CN101785141A - 自支承单一馈电组件 - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01Q19/06—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens
- H01Q19/09—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens wherein the primary active element is coated with or embedded in a dielectric or magnetic material
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Abstract
一种用于反射器天线(34)的馈电组件(1),具有介电材料的单一部分(2),该单一部分的近端(12)配置用于与反射器天线连接。单一部分具有在近端和在远端(16)具有副反射器表面(18)的副反射器支承(14)之间延伸的波导部分(8)。波导部分和副反射器表面(18)覆盖有RF反射材料(4)。单一部分可以通过例如注射模制和/或机加工而成本有效地形成。或者,馈电组件可形成为喇叭馈电,而没有副反射器。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用于反射器天线的馈电组件。更特别地,本发明通过单一实心介电自支承馈电组件提供在反射器天线馈电组件电性能和成本效率方面的改进。
背景技术
许多广播和/或通信系统要求具有高度方向性的信号接收和/或发射特性的天线。反射器天线将碟状的反射器接收到的信号聚焦在中央安装的接收器的馈电喇叭上。因为碟状的反射器仅聚集从单一方向接收到的信号到接收器或者进一步定向信号到接收器的副反射器上,所以反射器天线是高度方向性的。当反射器天线用于发射信号时,信号反向传输,同样具有高度的方向性。
具有由波导支承和馈电的副反射器的反射器天线相对成本有效并允许例如发射器和/或接收器定位在反射器后部的容易接近的位置。该构型消除了对跨过反射器面从而部分地阻挡反射器的支承结构的需要,消除了与信号通过沿着支承结构布置的延伸的波导或者电缆有关的信号损失。具有大致圆形或者椭圆截面的波导提供具有双极化能力的天线。
具有自支承馈电的双极化的反射器天线的电性能典型地关于增益、交叉极化、边缘照射和返回损失特征进行测量。
先前的反射器天线馈电组件典型地包括通过定位副反射器在相对于波导末端的期望方向和距离的介电块而附着于波导的副反射器。或者,反射器天线可聚集信号在形成在波导末端的馈电喇叭或者单独支承的副反射器上,该副反射器接着聚集信号在馈电喇叭/波导上。当使用单独的馈电喇叭构型时,介电盖、天线罩或者其它环境密封件被应用以保护波导的开口端。
环境密封件、介电块、波导、副反射器和用于将部件固定在一起的任何的胶粘剂或者机械互锁之间的分界面产生阻抗不连续性,该阻抗不连续性是明显的返回损失源。再者,金属波导为具有明显厚度的典型结构元件,从而产生边缘辐射特征,该特征有助于天线信号图中的后瓣的产生。
Hills的如同本发明一样转让给CommScope Corporation of NorthCarolina公司的于2005年7月19日公布的美国专利6,919,855描述了在介电表面中结合有褶皱用于辐射图和返回损失优化的介电块。副反射器通过介电块的期望的副反射器表面的金属化而形成。
Lewry等人的如本发明一样转让给CommScope Corporation of NorthCarolina公司的于2006年1月10日公布的美国专利6,985,120描述一种反射器天线,其具有自支承的馈电组件,该组件形成为中空介电波导和在窄端耦合到反射器碟并在宽端结合到副反射器表面的锥。通过由介电材料通过注射模制形成,波导和副反射器表面具有薄的金属表面涂层以包含和反射射频信号。但是,沿着至少波导内径稍微的锥形,这是为了改进注射模制模具的分离,却会降级电性能。同样地,沿着锥和波导部分的介电质厚度在强度和阻抗不连续性之间进行折衷,其不增加额外的阻抗匹配元件则难以匹配。
反射器天线业内竞争把注意力集中在天线设计,其减少天线材料和制造成本但仍满足和/或改进严格的电气特性。
发明内容
因此,本发明的目的是提供一种克服现有技术的不足的装置。
附图说明
附图,其结合到说明书并作为说明书的一部分,示出本发明的实施例,并与上面给出的本发明的总体描述一起,以及下面给出的实施例的详细描述,用以解释本发明的原理。
图1是用于演示关于实心介电的和充注空气的圆形波导的波导直径的TE11和TM01模式的截止频率的图表。
图2是本发明的第一实施例的示意性轴测图。
图3是根据本发明的第一实施例的馈电组件的侧截面视图,其一半被移除以为了清楚。
图4是根据本发明的第一实施例的馈电组件的轴测剖面视图,其示出阻抗变换器的替代形式。
图5是根据本发明的第一实施例的馈电组件的轴测剖面视图,其示出阻抗变换器的另一替代形式。
图6是示出图2的馈电组件的计算的返回损失的图表。
图7是示出通过利用图2的馈电组件的180毫米的反射器天线的测量的辐射图的图表。
图8是本发明的第二实施例的示意性轴测视图。
图9是根据本发明的第二实施例的变体的馈电组件的侧截面视图,其一半被移除以为了清楚。
图10是结合图8的馈电组件的反射器天线的示意性侧剖面视图。
图11是本发明的第三实施例的示意性轴测图。
图12是根据本发明的第三实施例的侧截面视图,其一半被移除以为了清楚。
具体实施方式
圆形类型的波导可以选为馈电组件的馈电线,以为了能够进行双极化操作。波导内部的能量可以以不同的TE和TM模式进行传输,其确定关于能量传播方向的电场和磁场矢量的方向。
在介电质充填的圆形波导中的每个模式的截止频率通过波导的内径以及材料的介电属性确定。以特定模式在波导中传播的能量的振幅和相位取决于波导的尺度、存在于波导中的任何不连续性以及操作频率。因为其具有最低的截止频率,圆形波导中的基模是TE11。圆形波导中的下一截止频率是用于TM01。用于在空气充填和介电质充填(Er=2.54)的开口端的圆形波导中的传播的TE11和TM01模的截止频率示出在图1中。
传播的特定模式的波导的截止频率以上的能量衰减取决于存在于波导中的介电质的损耗角正切、边界的传导损失和波导直径。因此,优选低损失的介电质和波导侧壁的良好的传导性。随着波导的直径减小,传导损失会增大,介电损失会减小。因此,如果波导充填有介电质,从模式和波导衰减的观点,对于选择波导的直径,则需要进行平衡。
发明人已经认识到,通过限制圆形波导的直径,对于给定的介电材料,更高阶模式可以被排除,然后基于传播的已知基模进行设计。因此,在实心介电波导的出口处的开口场分布可以容易地模型化。例如,来自充填有空气或者实心介电质的开口端圆形波导(直径=7.04毫米)的通过利用有限差分时域(FDTD)方法进行计算的28GHz辐射图为大致相等的,因为更高阶模没有被激发。
如图2和3所示,用于反射器天线的馈电组件1可以形成为介电材料的单一部分2,其具有覆盖外表面涂覆区域6和副反射器表面18的射频(RF)反射材料4以形成波导部分8和副反射器10。
波导部分8的近端12适于安装到反射器天线和/或过渡元件例如反射器天线的适配器毂30(见图8)。近端12和反射器天线安装点可以配置用于经由干涉配合、机械互锁、胶粘剂等的简化的插入式耦合。波导部分8展开为具有远端16的副反射器表面18的圆锥状副反射器支承14,该副反射器表面18在涂有RF反射材料4时变为副反射器10,其定位和尺度合适以从波导部分8分配RF信号到反射器碟,反之亦然。
阻抗变换器22,如在图4和5中最好地示出,可以形成在波导部分8的近端12中以最小化馈电组件和RF信号的进一步路径之间的阻抗不匹配。近端12同样可以形成为过渡元件,例如在接收器、发射器或者收发器设备与圆形和矩形波导或者其它周边的分界面之间。
馈电组件1可以通过例如将单一部分2从一块介电材料机加工到期望尺度和/或通过注射模制形成。因为馈电组件1是实心的,具有最少的影响注射模具分离或者复杂的机械机加工技术的内腔或者其它特征,制造大大简化。优选地,选取的介电材料是没有孔的以最小化阻抗不连续性的存在。
馈电组件1的期望部分的以RF反射材料4的涂覆可以通过金属化、电镀、喷漆或者施加金属带而执行。在施加金属化的场合,生成的涂层可以非常薄,从而导致在波导部分8的远端16和副反射器10外边缘的最小的边缘衍射信号图案降级。为了提高图案控制,非均质的阻抗边界可以通过过模制副反射器支承14而得以增加。可以施加作为RF反射材料4的金属和合金包括,例如,铝、铜、银和金。为了最小化氧化,RF反射材料可以以氧气和/或水屏蔽涂覆而进一步密封。
能够通过金属化获得的薄的RF反射材料4涂层还具有增加最小的总重到生成的馈电组件1的优势,其降低选取用于馈电组件1的单一部分2的介电材料的必要结构特性。
本发明人测试了用于反射器天线的28GHz(27.5-28.35GHz)的实心介电馈电组件1,其总体如图2所示。“RexoliteTM”(Er=2.54),由与二乙烯基苯交联的聚苯乙烯形成的微波质量的聚合物用作聚合物实心介电材料。波导部分8和副反射器10通过用铜金属化外表面区域涂覆区域6和副反射器表面18而形成。生成的馈电组件1的FDTD计算的返回损失的结果示出在图6中。通过利用图2的馈电组件1构型,180毫米反射器天线的测量的辐射图示出在图7中。
在本发明的另一实施例中,如图8和9所示,褶皱24可以施加到副反射器支承14外表面26以改善生成的馈电组件的信号图和返回损失优化。这些特征可以通过由多个部分组成的模具注射模制和/或是以额外的制造步骤通过对模制的单一部分2机加工为褶皱。大量的特定副反射器支承14和/或副反射器表面18褶皱24构型及其对电性能的影响详细描述在US6,919,855中,因此在此不再进一步解释。
将图8的实心介电馈电组件1的毂30插入到反射器34的示例性底座32中得到的反射器天线的例子示出在图10中。或者,毂30可以被省略,馈电组件1直接耦合到底座32。本领域技术人员将认识到,介电馈电组件1可以最少时间和费用地快速组装和/或更换以根据特定安装和工作频率的要求配置反射器天线,从而大大降低库存和供货商要求携带的备件的范围和成本。
如图11所示,本发明可以配置为没有一体的副反射器10作为馈电喇叭。根据本发明的馈电喇叭类型的自支承馈电组件1的重要优点是消除了先前为了保护开口波导端而对环境密封的要求。再者,褶皱24被示出,其在单一部分2的远端16施加到直径逐渐变大的同心台阶28。当沿着生成的馈电组件1的纵轴没有悬垂边缘时,这些褶皱24可以通过由两个部件组成的模具注射模制和/或机加工而容易地形成。RF反射材料4施加到从近端12延伸到远端16并包括同心台阶的外表面涂覆区域。
从前面的内容来看,显然,本发明为本领域提供了一种具有改进的电性能、改进的结构一体性和明显的制造成本效率的馈电组件1。根据本发明的馈电组件是坚固、重量轻且永久环境密封的部件,其可以以非常高级别精度地成本有效地重复制造。
可能的应用包括卫星通信和地面点对点系统例如WiMax或者数字移动电视,其在1到80GHz的频率操作。
部件表
1 | 馈电组件 |
2 | 单一部分 |
4 | RF反射材料 |
6 | 外表面涂覆区域 |
8 | 波导部分 |
10 | 副反射器 |
12 | 近端 |
14 | 副反射支承 |
16 | 远端 |
1 | 馈电组件 |
18 | 副反射表面 |
22 | 阻抗变换器 |
24 | 褶皱 |
26 | 外表面 |
28 | 同心台阶 |
30 | 毂 |
32 | 基座 |
34 | 反射器 |
在前面的描述中在涉及具有已知等效物的比率、整数、部件或者模块的场合,这样的等效物在此被包括进来,如同单独提出一样。
在该描述中指出的每一专利在此被全文引入作为参考,如同每个专利在此被完全地提出用于所有的每个公开或者如同特别地和单独地指出引用作为参考一样。
尽管已经通过其实施例的描述示出本发明,并且尽管相当详细地描述了实施例,但是申请人并不意在限制或者以任何方式缩限所附权利要求的范围到这样的细节。其它的优点和修改对于本领域技术人员来说是容易的。因此,本发明在其更广的方面并不限于特定细节、代表性的设备、方法以及示出和描述的示例性的例子。相应地,可以偏离这些细节而不偏离申请人的总体发明构思的精神或者范围。再者,应当认识到,可以对其进行改进和/或修改,而不脱离权利要求所限定的本发明的范围或者精神。
Claims (20)
1.一种用于反射器天线的馈电组件,包括:
介电材料的单一部分,该单一部分的近端配置用于与所述反射器天线连接,
所述单一部分具有在所述近端和在所述远端具有副反射器表面的副反射器支承之间延伸的波导部分;
所述波导部分和所述副反射器表面覆盖有RF反射材料。
2.如权利要求1所述的馈电组件,进一步包括在所述近端的阻抗变换器。
3.如权利要求1所述的馈电组件,其中,所述反射材料是金属涂层。
4.如权利要求3所述的馈电组件,其中,所述金属涂层是铝、铜、银和金之一。
5.如权利要求1所述的馈电组件,其中,所述介电材料是没有孔的。
6.如权利要求1所述的馈电组件,进一步包括在所述副反射器支承的外表面的多个褶皱。
7.如权利要求1所述的馈电组件,进一步包括在所述副反射器表面中的多个褶皱。
8.如权利要求1所述的馈电组件,进一步包括与近端集成的过渡元件。
9.一种用于制造用于反射器天线的馈电组件的方法,包括以下步骤:
形成介电材料的单一部分,所述单一部分具有在近端和在远端具有副反射器表面的副反射器支承之间延伸的波导部分;以及
用RF反射材料覆盖波导部分和副反射器表面。
10.如权利要求9所述的方法,其中,所述覆盖是通过金属化。
11.如权利要求9所述的方法,其中,所述覆盖是通过施加金属带。
12.如权利要求9所述的方法,进一步包括在近端形成阻抗变换器的步骤。
13.如权利要求9所述的方法,进一步包括在副反射器支承的外表面中形成多个褶皱。
14.如权利要求13所述的方法,其中,所述形成多个褶皱是通过机加工所述单一部分。
15.如权利要求9所述的方法,其中,所述形成是经由注射模制。
16.如权利要求9所述的方法,其中,所述形成是通过机加工介电块。
17.如权利要求9所述的方法,其中,所述介电材料是与二乙烯基苯交联的聚苯乙烯。
18.如权利要求9所述的方法,其中,所述介电材料具有小于3的介电常数。
19.一种馈电组件,包括
介电材料的单一部分,其具有近端和远端,该单一部分具有在所述近端和在远端的多个直径逐渐变大的同心台阶之间延伸的波导部分;
所述波导部分的外表面涂覆区域和所述同心台阶覆盖有RF反射材料。
20.如权利要求19所述的馈电组件,进一步包括在所述同心台阶上的褶皱,所述褶皱平行于所述单一部分的纵轴延伸。
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US11/779,064 US7907097B2 (en) | 2007-07-17 | 2007-07-17 | Self-supporting unitary feed assembly |
US11/779,064 | 2007-07-17 | ||
PCT/IB2008/052518 WO2009010894A2 (en) | 2007-07-17 | 2008-06-24 | Self-supporting unitary feed assembly |
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US (1) | US7907097B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP2171794A2 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN101785141A (zh) |
BR (1) | BRPI0813509A2 (zh) |
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- 2008-06-24 WO PCT/IB2008/052518 patent/WO2009010894A2/en active Application Filing
- 2008-06-24 MX MX2010000579A patent/MX2010000579A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2008-06-24 EP EP08776478A patent/EP2171794A2/en not_active Ceased
- 2008-06-24 BR BRPI0813509-6A2A patent/BRPI0813509A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
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CN101976766A (zh) * | 2010-09-07 | 2011-02-16 | 京信通信系统(中国)有限公司 | 超高性能微波天线及其馈源组件 |
CN101976766B (zh) * | 2010-09-07 | 2014-06-11 | 京信通信系统(中国)有限公司 | 超高性能微波天线及其馈源组件 |
CN104205497A (zh) * | 2012-04-17 | 2014-12-10 | 安德鲁有限责任公司 | 可注射成型的锥形辐射器次反射器组件 |
CN102931493A (zh) * | 2012-11-07 | 2013-02-13 | 京信通信系统(中国)有限公司 | 天线及其馈源组件 |
CN102956976A (zh) * | 2012-11-07 | 2013-03-06 | 京信通信系统(中国)有限公司 | 天线及其馈源组件 |
CN102956976B (zh) * | 2012-11-07 | 2015-06-17 | 京信通信系统(中国)有限公司 | 天线及其馈源组件 |
CN102931493B (zh) * | 2012-11-07 | 2015-06-17 | 京信通信系统(中国)有限公司 | 天线及其馈源组件 |
CN104919646A (zh) * | 2013-11-19 | 2015-09-16 | 康普技术有限责任公司 | 模块化馈电组件 |
CN109643855A (zh) * | 2017-06-30 | 2019-04-16 | 华为技术有限公司 | 多频段天线的天馈组件和多频段天线 |
CN109643855B (zh) * | 2017-06-30 | 2020-06-26 | 华为技术有限公司 | 多频段天线的天馈组件和多频段天线 |
US11139584B2 (en) | 2017-06-30 | 2021-10-05 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Antenna feeder assembly of multi-band antenna and multi-band antenna |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
MX2010000579A (es) | 2010-04-30 |
US20090021442A1 (en) | 2009-01-22 |
EP2171794A2 (en) | 2010-04-07 |
WO2009010894A3 (en) | 2009-03-12 |
BRPI0813509A2 (pt) | 2015-01-06 |
WO2009010894A2 (en) | 2009-01-22 |
US7907097B2 (en) | 2011-03-15 |
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