CN101743826A - Physical structure regulating method of high-yield soil for summer corns - Google Patents
Physical structure regulating method of high-yield soil for summer corns Download PDFInfo
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- CN101743826A CN101743826A CN200910065518A CN200910065518A CN101743826A CN 101743826 A CN101743826 A CN 101743826A CN 200910065518 A CN200910065518 A CN 200910065518A CN 200910065518 A CN200910065518 A CN 200910065518A CN 101743826 A CN101743826 A CN 101743826A
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Abstract
A regulating method aims at the physical structure of a high-yield soil for summer corns, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural production. The regulating method of the invention is as follows: (1) deep ploughing (loose) before sowing: before the seeding of the previous crops before the summer corns, the soil is deeply ploughed (loose), the tilth is 30 to 35cm, the unit weight of a soil horizon of 0 to 20cm is 1.2 to 1.3g/cm3 by deep ploughing, the unit weight of the soil horizon of 20 to 40cm is 1.3 to 1.4g/cm3, and 15 kilograms of urea are fertilized per mu; and (2) ridging after sowing: before the seeding of the corns, wide row and narrow row seeding is required to be carried out, the space between the wide rows is 70 to 80cm, the space between the narrow rows is 40 to 50cm, during the jointing stage of the corns, cultivation, banking and ridging are carried out, ditches are opened in the wide rows of the corns, the narrow rows are banked and ridged, the ridge height is 15 to 20cm, and the ridge face width is 50 to 60cm. The invention can obviously reduce the unit weight of the no-tillage summer corn soil, increase the soil porosity, improve the physical behavior of the soil, increase the biological activity of the soil and enhance the biological fertility, facilitate the growing and development of the root system of the corn and increases the activity of the root system, and obviously improve the crop production and the benefits.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of agricultural production technologies, relate to a kind of soil regulate and control method of higher yield of crops, specifically a kind of regulate and control method of the soil physics structure at the summer corn high yield.
Background technology
Corn is one of Chinese important crops, and national maize sown area had reached 4.3 hundred million mu in 2008, and the summer corn cultivated area in Henan Province also reaches more than 4,300 ten thousand mu, and further expansion trend is arranged.The sustainable development of Maize Production and China's grain security and society has substantial connection, and the Sustainable Production ability that constantly increases corn yield and raising soil has become the main target of modern agricultural development, also is the important assurance of grain security.
The arable land is the basic resources of grain-production and supply, is the fundamental of agricultural.In recent years owing to many-sided reason, China's cultivated land resource total quality is not good enough, soil environment quality-especially the soil physics environment is degradating trend, and most plot exist such as soil compaction, key constraints such as topsoil is shallow, tilth is poor, layer thickening that plow, barren sand ginger layer.Show that according to the Ministry of Agriculture investigation China's soil plough horizon has only 15-17cm at present, plough horizon shallow caused a series of negative effect: be difficult to prick down as crop root, can't make full use of lower floor's liquid manure, easily lodging; In season with heavy rainfall, shipwreck forms rainwash to infiltrate, and rich water runs off, and the arid season root system is difficult to utilize underground water source, causes output to descend, and has a strong impact on national food safety and agricultural sustainable development.And exist topsoil shallow equally as the Yellow River and Huai He River Haiti district of major grain producing area, lower floor's consolidation layer thickening, the soil structure variation, admit the natural precipitation ability to reduce, three-phase is out of proportion, the iris action of tillage pan is serious all the more, and particularly 20-40cm soil layer problem is particularly outstanding, has become one of key constraints of this district's arable soil high yield.Though research was arranged in the past by turning over or mode such as deep ploughing reduces the unit weight of plow layer, break tillage pan, the quantification of tilth and soil physics index is described shortcoming.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to problem at the soil structure existence of major grain producing area, the Yellow River and Huai He River sea, to improve soil structure, to strengthen soil water storage and hold fertile ability, realize the high-efficiency continuous target that is utilized as of soil, a kind of quantification regulate and control method of the soil physics structure at the summer corn high yield is provided, realizes that for this area sustainable use of grain large tracts of land high yield and soil provides effective way.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
The present invention be directed to the regulate and control method of the soil physics structure of summer corn high yield:
(1) broadcasts preceding deep ploughing (pine): before summer corn preceding crop (wheat, rape or other crops) sowing, soil is deep ploughed or dark pine with the high-power power machine tool, tilth is 30-35cm, and the dark loose degree of depth is 40-45cm, and the soil plough horizon unit weight that makes 0-20cm is 1.2-1.3g/cm
3, 20-40cm soil plough horizon unit weight is not higher than 1.4g/cm
3, enrich 15 kilograms of urea in conjunction with straw-returning simultaneously;
(2) broadcast the back ridging: when corn seeding, require the capable sowing of width, wide line space 70-80cm, narrow row spacing 40-50cm, corn shooting stage when exhibition leaf (promptly 6 complete) is in conjunction with fertilization strategy, carry out the cultivation and banking ridging, require the big ridge of duplicate rows, in the loose row of corn, ditch, narrow row ridging ridging, the high 15-20cm in ridge (apart from furrow), row spacing 50-60cm.
Described ridge shape is trapezoidal.
The present invention adopts the active soil stratum thickness that deep ploughing (pine) adds has increased maize root system behind the ridging, makes the thickness of plough horizon be increased to more than the 35cm, and soil fertility increases greatly; Simultaneously because the deep ploughing (pine) before broadcasting, reduced the bulk density of soil, promote root system to extend, enlarge root absorbing area, increased root dry weight and root system vigor, effectively delayed later stage root system aging, deep ploughing (pine) has also increased the storing water and preserving fertility ability of soil, make and reduce rainwash in rainy season, arid season can make full use of underground water source.The stalwartness of root system has promoted the substance accumulation of overground part and the enhancing of a series of physiological functions, plays to increase source expansion storehouse effect, causes the corn big panicle many grains per panicle, and output improves.
The present invention can significantly reduce the no-tillage summer corn bulk density of soil, increase soil porosity, improve soil physical property, improve biological activity of soil and strengthen biological fertility, promote growing and strengthening the root system vigor of maize root system, significantly improved crop yield and benefit.Tracing it to its cause is that deep ploughing or dark pine have been improved the soil physics structure, and making has increased the soil water storage fertilizer-preserving ability by soil " three-phase " eurythmy, and plow layer has been thickeied in ridge culture simultaneously, makes root system form little territory environment of " loose ventilation, soil fertility is fertile " on every side.The present invention effectively improves soil structure with it, strengthen soil fertility, significantly improve superiority such as output, has stronger operability in addition, necessaryly especially implemented in no-tillage and direct-seeding summer corn district, the Yellow River and Huai He River sea in the whole nation, after this district uses, its outstanding advantage be will bring into play, significant ecology, economic and social benefit obtained.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
The inventor adopts method of the present invention to carry out test for many years in Agricultural University Of He'nan science and education garden, adopts the microcell constructed experiment, the manual simulation's deep ploughing or the suitable bulk density of soil of dark pine each layer of back, and promptly 0-20cm soil layer unit weight is designed to 1.2g/cm
3, 20-40cm soil layer unit weight is designed to 1.3g/cm
3When corn seeding, require the capable sowing of width, wide line space 75cm, narrow row spacing 45cm is emerged the back shooting stage, carries out the cultivation and banking ridging in conjunction with fertilising, ditches narrow row ridging ridging, the high 20cm in ridge, row spacing 45cm in the loose row of corn.With unit weight design (contrast) 1.2g/cm near land for growing field crops reality
3(0-20cm) and 1.6g/cm
3(20-40cm) compare test, the technology of the present invention is gone up the beneficial effects such as growth, root system vigor of maize root system in 3 kinds of soil typess (moisture soil, shajiang black soil and drab soil) and investigate and analyse.
1. the present invention is to the influence of maize root system form and physiologically active
Table 1 dual mode is to the influence of maize root system proterties on the different soils type
Know by table 1, summer corn root system length of the present invention and root dry weight obviously increase, especially increase more significantly behind jointing, weave silk on 3 kinds of soil typess and the average increasing degree of maturing stage root length is 41.9% and 27.5%, the heavy increasing degree of root is 35.9% and 32.3%; Especially bigger with sticking heavy shajiang black soil of quality and the basic poor drab soil increasing degree of fertility on 3 kinds of soil typess, the long average amplification of its root reaches 55.0% and 23.1% respectively, and the heavy amplification of root reaches 49.4% and 40.3%.The raising that the present invention simultaneously also shows corn later stage root system vigor and root system atpase activity after using, increasing degree reaches 35.8% and 27.4%, has effectively delayed the aging of root system later stage, has played the effect of transferring the strong root of soil.
2. the present invention is to the influence of soil physical property and biological character
Table 2 dual mode is to the influence of the bulk density of soil and porosity
As shown in Table 2, behind the soil ridging of the present invention, face bulk density of soil comparison in ridge is according to reducing by 4.38%～7.95%, and the soil porosity comparison is according to improving 4.69%～10.53%.No matter 30～40cm soil layer is ridge face or furrow, and the bulk density of soil is all less than contrast, and soil porosity is all greater than contrast.As seen, the ridge face bulk density of soil of plant growth is reduced, porosity increases, and more helps crop root extension and growth.
Rhizosphere soil microorganism quantity compares (individual/the g dry ground) under table 3 dual mode
Enzyme activity of rhizosphere soil relatively under table 4 dual mode
The present invention has not only improved soil physical property, has also effectively improved the biologically active of soil simultaneously.From table 3,4 as can be known, summer corn rhizosphere soil bacteria of the present invention, fungi and actinomycetes quantity is apparently higher than contrast, and difference reaches significance level, and different microorganisms group is especially the most remarkable with bacterium and fungi amplification.The present invention compares respectively according to increasing by 97.46%, 94.40% and 98.13% in shooting stage, the phase of weaving silk and maturing stage micro organism quantity summation.The present invention has simultaneously also obviously improved soil enzyme activities, and except that neutral phosphatase, soil saccharase activity, proteinase activity and urease activity all show obvious increase.
3. the present invention is to the influence of output and benefit
Table 5 ridge culture is peaceful makes the summer corn yield traits relatively
Table 6 ridge culture is peaceful makes the summer corn yield traits relatively
Take temperature by (table 5) from two annual outputs, the performance of summer corn yield traits better under the planting type of the present invention.Compared with the control, showing as the summer corn grain number per spike increases, and bald point is long to shorten, and thousand kernel weight is improved; Grain number per spike and thousand kernel weight increasing degree reach 3.8% and 4.42～6.24% respectively.It is 5.91～12.84% that the present invention uses back actual production amount of increase in production, reaches significance level with contrast difference.
Embodiment 2
Adopt method of the present invention to carry out field experiment in Xunxian, Henan Province institute of agricultural sciences experimental field:
Experimental group: before the sowing of summer corn preceding crop, soil is deep ploughed, tilth is 30cm, and the soil plough horizon unit weight that makes 0-20cm is 1.2g/cm
3, the soil plough horizon unit weight 1.3-1.4g/cm of 20-30cm
3, join for every mu and execute 15 kilograms of urea.When corn seeding, require the capable sowing of width, wide line space 70cm, narrow row spacing 40cm is emerged the back shooting stage, executes the fertile 7Kg/ mu of N seedling stage, carries out the cultivation and banking ridging, ditches narrow row ridging ridging, the high 15cm in ridge, row spacing 40cm in the loose row of corn.
Control group: before the sowing of summer corn preceding crop, the soil cultivation degree of depth is 20cm, joins for every mu and executes 15 kilograms of urea.When corn seeding, require the capable sowing of width, wide line space 70cm, narrow row spacing 40cm executes the fertile 7Kg/ mu of N seedling stage.
The performance of summer corn yield traits better under the planting type of the present invention.Compared with the control, grain number per spike increases to some extent, long the shortening of the bald point of summer corn, and thousand kernel weight improves 4.5%, and actual production amount of increase in production of the present invention is 6.2%.
Embodiment 3
Adopt method of the present invention to carry out field experiment at Xuchang County, Henan Province Chen Caoxiang:
Experimental group: before the sowing of summer corn preceding crop, soil is deep ploughed, tilth is 35cm, and the soil plough horizon unit weight that makes 0-20cm is 1.3g/cm
3, the soil plough horizon unit weight 1.3-1.4g/cm of 20-40cm
3, join for every mu and execute 15 kilograms of urea.When corn seeding, require the capable sowing of width, wide line space 75cm, narrow row spacing 45cm, the back shooting stage of emerging is carried out the cultivation and banking ridging, ditches narrow row ridging ridging, the high 18cm in ridge, row spacing 45cm in the loose row of corn.
Control group: before the sowing of summer corn preceding crop, the soil cultivation degree of depth is 20cm, joins for every mu and executes 15 kilograms of urea.When corn seeding, require the capable sowing of width, wide line space 70cm, narrow row spacing 40cm executes the fertile 7Kg/ mu of N seedling stage.
The performance of summer corn yield traits better under the planting type of the present invention.Compared with the control, grain number per spike increases to some extent, long the shortening of the bald point of summer corn, and thousand kernel weight improves 5.2%, and actual production amount of increase in production of the present invention is 8%.
Embodiment 4
Adopt method of the present invention to carry out field experiment in agricultural synthesis project development zone, Fangcheng County, Henan Province:
Experimental group: before the sowing of summer corn preceding crop, soil is deep ploughed, tilth is 40cm, and the soil plough horizon unit weight that makes 0-20cm is 1.2g/cm
3, the soil plough horizon unit weight 1.3-1.4g/cm of 20-40cm
3, join for every mu and execute 15 kilograms of urea.When corn seeding, require the capable sowing of width, wide line space 80cm, narrow row spacing 50cm, the back shooting stage of emerging is carried out the cultivation and banking ridging, ditches narrow row ridging ridging, the high 20cm in ridge, row spacing 50cm in the loose row of corn.
Control group: with embodiment 1.
The performance of summer corn yield traits better under the planting type of the present invention.Compared with the control, grain number per spike increases to some extent, long the shortening of the bald point of summer corn, and thousand kernel weight improves 6.1%, and actual production amount of increase in production of the present invention is 10.3%.
Claims (2)
1. regulate and control method at the soil physics structure of summer corn high yield is characterized in that:
(1) broadcast preceding deep ploughing (pine): before the sowing of summer corn preceding crop, soil is deep ploughed (pine), tilth is 30-35cm, and making the soil layer unit weight of 0-20cm by deep ploughing is 1.2-1.3g/cm
3, the soil layer unit weight of 20-40cm is 1.3-1.4g/cm
3, every mu enriches 15 kilograms of urea;
(2) broadcast the back ridging: when corn seeding, require the capable sowing of width, wide line space 70-80cm, narrow row spacing 40-50cm, the corn shooting stage, carry out the cultivation and banking ridging, in the loose row of corn, ditch narrow row ridging ridging, the high 15-20cm in ridge, ridge face width 50-60cm.
2. the regulate and control method of the soil physics structure at the summer corn high yield according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described ridge shape is trapezoidal.
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| CN2009100655182A CN101743826B (en) | 2009-07-23 | 2009-07-23 | Physical structure regulating method of high-yield soil for summer corns |
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| CN2009100655182A CN101743826B (en) | 2009-07-23 | 2009-07-23 | Physical structure regulating method of high-yield soil for summer corns |
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| CN101743826B CN101743826B (en) | 2011-08-10 |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102301893A (en) * | 2011-07-22 | 2012-01-04 | 高荣 | Method for cultivating double wide-narrow bushes by alternatively changing wide rows and narrow rows of corn strip field in quantified and positioned manner |
| CN102396333A (en) * | 2010-09-15 | 2012-04-04 | 梨树县农机技术推广总站 | Wide-row flat planting protective tillage planting method for maizes |
| CN102783328A (en) * | 2012-05-28 | 2012-11-21 | 山西农业大学 | Dry land wheat region fallow period water storage and soil moisture preservation cultivation method |
| CN105706699A (en) * | 2016-02-26 | 2016-06-29 | 陈久芳 | Method for planting corn by utilizing golden section proportion |
| CN106171095A (en) * | 2016-07-27 | 2016-12-07 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | A kind of black soil of Northeast China farmland mechanization high standard autumn method of soil preparation |
| CN106804148A (en) * | 2017-02-10 | 2017-06-09 | 山西省农业科学院现代农业研究中心 | Northern farming and pastoral area high-quality topsoil construction method |
| CN109221682A (en) * | 2018-10-11 | 2019-01-18 | 毕忠吉 | A kind of preparation method of efficient ensilage |
-
2009
- 2009-07-23 CN CN2009100655182A patent/CN101743826B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102396333A (en) * | 2010-09-15 | 2012-04-04 | 梨树县农机技术推广总站 | Wide-row flat planting protective tillage planting method for maizes |
| CN102396333B (en) * | 2010-09-15 | 2013-07-10 | 梨树县农机技术推广总站 | Wide-row flat planting protective tillage planting method for maizes |
| CN102301893A (en) * | 2011-07-22 | 2012-01-04 | 高荣 | Method for cultivating double wide-narrow bushes by alternatively changing wide rows and narrow rows of corn strip field in quantified and positioned manner |
| CN102783328A (en) * | 2012-05-28 | 2012-11-21 | 山西农业大学 | Dry land wheat region fallow period water storage and soil moisture preservation cultivation method |
| CN105706699A (en) * | 2016-02-26 | 2016-06-29 | 陈久芳 | Method for planting corn by utilizing golden section proportion |
| CN105706699B (en) * | 2016-02-26 | 2018-08-21 | 陈久芳 | The method for carrying out corn plant using golden section |
| CN106171095A (en) * | 2016-07-27 | 2016-12-07 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | A kind of black soil of Northeast China farmland mechanization high standard autumn method of soil preparation |
| CN106171095B (en) * | 2016-07-27 | 2018-04-20 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | A kind of black soil of Northeast China farmland mechanization high standard autumn method of soil preparation |
| CN106804148A (en) * | 2017-02-10 | 2017-06-09 | 山西省农业科学院现代农业研究中心 | Northern farming and pastoral area high-quality topsoil construction method |
| CN106804148B (en) * | 2017-02-10 | 2019-08-02 | 山西省农业科学院现代农业研究中心 | Northern farming and pastoral area high quality topsoil construction method |
| CN109221682A (en) * | 2018-10-11 | 2019-01-18 | 毕忠吉 | A kind of preparation method of efficient ensilage |
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