CN101688753A - 通过低温蒸馏分离氢、甲烷和一氧化碳的混合物的方法和装置 - Google Patents

通过低温蒸馏分离氢、甲烷和一氧化碳的混合物的方法和装置 Download PDF

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CN101688753A
CN101688753A CN200880018978A CN200880018978A CN101688753A CN 101688753 A CN101688753 A CN 101688753A CN 200880018978 A CN200880018978 A CN 200880018978A CN 200880018978 A CN200880018978 A CN 200880018978A CN 101688753 A CN101688753 A CN 101688753A
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J·比利
A·埃尔南德斯
M-K·戚
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LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种通过低温蒸馏分离包含氢、甲烷和一氧化碳的混合物的方法,在该方法中,所述混合物被冷却且至少一部分供给到液态CO涤气塔(5)中,收集涤气塔的塔顶气体(7),涤气塔箱的液体可选地在净化后被输送至CO/CH4分离塔(33),从CO/CH4分离塔收集富CO流体(47,59),然后被加压且(可选地,在气体情况下冷凝之后)供给到涤气塔的顶部,使用一循环以提供分离能量(负大卡)的至少一部分,且在CO/CH4分离塔的箱收集富甲烷液体(39)。

Description

通过低温蒸馏分离氢、甲烷和一氧化碳的混合物的方法和装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于通过低温蒸馏分离氢、甲烷和一氧化碳的混合物的方法和装置。特别地涉及一种用于生产具有低CH4含量的H2/CO的混合物的方法,可能结合有液体形式的CH4的生产。
背景技术
用于生产一氧化碳和氢的单元可分成以下两个部分:
-生产合成气(主要包含H2、CO、CH4、CO2、Ar和N2的混合物)。在用于生产合成气的各种工业方法中,蒸汽重整是最重要的。包括炉在内的这种单元的设计是基于CO和氢的所需产量。但是,基于煤的气化的单元在运行成本方面具有很多优点,且特别在例如中国的国家中逐渐发展。这种包括利用氧使煤发生气化的反应器的单元的设计是基于CO和氢的所需产量。
-净化合成气。其特征在于:
-用于去除合成气中包含的酸性气体的大部分的液体-溶剂涤气/洗涤单元
-在吸附剂床上进行净化的净化单元
-称为冷箱的低温分离单元,该低温分离单元用于生产CO和/或氢和/或称为合成气(oxogaz)的一氧化碳和氢的混合物,该混合物具有规定的H2/CO比率。
通常情况下,合成气包括高压(15至60bar之间)混合物,该混合物包含以下化合物:H2、CO、CH4、N2、Ar。
已知用于将包含氢、一氧化碳和甲烷的混合物低温分离的两类主要方法:甲烷涤气法和部分冷凝法。
甲烷涤气/洗涤的优点之一在于允许生产具有良好纯度的压力氢,该氢的CO含量在0.5mol%至几个ppm的范围内。但是,通过这种使用甲烷涤气的方法,残余的CH4的含量通常不能达到低于1mol%。
在需要生产CH4的含量小于1mol%的氢或H2/CO混合物(特别是用于生产MeOH)的某些情况下,仅有的替代方案是采用部分冷凝的方法,在该方法中,合成气被冷却至-186℃的量级以便达到允许H2/CO气态混合物中的CH4的含量降低到低于1mol%的热动力平衡。
就循环压缩机的能量而言,达到这个温度水平是很费成本的。
发明内容
本发明的构思在于使得分离能量(和从而待供应至循环压缩机的能量)明显降低。
US-A-4488890和US-A-6098424提出一种使用液态一氧化碳涤气塔的方法,在该方法中由一氧化碳循环产生基本全部的冷能。
在生产包含低CH4含量(通常低于1mol%)的氢和CO的混合物的情况下,构思是将合成气冷却至接近于-167℃的温度(从而比部分冷凝方案高20℃),在CO涤气塔中处理蒸气相,液态CO在该CO涤气塔的顶部处注入该CO涤气塔。
本发明的一个目的在于一种通过低温蒸馏分离氢、一氧化碳和甲烷的混合物的方法,在该方法中,所述混合物在交换管路中冷却且至少一部分被输送至液态CO涤气塔内,从涤气塔的顶部提取气体,来自涤气塔的底部液体(在需要时在净化后)被输送至CO/CH4分离塔,富CO液体在CO/CH4分离塔的顶部被提取出,至少部分地加压且至少部分被输送至涤气塔的顶部,富甲烷液体作为最终产品在CO/CH4分离塔的底部被提取出,由使用氮、甲烷、氧、氩、氦或氢作为循环流体的封闭循环提供分离能量的至少一部分。
在其它可选的方面:
-从涤气塔顶部提取出的气体是包含小于1mol%的CH4的H2和CO的混合物;
-封闭循环用于使CO/CH4塔的塔顶液体冷凝;
-封闭循环用于使CO/CH4塔和/或汽提塔的底部液体再沸腾;
-封闭循环提供用于使得此CH4液化的至少一部分能量;
-封闭循环的两种液体在交换管路中在至少两种不同的压力下蒸发;
-利用泵对从CO/CH4塔提取出的富一氧化碳液体的至少一部分加压,且将泵送的液体的至少一部分输送至涤气塔;
-以下温度中的至少两种至多相差5℃:
混合物进入涤气塔的入口温度;
来自CO/CH4塔的富CO液体的温度;
过冷液态甲烷的温度。
本发明的另一方面提供一种通过低温蒸馏分离氢、一氧化碳和甲烷的混合物的设备,该设备包括液态CO涤气/洗涤塔、CO/CH4分离塔,混合物在其中冷却的交换管路和用于将被冷却的混合物的至少一部分输送至涤气塔的装置,用于在涤气塔顶部提取气体的装置,用于将来自涤气塔的底部液体(在需要时在净化后)输送至CO/CH4分离塔的装置,用于从CO/CH4分离塔抽取富CO液体的装置,用于给抽取的液体的至少一部分加压的装置,和用于将加压液体的至少一部分输送至涤气塔的顶部的装置,和用于在CO/CH4分离塔的底部抽取富甲烷液体作为最终产品的装置,和使用氮、甲烷、氧、氩、氦或氢作为循环流体以提供分离能量的至少一部分的封闭循环。
根据其它可选的方面,该设备包括:
-用于抽取液体形式的CH4作为最终产品的装置;
-提供用于使此CH4液化的能量的至少一部分的封闭循环;
-用于净化CO/CH4分离塔上游的涤气塔的底部液体的汽提塔;
-连接到CO/CH4塔顶部和涤气塔顶部的泵。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图详细描述本发明,该附图示出根据本发明的设备。
在图1中,在高压(通常在15至60bar之间)下的可用的合成气1在主交换器3中冷却,且在交换管路中部分冷凝至量级为-167℃的温度。蒸气相被输送至涤气塔5的底部,蒸气相在该涤气塔中利用由塔5的顶部注入的液态CO 51进行涤气。这使得能够将涤气塔5的顶部处产生的蒸气7中的CH4的含量降至低于1mol%,从而该蒸气可在交换管路中复热后例如在MeOH单元中进行处理。
液态CO涤气塔5的底部处的液相11高度富含CH4且还包含CO和溶解的氢。此液体11被输送至具有底部再沸器15的汽提塔13的顶部,以便分离出氢并减小闪蒸塔17的底部液体中的氢的含量,从而减小在塔33中的CO和CH4的分离过程中不能冷凝的氢的量。
来自汽提塔的塔顶气体21在交换管路3中被加热并用作燃料。
来自汽提塔13的底部液体17被交换器19过冷,然后以两个部分输送到CO/CH4分离塔。一部分27在阀31中膨胀且被输送至塔33的上部。剩余部分23在阀29中膨胀,然后被加热器25加热,且然后被输送至塔33的下部。在(塔33的)顶部产生液体形式的CO 47,并输送至泵49,该泵49将CO的压力升至CO涤气塔5的压力水平。因此,在CO/CH4塔33的顶部和CO涤气塔5的顶部之间有内部液态CO回路,该内部液态CO回路通过至少一个低温泵49和一个阀53。
在需要时,液态CO的一部分55可通过阀57被输送至涤气塔5的塔顶气体7中以形成混合流9。这使得能够调节气体的CO/H2比率。
在CO/CH4塔33的底部产生液体形式的CH439。CO/CH4塔具有底部再沸器37和顶部冷凝器35。
此方案的选项之一是为了补充具有低的CH4含量的H2/CO混合物7而生产包含少量CO的纯甲烷,从而可以将此含有少量CO的纯甲烷以LNG 45的形式售卖。
离开CO/CH4塔底部的此液态CH439在被输送以便储藏之前,将在交换管路41中过冷以便减小/限制所谓的“汽化(boil off)”蒸发液体的产生。阀43可用于绕过该管路41。
在需要时,来自CO/CO4塔33的塔顶气体59在压缩机61中压缩以形成流63,该流63在交换管路中冷凝并被送至涤气塔5的顶部以代替或补充来自泵49的泵送流。
由外部封闭循环提供分离能量。此循环也能够供应用于使得此CH439液化的能量。
用于该循环的气体可选自N2、CH4、O2、Ar、He、H2等。气体65用于使CO/CH4塔再沸,且然后形成液体67,该液体分成两个部分。一部分71通过阀73,且被送至顶部冷凝器35。在该冷凝器中蒸发的流作为流81、83被送至系列压缩机85、87、89。在压缩机89中压缩的流91被分成两个部分93、95,这两个部分93、95在两个并行的压缩机97、99中被压缩。被压缩后的流95、101合并形成流103,该流103被分成两个部分。一部分105在交换管路3中部分冷却然后分成两份。一份109在涡轮机111中膨胀至中间温度,且膨胀后的流113在交换管路3中的中间温度水平被送回流81。另一份被以比109在交换管路3中冷却的温度更低的温度送至涡轮机115中,并在交换管路3的上游与流81汇合。流107在交换管路3中被完全冷却,且作为流65被输送以便使得CO/CH4塔再沸。
使流77、81在交换器3中以不同的压力蒸发能够使得热交换最佳。
在图2中,在高压(通常在15和60bar之间)下的可用的合成气1包含15mol%的甲烷。该合成气被分成两个部分,一部分1A在主交换器3中冷却,剩余的部分1B绕过主交换器,然后和流1A重新混合,且作为流③被输送至CO/CH4塔33的底部再沸器37。在该底部再沸器中冷却的流④被输送返回主交换器3的中间温度(位置),并在交换管路中部分冷凝至量级为-167℃的温度。该流④被输送至涤气塔5的底部,在该处利用在塔5的顶部处注入的液态CO 51涤气。这使得能够将在涤气塔5的顶部处产生的蒸气7中的CH4含量降至低于1mol%,从而该蒸气能够在交换管路中加热后例如在MeOH单元中被处理。
在液态CO涤气塔5的底部处的液相11高度富含CH4,且还包括CO和溶解的氢。此液体11被送至具有底部再沸器15的汽提塔13的顶部,以便分离出氢并减小氢在闪蒸塔17的底部液体中的含量,从而减小在塔33中分离CO和CH4的过程中不能冷凝的氢的量。
来自汽提塔的塔顶气体21在交换管路3中被加热且用作燃料。
来自汽提塔13的底部液体17被交换器19过冷,然后以两个部分输送到CO/CH4分离塔。一部分27在阀31中膨胀,且被输送至塔33的上部。剩余部分23在阀29中膨胀,然后被加热器25加热,且然后被输送至塔33的下部。在(塔33的)顶部产生液体形式的CO 47,并输送至泵49,该泵49将CO的压力升至CO涤气塔5的压力水平。因此,在CO/CH4塔33的顶部和CO涤气塔5的顶部之间有通过至少一个低温泵49和一个阀53的内部液态CO回路。
在需要时,液态CO的一部分55可通过阀55输送至涤气塔5的塔顶气体7中以形成混合流9。这使得能够调节气体的CO/H2的比率。
在CO/CH4塔33的底部产生液体形式的CH439。CO/CH4塔具有底部再沸器37和顶部冷凝器35。
此方案的选项之一是为了补充具有低的CH4含量的H2/CO混合物7而生产包含少量CO的纯甲烷,从而可以LNG 45的形式售卖。
离开CO/CH4塔底部的此液态CH439在被输送以便储存之前,将在交换管路41中过冷以便限制所谓的“汽化”蒸发液体的产生。阀43可用于绕过该管路41。
在需要时,来自CO/CO4塔33的塔顶气体59在压缩机61中压缩以形成流63,该流63在交换管路3中冷凝并被送至涤气塔5的顶部代替或补充来自泵49的泵送流。
由外部封闭循环提供分离能量。此循环也能够供应用于使得此CH439液化的能量。
用于该循环的气体可选自N2、CH4、O2、Ar、He、H2
由循环气体169的流执行汽提塔13的再沸腾。被冷却的流171在阀173中膨胀并作为流177被送至CO/CH4塔33的顶部冷凝器35。流175被分成流177和179。该流177冷却冷凝器35。流179通过阀181被输送至交换器3,在该交换器3中该流179被加热。在再沸器35中被加热的流180与流167和194混合以便形成流183。此流183一旦被轻微加热,就和流179合并。10bar下的合并的流185被输送至系列循环压缩机85、87且然后部分送至压缩机89。在(压缩机)89处压缩的流的一部分169在39bar下被输送用于使得塔13再沸腾,剩余部分191在压缩机197中压缩至50bar以形成流201。流201被分成两个部分以形成流203,该流203前进通过阀205到涡轮机211以形成膨胀流167。流202通过交换器3且被分成三部分。流190也被输送至涡轮机211,流174和流171混合,流186在交换器3中被加热然后和来自压缩机87的流192合并以形成合并的流189。该流189被输送至压缩机199,在交换器3中部分冷却且在涡轮机215中膨胀以形成膨胀流194。
压缩机197联接于涡轮机211且压缩机199联接于涡轮机215。
使流179、186在交换器3中以两种不同的压力蒸发能够使得热交换最佳。
在本文全文中,术语“塔的顶部”包括从严格意义上的塔的顶部到距离此位置下方至多10个理论塔板的位置之间的范围的位置。

Claims (13)

1.一种通过低温蒸馏分离氢、一氧化碳和甲烷的混合物的方法,在该方法中,所述混合物在交换管路(3)中冷却且至少一部分被输送至液态CO涤气塔(5)中,气体(7)从涤气塔的顶部被提取出,来自涤气塔的底部液体(11)在需要时净化后被输送至CO/CH4分离塔(33),富CO液体(47)在CO/CH4分离塔的顶部被提取出,至少部分加压且至少部分被输送至所述涤气塔的顶部,富甲烷液体作为最终产品在CO/CH4分离塔(39)的底部被提取出,由使用氮、甲烷、氧、氩、氦或氢作为循环流体的封闭循环(65,67,79,81,91,93,95,101,103,105,107,113,117,167,169,171,175,177,179,183,185,189,190,192,194,201,203)提供分离能量的至少一部分。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,从涤气塔(5)顶部提取出的气体(7)是包含小于1mol%的CH4的H2和CO的混合物。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述封闭循环(65,67,79,81,91,93,95,101,103,105,107,113,117,167,169,171,175,177,179,183,185,189,190,192,194,201,203)用于使CO/CH4塔的塔顶液体冷凝。
4.根据权利要求1、2或3所述的方法,其特征在于,所述封闭循环(65,67,79,81,91,93,95,101,103,105,107,113,117,167,169,171,175,177,179,183,185,189,190,192,194,201,203)用于使CO/CH4塔和/或汽提塔的底部液体再沸腾。
5.根据前述权利要求中的任何一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述封闭循环(65,67,79,81,91,93,95,101,103,105,107,113,117,167,169,171,175,177,179,183,185,189,190,192,194,201,203)提供用于使所述CH4液化的能量的至少一部分。
6.根据前述权利要求中的任何一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述封闭循环(65,67,79,81,91,93,95,101,103,105,107,113,117,167,169,171,175,177,179,183,185,189,190,192,194,201,203)的至少两种液体(77,81;179,186)在交换管路中在至少两种不同的压力下蒸发。
7.根据前述权利要求中的任何一项所述的方法,其特征在于,以下温度中的至少两种至多相差5℃:
-所述混合物进入涤气塔(5)的入口温度;
-来自CO/CH4塔的富CO液体(47,51)的温度;
-过冷后的液态甲烷(45)的温度。
8.根据前述权利要求中的任何一项所述的方法,其特征在于,循环流体是甲烷。
9.根据权利要求1至7中任何一项所述的方法,其特征在于,循环流体是氮。
10.一种通过低温蒸馏分离氢、一氧化碳和甲烷的混合物的设备,该设备包括液态CO涤气塔(5),CO/CH4分离塔(33),所述混合物在其中冷却的交换管路(3)和用于将被冷却的混合物的至少一部分输送至该涤气塔的装置,用于在该涤气塔顶部提取气体的装置,用于将来自该涤气塔的底部液体在需要时净化后输送至所述CO/CH4分离塔的装置,用于从所述CO/CH4分离塔提取富CO液体的装置,用于给所述提取出的液体的至少一部分加压的装置(49),和用于将加压液体的至少一部分输送至所述涤气塔的顶部的装置,和用于在所述CO/CH4分离塔的底部提取富甲烷液体作为最终产品的装置,和使用氮、甲烷、氧、氩、氦或氢作为循环流体用以提供分离能量的至少一部分的封闭循环(65,67,79,81,91,93,95,101,103,105,107,113,117,167,169,171,175,177,179,183,185,189,190,192,194,201,203)。
11.根据权利要求10所述的设备,其特征在于,包括连接到所述CO/CH4塔的顶部和涤气塔的顶部的泵。
12.根据权利要求10或11所述的设备,其特征在于,所述封闭循环(65,67,79,81,91,93,95,101,103,105,107,113,117,167,169,171,175,177,179,183,185,189,190,192,194,201,203)提供用于使所述CH4液化的能量的至少一部分。
13.根据权利要求10至12中的任何一项所述的设备,其特征在于,包括用于净化所述CO/CH4分离塔(33)上游的所述涤气塔(5)的底部液体的汽提塔(13)。
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CN102674347A (zh) * 2012-05-17 2012-09-19 四川亚连科技有限责任公司 一种低温蒸馏制备一氧化碳的方法
CN109311665B (zh) * 2016-06-06 2022-08-16 乔治洛德方法研究和开发液化空气有限公司 用于通过低温蒸馏和低温洗涤联合生产氢气和氮气的混合物以及还有一氧化碳的方法和设备
CN109311665A (zh) * 2016-06-06 2019-02-05 乔治洛德方法研究和开发液化空气有限公司 用于通过低温蒸馏和低温洗涤联合生产氢气和氮气的混合物以及还有一氧化碳的方法和设备
CN107417495A (zh) * 2017-05-27 2017-12-01 李大鹏 一种煤制甲醇、lng、液体燃料的多联产方法及装置
EP3599438A1 (fr) 2018-07-25 2020-01-29 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Procede et appareil de separation cryogenique d'un melange de monoxyde de carbone, d'hydrogene et de methane pour la production de ch4
CN110779276A (zh) * 2018-07-25 2020-02-11 乔治洛德方法研究和开发液化空气有限公司 用于ch4生产中低温分离一氧化碳、氢气和甲烷的混合物的方法和装置
FR3084453A1 (fr) 2018-07-25 2020-01-31 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Procede et appareil de separation cryogenique d'un melange de monoxyde de carbone, d'hydrogene et de methane pour la production de ch4
CN110779276B (zh) * 2018-07-25 2022-12-13 乔治洛德方法研究和开发液化空气有限公司 用于ch4生产中低温分离一氧化碳、氢气和甲烷的混合物的方法和装置
US11965694B2 (en) 2018-07-25 2024-04-23 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Process and apparatus for the cryogenic separation of a mixture of carbon monoxide, hydrogen and methane for the production of CH4
CN112143537A (zh) * 2019-06-26 2020-12-29 乔治洛德方法研究和开发液化空气有限公司 用于生产ch4的低温分离合成气的方法和设备
FR3097951A1 (fr) 2019-06-26 2021-01-01 L'Air Liquide Société Anonyme pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude Procede et appareil de separation cryogenique d’un gaz de synthese pour la production de ch4

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US20100162754A1 (en) 2010-07-01
FR2915791B1 (fr) 2009-08-21
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EP2147270B1 (fr) 2019-11-06
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