CN101743935A - Method for raising earthworms in forest - Google Patents
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- CN101743935A CN101743935A CN 200910200967 CN200910200967A CN101743935A CN 101743935 A CN101743935 A CN 101743935A CN 200910200967 CN200910200967 CN 200910200967 CN 200910200967 A CN200910200967 A CN 200910200967A CN 101743935 A CN101743935 A CN 101743935A
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for raising earthworms in forest according to the features of the ecological environment in forest and the law of earthworm growth in combination with the demands of ecological, economic and social development at present. Earthworms are positioned into the forest and then raised in a scattered way in order to create an appropriate raising environment in the forest. On the basis of the advantages of high economic benefit, simple management requirement, easy operation and mastering of technology, strong operability of in-forest production and good ecological benefit, earthworms are positioned into the forest for production, and simultaneously, the invention also provides a technology for raising earthworms in forest. Field tests prove that the technology can improve the survival rate and the yield factor of earthworms and has a remarkable effect on soil improvement.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to sylvan life ecological industry Economic Development Mode and supporting technology, particularly produce the cultural technique of a kind of high added value earthworm about sylvan life.
Background technology
Strengthening ecological construction, safeguard ecological safety, is the common theme that the 21 century mankind face.Forestry development is the main body of ecological construction.The target of China's ecological construction is: strove 2010, China's forest coverage is reached more than 19%; To the year two thousand twenty, forest coverage is reached more than 23%; To the year two thousand fifty, forest coverage is reached and be stabilized in more than 26%, realize with beautiful landscapely substantially, ecological ragime is stepped into benign cycle, and the forestry products imbalance between supply and demand is eased, and builds up more complete forest ecology system and relatively advanced forestry industry system.Forest to improvement beautify the environment, purify air, aspect such as water and soil conservation and water conservation brought into play important effect.Yet because economy is low relatively, the cycle of economy return is long, causes the maintenance problem to become increasingly conspicuous, and the comprehensive benefit in ecological forest value and forest land is low.Therefore,, shorten the economy return cycle of investment, occurred many sylvan life Economic Development Mode and technology in succession in order to improve the output of forest economy.Main forms is that sylvan life is cultured, it comprise woods raise grow, woods fowl is cultured and sylvan life special cultivation etc.Sylvan life is cultured as a kind of recycling economy pattern, be to be support with the forest land resource, with science and technology is support, make full use of the sylvan life natural conditions, select to be fit to domestic animal, the poultry species that sylvan life is cultured, rationally culture, both can make up the stable ecosystem, increase the forest land bio-diversity, opened up new approach for developing rural economy again, can become the effective way of increasing farmers' income.
The main breeding pattern of the economy of development sylvan life both at home and abroad has at present: (1) woods bacterium pattern.Utilize that air humidity is big under the woods shade, oxygen is sufficient, characteristics that intensity of illumination is low, day and night temperature is little, and the discarded branch in forest land is the part source of nutrition are edible mushrooms such as the underwood planting agaricus bisporus of closing, Ji mushroom, flat mushroom, mushrooms.(2) woods is herded pattern.Put in a suitable place to breed or stable breeding beef cattle, milk cow, mutton sheep, meat rabbit, meat goose, fryer, meat duck etc. in sylvan life, effectively utilize the many resources of sylvan life insect, small animal and weeds.(3) woods medicine pattern.Plant the root of herbaceous peony, honeysuckle of comparatively anti-shade etc. between on the slash.(4) woods grain pattern.Small coarse cereals such as the mung bean that the sylvan life interplanting is general, pea.(5) woods oil pattern.Oil crop belong to the shallow root crop, have nitrogen-fixing rhizobia, do not strive fertilizer with forest and strive water, and cover the face of land again, prevent erosion, and increase soil fertility, generally based on peanut, soybean.(6) woods dish pattern.Different light requirement characteristics strong and weak according to woodland illumination and various vegetables are scientifically selected kinds of planting, kind, develop anti-shady vegetables, flower planting.(7) woods grass pattern.Promptly, plant different types of high quality forage selectively, as alfalfa etc. in the forest land of crown density below 80%.(8) composite mode.Promptly comprise above several comprehensive pattern, form solid or circulation breeding pattern.As utilize the herbage of underwood planting, as Herbivore feeds such as milk cow, sheep, geese, herd animals such as goose; Utilize the forest branch of pruning to pulverize as the Bag Material of planting edible mushroom, the Bag Material discarded object that utilizes Edible Fungi also can be used as the feed resource of aquatic products as sylvan life herbage or tree growth nutrition.
Above pattern has played certain effect at development sylvan life economic aspect, promote 10,000 mu of sylvan lifes breed as support goose with sylvan life, putting goose in a suitable place to breed with sylvan life is example, meat goose 20 plumages are put in every mu of forest land every year in a suitable place to breed, year can raise more than 200,000 plumages, directly the output value is 2,800 ten thousand yuan, 1,000 ten thousand yuan of profits, 1000 yuan of every mu of economic benefits.But sylvan life is supported fowl, sylvan life stock keeping isotype problem the more, and it is high mainly to show as investment, and return rate is low, and technical difficulty is big, the management expectancy height, and the great epidemic disease control of eqpidemic disease and livestock and poultry is difficult, cultures a series of problems such as risk is big.And for example sylvan life kind grass, kind medicine isotype, these sylvan life patterns and technology operability in sylvan life is produced is not strong, and benefit is hanged down inferior problem, is difficult to large tracts of land and promotes and use.At present, vermiculture also mainly adopts composting feces of livestock and poultry method breeding earthworm, or adopts composting crops straw and feces of livestock and poultry method to come breeding earthworm, and the technology of utilizing the sylvan life space resources and carry out vermiculture under the sylvan life ecotope still is a blind spot.Therefore, explore a kind of novel raising earthworms in forest pattern and supporting technology, substitute traditional sylvan life Economic Development Mode and technology, forestry sustainable development is had great importance.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to set up a kind of raising earthworms in forest innovation mode and technology, solved that traditional sylvan life breeding benefit is low, management difficulty is big, operability is not strong, drop into difficult problems such as yield risk is big, can change the sylvan life soil structure again and increase soil fertility, improve the sylvan life ecological environment of soil.This technology can realize disposable input, is benefited for many years.
The present invention provides following technical scheme for solving the problems of the technologies described above:
A kind of sylvan life earthworm (Pheretima sp.) cultural method is raised earthworm scattered meeting under the environment of following cultivating condition.
1) the sylvan life soil moisture content keeps 20%-80%;
2) irrigation and drainage ditch between sylvan life tree ridge;
3) between the tree ridge, establish heatable adobe sleeping platform, supply the mound of earthworm life-saving when placing an amount of raining on the ridge every 5-10 rice.
4) after being put into the forest land, earthworm earthworm kind cultures.
When low and soil is comparatively dry when the agricultural land soil water content, can need the regimen condition control in conjunction with crop by conventional meanses such as field irrigations.
Heatable adobe sleeping platform between described tree ridge is preferably that 0.5-1.0m is wide, 0.2-0.4 rice is dark.Heatable adobe sleeping platform is to be advisable apart from tree 0.5-3.0 rice.
The mound of placing on the described ridge, preferable, the mound arrangement is turtleback shape.For easy to operate, mound can adopt to be established mound that heatable adobe sleeping platform digs out and puts and form.
Preferable, for further improving earthworm output, can suitably apply fertilizer.
Described fertilizer can be selected from deadwood leaf, crops straw, barnyard manure, feces of livestock and poultry and commodity fertilizer, and is preferable, and fertilizer is selected from pig manure and sheep excrement.Apply fertilizer and also can adopt sylvan life interplanting green manure, herbage, leguminous plant such as clover, green soy bean, perennial ryegrass etc. to carry out, preferred, be the interplanting green soy bean.The amount of application of fertilizer is that unleavened feces of livestock and poultry amount of application is more than 4000 kilograms, or the fertilizer of other kinds is more than 2000 kilograms, applies for 2-4 time fraction of the year of 1.
The organic fertilizer application method can be put into the fertilising heatable adobe sleeping platform, also can be applied in the ranks, but fertilizer will hide with plastic film, in order to avoid cause secondary pollution.
The injected volume of earthworm earthworm kind is generally every mu of forest land of 100-300kg.
After earthworm is raised, adopt the wheat bran that fries to add the soybean cake powder that fries on a small quantity, the branch point-like is spread on soil surface, and earthworm is realized trapping.Every mu of ground earthworm bait can be spread on many places, and every place bait weight is 1kg-10kg.
The earthworm earthworm kind that the present invention is fit to raise comprises medicinal earthworm and feed of animal origin earthworm.The forest land of using can be forest form structures such as the various ecological forests, economic forest.
Method for raising earthworms in forest of the present invention also can be used for improveing timbered soil.
Effect of the present invention is:
1: earthworm output capacity height: every mu of bright earthworm output capacity in forest land can reach 1: 6.
2: convenient management: earthworm is placed easy, only need put into the forest land to earthworm and get final product, and can enrich stalk, organic manure or interplanting crop to the forest land as required and eat for earthworm, technology grasp easy to operate, the sylvan life production operation is easy, saves time, laborsaving.
3: good in economic efficiency: every mu of forest land vermiculture net profit can reach more than 3000 yuan, and can reduce earthworm earthworm kind cost after 1 year, and therefore, the later stage economic benefit is more remarkable.
4: profitable on ecology:, cause problems such as soil structure and fertility difference because the forest land used can not be dredged land reform soil for a long time.Earthworm has chesson, increases the effect of soil fertility, and therefore, vermiculture can not produce environment and pollute, and can increase soil fertility, has the effect of improving the soil.
Embodiment
Raising earthworms in forest pattern and the supporting technology enumerated among the embodiment are applicable to forest form structures such as the ecological forest, economic forest, and earthworm comprises medicinal earthworm and feed of animal origin earthworm, and the raising earthworms in forest technology.Its characteristics are: require the sylvan life ground moistening, soil moisture content requires to remain on 20%-80%; The irrigation and drainage ditch is unobstructed between sylvan life tree ridge; At the heatable adobe sleeping platform that digs that 0.5-1.0m is wide, 0.2-1.0 rice is dark, is advisable apart from about the tree 0.5-3 rice every 5-10m between the tree ridge, the soil that digs out is placed on the ridge, is paved into turtleback shape so that when raining for the earthworm life-saving, heatable adobe sleeping platform can be placed organic manure and be used to the earthworm of feeding, and fertilizer can absorb for trees.It is 100-300kg that every mu of forest land earthworm is placed weight, the earthworm feedstuff source is mainly deadwood leaf, crops straw, barnyard manure, feces of livestock and poultry, commodity fertilizer or sylvan life interplanting green manure, herbage etc., for increasing forest land earthworm quantum of output, unleavened feces of livestock and poultry amount of application is more than 4000 kilograms, or commodity fertilizer or compost made of stalks etc. are more than 2000 kilograms, apply for 2-4 time fraction of the year of 1.The fertilizer application process can be put into fertilising hole, also can be applied in the ranks, but fertilizer will hide with plastic film, in order to avoid cause secondary pollution.
The present invention is according to sylvan life ecotope characteristics and earthworm growth-development law, and a cover raising earthworms in forest pattern and a supporting technology that proposes in conjunction with current ecology, socio-economic development demand.It is easy in line with economic benefit height, management expectancy, characteristics such as workable, profitable on ecology are produced in technology grasp easy to operate, sylvan life, earthworm is introduced sylvan life production, simultaneously the raising earthworms in forest technology of Ti Chuing.Through field trial, this technology can improve survival rate and the output capacity of earthworm, and reclamation result is remarkable.
Embodiment 1-9
The raising condition:
Control sylvan life soil moisture content is 20%-80%;
The irrigation and drainage ditch is unobstructed between sylvan life tree ridge;
Between the tree ridge, dig the heatable adobe sleeping platform that 0.5-1.0 rice is wide, 0.2-1.0 rice is dark, distance is set 0.5-3.0 rice every 5-10 rice, the soil that digs out is placed on the ridge, is paved into turtleback shape so that when raining for the earthworm life-saving, heatable adobe sleeping platform can be placed organic manure and be used to the earthworm of feeding, and fertilizer can absorb for trees.
It is 100-300kg that every mu of forest land earthworm is placed weight, the earthworm feedstuff source is as shown in table 1, be mainly deadwood leaf, crops straw, barnyard manure, feces of livestock and poultry, commodity fertilizer or sylvan life interplanting green manure, herbage etc., for increasing forest land earthworm quantum of output, every mu of forest land organic manure application rate is that unleavened feces of livestock and poultry amount of application is 4000 kilograms, or 2000 kilograms of the fertilizers of other kinds, apply for 2-4 time fraction of the year of 1.The fertilizer application process can be put into the fertilising hole, also can be applied in the ranks, and fertilizer hides with plastic film, in order to avoid cause secondary pollution.
Add the soybean cake powder that fries on a small quantity from throwing in the earthworm kind after 1 year, adopt the wheat bran that fries, the branch point-like is spread on soil surface, and every mu of ground earthworm bait is spread on about 10 places, and every place bait weight is 1kg-10kg.Collect earthworm and counting.
As can be seen from Table 1, different organic materials are different to earthworm output capacity influence with the interplanting crop, and wherein best with pig manure, cow dung effect, earthworm output capacity height reaches 1: 8.1 respectively and 1: 7.9; The interplanting of sylvan life crop is better with the green soy bean effect, and the earthworm output capacity is 1: 4.9.
The organic property of table 1 separate sources fertilizer is used the influence to the earthworm output capacity
| Example | Handle | Earthworm year input and output ratio |
| ??1 | Ck (not feeding) | ??1∶4.1 |
| ??2 | Rice and wheat straw | ??1∶5.1 |
| ??3 | Pig manure | ??1∶8.1 |
| ??4 | Cow dung | ??1∶7.9 |
| ??5 | Chicken manure | ??1∶6.1 |
| ??6 | The sheep excrement | ??1∶4.9 |
| ??7 | Green manure (clover) | ??1∶4.6 |
| ??8 | Green soy bean | ??1∶4.9 |
| ??9 | Perennial ryegrass | ??1∶4.7 |
As can be seen from Table 2, raising earthworms in forest can improve soil quality, and the sylvan life breeding earthworm bulk density of soil and contrast (not culturing) are respectively 1.19g/cm
3And 1.22g/cm
3The comparison of the earthworm bulk density of soil is according to having reduced by 2.46%, and soil general porosity, hollow billet voidage, soil organic matter content and cation exchange capacity are all compared according to increasing, comparison is according to having improved 2.50%, 4.15%, 3.67% and 3.93% respectively, the soil of culturing earthworm is soft, and the sylvan life soil of breeding earthworm is not still than consolidation, and therefore, the earthworm sylvan life is cultured has loose soil property and the effect that improves soil quality.
Table 2 vermiculture is to the influence of sylvan life soil quality
| Handle | Unit weight g/cm 3 | General porosity % | Hollow billet voidage % | Organic g/kg | Cation exchange capacity me/100g | The loose soil tightness |
| Contrast | ??1.22 | ??54.86 | ??41.65 | ??1.09 | ??17.8 | More real |
| Vermiculture | ??1.19 | ??56.23 | ??43.38 | ??1.13 | ??18.5 | Softer |
Claims (12)
1. method for raising earthworms in forest, raise earthworm under the environment of following cultivating condition scattered meeting:
1) the sylvan life soil moisture content keeps 20%-80%;
2) irrigation and drainage ditch between sylvan life tree ridge;
3) between the tree ridge, establish heatable adobe sleeping platform, supply the mound of earthworm life-saving when placing an amount of raining on the ridge every 5-10 rice.
4) after being put into the forest land, earthworm earthworm kind cultures.
2. method for raising earthworms in forest according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described heatable adobe sleeping platform is that 0.5-1.0 rice is wide, and 0.2-1.0 rice is dark.
3. as method for raising earthworms in forest as described in the claim 2, it is characterized in that: described heatable adobe sleeping platform is apart from tree 0.5-3.0 rice.
4. method for raising earthworms in forest according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described mound is a turtleback shape, establishes mound that heatable adobe sleeping platform digs out for employing and puts and form.
5. method for raising earthworms in forest according to claim 1 is characterized in that the injected volume of described earthworm earthworm kind is every mu of forest land of 100-300kg.
6. as method for raising earthworms in forest as described in arbitrary claim among the claim 1-5, it is characterized in that: also suitably apply fertilizer during breeding earthworm or interplant other plant species.
7. as method for raising earthworms in forest as described in the claim 6, it is characterized in that, described fertilizer can be selected from deadwood leaf, crops straw, barnyard manure, feces of livestock and poultry and commodity fertilizer, interplants other plant species and interplants green manure, herbage or fabaceous mode with sylvan life and carry out.
8. as method for raising earthworms in forest as described in the claim 7, it is characterized in that described fertilizer is selected from pig manure and sheep excrement, described sylvan life cover plant species is selected from clover, green soy bean and perennial ryegrass.
9. as method for raising earthworms in forest as described in claim 7 or 8, it is characterized in that the amount of application of described fertilizer is: unleavened feces of livestock and poultry amount of application is more than 4000 kilograms, or the fertilizer of other kinds is more than 2000 kilograms, applies for 2-4 time fraction of the year of 1.
10. as method for raising earthworms in forest as described in the claim 9, it is characterized in that described organic fertilizer application method is for putting into heatable adobe sleeping platform or being applied in the ranks, fertilizer hides with plastic film, in order to avoid cause secondary pollution.
11., it is characterized in that the collection method after earthworm is raised is as method for raising earthworms in forest as described in the arbitrary claim of claim 1-10: adopt the wheat bran that fries to add the soybean cake powder that fries, branchs point-like is spread on soil surface, and earthworm is realized traping.
12. be used to improve timbered soil as method for raising earthworms in forest as described in the arbitrary claim of claim 1-11.
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Owner name: SHANGHAI LANHUI AGRO-ECOLOGY TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD. Free format text: FORMER OWNER: TAO XIAOBIN Effective date: 20130422 Owner name: SHANGHAI ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES Free format text: FORMER OWNER: LV WEIGUANG Effective date: 20130422 |
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Free format text: CORRECT: ADDRESS; FROM: 201106 MINHANG, SHANGHAI TO: 200000 MINHANG, SHANGHAI Free format text: CORRECT: INVENTOR; FROM: LV WEIGUANG TAO XIAOBIN TO: LV WEIGUANG TAO XIAOBIN LI SHUANGXI ZHENG XIANQING |
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Effective date of registration: 20130422 Address after: 200000 No. 2901 Zhai Road, Minhang District, Shanghai Applicant after: Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences Applicant after: Shanghai Lanhui Agriculture and Ecology Technology Co., Ltd. Applicant after: Shanghai Bolang Ecology and Agriculture Technology Co., Ltd. Address before: 201106 room 27, No. 2900, Lane 401, Zhai Zhai Road, Minhang District, Shanghai Applicant before: Lv Weiguang Applicant before: Tao Xiaobin |
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Owner name: SHANGHAI LANHUI AGRO-ECOLOGY TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD. Free format text: FORMER OWNER: SHANGHAI LANHUI AGRO-ECOLOGY TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD. SHANGHAI LANGBO ECOLOGICAL AGRICULTURE TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD. Effective date: 20140804 |
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Effective date of registration: 20140804 Address after: 200000 No. 2901 Zhai Road, Minhang District, Shanghai Patentee after: Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences Patentee after: Shanghai Lanhui Agriculture and Ecology Technology Co., Ltd. Patentee after: Shanghai Bolang Ecology and Agriculture Technology Co., Ltd. Patentee after: Shanghai Keyuan Seed Co., Ltd. Address before: 200000 No. 2901 Zhai Road, Minhang District, Shanghai Patentee before: Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences Patentee before: Shanghai Lanhui Agriculture and Ecology Technology Co., Ltd. Patentee before: Shanghai Bolang Ecology and Agriculture Technology Co., Ltd. |
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Granted publication date: 20130605 Termination date: 20191225 |