CN101743827B - Method for ecologically controlling southern rust - Google Patents
Method for ecologically controlling southern rust Download PDFInfo
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- CN101743827B CN101743827B CN2009100661639A CN200910066163A CN101743827B CN 101743827 B CN101743827 B CN 101743827B CN 2009100661639 A CN2009100661639 A CN 2009100661639A CN 200910066163 A CN200910066163 A CN 200910066163A CN 101743827 B CN101743827 B CN 101743827B
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Abstract
The present invention provides a method for ecologically controlling southern rust. Seed selection: high yielding varieties of which the growing seasons differ 0 to 10 days for assisting the southern rust and high yielding varieties infected with the southern rust are selected; plantation: the high yielding varieties for assisting the southern rust and high yielding varieties infected with the southern rust are collocated and combined in intercropping and mixed cropping. The physiological ecological mechanism study of corn gas-injection diseases is controlled by double-gene corn intercropping, the harm of the southern rust is controlled by an ecological cultivating method, and the high and stable yielding of corn is realized.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the plant disease field of ecology, relate in particular to a kind of health care cultivation method of Ecological Control maize diseases.
Background technology
A kind of obligatory parasitism disease that the corn southern rust is caused by many heaps handle rest fungus (Puccinia polysora Underw).This disease is found later in China, only occur in south China, southwestern corn district in the past.But in recent years, southern rust in China Central China, the generation area in North China, northeast, northwest and Plain of Huanghua Area corn district and the extent of injury be and increase the weight of trend year by year, when rust takes place, general underproduction 20%-30%, heavy person reaches more than 80%, even total crop failure.
Though seed selection and to promote disease-resistant variety be the valid approach of control of maize disease because the adaptive variation of pathogen biological strain causes the forfeiture of original disease-resistant variety resistance, makes disease-resistant variety withdraw from the production stage prematurely.Dai Jingrui (1998) discovers, the unit yield of the corn variety bred of China is not significantly improved for over ten years, but since the forfeiture of check variety disease resistance and typicalness, the result that output descends rapidly.Chen Cuixia etc. (2004) studies show that, domestic most of corn hybrid seeds and inbred line susceptible rust.Although Chinese scholars has identified some southern corn rust resistance genes, the hereditary pattern of antagonism gene is still unclear.Such as, Scott etc. (1984) have proposed that corn southern rust resistant gene meets single-gene or dual-gene hereditary pattern under different genetic background, and Bailey (1987), Zummo (1988) and Holland (1998) etc. think that the southern rust resistance is a horizontal resistance, are polygenic resistance.Chen Cuixia (2004) is by identifying the resistance of 14 key corn inbred lines under greenhouse and land for growing field crops different condition, and the B37 that finds to carry a disease-resistant single-gene Rpp9 of dominance southern rust is susceptible.
Along with the development of corn breeding, the renewal speed of corn hybrid seed constantly increases, and the corn germplasm basis is also in continuous variation, and climatic variation and cropping system change also provide new environmental condition for the generation development of disease.Narrow and breeding method of corn germplasm hereditary basis and theoretical hysteresis are difficult to multiple disease-resistant gene is concentrated on one's body the kind, and as seen, solving by the breeding approach that the corn southern rust endangers at present is the comparison difficulty.
Utilize the ecology regulation and control measure such as rational deployment, (cover) work of not consanguinity, different resistant varieties to control the generation of the great damage by disease and insect of corn, foundation is the great sustainable Control of Diseases and Insect Pests technical system of the corn of core with the bio-diversity, has become China's Maize Production problem demanding prompt solution.
Control the research of maize diseases about corn and other crop interplantings, report is all arranged both at home and abroad.Studies show that of nearly more than two decades, between different corn varieties/mix up and can improve corn disease resistance (Hooker, 1982; Horkstar et al., 1985; Su Xinhong etc., 2000; Li Chaohai etc., 2002; Tang Weimin and Mao Mo Zhan, 2003).But the report that utilizes dual-gene type corn intercrop to control southern rust harm is not arranged as yet at present.Since nineteen ninety-five, we begin to carry out the The Ecological and Physiological Effect research of the companion cropping of different genotype corn, find that the reasonable intercropping of maize genotypes of different resistances can effectively control the harm of southern rust.Applying of this method not only can be reduced environmental pollution that the applications of pesticide bring, be reduced production costs, and also helps the stable high yield and the sustainable development that realize corn, and this is significant to the grain security that ensures country undoubtedly.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to develop a kind of health care cultivation method of ecologically controlling southern rust harm, to realize the stable high yield of corn by physiological ecological mechanism research to dual-gene type corn intercrop control corn aeroborne disease.
In order to achieve the above object by the following technical solutions: a kind of method of ecologically controlling southern rust, comprise seed selection, plantation, field management, results, it is characterized in that:
Seed selection: select the high yielding variety of the anti-southern rust that differs 0～10 day breeding time and the high yielding variety of sense southern rust for use;
Plantation: during plantation, select for use seed size, seedling stage growing way and the high yielding variety anti-, the sense southern rust of plant type basically identical carry out intercropping or mix up; During plantation, select for use seed size, seedling stage growing way and the inconsistent high yielding variety anti-, the sense southern rust of plant type can only carry out intercropping; During intercropping, adopt that width is capable plants; When mixing up, employing waits line-spacing or width is capable plants.
Results: it is withered to treat that bract all appears in two kind fruit ears, and the seed milk-line disappears, and gathers in the crops when black layer occurs being the complete physiological ripening of seed.
The described line-spacing that waits line-spacing to adopt 50cm～60cm, the capable line-spacing that adopts wide capable 60cm～80cm, narrow row 30cm～50cm of described width.
During intercropping, adopt the intercropping banding pattern of 1:1 or 2:2 or 2:4.
When mixing up,, sow the seed equivalent mixing of two kinds.
Wide-narrow row planting during intercropping is a narrow row between the same kind, is wide row between the different cultivars.
Described 2:4 intercropping banding pattern, all 2 row of the product that output is lower, all 4 row of product that output is higher.
Kind is selected: disease-resistant variety is answered high yield, high anti-, and is single 981 as the Shandong, step on sea 602, sliding rich No. 9 etc.; Susceptible variety is answered high yield, middle sense or high sense, as Zheng Dan 958, dredges list 20 etc.Integrated mode: mix between the resistant, susceptible kind of selection basically identical breeding time (differ and be no more than 10 days) is carried out/do.
At this production practical problem of corn southern rust control difficulty, the Ministry of Agriculture of Agricultural University Of He'nan corn Regional Technological Innovation center has proposed to utilize corn inbred genetic diversity to control the theoretical foundation of southern rust method by the research of more than ten years.(1) between dual-gene type corn/and mix up and help improving colony quality and field microclimate, reduced the probability that infects of pathogen; (2) between dual-gene type corn/and mix up and increased population genetic diversity, strengthened the disease resistance of colony; (3) between dual-gene type corn/and mix up and do to have strengthened the disease-resistant metabolism of colony, reduce colony's disease index.2004-2008, get bumper crops during scientific and technological engineering " Henan Province's wheat and corn get bumper crops integrated research of high efficiency technical and the demonstration " project implementing " 15 " and Eleventh Five-Year Plan national grain, carried out a large amount of field trials, found that dual-gene type corn intercrop can obviously improve colony's microclimate, significantly increase such as the Zheng Dan 958 and the light transmittance nonoculture colony more separately of single 981 compound populations in Shandong, this helps improving colony's ventilation condition, reduces humidity, the sprouting that is unfavorable for the pathogeny spore with infect; Field artificial infection test shows that disease-resistant variety and susceptible variety intercropping can significantly strengthen the disease-resistant metabolism of susceptible variety.Such as Zheng Dan 958 and single 981 intercropping in Shandong, blade inoculation southern rust pathogeny uredospore, Zheng Dan 958 blade lipoxygenase activities were significantly higher than the nonoculture blade in 24～48 hours after inoculation, phenylalnine ammonialyase activity 12h to 96h after inoculation is significantly higher than the nonoculture blade.Take place at Henan Province's southern rust that the multiple spot experiment shows in serious Yu Nan, Yu Dong and the Henan, the southern rust disease index 35%-67% (seeing Table 1) that on average descends on average increases production 5%-20%.
Table 1
Between susceptible variety (Zheng Dan 958, Henan jade 19, dredge single 20) and disease-resistant variety (Shandong is single 981, week is single 041, slide rich No. 9)
Making the southern rust disease refers to change
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic flow sheet of the method for ecologically controlling southern rust;
Fig. 2 is a 1:1 intercropping banding pattern schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is a 2:2 intercropping banding pattern schematic diagram;
Fig. 4 is a 2:4 intercropping banding pattern schematic diagram.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 1, be core with " method of ecologically controlling southern rust ", supporting other ancillary techniques are realized the corn stable and high yields.
1, kind is selected
Select the high yielding variety that resists, feels southern rust of basically identical breeding time (differ and be no more than 10 days) for use.Be meant the fate that experiences to complete physiological ripening from emerging described breeding time; Be meant the 5th period that leaf launches fully of plant that has in the summer corn colony more than 50% seedling stage.
2, plantation
(1) integrated mode
Anti-southern rust kind is carried out matched combined with sense southern rust kind, seed size, seedling stage growing way and plant type basically identical person, but both intercropping also can be mixed up, otherwise can only carry out intercropping.The difference of seed size is whether to mix machine sowing be standard to meet; Seedling stage growing way examine or check mainly that the plant height, stem of seedling is thick, indexs such as blade quantity and leaf look; Plant type is meant plant height, cauline leaf angle and width of blade etc.
(2) intercropping band-type of configuration
The consistent kind of plant type adopts intercropping banding patterns such as 1:1,2:2,2:4, shown in Fig. 2,3,4; The inconsistent kind of plant type adopts 2:2,2:4 intercropping banding pattern, shown in Fig. 3,4.
(3) sowing
Seed preferably carries out dressing seed or dressing, mixes up combination and requires seed equivalent mixing, in time ploughs whole, stubble-cleaning, sufficient moisture in the soil machine sowing after the district's wheat harvest of the Yellow River and Huai He River Haiti; Or adopt no-tillage seeding machine to sow; Or rob a batch machine sowing, stubble height is no more than 20cm.Line-spacings such as the consistent kind employing of plant type (50cm～60cm) or capable (wide capable 60cm～80cm, the narrow row 30cm～50cm) plantation of width, the inconsistent kind of plant type adopts capable (wide capable 60cm～80cm, the narrow row 30cm～50cm) plantation of width, spacing in the rows is decided according to kind suitable planting density, and row is to not limitting.Sowing depth 3cm～5cm.If soil soil moisture deficiency is after planting in time watered Meng Toushui, it is neat to guarantee to emerge.
3, field management
(1) after planting in time carries out chemical weed control.Seedling during seedling 3 leaves, 5 leaf phase final singlings.
(2) guarantee corn liquid manure in time of infertility sufficient supplies.Carry out fertilization compositions based on earth measurement, nitrogen (N) 3kg, potassium (K are used by every production 100kg seed in general high-yield field
2O) 2kg, phosphorus (P
2O
5) 1kg.Seed manure, 30% and whole potassium, phosphorus and trace elements in the shooting stage with the nitrogenous fertilizer total amount are along seedling one side trench digging deep placement (15cm～20cm).Ear manuer applies 70% nitrogenous fertilizer that is left in the same way.If select corn special slow release fertilizer for use, can be disposable applying in seedling stage.
(3) extermination of disease and insect pest
Adopt dressing seed or seed pelleting control seedling stage diseases and pests, according to sick insect pest situation condition, adopt the control of biological and chemical method wheat stem maggot, small brown rice planthopper, add insect such as color noctuid, to reduce the generation that worm passes disease.9～10 leaf phases were irritated the heart with 1.5% phoxim granule, and every strain 1～2g irritates once the control of maize snout moth's larva again after 7 days.
4, harvest in proper late
It is withered to treat that bract all appears in two kind fruit ears, and the seed milk-line disappears, and gathers in the crops when black layer occurs being the complete physiological ripening of seed.
Embodiment 2
The kind intercropping that seedling stage, growing way and plant type differed greatly: select single 981 (anti-southern rusts) in Shandong and Zheng Dan 958 (sense southern rust) combination collocation, Yin Lu list growing way in 981 seedling stage is weaker than Zheng Dan 958, between, disallowable easily during final singling, the single 981 one-tenth plant heights in Shandong are lower in Zheng Dan 958 and output, so adopt 2:2 (Fig. 3) or 2:4 (Fig. 4) intercropping banding pattern.Choose seeds before the sowing, reject go mouldy, damaged, seed such as damage by worms, carry out dressing seed or dressing then, it is standby to dry the back.In time put in order ground, stubble-cleaning after the wheat harvest, sufficient moisture in the soil machine sowing or no-tillage machine sowing, stubble height is no more than 20cm.Wide-narrow row planting, wide capable 60cm～80cm, narrow row 30cm～50cm, row is to not limitting; 2:2 intercropping banding pattern is a narrow row between the same kind, is wide row between the different cultivars; 2:4 intercropping banding pattern, single 981 kinds, the 4 row Zheng Dan 958 in 2 row Shandongs, i.e. single 981/ Zheng Dan in Shandong 958 collocation are 2:4.Sowing depth 3cm～5cm, if soil soil moisture deficiency is after planting in time watered Meng Toushui, it is neat to guarantee to emerge.After planting in time carry out chemical weed control.Seedling during seedling 3 leaves, 5 leaf phase final singlings, density of reserved seedlings is 60000 strain hm
-2Guarantee corn liquid manure in time of infertility sufficient supplies.Carry out fertilization compositions based on earth measurement, nitrogen (N) 3kg, potassium (K are used by every production 100kg seed in general high-yield field
2O) 2kg, phosphorus (P
2O
5) 1kg.Seed manure, 30% and whole potassium, phosphorus and trace elements in the shooting stage with the nitrogenous fertilizer total amount are along seedling one side trench digging deep placement (15cm～20cm).Ear manuer applies 70% nitrogenous fertilizer that is left in the same way.If select corn special slow release fertilizer for use, can be disposable applying in seedling stage.Adopt dressing seed or seed pelleting control seedling stage diseases and pests, according to sick insect pest situation condition, adopt the control of biological and chemical method wheat stem maggot, small brown rice planthopper, add insect such as color noctuid, to reduce the generation that worm passes disease.9～10 leaf phases were irritated the heart with 1.5% phoxim granule, and every strain 1～2g irritates once the control of maize snout moth's larva again after 7 days.It is withered to treat that bract all appears in two kind fruit ears, and the seed milk-line disappears, and gathers in the crops when black layer occurs being the complete physiological ripening of seed.
Embodiment 3
The kind intercropping that seedling stage, growing way and plant type differed greatly: select single 981 (the anti-southern rusts) in Shandong and dredge single 20 (sense southern rust) combination collocation, Yin Lu list growing way in 981 seedling stage is weaker than dredges single 20, between, disallowable easily during final singling, the single 981 one-tenth plant heights in Shandong are in dredging single 20, and single 981 output in Shandong are lower, so adopt 2:2 or 2:4 intercropping banding pattern.It is single 20 that 2:4 intercropping banding pattern, single 981 kinds, 4 row in 2 row Shandongs are dredged, and promptly Shandong single 981/ is dredged single 20 collocation and is 2:4.
Other are identical with embodiment 2.
Embodiment 4
Seed size with seedling stage growing way differ greatly but become the kind intercropping of plant height degree basically identical: step on sea 602 (anti-southern rusts) and Zheng Dan 958 (sense southern rust) combination collocation, Yin Denghai 602 seeds are less, seedling stage growing way be weaker than Zheng Dan 958, between, disallowable easily during final singling, but become plant height degree and Zheng Dan 958 differences little, so can adopt 1:1,2:2 or 2:4 intercropping banding pattern.2:4 intercropping banding pattern is wherein stepped on extra large 602/ Zheng Dan 958 collocation and all can for 2:4 for 2:4 or Zheng Dan 958/ step on sea 602 collocation.Density of reserved seedlings is 60000～75000 strain hm
-2Other are identical with embodiment 2.
Embodiment 5
Seed size with seedling stage growing way differ greatly but become the kind intercropping of plant height degree basically identical: step on sea 602 (anti-southern rusts) and dredge single 20 (sense southern rust) combination collocation, adopt 1:1,2:2 or 2:4 intercropping banding pattern.2:4 intercropping banding pattern is wherein stepped on sea 602/ and is dredged single 20 collocation for 2:4 or dredge single 20/ and step on sea 602 collocation and all can for 2:4.
Other are identical with embodiment 2.
Embodiment 6
Seed size, seedling stage growing way and plant type basically identical the kind intercropping: sliding rich No. 9 (anti-southern rusts) with dredge single 20 (sense southern rust) combination collocation, adopt 1:1,2:2 or 2:4 intercropping banding pattern.2:4 intercropping banding pattern wherein, sliding rich No. 9/dredge single 20 collocation and be 2:4.Line-spacings such as employing (50cm～60cm) or width are capable, and (wide capable 60cm～80cm, narrow row 30cm～50cm) all can by plantation.
Other are identical with embodiment 2.
Embodiment 7
Seed size, seedling stage growing way and become the kind intercropping of plant height degree basically identical: sliding rich No. 9 (anti-southern rusts) and Zheng Dan 958 (sense southern rust) combination collocations, adopt 1:1,2:2 or 2:4 intercropping banding pattern.Wherein 2:4 intercropping banding pattern is slided rich No. 9/Zheng Dan 958 collocation and is 2:4.
Other are identical with embodiment 2.
Embodiment 8
Seed size, seedling stage growing way and become the kind of plant height degree basically identical to mix up: sliding rich No. 9 (anti-southern rusts) and Zheng Dan 958 (sense southern rust) combination collocations, to sow behind the seed equivalent mixing, line-spacings such as employing (50cm～60cm) or width are capable, and (wide capable 60cm～80cm, narrow row 30cm～50cm) all can by plantation.
Other are identical with embodiment 2.
Embodiment 9
Seed size, seedling stage, the kind of growing way and plant type basically identical was mixed up: sliding rich No. 9 (anti-southern rusts) with dredge single 20 (sense southern rust) combination collocation, will sow behind the seed equivalent mixing.
Other are identical with embodiment 8.
Embodiment 10
Seed size, seedling stage growing way and become the kind intercropping of plant height degree basically identical: week single 041 (anti-southern rust) with Henan jade 19 (sense southern rust) combination collocation, adopt 2:4 intercropping banding pattern, beautiful 19 collocation in single 041/ Henan of week are 2:4.
Other are identical with embodiment 2.
Claims (7)
1. the method for an ecologically controlling southern rust comprises seed selection, plantation, field management, results, it is characterized in that:
Seed selection: select the high yielding variety of the anti-southern rust that differs 0～10 day breeding time and the high yielding variety of sense southern rust for use;
Plantation: during plantation, select for use seed size, seedling stage growing way and the high yielding variety anti-, the sense southern rust of plant type basically identical carry out intercropping or mix up; During plantation, select for use seed size, seedling stage growing way and the inconsistent high yielding variety anti-, the sense southern rust of plant type can only carry out intercropping; During intercropping, adopt that width is capable plants; When mixing up, employing waits line-spacing or width is capable plants.
2. the method for a kind of ecologically controlling southern rust according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
Results: it is withered to treat that bract all appears in two kind fruit ears, and the seed milk-line disappears, and gathers in the crops when black layer occurs being the complete physiological ripening of seed.
3. the method for a kind of ecologically controlling southern rust according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the described line-spacing that waits line-spacing to adopt 50cm～60cm, the capable line-spacing that adopts wide capable 60cm～80cm, narrow row 30cm～50cm of described width.
4. the method for a kind of ecologically controlling southern rust according to claim 1 is characterized in that: during intercropping, adopt the intercropping banding pattern of 1: 1 or 2: 2 or 2: 4.
5. the method for a kind of ecologically controlling southern rust according to claim 1 is characterized in that: when mixing up, with the seed equivalent mixing of two kinds, sow.
6. as the method for claim 1 or 4 described a kind of ecologically controlling southern rusts, it is characterized in that: the wide-narrow row planting during intercropping is a narrow row between the same kind, is wide row between the different cultivars.
7. the method for a kind of ecologically controlling southern rust according to claim 4 is characterized in that: described 2: 4 intercropping banding patterns, all 2 row of the product that output is lower, all 4 row of product that output is higher.
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| EP2496072A2 (en) * | 2009-11-04 | 2012-09-12 | E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company | Genetic loci associated with resistance to tropical rust (physopella zeae) in maize |
| CN103688709B (en) * | 2013-12-09 | 2015-09-30 | 华南农业大学 | The implantation methods of continuous cropping obstacle and disease and pest control is alleviated in different capsicum variety intercropping |
| CN104996127B (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2017-10-20 | 河南农业大学 | Ecology alleviates the cultivating method of crop of florescence Climatic regionalization |
| CN107750845A (en) * | 2017-11-10 | 2018-03-06 | 海南大学 | A kind of green planting method of rice field disease and pest control |
| CN109206493A (en) * | 2018-09-26 | 2019-01-15 | 河南农业大学 | Application of the Zm-Remorin gene in the prevention and treatment of corn southern rust |
| CN109757276B (en) * | 2019-02-18 | 2021-08-24 | 中国科学院华南植物园 | Planting method |
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