CN1017395B - The preparation method of Zeolite cultivating substrate for plant - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention is that the soilless culture substrate that uses is produced in a kind of suitable plant cultivation.Adopt the using natural clinoptilolite ore deposit to process, procedure is: ore dressing, granulation, activation, carry fertile, be mixed.The raw ore that selection contains 56% above clinoptilolite is a raw material, and best grade is the 20-40 order, and carries out acid activation or high-temperature activation, adopt a single fertile part of element to carry fertile the processing after, being mixed according to different plant growing needs forms.It is very strong that this plant cultivation media is protected fertile water retention capacity, discharges slowly fertilely, and fertilizer efficiency is of a specified duration late, and aseptic, odorless, nontoxic, is suitable for various floricultures, ornamental plant, and factory culture productions such as vegetable gardening are used.

Description

The preparation method of Zeolite cultivating substrate for plant

The present invention relates to a kind of zeolite plant cultivation media, be specially adapted to clinoptilolite plant cultivation media as plant cultivations such as landscape flower and vegetables.

Clinoptilolite is a kind of nonmetallic ore, and all there is distribution countries in the world.Various countries start from industry to the development and use of zeolite, are used for agricultural to the sixties, and the agricultural test of the zeolite of China is started late, and according to reported in literature, start from 1975.A large amount of work has successively been done on ground such as Zhejiang, Fujian, Heilongjiang Province, but also just be manured into soil the zeolite breeze is broken, based on the character of improving the soil, though the fruit that aspect volume increase, also takes effect, yet the agricultural Bi Jing to zeolite is confined to routine, also is the most original using method.Traditional flower landscape cultivation matrix is that loam, humus accompany by organic matter, its shortcoming is a lot, unhygienic, can not be indiscriminately ad. as one wishes according to the proterties of the characteristic changing basin soil of plant, therefore a lot of rare flowers are potted plant being unlikely to survive several years in special area, at source also need experienced worker employed in a plant nursery, constantly strengthen fostering, change basin, in the hope of normal growth.The factory culture production of plant such as landscape flower, vegetables, nutrient solution need be constantly used in many employings of past water planting, husky training, and not only apparatus expensive, and operating technology is cumbersome, is difficult to penetration and promotion.

The objective of the invention is to utilize the performance characteristics of zeolite, a kind of preparation method of Zeolite cultivating substrate for plant is provided.Take a single fertile part element to carry fertilizer, be mixed into the special-purpose cultivation matrix of plants such as various flowers and trees, vegetables, make it become full nutrient cultivation matrix.And avoid frequent pouring nutrient solution, so claim " Zeolite cultivating substrate for plant " thus cultivation technique without soil is promoted at large.

Method provided by the invention by ore dressing, activation, carry fertile, procedure such as be mixed and realize.

Ore dressing: the raw ore that selection contains 56% above clinoptilolite is a raw material; Granulate: best grade is the 20-40 order; Activation: adopt two kinds of acid activation and high-temperature activations; Carry fertile: for single fertile part element is handled; Be mixed: prepare respectively according to different plant growing needs.

Principle and implementation method to each step is further described below.

Activation processing: using natural clinoptilolite is a kind of cationic aluminium silicate mineral of interchangeability that contains, and unique hole and channel design are arranged, and under the certain physics chemical condition, has accurately and fixing diameter about 3-11

This screen work formula crystal structure of zeolite is comprising many ducts and cavity, often is ostracised outside lattice for big cation, and small cation then can enter crystal by window and duct.Taking off with illiteracy in the clinoptilolite of rock, the interlayer that the sizable cation of radius also can enter (comprising many organic cations) montmorillonite carries out cation exchange.The crystallization of decision zeolite ion exchange character, chemical factor is the frame structure of zeolite, and the cation exchange of non-equivalence is not by means of equivalent exchange in zeolite simultaneously, and relies on room that occurs, and the local equalize of maintenance valence realizes.How to make cation enter the duct, enter crystal and increase that this will lean on the means of activation processing.Acid treatment, high temperature treatment are arranged usually.

Acid treatment: the theoretical foundation of acid system is to reduce with acid treatment clinoptilolite cation ponding meeting, with variable concentrations acid (0.1 И, 1 И, 2 И H ₂SO ₄With 2 И HCl at 85 ℃ of following 4h) handle and tiltedly to send out stone and show, except decationized Y sieve, also find the screen work dealuminzation, at this moment under the situation that exchangeable cation reduces, when the Si/Al ratio increases, the alkali-metal relatively concentration of alkaline earth metal takes place to be increased, between content that very typical feature is an aluminium and the exchangeable cation total amount linear relation is arranged, handle with concentrated acid, the dealumination process of zeolite, in fact aluminium do not change total exchangeable cation ratio, and when handling clinoptilolite with diluted acid, can remove decationizing aluminium fully then to remain unchanged, therefore can improve within the specific limits and improve its absorption property with the acid treatment clinoptilolite.We select HCl, and concentration is 0.1 И, and temperature 70-90 ℃, soak 3-5h, pull zeolite granular is removed in the back with flushing with clean water free acid out.

High temperature treatment: the theoretical foundation of high temperature treatment is that exchangeable cation and water can be configured on the diverse location of zeolite crystal structure, simultaneously when filling the zeolite crystal inner space, exchangeable cation and hydrone or other fluid molecule are competed each other, and hydrone then has been full of free space.Through Overheating Treatment, most of " zeolite water " can be removed, make room increase in the zeolite cavity, so just strengthen its adsorption capacity.The test of activation temperature and time is learnt according to thermally-stabilised research, and heat absorption paddy appears in the clinoptilolite heating between 100-200 ℃, and the weightlessness that is warmed to continuously more than 300 ℃ is gradually not obvious, so we have selected 300 ℃ to be the upper limit of activation temperature.We have selected 4 retainings about the time, and promptly 1h, 2h, 3h, 4h can reach constant weight during 300 ℃ of heating 3h, but what directly influence soak time for place capacity and zeolite throwing amount, need to consider when the design production technology.

Carry fertile the processing:

Carry the selection of fertile optimal granularity: theoretically, granularity heals, and thin contact surface increases, adsorption capacity is stronger, water retention capacity is also strong, but as cultivation matrix, its air capacity of soils is very poor, therefore our the grade screening of carrying fertilizer ground substance both it is also noted that the power of adsorption capacity, considered the good of venting capability again, our suction nitrogen (И H ₄HCO ₃) test 20-100 order difference is little, descend greater than adsorbing capacity behind 100 orders, so we have adopted the 20-40 order.

Carry the selection of fertile Treatment Solution concentration: the zeolite matrix adsorbing capacity increases along with concentration and the adsorbing capacity increase, but adsorption rate weakens thereupon.Use as full fertilizer efficiency matrix, requiring has higher load, thus its concentration that yes is saturated for well, but from the economic point of view, saturated concentration will exceed almost one times than semi-saturation concentration with fertilizer, but adsorbing capacity increases less than 38%, and is very uneconomical.Test simultaneously learns, semi-saturation concentration is handled its effectively fertile part and can be kept two in vegetation flowers and grow the cycle, and matrix still has the effect of absorption again, selects semi-saturation concentration comparatively desirable for this reason.

Carry the fertile selection of handling required time: after grade, concentration are determined, how long when handling, need, under normal temperature laboratory, test with nitrogen, finding to soak (stirring) 1h suction nitrogen rate is 52.3%, 6h is 66.4%, and 12h reaches 76.6%, 18h reaches and 84%, 1 reaches 89.09% round the clock, do not see growth round the clock up to 2, and we think that to handle diel just passable.

Zeolite itself has nutrients such as potassium ferrosilicon, if handle through nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer part, can become full nutrient cultivation matrix again.With semi-saturation concentration carbon ammonium И H ₄HCO ₄: 1: 25 double superphosphate Ca(H of zeolite ₂PO ₄) ₂H ₂O: zeolite 1: 20, potassium chloride kCl: 1: 17 solution-treated active zeolite of zeolite, to plant two of can keep the vegetation flowers through examination and grow the cycle, this is enough to illustrate that full fertilizer efficiency zeolite matrix has the characteristics that fertile gentle slow release is put fertilizer efficiency of protecting.Therefore about promptly can suitably mending with nitrogen when watering after a year and a half, phosphate fertilizer only just considers to mend potassium in the flowers that need potassium especially.

Zeolite matrix carries fertilizer and is treated to single fertile part element, therefore can be made into different proportion nitrogen, phosphorus, the special-purpose cultivation matrix of potassium.As southern flowers happiness phosphorus, happiness potassium, just can be phosphorus, potassium carrier dosage when preparation matrix, trace element fertilizer can regularly apply.Zeolite has the ability of very strong absorption fertilizer, utilize these characteristics in flowers, vegetable growing are produced, also can apply the fertilizer of night soil class, utilize its absorption property to keep fertilizer efficiency to fertilizer, be destitute of smell, free from environmental pollution, unfavorable be exactly that the dirt that becomes of white, the beautiful color and luster of zeolite matrix jade-like stone has been become rusty not as original attractive in appearance.

In addition, with this matrix contrast matrix is that perlite, vermiculite, sandy soil were once made the flowers pot experiment, be used for showy flowers of herbaceous plants test, flower number contrast increases 3-5 doubly, zeolite matrix contrast matrix was bloomed 10-15 days in advance, dry matter 1-1.5 doubly Woody flower such as Chinese rose, jasmine, Milan, the florescence such as has a smile on one's face and generally prolongs 5-20 days, and well-grown.

Be used for tomato, green pepper experiment in cultivation, the florescence contrasts and shifts to an earlier date nearly 20 days, ripe 15 days in advance of fruit, and output improves 15-36%.

Be used for the seedling production test, contrast the matrix germination rate and improve 38%, went out seedling in advance 18 days, the number of blade differs 1 times, transplants the back and improves survival rate 13%.

Advantage of the present invention is the characteristic of property of having utilized zeolite, makes it adopt a single fertile part element to carry fertilizer, according to different flowers, plant, biological characteristics, is mixed into required cultivation matrix. This matrix fertilizer conservation, water holding capacity are very strong, release fertilizer slowly, and fertilizer efficiency is late of a specified duration, avoids watering frequently Nutrient solution. Because the zeolite cultivation matrix is applicable to various flower cultures, gardens, vegetable gardening plant factor cultivation production and application through aseptic, the odorless, nontoxic of carrier after the activation process, particularly high-temperature process, also be specially adapted to parlor, flower growing in rooms use. Thereby cultivation technique without soil is promoted commonly. More one of value what carry is that this matrix bulk specific weight is 0.8-1.0/cm³, host material commonly used is light, is the big city building balcony, the green plants cultivation matrix that the roof garden is very desirable.

Claims (1)

1, a kind of preparation method of Zeolite cultivating substrate for plant, be specially adapted to the clinoptilolite plant cultivation media, be to replace soil through pulverizing, it is characterized in that through activation processing, be acid activation or high-temperature activation, after taking a single fertile part element to carry fertile the processing after the activation, being mixed is the special-purpose cultivation matrix of the required usefulness of different plant growings:

A. acid activation acid (HOl) concentration is 0.1H, and temperature is 70-90 ℃, and the time is 3-5h;

B. temperature is 200-350 ℃ during high-temperature activation, and the time is 2-3h;

C. to carry fertile concentration be semi-saturation to single-element, and temperature is 40-60 ℃, and the time is 1-24h;

D. pulverizing granulates is the 20-40 order.