CN105284517A

CN105284517A - Plantation and management method of apple trees

Info

Publication number: CN105284517A
Application number: CN201410376262.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 牛玉琴
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2014-08-03
Filing date: 2014-08-03
Publication date: 2016-02-03

Abstract

Provided is a plantation and management method of apple trees, pertaining to technical fields of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, hunting, trapping and fishing. The invention especially relates to a plantation method of apple trees.The invention provides a plantation and management method of apple trees featuring large fruits, good taste and high output. The plantation and management method of apple trees comprises following steps of: (1) generally drawing branches and twisting tips in the mid-to-end of June prior to flower bud differentiation at noon, the appropriate time because branches are soft, tough and not easily broken at noon; (2) performing shaping operation: the basic task of shaping and pruning work includes three aspects: first, cultivation of fine tree body structures; second, cultivation of fruiting branch groups in all varieties; third, balance of tree vigo; (3) performing girdling operation at the proper time of the last ten-day of June; (4) pruning. The girdling method is to peel barks off a circle at the base portion of robust trunks. The pruning operation comprises two kinds in winter and in summer. Sometimes, 'extending but not pruning' is categorized as a general pruning method.

Description

The plantation of a kind of apple tree and management method

Technical field

The invention belongs to agricultural; Forestry; Livestock breeding; Hunt; Trapping; Halieutics field, particularly relates to the implantation methods of apple tree.

Background technology

Apple is Common Fruits, has abundant nutrition composition, has dietotherapy, supplemental treatment function, is one of large fruit in the world four.Apple is common fruit, is also modal fruit, is rich in abundant vitamin, and the fruit of apple is rich in minerals and vitamins, is a kind of fruit that people are the most edible.Apple dietary fiber rich content, also containing a large amount of pectin, is very helpful for adjustment gut flora, often eats and can make skin more water profit.

Vitamin C in apple is the healthy element of cardiovascular patron saint, cardiac.The sweet acid of its nature and flavor and put down, micro-salty, nontoxic, have promote the production of body fluid to quench thirst, beneficial spleen antidiarrheal, harmonizing stomach and lowering adverse Qi effect.The people eating more apple is low more than the people not eating or eat less apple probability of catching a cold.So, there are scientist and doctor apple is called " omnibearing healthy fruit " or calls " general practitioner ".Air pollution is relatively serious, eats apple more and can improve respiratory system and PFT, and protection lung is from the impact of dust in air and flue dust.

Colloid in apple and trace element chromium can keep the stable of blood sugar, so the healthy snack of diabetic is not only by apple, and be that all want to control the requisite fruit of people of blood sugar, and it can also reduce cholesterol effectively.Apple can also give protection against cancer, anti-saturnism.The traditional Chinese medical science think apple have promote the production of body fluid to quench thirst, moistening lung relieving restlessness, invigorating spleen and reinforcing stomach, heart-nourishing and Qi-benefiting, ease constipation, antidiarrheal, relieving summer-heat, the effect such as to sober up.Urban life rhythm is very nervous, and the pressure of professional population is very large, and a lot of people has anxiety in various degree, melancholy, and at this moment pick up an apple and hear, unhealthy emotion will be alleviated to some extent, the merit simultaneously produced refreshing effect to the mind in addition.

Eat apple can lose weight, can help digest again.And containing multivitamin, mineral matter, carbohydrate, fat etc. in apple, be form the necessary nutrient component of brain.

Although apple has above many benefits, the implantation methods of existing apple tree also has problems, yielding poorly of apple, and easily occurs that fruit is little, the problem that mouthfeel is bad.

Summary of the invention

The present invention is exactly for the problems referred to above, provides that a kind of fruit is large, mouthfeel good and the plantation of a kind of apple tree that output is high and management method.

To achieve these goals, the present invention adopts following technical scheme.

The plantation of apple tree and a management method, comprise the following steps.

Namely (1) draw branch, turn round the tip, draw branch and turn round the tip that generally mid or late June carries out before flower bud differentiation, the time was advisable with noon, because branch at noon is soft, tough, not frangibility.The branch drawing branch generally angle to be less than 60 degree is opened a business to 80 to 90 degree; Turn round the tip to as if skeleton branch on strong branch base portion rugosity be 2 centimetres and be advisable to 5 centimetres, about revolving turnback when turning round the tip.Turn round base portion after a while and easily extract new vertical branch out, timely bud picking or be thinning out.

(2) shaping, the basic task of pruning can be summarized as following three aspects: one is cultivate good tree management, comprise dry height, tree body size, the quantity of skeleton branch and crotch angle etc., to increase dischargeable capacity solid in tree crown and to prevent plane result; Two is cultivate all kinds of fruit-bearing shoot cluster, makes full use of space, accomplishes many and not disorderly, close and do not squeeze; Three is balance tree vigo(u)rs, and the relation of growth regulation and result, maintains healthy and strong tree body, for result and high and stable yield lay the foundation ahead of time.

(3) band girdle, was advisable with late June.The method of band girdle is exactly, at the base portion of strong prosperous limb, bark is peelled off a circle, and width is according to tree body growing way, and branch thick is determined, can heal for principle to shell latter one month.Generally, slightly, the degree of depth is advisable to reach xylem for width and branch.If girdling two is enclosed, 5 to 10 centimetres, interval.

(4) prune, prune point winter pruning and summer pruning two class, the basic skills of winter pruning has cutting back, retraction and sparse branching, sometimes long put not cut be also placed in the trimming method of broad sense.Cutting back can divide again light to cut, in several different degree such as cut and heavily cut, thus its pruning reaction is also different.The light cutting back of branch or length are put, is conducive to relaxing branch gesture, tree vigo(u)r.

As a kind of preferred version, after entering the full bearing period, when phasing out into skill group result for time main, the auxiliary support branch of perennation to be cleared up year by year, bounces back and be transformed.Particularly canopy, the head that fall year by year is happy and open interlayer, makes light penetrate interior thorax.

Beneficial effect of the present invention.

The present invention adopts the implantation methods of science, there is provided a kind of, cheap, favourable minimizing air pollution, reduce the generation apple tree implantation methods of haze, modification agricultural crop straw performance of the adsorbent is stablized, the organic matters such as heavy metal ion and dyestuff have the adsorption capacity of wide spectrum, have and have good economic and social benefit; Apple tree leaf of the present invention is luxuriant, color is tender and crisp, and bud is many, and fruit mouthfeel is good, and nutrition is abundanter.

Embodiment

The plantation of a kind of apple tree of the present invention and management method, comprise the following steps.

Major Diseases on apple tree and insect pest major part are survived the winter all in the tree, and it is the key of sick worm generation in coming year weight, reduces these sick worm radixes, just can reduce the harm of sick worm, effectively control annual harm.Technical GPRS is scraped well, be coated with, spray, clearly.Scrape is exactly scrape rotten scab, always stick up skin, the sick knurl of ring spot; Being coated with is exactly be coated with to the sick scar of scraping the medicine protecting tree general and wait not only sterilization but also have diaphragm, smears callus corrosion prevention film to all saw kerfs of cutting; Spray is exactly that full garden is sprayed 3 ~ 5 Baume degrees lime sulfurs or 20 times of liquid Fubiqings or 800 times of liquid and made every effort to overcome well; Clear be exactly to sick branch, sick fruit, fallen leaves, always stick up skin and to clear up outside garden or buried on the spot.Controlling with scraping with discovery rot after the beginning of spring, peeling old man when sticking up micromicro to be put into germination and carrying out, because at this moment some natural enemies are come out of hibernation, too early incessanly oppose and also eliminated, wound is lost moisture outward.When carrying out above prophylactico-therapeutic measures, each step all will fully and completely, being meticulous and attending to minutes details in everything, do not stay dead angle, only in this way could reduce pathogen to greatest extent, reduce insect density, controls the development of disease worm.This work is well-done, and can reduce by 1 ~ 2 medication the whole year, the diseased plant rates such as rot control within 5%.

Claims

1. the plantation of apple tree and a management method, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps;

Namely (1) draw branch, turn round the tip, draw branch and turn round the tip that generally mid or late June carries out before flower bud differentiation, the time was advisable with noon, because branch at noon is soft, tough, not frangibility; The branch drawing branch generally angle to be less than 60 degree is opened a business to 80 to 90 degree; Turn round the tip to as if skeleton branch on strong branch base portion rugosity be 2 centimetres and be advisable to 5 centimetres, about revolving turnback when turning round the tip; Turn round base portion after a while and easily extract new vertical branch out, timely bud picking or be thinning out;

(2) shaping, the basic task of pruning can be summarized as following three aspects: one is cultivate good tree management, comprise dry height, tree body size, the quantity of skeleton branch and crotch angle etc., to increase dischargeable capacity solid in tree crown and to prevent plane result; Two is cultivate all kinds of fruit-bearing shoot cluster, makes full use of space, accomplishes many and not disorderly, close and do not squeeze; Three is balance tree vigo(u)rs, and the relation of growth regulation and result, maintains healthy and strong tree body, for result and high and stable yield lay the foundation ahead of time;

(3) band girdle, was advisable with late June; The method of band girdle is exactly, at the base portion of strong prosperous limb, bark is peelled off a circle, and width is according to tree body growing way, and branch thick is determined, can heal for principle to shell latter one month; Generally, slightly, the degree of depth is advisable to reach xylem for width and branch; If girdling two is enclosed, 5 to 10 centimetres, interval;

(4) prune, prune point winter pruning and summer pruning two class, the basic skills of winter pruning has cutting back, retraction and sparse branching, sometimes long put not cut be also placed in the trimming method of broad sense; Cutting back can divide again light to cut, in several different degree such as cut and heavily cut, thus its pruning reaction is also different; The light cutting back of branch or length are put, is conducive to relaxing branch gesture, tree vigo(u)r.

2. the plantation of a kind of apple tree and management method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: after entering the full bearing period, when phasing out into skill group result for time main, will clear up year by year the auxiliary support branch of perennation, bounce back and transforming; Particularly canopy, the head that fall year by year is happy and open interlayer, makes light penetrate interior thorax.