CN103548439A - Reasonable-plough plough layer ploughing method compatible with tightness of tight seedling belt and loosened line spacing - Google Patents
Reasonable-plough plough layer ploughing method compatible with tightness of tight seedling belt and loosened line spacing Download PDFInfo
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- CN103548439A CN103548439A CN201310527858.9A CN201310527858A CN103548439A CN 103548439 A CN103548439 A CN 103548439A CN 201310527858 A CN201310527858 A CN 201310527858A CN 103548439 A CN103548439 A CN 103548439A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a reasonable-plough plough layer ploughing method compatible with tightness of tight seedling belt and loosened line spacing, which belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting and is completed by adopting steps of seedling belt repression and line-spacing deep scarification during an elongation stage. A seedling belt in the current year can be repressed after corns are planted in spring, and the compacting degree of repressed soil is 1.26-1.28 g/cm<3> in volume weight; and deep scarification is carried out during the elongation stage of the corns. According to the reasonable-plough plough layer ploughing method disclosed by the invention, the plough layer construction compatible with the tightness of tight seedling belt and loosened line spacing is realized through a method of comprehensive deep scarification and local repression of the seedling belt, and a compact, wet, ventilative and good condition is created; the contradictions between ventilating and lodging prevention, fertilizer supply and fertilizer absorption, water permeability and humidity raising and the like of a plough layer can be solved; the contradiction between straw mulching and seedling protecting can be solved, and labor-saving farming can be realized.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural planting technique field, relate to the corn methods of cultivation.
Background technology
Northeast plain is one of San great black soil region, the world.This district's rain same season of heat, the important commodity grain base of the fertile ，Shi of soil property China.Cereal crops be take corn, soybean, paddy rice as main.The maize sown area in this district reaches the more than 70% of the whole province's chief crop cultivated area, and Per Unit Area Grain Yield level, occupancy volume per person and commodity rate all rank first in the country, and is famous " Sautéed Sweet Corn with Salted Egg Yolk band ".The grain-production in this region occupies very important status in China, for guarantee national food has been made safely significant contribution.
In recent years, because the mode of production is extensive, the excessive operation in soil, excessively pursue the high production of agricultural product, the sacrifice resource of take is cost, causes the soil in this district and water resource to be degenerated seriously, and agricultural environment continues to worsen, land output ability reduces, and soil fertility decline has become the main restricting factor that limits the further raising of this district's level of agricultural production.The subject matter that black soil region, middle part exists, the one, soil is Farmland was overused without proper attention to the maintenance of its fertility, predation formula is managed, soil structure variation, organic minimizing (declining every year 0.2 ‰), soil plough horizon is also more and more shallow, tillage pan thickening, topsoil only has 12～15cm now, causes soil production capacity to decline, and Per Unit Area Grain Yield is at 6000～7500kg/hm
2; The 2nd, the proportion that the high-yield crop on consumption ground accounts for is larger.Many significant problems in agricultural production, as arable land water and soil loss, spring drought keep a full stand of seedings that difficulty, plant growth are bad, the series of problems such as lodging, early ageing, late-maturing and abnormal seeding, all have a direct relation with topsoil structure is unreasonable.Research discovery, the various cultivated methods in China and foreign countries respectively have its advantage, meanwhile, also all exist self insoluble contradiction and problems, and its root is all unreasonable single relevant with structure with basic topsoil structure.Build from now on the ecological agriculture, and protect and improve farmland ecological environment, solve the contradiction between the inner ecological factor of topsoil, and build and continue high-yielding grain fields, and be all badly in need of new topsoil basic theory and instruct.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to disclose the tight reasonable topsoil methods of cultivation in arable land that degree of tightness has both of a seedling band in the ranks, thereby can improve blackland quality, improves the production capacity in soil.
The scheme of technical solution problem of the present invention is to adopt following steps:
1, press in seedling band important city
Corn spring after planting, adopts the heavy seedling band of 1YMZ packer to suppress seedling band then, suppression intensity: when soil moisture content is lower than 18% time, suppression intensity is 600 g/cm
2～800 g/cm
2; When soil water-containing is 18%～22% time, suppression intensity is 400 g/cm
2～600 g/cm
2; When soil moisture content is 22%～24% time, suppression intensity is 300 g/cm
2～400 g/cm
2, the soil density after suppression is unit weight
1. 26-1. 28 gram per centimeters
3;
2, shooting stage subsoiling in the ranks
The corn shooting stage, according to different planting conditions, adopt 3ZSF-1.86T2 band subsoiling fertilizer applicator or 3Z-2 subsoiling fertilizer applicator to carry out Subsoiler, under corn wide-narrow row planting condition, adopt the 3ZSF-1.86T2 subsoiling combined working machine that topdresses, subsoiling width 30-50cm, the degree of depth 30-40cm, garrulous soil rate >=70%, bury batch rate >=70%, 2 duplicate rows of operation line number, operating speed 4-6Km/h; Under the planting conditions of the even ridge of corn, adopt 3Z-2 subsoiling topdress combined working machine subsoiling width 10-15cm, the degree of depth 20-30cm, operation line number 2 row, operating speed 4-6Km/h.
The tight in the ranks topsoil that pine, degree of tightness have both of seedling band that the way of suppressing by deep loosen and seedling band Local Gravity And realizes is constructed, and the topsoil of the present various cultivated methods of emphasis solution is constructed and cannot be met ecological agriculture construction demand, and a kind of brand-new topsoil structure of design.Require this structure to possess following condition: give full play to the fertility of arable land arable layer, the function of stronger water storage and adjusting water, fertilizer, gas, heat, tilling depth reaches 30-35cm; Topsoil has and loosens, tighten two kinds of structures, and adapts with crop ecological demand; Topsoil has the heavy showers of acceptance (100 milli m/h) ability, and does not produce runoff; Can guarantee that kind of a bed has enough moisture spring, drought resisting goes out full stand (descend spring without rain condition); Topsoil, under the condition of soil water-containing abundance in rainy season, keeps the total pore space of topsoil 20%, guarantees soil aeration well and root system respiration oxygen; Make root region soil consolidation, prevent plant lodging; Prevent the undue consolidation of soil, poor aeration, root system is early dead; Arable land is in order to improve meticulous seeding quality, creates the moistening ventilation good condition of consolidation; Solve topsoil ventilation and lodging-prevention, fertilizer with inhale fertile, permeable with put forward the contradictions such as moisture in the soil; Solve stalk and cover and keep a full stand of seedings contradiction, changing contradiction is that mutual benefit is used mutually; Make full use of the positive role in arable land, utilize for a long time, realize Labor-saving farming.
New farming system, farming amount reduces 23-38%.Increase deep soil retaining, in 1-100cm soil layer, increase reservoir storage 11-13%, average 12%, i.e. many retaining 33-48mm.It is long-term that moisture in the soil, anti-spring drought are carried in topsoil consolidation position, survival rate of seedlings improves 10%-20%()-33%(spring drought year), emergence rate reaches 96.8%.Promote volume increase 12.8%(to check and accept actual measurement), test region volume increase 12.6-16.5%, demonstration area volume increase 11.2%.By experimental study and production practices, interval subsoiling respectively eases out dark 10cm at ridge body and furrow bottom, the district of loosening the soil of wide 10cm left and right, only be equivalent to whole topsoil and on average deepen 3.3cm, proved science, practicality, economic results in society and the development prospect of " the tight reasonable topsoil structural theory that degree of tightness has both of seedling band " in the ranks.
Embodiment
Example 1, corn spring after planting, adopts the heavy seedling band of 1YMZ packer to suppress seedling band then, and during operation, surveying soil moisture content is 16%, determines that suppression intensity is 800 g/cm
2, the soil density after suppression is unit weight 1. 26 gram per centimeters
3; The corn shooting stage, under corn wide-narrow row planting condition, adopts the 3ZSF-1.86T2 subsoiling combined working machine that topdresses, subsoiling width 50cm, degree of depth 30cm, and garrulous soil rate>=70%, buries batch rate>=70%, 2 duplicate rows of operation line number, operating speed 4Km/h.
Example 2, corn spring after planting, adopts the heavy seedling band of 1YMZ packer to suppress seedling band then, and during operation, surveying soil moisture content is 20%, determines that suppression intensity is 500 g/cm
2, the soil density after suppression is unit weight 1. 27 gram per centimeters
3; The corn shooting stage, under corn wide-narrow row planting condition, adopts the 3ZSF-1.86T2 subsoiling combined working machine that topdresses, subsoiling width 30cm, degree of depth 40cm, and garrulous soil rate>=70%, buries batch rate>=70%, 2 duplicate rows of operation line number, operating speed 5Km/h.
Example 3, corn spring after planting, adopts the heavy seedling band of 1YMZ packer to suppress seedling band then, and during operation, surveying soil moisture content is 24%, determines that suppression intensity is 300 g/cm
2, the soil density after suppression is unit weight 1. 28 gram per centimeters
3; The corn shooting stage, under corn wide-narrow row planting condition, adopts the 3ZSF-1.86T2 subsoiling combined working machine that topdresses, subsoiling width 40cm, degree of depth 35cm, and garrulous soil rate>=70%, buries batch rate>=70%, 2 duplicate rows of operation line number, operating speed 6Km/h.
Example 4, corn spring after planting, adopts the heavy seedling band of 1YMZ packer to suppress seedling band then, and during operation, surveying soil moisture content is 22%, determines that suppression intensity is 400 g/cm
2, the soil density after suppression is unit weight 1. 27 gram per centimeters
3; The corn shooting stage, under the planting conditions of the even ridge of corn, adopt 3Z-2 subsoiling topdress combined working machine subsoiling width 10cm, degree of depth 30cm, operation line number 2 row, operating speed 4Km/h.
Example 5, corn spring after planting, adopts the heavy seedling band of 1YMZ packer to suppress seedling band then, and during operation, surveying soil moisture content is 18%, determines that suppression intensity is 800g/cm
2, the soil density after suppression is unit weight 1. 28 gram per centimeters
3; The corn shooting stage, under the planting conditions of the even ridge of corn, adopt 3Z-2 subsoiling topdress combined working machine subsoiling width 15cm, degree of depth 20cm, operation line number 2 row, operating speed 4Km/h.
implementation condition
Can implement on ,Gang level land, level land.During enforcement, need possess precision planter, subsoiling fertilizer applicator, 35-4 horsepowers of above matching tractors.
Topsoil-refer to that people is the plow layer that farming is created.
Arable layer-refer to that different soils is suitable, effective topsoil that can farming, the general degree of depth is at 0-35cm.
Black soil region, Plain soil organic matter content is below 2.8% northeastward, and the topsoil structure bulk density of soil index that loosens, tighten that the present invention is mentioned is: the unit weight that loosens the soil is 1.05 ± 0.05g/cm
3; Tight native unit weight is 1.27 ± 0.05g/cm
3; Tension topsoil unit weight > 1.45g/cm
3.
Narrate experimental example of the present invention below: (the present invention is supported by national achievements conversion capital items, Contract NO: 200GB2B100078; 2009-2011)
Test one: the impact of topsoil structure on emergence of corn
Place: location test field, Gong Zhulingyuan district, academy of agricultural sciences, Jilin Province.Tightly pine, seedling band pine tight, the seedling band pine pine processing in the ranks in the ranks in the ranks of seedling band is established in test.Result of the test: the tight processing of pine in the ranks of seedling band can improve water, the heat condition at seed position, and than the processing of seedling band pine, the ground temperature at 5cm place is high 0.5 ℃, soil water content is high by 2-4%, and seed contacts with soil closely simultaneously, germinates fast, early emerge about one day, spring drought year early emerges 2-4 days.
The compaction test of seedling band, puies forward moisture in the soil effect after the compacting of seedling band remarkable, presses latter 28 days, and 2-4cm soil moisture ratio not nip improves 4%; 4-6cm soil moisture content improves 1.2%.Because soil moisture moves to top layer, 6-12cm soil moisture ratio not nip has reduced by 1.6%.
Test two: the impact of topsoil structure on corn late growing stage
Place: location test field, Gong Zhulingyuan district, academy of agricultural sciences, Jilin Province.Result of the test shows, 1. the different bases of ploughing are upper, and the corn growth height of different topsoils structures is best to plough district, and the ，Bu Geng district of taking second place, the district of loosening the soil is minimum.This result is consistent with seedlings investigation result trend.2. plough basis above for three kinds, all showing the band of emerging tight, in the ranks the corn growth height of pine is the highest.
Difference is ploughed the high application form of the upper different topsoil structure corn plants in basis
Test three: the impact of topsoil structure on corn yield
Place: experiment station, village, Fan Jiatun Fragrance Hill, Gongzhuling of Jilin Province city.Result of the test: complete tight topsoil, strain is short, and knot fringe position is very low, 71cm only, output is not high, and output per hectare is 8958kg; The tight topsoil of pine in the ranks of seedling band, plant height is normal, 221cm, knot fringe position is normal, 116cm, the highest output per hectare 9860kg of output; Complete loose topsoil, plant is high, rod is large, and knot rod position is high, but it is uneven to grow, and ripe bad, output is lower, output per hectare 8813kg, tightly in the ranks pine (rationally topsoil) output is the highest for seedling band.
Claims (1)
1. the tight reasonable topsoil methods of cultivation in arable land that in the ranks degree of tightness has both of a seedling band, is characterized in that adopting following steps to complete:
(1) press in seedling band important city
Corn spring after planting, adopts the heavy seedling band of 1YMZ packer to suppress seedling band then, suppression intensity: when soil moisture content is lower than 18% time, suppression intensity is 600 g/cm
2～800 g/cm
2; When soil water-containing is 18%～22% time, suppression intensity is 400 g/cm
2～600 g/cm
2; When soil moisture content is 22%～24% time, suppression intensity is 300 g/cm
2～400 g/cm
2, the soil density after suppression is unit weight
26-1. 28 gram per centimeters
3;
(2) shooting stage subsoiling in the ranks
The corn shooting stage, according to different planting conditions, adopt 3ZSF-1.86T2 band subsoiling fertilizer applicator or 3Z-2 subsoiling fertilizer applicator to carry out Subsoiler, under corn wide-narrow row planting condition, adopt the 3ZSF-1.86T2 subsoiling combined working machine that topdresses, subsoiling width 30-50cm, the degree of depth 30-40cm, garrulous soil rate >=70%, bury batch rate >=70%, 2 duplicate rows of operation line number, operating speed 4-6Km/h; Under the planting conditions of the even ridge of corn, adopt 3Z-2 subsoiling topdress combined working machine subsoiling width 10-15cm, the degree of depth 20-30cm, operation line number 2 row, operating speed 4-6Km/h.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104737642A (en) * | 2015-03-27 | 2015-07-01 | 黑龙江大学 | Sugar beet mechanization sowing rolling machinery and rolling method |
| CN105766303A (en) * | 2016-03-15 | 2016-07-20 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Wheat after-sowing compacting seedling strengthening method based on rice straw returning application |
| CN109348767A (en) * | 2018-09-21 | 2019-02-19 | 河南农业大学 | Soil improvement method under the Wheat Maize Rotation system of North China Meadow Soil |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104737642A (en) * | 2015-03-27 | 2015-07-01 | 黑龙江大学 | Sugar beet mechanization sowing rolling machinery and rolling method |
| CN105766303A (en) * | 2016-03-15 | 2016-07-20 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Wheat after-sowing compacting seedling strengthening method based on rice straw returning application |
| CN105766303B (en) * | 2016-03-15 | 2018-10-30 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Strong sprout method is suppressed after a kind of Wheat Sowing based on rice straw returning to the field |
| CN109348767A (en) * | 2018-09-21 | 2019-02-19 | 河南农业大学 | Soil improvement method under the Wheat Maize Rotation system of North China Meadow Soil |
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Application publication date: 20140205 |