CN101785415A - Pruning method for improving yield of winter jujubes and reducing hazards of lygus lucorum - Google Patents
Pruning method for improving yield of winter jujubes and reducing hazards of lygus lucorum Download PDFInfo
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- CN101785415A CN101785415A CN 201010115914 CN201010115914A CN101785415A CN 101785415 A CN101785415 A CN 101785415A CN 201010115914 CN201010115914 CN 201010115914 CN 201010115914 A CN201010115914 A CN 201010115914A CN 101785415 A CN101785415 A CN 101785415A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a pruning method for improving the yield of winter jujubes and reducing hazards of lygus lucorum, which comprises the following steps: (1) performing winter pruning on the winter jujubes, and pruning residual stakes after the topping of jujube shoots is performed; (2) performing pre-bloom re-pruning on the winter jujubes; and (3) performing the topping of fruiting branches in the flowering phase. The pruning method effectively solves the problems that the jujube shoot residual stakes causing low yield inhibit the germination of the bearing branches, leaves are damaged in spring to form invalid branches, the fruit setting rate is reduced due to over-growth bearing branches and the like in the process of producing the winter jujubes. The residual stakes after the topping of the jujube shoots are pruned, so that the germination of the bearing branches can be promoted, the number of fruiting branches of the winter jujubes are increased, and simultaneously the ovum volume of the lygus lucorum is reduced; and the pre-bloom re-pruning in spring and the topping of the bearing branches can improve the fruit setting rate of the winter jujubes. The three measures can increase the fruiting quantity of the winter jujubes, so that the yield of the winter jujubes is improved, and simultaneously the hazards of the lygus lucorum can be reduced, and the method has important significance in the high-quality and high-efficient cultivation of the winter jujubes.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the agriculture and garden field, relate to the winter jujube, especially a kind of trimming method that improves yield of winter jujubes and reduce hazards of lygus lucorum.
Background technology
The winter jujube is the late-maturing jujube kind of eating raw of high-quality, and fruit exactly likes griggles, and the thin meat of skin is crisp, and the dense sweet little acid of taste is nutritious, rich vitamins C especially, and every 100g pulp contains vitamin C 381mg, and " vitamin pill of living " and " kings' of all kinds of fruits " title is arranged; The winter jujube also is rich in cyclic adenosine monophosphate, has very high health care and is worth, and therefore enjoys people to like.
From the end of the nineties in last century, the winter jujube has formed the development upsurge in China, and national winter jujube area under cultivation was more than 150 ten thousand mu in 2006, and Tianjin winter jujube area under cultivation is about 150,000 mu.Yet it is very few that the peasant in China's new development winter jujube producing region grasps winter jujube culture technique knowledge, and culture technique is seriously deficient, causes the winter jujube to exist on producing serious to yield poorly, poor quality, problem such as result not even.As the most jujube garden per mu yields of Tianjin Dagang District in 2006 100-250 kilogram only, the large tracts of land winter jujube per mu yield of Huanghua, Hebei province county has only about 100 kilograms, and there are 1,000,000 mu of the winter jujube cultivation areas that 3-5 gives birth in Shandong, and 50% tree not result or result are seldom wherein arranged.The low yield problem that solves in the winter jujube production has become the task of top priority that guarantees that China's winter jujube industry develops in a healthy way.
In the many reasons that cause winter jujube low yield, following Several Factors exists comparatively general, its influence is also bigger: 1, form many residual stakes after the pinching of jujube head, the existence of these residual stakes, suppressed that jujube hangs the sprouting of (fruit bearing shoot of jujube) below it, thereby reduced fruit bearing shoot quantity and result quantities and caused low yield.The position of laying eggs that these residual stakes also are the crushing insects of jujube tree " green plant bug ", the residual stake band of jujube head ovum rate is up to 54.9% according to investigations, and band ovum number can reach 800.The existence of residual stake can aggravate the harm of green plant bug, causes blade impaired, and flower abscission reduces percentage of fertile fruit and low yield.2, behind the jujube tree Germination to Frondescent in spring, because hazards of lygus lucorum, or cause poisoning because of the spray medicine is improper, and cause that the jujube tree blade is impaired or shrivelled to come off, make the jujube head can not normal growth, even formation polished rod branch, these branches become invalid branch because of blade can not carry out normal photosynthesis, and its existence can disperse to set spring the nutrition supply of body, and fights for the nutrition that the normal growth jujube hangs on, the nutrient that hangs of supply jujube is reduced, cause percentage of fertile fruit to reduce and cause low yield.3, the jujube garden that has is too much because of spraying gibberellin excessive concentration or number of times, causes jujube to hang prosperous growth and consumes a large amount of nutrition, and the bud that jujube hangs on comes off because of nutrition supply is not enough, reduces percentage of fertile fruit, causes low yield.
Above-mentioned several problem is the new problem that occurs during the winter jujube is produced in recent years, must solve, and could guarantee the normal growth of winter jujube tree and yield positive results, and reaches high yield, increases economic efficiency.By retrieval and investigation, find the record of the effective measures address the above problem at present as yet.
Summary of the invention
This invention is primarily aimed at the residual stake inhibition jujube that the pinching of jujube head forms in the winter jujube production and hangs sprouting, the impaired or excessive reason that causes low yields such as percentage of fertile fruit reduction of spray gibberellin of blade in spring, propose after the winter is wiped out the pinching of jujube head when cutting residual stake, spend preceding complex shears, jujube to hang three trimming measures such as pinching, the harm that purpose is to improve the output of winter jujube and alleviates green plant bug.
The present invention realizes that the technical scheme of purpose is:
A kind of trimming method that improves yield of winter jujubes and reduce hazards of lygus lucorum, trimming method comprises the steps:
⑴ carry out the winter pruning of winter jujube, wipes out the residual stake after the pinching of jujube head;
⑵ carry out complex shears before the winter jujube flower, promptly in bud apparition mid-May, with the blade breakage, blade is shrivelled or the branch of leaf abscission is cut the intersection of be injured blade and normal blade;
⑶ carry out the florescence jujube and hang pinching, promptly early June when jujube hung more than the prosperous 20cm of growing into and jujube when hanging the flower abscission at the following position of length 20cm, jujube furred ceiling point is extractd.
And the jujube furred ceiling point of described step ⑶ is extractd part comprises stem apex and top spire for the top 2-3cm.
Advantage of the present invention and good effect are:
The present invention efficiently solves that the residual stake of the jujube head that causes low yield that exists in the winter jujube production suppresses that jujube hangs that sproutings, invalid of the impaired formation of blade in spring and jujube hung prosperous growth and the problems such as percentage of fertile fruit reduction that cause, wipe out the residual stake of jujube head pinching and can promote the sprouting that jujube hangs, increased the fruit bearing shoot quantity of winter jujube, reduced green plant bug worm's ovum amount simultaneously, complex shears and jujube hang the percentage of fertile fruit that pinching all can improve the winter jujube before spending spring.This three measures can increase the result quantities of winter jujube, thereby improves the output of winter jujube, can alleviate the harm of green plant bug simultaneously, and is significant to the high-quality and efficient cultivation of winter jujube.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below by specific embodiment, and following examples are descriptive, is not determinate, can not limit protection scope of the present invention with this.
A kind of trimming method that improves yield of winter jujubes and reduce hazards of lygus lucorum comprises the steps:
⑴ carry out the winter pruning of winter jujube, wipes out the residual stake after the pinching of jujube head, and the residual stake that stays because of the pinching of jujube head is cut from its base portion, puts into small plastic bag and concentrate withdrawal to burn.
The pinching of jujube head is the conventional measure that improves percentage of fertile fruit in the winter jujube cultivation.The inventor finds that the residual stake after the pinching of jujube head is the main position that green plant bug lays eggs, and the existence of residual stake can suppress jujube thigh below it and sprout jujube and hang, and wipes out residual stake and can promote the sprouting that jujube hangs.This is not seen at present relevant report.
Wipe out residual stake effect: cut the winter jujube tree of residual stake, the living rate of taking out that the jujube thigh position jujube of residual stake bottom hangs reaches more than 90%, and the jujube of not cutting residual stake hangs takes out living rate less than 5%.Wipe out residual stake, the hibernating egg that can also reduce green plant bug reaches more than 80%, obviously alleviates the damage symptom of green plant bug, reduces the chemical control number of times, and the annual cost 48.3% of going and buy Chinese medicine and dropping into of saving has also reduced the pollution of chemical pesticide to fruit and environment simultaneously.
⑵ carry out the preceding complex shears of winter jujube flower, promptly in bud apparition mid-May, for the blade breakage, blade is shrivelled or the branch of leaf abscission is spent preceding complex shears, and the branch of being injured is retracted to the position of normal blade, just cuts the intersection of be injured blade and normal blade.
During the winter jujube is produced after the rudiment in spring following several situations can appear: the one, and because of hazards of lygus lucorum makes the blade breakage, or the jujube head of being injured can not grow blade and is the polished rod shape; The 2nd, because of the improper generation poisoning of going and buy Chinese medicine makes blade shrivelled or come off.The branch that these situations occur is impaired or on-bladed because of blade, and its synthetic organic nutrition can not satisfy self growth needs, thereby has become invalid branch.There is the supply that not only can disperse to set spring nutrient in the body in it, hangs on the organic nutrition of blade but also will fight for other normal jujubes, thereby the nutrition minimizing that jujube is hung on, and causes percentage of fertile fruit to reduce.
Complex shears effect before spending: can concentrate the jujube of nutrition supply normal growth to hang, improve the percentage of fertile fruit that jujube hangs.Simultaneously, the residual stake of the jujube head pinching of omitting when cutting for the winter also will continue to wipe out during complex shears before spending.
⑶ carry out the florescence jujube and hang pinching, promptly in early June, when jujube hung more than the prosperous 20cm of growing into, and jujube hangs the flower abscission at the following position of length 20cm, illustrate that use gibberellin is excessive, at this moment jujube furred ceiling point should be extractd, approximately extract top 2-3cm(and comprise stem apex and top spire).
Spraying gibberellin is one of major measure that improves winter jujube percentage of fertile fruit, and still, the excessive use gibberellin of peasant Chang Yin causes jujube to hang prosperous length aborning, consumes a large amount of nutrition, has reduced percentage of fertile fruit on the contrary.
The florescence jujube hangs the pinching effect: can make jujube hang the bud setting of later stage differentiation, adopt jujube to hang the pinching technology at the florescence and can improve more than 80% than not carrying out the percentage of fertile fruit that jujube hangs pinching.
Claims (2)
1. trimming method that improves yield of winter jujubes and reduce hazards of lygus lucorum, it is characterized in that: trimming method comprises the steps: that ⑴ carries out the winter pruning of winter jujube, wipes out the residual stake after the pinching of jujube head; ⑵ carry out complex shears before the winter jujube flower, promptly in bud apparition mid-May, with the blade breakage, blade is shrivelled or the branch of leaf abscission is cut the intersection of be injured blade and normal blade; ⑶ carry out the florescence jujube and hang pinching, promptly early June when jujube hung more than the prosperous 20cm of growing into and jujube when hanging the flower abscission at the following position of length 20cm, jujube furred ceiling point is extractd.
2. the trimming method of raising yield of winter jujubes according to claim 1 and minimizing hazards of lygus lucorum is characterized in that: the jujube furred ceiling point of described step ⑶ is extractd part comprises stem apex and top spire for the top 2-3cm.
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| CN2010101159144A CN101785415B (en) | 2010-03-02 | 2010-03-02 | Pruning method for improving yield of winter jujubes and reducing hazards of lygus lucorum |
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| CN2010101159144A CN101785415B (en) | 2010-03-02 | 2010-03-02 | Pruning method for improving yield of winter jujubes and reducing hazards of lygus lucorum |
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| CN101785415A true CN101785415A (en) | 2010-07-28 |
| CN101785415B CN101785415B (en) | 2011-04-13 |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106688601A (en) * | 2017-02-23 | 2017-05-24 | 中国农业科学院植物保护研究所 | Method for increasing parasitized rate of apolygus lucorum in cotton field |
| CN106941993A (en) * | 2017-03-01 | 2017-07-14 | 苏州梦龙文化旅游发展有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods for improving the natural percentage of fertile fruit of winter jujube |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101142889A (en) * | 2007-11-09 | 2008-03-19 | 湖南农业大学 | High-yield cultivating method for 'yuquan' winter jujube in south |
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Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101142889A (en) * | 2007-11-09 | 2008-03-19 | 湖南农业大学 | High-yield cultivating method for 'yuquan' winter jujube in south |
Non-Patent Citations (5)
| Title |
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| 《中国果树》 20070331 高梅秀等 冬枣生产中存在的问题及解决对策 47-48 1-2 , 第2期 * |
| 《中国果树》 20090731 刘涛，等 天津地区绿盲蝽世代与枣树物候期关系的研究 49-52 1-2 , 第4期 * |
| 《天津农学院学报》 20060930 高梅秀等 多年不结果的冬枣树优质高产栽培技术 13-16 1-2 第13卷, 第3期 * |
| 《天津农学院学报》 20090630 田小卫等 天津冬枣绿盲蝽的发生及综合防治 12-14 1-2 第16卷, 第2期 * |
| 《天津农林科技》 20090228 范会鲜等 提高冬枣坐果率的相关技术 23-25 1-2 , 第1期 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106688601A (en) * | 2017-02-23 | 2017-05-24 | 中国农业科学院植物保护研究所 | Method for increasing parasitized rate of apolygus lucorum in cotton field |
| CN106941993A (en) * | 2017-03-01 | 2017-07-14 | 苏州梦龙文化旅游发展有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods for improving the natural percentage of fertile fruit of winter jujube |
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| CN101785415B (en) | 2011-04-13 |
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Granted publication date: 20110413 Termination date: 20120302 |