107725 A CN 200880107725A CN 101801298 B CN101801298 B CN 101801298B
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J·巴克
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/04Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
    • A61B18/12Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
    • A61B18/14Probes or electrodes therefor
    • A61B18/1442Probes having pivoting end effectors, e.g. forceps
    • A61B18/1445Probes having pivoting end effectors, e.g. forceps at the distal end of a shaft, e.g. forceps or scissors at the end of a rigid rod
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/04Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
    • A61B18/08Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by means of electrically-heated probes
    • A61B18/082Probes or electrodes therefor
    • A61B18/085Forceps, scissors
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B2018/00636Sensing and controlling the application of energy
    • A61B2018/00696Controlled or regulated parameters
    • A61B2018/00726Duty cycle
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61B18/04Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
    • A61B18/12Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
    • A61B18/14Probes or electrodes therefor
    • A61B2018/1405Electrodes having a specific shape
    • A61B2018/1412Blade
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/04Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
    • A61B18/12Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
    • A61B18/14Probes or electrodes therefor
    • A61B18/1442Probes having pivoting end effectors, e.g. forceps
    • A61B2018/1452Probes having pivoting end effectors, e.g. forceps including means for cutting
    • A61B2018/1455Probes having pivoting end effectors, e.g. forceps including means for cutting having a moving blade for cutting tissue grasped by the jaws

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Abstract

本发明提供用于密封和横切组织的电外科手术的工作端和方法。示例性电外科手术工作端具有可开可合的第一钳口和第二钳口,用于逐步夹紧所选组织块。本发明的一种方法包括根据所述钳口闭合度以第一模式或第二模式将电外科手术能量施加到所述组织上。

Description

电外科手术器械
技术领域
本发明涉及医疗器械和方法。更具体地讲,本发明涉及用于密封和横切组织的电外科手术器械、工作端和方法。 
背景技术
在多种开放性和腹腔镜外科手术中,需要凝结、密封或熔合组织。组织密封的一种优选方式需要将电能施加到捕获的组织上,以在组织内产生密封所需的热效应。已经为此类目的开发了多种单极和双极射频(Rf)钳口结构。通常,将射频能量传递到捕获的组织块会升高组织温度,从而至少部分地使组织内的蛋白质变性。这类蛋白质(包括胶原)被变性为蛋白质混合物,该蛋白质混合物在蛋白质复性时混合和熔合在一起。当处理部位随时间愈合时,这种生物“焊缝”在身体的伤口愈合过程中被重新吸收。 
在双极射频(Rf)钳口的典型布置中,每个钳口的表面都具有电极。射频电流流过两个相对的钳口中的电极之间的被捕获组织。大多数市售的双极钳口可提供低强度的组织熔接随后处理。尽管这类钳口可以充分密封或熔接具有小横截面的组织块,但这种双极器械在密封或熔接许多类型的组织(例如壁面有不规则或较厚纤维物的解剖结构、不同解剖结构的束、非常厚的解剖结构或具有诸如大直径血管之类的厚筋膜层的组织)时往往不起作用。另外,许多重要外科手术应用(尤其是血管横切手术)涉及密封其内有相当高的流体压力的血管。这类应用需要高强度的组织熔接随后处理,而当前可用的射频钳口却不能提供。 
此外,用于夹入组织块的两个相对侧的当前可用射频钳口通常无法在组织内产生均匀的热效应,不论所捕获的组织是薄还是非常厚。 随着组织内射频能量密度的增加,组织表面会变干,并会抑制额外的电阻加热。当组织阻抗升高时,几乎会瞬间发生组织局部干燥和炭化,进而可能导致组织内的密封不均匀。当前可用的典型射频钳口会从被夹入组织开始横向扩散射频密度,导致不希望的旁侧热损坏,从而进一步产生不可取的效果。 
因此,需要可避免当前用于密封和横切组织结构的器械的至少某些缺陷的外科手术器械和工作端。 
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供能够横切和压缩组织的外科手术器械的工作端。该工作端便于将射频能量以可控方式传输到具有厚筋膜层的横切组织边缘或具有不均匀纤维物的其他组织层。 
在第一方面,本发明的实施例提供了将能量传递到所选组织结构(优选以可控方式密封该组织)的方法。组织逐步地在一组钳口(例如电外科手术器械的工作端的第一钳口和第二钳口)之间夹紧。在纤维组织层(即筋膜)传导的射频(Rf)电流不同于在具有较少纤维的相邻组织层传导的射频(Rf)电流。在此类相邻组织内细胞外液含量的不同在很大程度上导致电阻加热的不同。通过向组织层施加高压缩力,细胞外液从患处向旁侧区域迁移,从而使所选组织块内的电阻在各区域更加均匀。 
每个钳口均可包括能量传递表面。这两个钳口最好能够在第一钳口和第二钳口之间以可选的钳口闭合度彼此相对地打开和闭合。电外科手术能量(通常为射频(Rf)能量)通过钳口上的能量传递表面(通常为相反极性表面)施加到组织块上。电外科手术能量以第一模式或第二模式施加。以第一模式施加的电外科手术能量可以被设置为可使组织基本上脱水并减小其横截面积。以第二模式施加的电外科手术能量可以被设置为可熔接组织。在许多实施例中,可以响应于测量的工作参数将所施加的电外科手术能量从第一模式切换到第二模式。该参 数可以为(例如)钳口闭合速度、钳口的闭合度、组织的阻抗或给定的时间间隔。本发明的钳口可以在单极或双极方式下工作。 
钳口可以包括电阻加热元件,并且可以附装有连接到射频源和控制器的芯部导电材料或电极。该材料可以包括固定电阻的材料、具有正温度系数电阻(PTCR)的材料或具有负温度系数电阻(NTCR)的材料。PTCR材料可以设计为在高于特定材料温度时呈现急剧升高的电阻,该温度有时称为居里点或转换范围。在具有PTCR材料的实施例中,当组织温度将PTCR材料的温度升高至转换范围时,来自钳口的射频电流将终止。瞬间且自动地降低所施加的射频能量可防止钳口所夹紧组织的任何显著脱水。 
在许多实施例中,在第一模式下可经由第一钳口和第二钳口的所选部分来施加能量。在第二模式下,可经由第一钳口和第二钳口的不同的所选部分来施加能量。第一模式下的所选部分可以为钳口的周边部分,第二模式下的所选部分可以为钳口的非周边部分。 
作为另外一种选择,能量传递的第一模式可以包括传输射频(Rf)能量,能量传递的第二模式可以包括热传导。电外科手术能量可以由一个或两个钳口上的双极电极通过射频电阻加热施加到组织。当射频电阻加热受阻抗限制时,能量可以代之以由一个或两个钳口上的电阻加热材料通过热传导施加。 
在另一方面,本发明的实施例提供具有器械主体、器械主体上的工作端和控制系统的电外科手术器械。工作端是具有第一和第二钳口的可开可闭的钳口结构,每个钳口均具有能量传递表面。工作端具有介于0%和100%之间的闭合度。控制系统可构造为根据工作参数以第一模式和/或第二模式启动能量传递表面。第一模式下的能量传递可设置为使组织基本上脱水并减小其横截面积。第二模式下的能量传递可设置为用来熔接组织。 
在许多实施例中,控制系统响应于工作参数的变化在以第一模式启动能量传递表面和以第二模式启动能量传递表面之间切换。工作参 数可以为(例如)钳口的闭合度、钳口闭合速度、组织的阻抗或时间间隔。 
在许多实施例中,钳口能量传递表面的一部分可以包括电阻加热元件,例如电阻加热材料。另一部分可以具有射频元件。当由于组织阻抗增加而使射频通路受限时,由电阻加热元件将热能传输到组织。电阻加热材料可在能量传递表面的至少5%上延展。 
在许多实施例中,钳口可以具有正温度系数电阻(PTCR)材料或负温度系数电阻(NTCR)材料。 
在许多实施例中,每个能量传递表面均具有至少一个射频电极。这些电极可被布置成连接到控制系统中的双极电源的相反的极端上。在一些实施例中,控制系统在第一模式下启动第一钳口和第二钳口的表面上的电极。在第二模式下,控制系统也启动第一钳口和第二钳口的表面上的电极,但被启动的电极的极性与第一模式下的极性相反。在一些实施例中,控制系统在第一模式下启动第一钳口和第二钳口的表面上的电极,并且在第二模式下启动钳口中至少一个钳口的表面内的电极。 
在许多实施例中,器械主体具有轴向往复构件。轴向往复构件可以由器械主体附装并能够用来打开和闭合钳口。往复构件的轴向移动被能够将电外科手术表面的启动从第一模式切换到第二模式。往复构件的轴向移动也能够用来横切由钳口夹紧的组织,例如通过使往复构件具有组织切割部分(例如锋利的远侧边缘)。 
在一些实施例中,第一钳口和第二钳口各有多个电极,并且控制系统能够根据钳口闭合百分比和夹在第一钳口和第二钳口之间的组织的阻抗这二者中的至少一者来启动不同组的电极。 
在许多实施例中,第一钳口和第二钳口的电外科手术表面各自包括电阻加热元件。这些表面也可包括有源电极和占表面一定百分比的电阻材料。电阻材料可以为PTCR材料、NTCR材料或具有固定电阻的材料。在一些实施例中,电外科手术表面具有双极电极。在第一模式下,可以启动第一钳口和第二钳口上的双极电极。在第二模式下,可 以启动钳口中的至少一个钳口的表面内的双极电极,并且也可以启动第一钳口和第二钳口的表面上的双极电极。 
作为另外一种选择,第一钳口和第二钳口具有多个相反极性电极。控制系统能够根据钳口闭合百分比和/或夹在第一钳口和第二钳口之间的组织的阻抗来启动不同组的相反极性电极。 
本发明的另一个方面提供用于沿接合目标组织块的电外科手术器械的非常细长的工作端产生高压缩力的装置。提供了一种可滑动或可平移的延伸构件。当该延伸构件沿钳口的整个长度上延伸时,其可以限定接合于钳口构件的整个长度的凸轮表面。该延伸构件能够执行多个功能,包括但不限于在闭合工作端钳口的同时横切被夹入的组织、向被夹入组织施加非常大的压力、以及与钳口的电外科手术部件配合,以向被夹入组织传输热能。 
因此,延伸构件与工作端钳口的配合顾及了电外科手术电极布置,这些电外科手术电极布置能够以可控方式向被夹入组织施加电流。根据本发明的实施例的电外科手术器械包括具有第一钳口构件和第二钳口构件的可开可闭合的钳口组件,其中第一和第二钳口构件具有电外科手术能量传递表面。每个钳口构件均具有连接到电源的相反极性的导电体。至少一个钳口表面具有部分电阻性的主体。该部分电阻性的主体可以具有固定电阻、响应于压力变化的电阻或响应于温度变化的电阻。该部分电阻性的主体能够承受负载,以防止能量传递表面周围的组织内产生电弧放电,从而在不炭化和干燥组织的情况下形成有效的熔接。 
在许多实施例中,工作端包括传感器系统的部件,这些部件与电源控制器一起可以控制组织熔接手术过程中的射频能量传递。例如,可以提供用于测量工作端中的一个或多个温度传感器处温度的反馈电路。可以提供另一类反馈电路,以测量夹入在工作端所附装的多种有源电极之间的组织的阻抗。电源控制器可以连续调节和控制射频能量传递,以实现(或保持)特定参数,例如,组织内的特定温度、多个 传感器测得的温度的平均值、温度分布图(能量传递随时间的变化)、或特定阻抗水平或范围。 
本发明的另一个方面提供医疗器械,该医疗器械包括具有工作端的轴、连接到轴上的把手端、工作端内的关节结构、以及把手端内的致动器机构。工作端包括一对可开可合的钳口。把手端可以相对于轴旋转。关节结构可以使钳口在非偏转构型和偏转构型之间活动连接。致动器机构可以选择性地旋转轴和/或使钳口在两种构型之间活动连接。致动器机构也可以包括可旋转构件,该构件可拉动拉线或者能够用于指式接合(例如通过提供拇指轮)。致动器机构也可以包括切换机构,该机构在使轴旋转和使钳口在非偏转构型和偏转构型之间活动连接这二者之间切换对可旋转构件的致动。例如,切换机构可以为凸轮型制动机构或锁紧机构。致动器机构也可连接到马达驱动器。 
在另一方面,本发明的实施例提供医疗器械,该医疗器械包括具有工作端的轴、具有一对可开可合钳口的工作端、连接到轴上的把手端、钳口闭合机构、轴旋转机构、以及关节连接机构。钳口闭合机构包括延伸构件,该延伸构件可在钳口中的纵向槽内从回缩位置向伸出位置滑动以闭合钳口。延伸构件具有第一表面,该第一表面和与之配合的钳口的第二表面接合,以将钳口从打开位置向闭合位置移动。轴旋转机构使轴和工作端相对于把手端旋转。关节连接机构使工作端在非偏转构型和偏转构型之间活动连接。在许多实施例中,关节连接机构包括可平移缆索。 
在许多实施例中,把手端可以连接到机器人致动器,用于致动钳口闭合机构、致动轴旋转机构和/或致动关节连接机构。作为另外一种选择,把手端可以连接到计算机控制的驱动系统。在许多实施例中,钳口包括用于向组织施加能量的能量传递表面、至少一个电极、双极电极、具有正温度系数电阻材料的材料或被电阻加热的元件。在许多实施例中,把手端包括用于致动钳口闭合机构、轴旋转机构和关节连接机构中的至少一者的多个键控旋转构件。 
附图说明
图1为电外科手术器械的透视图。 
图2A示出电外科手术器械的工作端,该工作端具有处于未伸出位置的可平移延伸构件。 
图2B示出图2A的工作端,该工作端的可平移延伸构件处于伸出位置。 
图2C为形如工字梁的可平移构件的截面图。 
图3A-3B示出处于完全打开位置的电外科手术器械的工作端。 
图4示出处于中间闭合位置的电外科手术器械的工作端。 
图5为处于完全闭合位置的电外科手术器械的工作端的分解图。 
图6A-6C为不同操作模式下的电外科手术器械的工作端的截面图。 
图7A为电外科手术器械的工作端的侧视图,该工作端附装有允许钳口结构活动连接的枢轴。 
图7B为工作端的透视图,该工作端附装有枢轴和缆索,以允许钳口结构活动连接。 
图8A为电外科手术器械把手端的透视图,该把手端附装有图7A-B的工作端。 
图8B-C从不同角度示出图8A的把手端。 
图8D为图8A的把手端的剖视图,图中示出了拇指轮。 
具体实施方式
1.用于组织密封和横切的“A”型系统。图1示出具有把手端205和导入器或轴构件206的电外科手术器械200。导入器206附装有工作端210并可以被适配为用于熔接和横切组织。工作端210包括具有直或弯钳口(第一钳口222a和第二钳口222b)的可开可合的钳口组件。钳口222a和222b可以围绕轴线225闭合和捕获或夹入组织,并且也可向组织施加压力。导入器206具有圆柱形或矩形横截面,并且可以包括从把手205伸出的薄壁管状套筒。把手205包括握杆臂228,该握 杆臂能够致动可平移的往复构件240,该往复构件也起钳口闭合机构的作用。往复构件240的远端包括带凸缘的工字梁,该工字梁能够在钳口222a和222b上的槽242中滑动,如图2A-2C所示。钳口闭合机构和电外科手术能量传递表面在下列美国专利中有所描述,所有这些专利均以引用方式全文并入本文并构成本说明书的一部分:7,220,951;7,189,233;7,186,253;7,125,409;7,112,201;7,087,054;7,083,619;7,070,597;7,041,102;7,011,657;6,929,644;6,926,716;6,905,497;6,802,843;6,770,072;6,656,177;6,533,784;6,500,176。在图1所示实施例中,每个钳口构件222a和222b均通过缆索252内的导线连接到电源245和控制器250,以充当具有正极(+)和负极(-)的成对双极电极,下文将对此进行详细描述。 
把手205包括用于闭合钳口的可动握杆228。系统和器械200可能够提供取决于钳口闭合度的电外科手术能量传递模式。钳口闭合度可以用握杆228的致动度表示,例如图1中的致动度A和B。作为另外一种选择,致动度可以用往复构件240的轴向平移表示。可能有效的是,根据被捕获组织的量和向组织施加的压力大小,在不同电外科手术能量传递模式间进行切换。例如,系统和器械200可以在第一模式下向大量被夹入组织传递射频能量,以引起初始脱水。系统和器械200可以接着切换到第二模式,以便于更有效地熔接组织。作为另外一种选择,当夹入少量组织时,系统和器械200可以在第二模式下传递射频能量,只有在这种模式下才最适合熔接组织。 
图2C示出往复构件240的远端,其具有“C”形部分或上凸缘250a和下凸缘250b。凸缘250a和250b分别限定内凸轮表面252a和252b,用于可滑动地接合钳口222a和222b的面向外的表面262a-262b。内凸轮表面252a和252b可以具有任何合适的轮廓,用来可滑动地配合钳口222a和222b的表面262a-262b。如图2A-2B所示,处于闭合位置的钳口222a和222b限定位于钳口222a和222b的能量传递表面265A和265B之间的间隙或尺寸D。尺寸D等于从约0.0005″至约0.005″,优选地介于约0.001″和约0.002″之间。能量传递表面265A 和265B的边缘268可以倒圆,以免切割到组织。钳口内的槽242接纳往复构件240的移动,往复构件可以包括组织切割部分(例如通过具有锋利的远侧边缘来形成)。 
图3A和3B示出类似于图2A-2B所示工作端280的视图。图3A-B更详细地示出钳口的能量传递表面。在所示实施例中,电外科手术能量传递表面为彼此的镜像。能量传递表面包括各自的钳口222a和222b的内表面部分上的第一导电体285A和第二导电体285B的表面部分。所示实施例还包括第三镜像导体290A和第四镜像导体290B,这些导体分别为钳口222a和222b的结构性周边部件。所示实施例还包括至少一个中间材料292,其位于第一钳口222a上的第一导电体285A和第三导电体290A中间。中间材料292也可位于第二钳口222b上的第二导电体285B和第四导电体290B中间。中间材料292可以为绝缘体、正温度系数电阻(PTCR)材料或固定电阻材料中的至少一者。在图3A-6C中,第一导电体285A、第二导电体285B、第三导电体290A和第四导电体290B以多种操作模式示出,并且将极性表示为正极(+)、负极(-)或无极性 
Figure GPA00001061266300091
第一导电体285A和第二导电体285B通过导线连接到具有用于切换极性的切换装置的射频源240和控制器250,如下所述。在一些实施例中,可平移构件240可以传输电流,或涂覆绝缘体层以防止构件240成为传输电流的导电通道。图3A和3B示出处于完全打开位置的第一钳口222a和第二钳口222b,图4示出处于中间闭合位置的钳口222a和222b,图5以剖视图示出处于完全闭合位置的钳口。 
在图3A-5所示实施例中,至少一个钳口可能具有多个操作模式,其中导体或电极(285A或285B)根据钳口闭合度而切换极性。图6A-6C以示意性截面图示出了多个模式。在本发明的一个方面,系统200和工作端280用来实践本发明的方法,该方法包括:(i)提供具有成对的可开可合钳口的电外科手术工作端;(ii)在第一钳口和第二钳口之间逐步夹紧所选组织块;以及(iii)根据钳口的闭合度以第一模式或第二模式将电外科手术能量施加到组织上。 
在一种方法中,操作模式包括经单个钳口的能量传递表面265a或265b内相反极性电极之间的射频电流通路传递大量能量。例如,如图6A所示,电流通路可以在第一钳口222a的表面电极285A(+)和290A(-)之间并且在第二钳口222b的表面电极285B(+)和290B(-)之间。该射频能量传递模式适合密封或熔接薄的或高度压缩的组织块。 
在该方法中,另一个操作模式包括切换到经第一钳口222a和第二钳口222b的能量传递表面265a和265b之间的射频电流通路传递大量能量。例如,如图6B所示,内表面电极285A(-)和285B(+)被切换为具有相反极性,以形成通过被夹入组织的射频电流通路,从而使厚组织块脱水。分别位于第一钳口222a和第二钳口222b上的第二导电体290A和第四导电体290B可以具有零极性或无极性 
Figure GPA00001061266300101
例如当钳口从完全打开位置或0%钳口闭合度(图3A-3B)移向更彻底的闭合位置时,图6B的操作模式(其中射频电流通路定向在相对钳口的能量传递表面265a和265b之间)对于在夹入并夹紧组织之后将厚组织束脱水是有效的。在将钳口移向中间闭合位置(图4)之后,图6A的操作模式通过单个钳口222a或222b上的相反极性电极之间的射频电流通路提供大量的能量传递,并且为在被夹入组织内形成高强度密封或熔接提供最优能量传递。 
在本发明的一种方法中,控制系统和/或控制器250在闭合度10%、20%、30%、40%、50%、60%、70%和80%之后从一种模式切换至另一种模式。初始操作模式在相对钳口的能量传递表面265a和265b之间提供基本的射频电流通路(图6B)。后续的操作模式在单个钳口222a或222b上的相反极性电极之间提供基本的射频电流通路(图6A)。图6C示出与图6A的模式相类似的另一种操作模式,其中周边导体290A和290B具有(-)极性的导电性。 
在一个实施例中,设备包括具有工作端的电外科手术器械和控制系统,其中工作端具有可开可合的第一钳口和第二钳口,第一钳口和第二钳口的特征在于在0%和100%钳口闭合度之间操作并具有位于第一和第二钳口上的电外科手术表面,控制系统能够根据钳口闭合的百分 比在第一模式和第二模式下启动电外科手术表面。控制系统能够在钳口闭合度10%、20%、30%、40%、50%、60%、70%和80%之后启动并从第一模式切换至第二模式。 
应当理解,在电外科手术模式之间的切换可以通过一个或多个工作参数触发,例如:(i)上述钳口闭合度;(ii)被夹入组织的阻抗;(iii)阻抗变化率或它们的任意组合。此外,本发明的范围包括在初次组织夹入、组织夹紧和组织横切过程中在多种电外科手术模式之间切换多次。 
在另一种方法中,当初次夹入厚组织时,在图6A的模式下传递能量是有效的,该模式下同时在两个表面上将组织脱水,以防止后续的杂散射频电流流入朝外放置的组织,从而有助于防止旁侧组织受损。在初始能量传递间隔(该间隔可由(i)时间、(ii)钳口闭合度或(iii)任何阻抗参数这三者中的至少一者确定)之后,系统可以接着切换至图6B的能量传递模式。随后,系统可以根据所选钳口闭合度、阻抗参数或它们的组合切换至图6A或6C的模式。 
本发明的电外科手术方法包括第一模式,第一模式启动第一钳口和第二钳口表面上的双极电极,并且进一步启动至少一个钳口的表面内的双极电极。另一种模式包括使双极电外科手术能量只在单个钳口内的相反极性表面之间传输。另一种模式包括使双极电外科手术能量只在第一钳口和第二钳口上的相反极性表面之间传输。一种模式可以被设置成使被夹入组织块基本上脱水并减小其横截面积。另一种方法可以被设置成熔接被夹入组织块。另一种方法可以调节从钳口表面上的正温度系数(PTCR)材料向被夹入组织块传递的电外科手术能量。另一种方法可以调节从钳口表面上的电阻加热元件向被夹入组织块施加的能量,该电阻加热元件在组织内的射频通路因组织阻抗增加而受限时施加能量。另一种方法可以通过利用钳口表面上的负温度系数电阻(NTCR)材料调节所施加的能量。 
在图5-6C所示的本发明的另一方面,电外科手术器械包括附装有一对可开可合钳口的工作端。至少其中一个钳口包括能量传递表面, 该表面具有有源电极和PTCR材料。PTCR材料占该表面的百分比为至少5%、10%、25%、50%或75%。作为另外一种选择,至少其中一个钳口可以包括具有有源电极和电阻材料的能量传递表面。电阻材料占该表面的百分比可以为至少5%、10%、25%、50%或75%。当位于射频电流通路中间时,电阻材料会加热到所选程度,并且在组织阻抗变得过高后通过传导发散热量。因此,可以保持合适的组织温度以有助于熔接组织。 
图7A-B示出电外科手术器械的工作端300的实施例。工作端300包括关节结构305,该关节结构具有至少一个围绕销轴310旋转的可枢转铰链元件。图7A示出两个可枢转元件310,该元件便于从非偏转构型移动至偏转构型,偏转构型下钳口偏转至少20°、30°、40°、50°或60°。连接可枢转元件312的每个销轴310可以包括用于接纳上述可滑动延伸构件240的狭槽315。图7B为图7A的工作端的侧视图。工作端300可以包括如下所述缆索410。 
图8A-8D示出电外科手术器械400的实施例,该器械附装有图7A-B的关节连接工作端300。把手能够内嵌式致动,以用于血管采集手术。在一个实施例中,把手包括拇指轮402,该拇指轮具有双重功能:(i)旋转轴和(ii)偏转工作端。拇指轮402可以通过锁紧机构405在两种功能之间切换。当锁定在“偏转”位置时,拇指轮302致动并利用本领域熟知的机构拉动缆索410,以偏转医疗器械末端。钳口闭合机构包括上述可平移的往复构件。 
应当理解,图8A-8D的可偏转工作端也可以连接到多个致动器或马达驱动器(例如外科手术机器人),以只使用三个可致动机构偏转、旋转和闭合钳口。该器械包括:(i)连接到(具有带钳口结构的工作端的)轴的把手端;(ii)具有延伸构件的钳口闭合机构,该延伸构件可在成对钳口内的纵向槽中从回缩位置滑动到伸出位置以闭合钳口,该延伸构件具有第一表面,该第一表面和成对钳口的与之配合的第二表面相接合,以将钳口从打开位置移动至闭合位置;(iii)用于使轴和工作端相对于把手端旋转的轴旋转机构;以及(iv)关节连接机 构,该关节连接机构用于使工作端在非偏转构型和偏转构型之间活动连接。 
虽然上文详细描述了本发明的具体实施例,但应当理解的是,所述具体实施方式仅仅是为了举例说明。本发明的具体特征可在一些附图中示出而未在另一些附图中示出。任何特征均可与根据本发明的实施例的另一特征组合在一起。由于本公开,本发明的其他改型对于本领域技术人员将显而易见,且这些改型被认定落在权利要求书的范围之内。 

Claims (18)

1.一种电外科手术器械,包括:
器械主体;
工作端,所述工作端位于所述器械主体上并具有第一钳口和第二钳口,其中所述钳口各自具有能量传递表面,并能够以所述第一钳口和第二钳口之间的可选钳口闭合度彼此相对地打开和闭合;以及
控制系统,所述控制系统能够根据工作参数以第一模式、第二模式或这二者启动所述能量传递表面;
其中传递能量的所述第一模式使组织基本上脱水并减小所述组织的横截面积,并且传递能量的所述第二模式熔接所述组织。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电外科手术器械,其中所述控制系统响应于所述工作参数的变化在以所述第一模式启动所述能量传递表面和以所述第二模式启动所述能量传递表面之间切换。
3.根据权利要求1所述的电外科手术器械,其中所述工作参数包括钳口闭合度。
4.根据权利要求1所述的电外科手术器械,其中所述工作参数包括钳口闭合速度。
5.根据权利要求1所述的电外科手术器械,其中所述工作参数包括所述组织的阻抗。
6.根据权利要求1所述的电外科手术器械,其中所述工作参数包括时间间隔。
7.根据权利要求1所述的电外科手术器械,其中至少一个所述钳口的所述能量传递表面的至少一部分包括电阻加热元件,并且至少一个所述钳口的所述能量传递表面的至少一部分包括射频(Rf)元件。
8.根据权利要求7所述的电外科手术器械,其中所述电阻加热元件包括电阻加热材料。
9.根据权利要求8所述的电外科手术器械,其中所述电阻加热元件在射频(Rf)通路因组织阻抗增加而受限时向所述组织传递热量。
10.根据权利要求8所述的电外科手术器械,其中所述电阻加热材料在所述能量传递表面的至少5%上延展。
11.根据权利要求1所述的电外科手术器械,其中所述钳口包括正温度系数电阻(PTCR)材料。
12.根据权利要求1所述的电外科手术器械,其中所述钳口包括负温度系数电阻(NTCR)材料。
13.根据权利要求1所述的电外科手术器械,其中每个所述能量传递表面包括至少一个射频电极,并且所述电极布置成连接到所述控制系统中的双极电源的相反极端上。
14.根据权利要求13所述的电外科手术器械,其中所述控制系统在所述第一模式下启动所述第一钳口和第二钳口的所述表面上的所述电极,所述被启动电极具有某个极性。
15.根据权利要求14所述的电外科手术器械,其中所述控制系统在所述第二模式下启动所述第一钳口和第二钳口的所述表面上的所述电极,所述被启动电极的极性与所述第一模式下的极性相反。
16.根据权利要求13所述的电外科手术器械,其中所述控制系统在所述第二模式下启动所述第一钳口和第二钳口的所述表面上的所述电极和至少一个钳口的表面内的电极中的至少一个电极。
17.根据权利要求1所述的电外科手术器械,其中所述器械主体包括:
由所述器械主体附装的轴向往复构件,所述往复构件能够打开和闭合所述钳口,并且
其中所述往复构件的轴向移动能够将对所述电外科手术表面的所述启动从所述第一模式切换至所述第二模式。
18.根据权利要求17所述的电外科手术器械,其中所述第一钳口和第二钳口各自包括多个电极,并且所述控制系统能够根据所述钳口的闭合百分比和在所述第一钳口与第二钳口之间捕获的组织的阻抗这二者中的至少一者启动不同组的电极。
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WO2009039179A1 (en) 2009-03-26
EP2197380A1 (en) 2010-06-23
US20090076506A1 (en) 2009-03-19
AU2008302317B2 (en) 2013-05-09
EP2197380A4 (en) 2012-12-19
EP2197380B1 (en) 2014-02-12
AU2008302317A1 (en) 2009-03-26

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