CN101687858B - 作为多巴胺-β-羟化酶抑制剂的1,3-二氢咪唑-2-硫酮衍生物 - Google Patents
作为多巴胺-β-羟化酶抑制剂的1,3-二氢咪唑-2-硫酮衍生物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101687858B CN101687858B CN2008800151606A CN200880015160A CN101687858B CN 101687858 B CN101687858 B CN 101687858B CN 2008800151606 A CN2008800151606 A CN 2008800151606A CN 200880015160 A CN200880015160 A CN 200880015160A CN 101687858 B CN101687858 B CN 101687858B
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Abstract
本发明描述了式I的化合物及它们的制备方法,其中R1、R2和R3相同或不同,且表示氢、卤素、烷基、硝基、氨基、烷基羰基氨基、烷基氨基、或二烷基氨基基团;R4表示烷基芳基或烷基杂芳基;X表示CH2、氧原子或硫原子;n为2或3;包括其单独的(R)-和(S)-对映异构体或对映异构体的混合物;并且包括其药学上可接受的盐和酯。这些化合物具有治疗诸如高血压和慢性心力衰竭的心血管疾病的潜在的有价值的药学性质。
Description
本发明涉及多巴胺-β-羟化酶的周围选择性抑制剂、它们的制备方法以及它们作为药物的用途。
近几年中,对开发多巴胺-β-羟化酶(DβH)抑制剂的兴趣集中于这样的假设,即抑制这种酶可为患有心血管疾病如高血压或慢性心力衰竭的患者提供显著的临床改善。使用DβH抑制剂的基本原理是基于它们抑制经由多巴胺的酶促羟化实现的去甲肾上腺素的生物合成的能力。神经体液系统的激活,主要是交感神经系统,是充血性心力衰竭的主要临床表现(Parmley W.W.,Clinical Cardiology,18:440-445,1995)。充血性心力衰竭患者血浆去甲肾上腺素浓度升高(Levine,T.B.等,Am.J.Cardiol.,49:1659-1666,1982),中枢交感流出增加(Leimbach,W.N.等,Circulation,73:913-919,1986)和心肾去甲肾上腺素溢出增加(Hasking,G.J.等,Circulation,73:615-621,1966)。心肌长时间和过度的暴露于去甲肾上腺素可导致心脏β1-肾上腺素受体下调、左心室重塑、心律失常和坏死,所有这些均可削弱心脏的功能完整性。血浆去甲肾上腺素浓度高的充血性心力衰竭患者还有最不利的长期预后(Cohn,J.N.等,N.Engl.J.Med.,311:819-823,1984)。在没有明显心力衰竭的无症状患者中已存在血浆去甲肾上腺素浓度升高这一发现具有更重要的意义,它可以预测随后的死亡和发病(Benedict,C.R.等,Circulation,94:690-697,1996)。因此激活的交感驱动不仅仅是充血性心力衰竭的临床标志,也可引起疾病的逐渐恶化。
用肾上腺素受体拮抗剂抑制交感神经功能似乎是一种有希望的方法,然而很大比例的患者不能忍受β-阻断药治疗所伴随的快速血液动力衰退(Pfeffer,M.A.等,N.Engl.J.Med.,334:1396-7,1996)。直接调节交感神经功能的另一策略是通过抑制交感神经中将多巴胺转化成去甲肾上腺素的酶-DβH-来减少去甲肾上腺素的生物合成。这种方法有几个优点,包括与交感神经系统的突然抑制相反,该方法为逐渐调节,并且引起多巴胺释放增加,这可改善肾功能,如肾血管舒张、利尿和尿钠排泄。因此,DβH抑制剂可以提供优于常规β-阻断剂的显著优点。
几种DβH抑制剂已在文献中得到报道。发现早期的第一和第二代实例如戒酒硫(Goldstein,M.等,Life Sci.,3:763,1964)和二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸盐(Lippmann,W.等,Biochem.Pharmacol.,18:2507,1969)或镰孢菌酸(Hidaka,H.Nature,231,1971)和芳族或烷基硫脲(Johnson,G.A.等,J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther.,171:80,1970)效力低,对DβH选择性差,并且引起毒副作用。但是,发现第三代DβH抑制剂具有高得多的效力,例如内匹司他(RS-25560-197,IC50 9nM)(Stanley,W.C.等,Br.J.Pharmacol.,121:1803-1809,1997),它被开发至早期临床试验。虽然没有了与第一和第二代DβH抑制剂有关的一些问题,但是一个重要的发现是,发现内匹司他能穿透血脑屏障(BBB),因此能够引起中枢及周围效应,这种情况可能引起不希望的并且可能严重的药物的中枢神经系统副作用。因此,仍存在对有效的、非毒性的周围选择性DβH抑制剂的未满足的临床需求,所述DβH抑制剂可用于治疗某些心血管疾病。具有与内匹司他相似或者更强效力、但没有中枢神经系统影响(不能穿透BBB)的DβH抑制剂将提供优于现有技术中迄今描述的所有DβH抑制剂化合物的显著改进。
在WO95/29165中也公开了多巴胺-β-羟化酶抑制剂。另外,WO 2004/033447公开了多巴胺-β-羟化酶抑制剂,它们具有高效力和显著降低的脑进入,提供了有效的和周围选择性的DβH抑制剂。
我们现在已经发现了新化合物,它们是有效的多巴胺-β-羟化酶抑制剂,并且具有高效力和显著降低的脑进入。
根据本发明的一方面,提供了式I化合物:
其中R1、R2和R3相同或不同,且表示氢、卤素、烷基、硝基、氨基、烷基羰基氨基、烷基氨基、或二烷基氨基基团;R4表示烷基芳基或烷基杂芳基;X表示CH2、氧原子或硫原子;n为2或3;包括其单独的(R)-和(S)-对映异构体或对映异构体的混合物;并且包括其药学上可接受的盐和酯,其中术语烷基意为烃链,其为直链或支链,包含1至6个碳原子,任选被芳基、烷氧基、卤素、烷氧基羰基或羟基羰基取代;术语芳基意为苯基或萘基,其任选被烷基、烷氧基、卤素或硝基取代;术语卤素意为氟、氯、溴或碘;术语杂芳基意为杂芳族基团。
在一个优选实施方案中n=2。
在另一个优选实施方案中,X=O。
优选R4表示-CH2-芳基或-CH2-杂芳基。
在一个实施方案中,R4的芳基是未取代的。
R4的芳基优选苯基。
理想地,R1、R2和R3中的一个为氢,其余的为氟。
式I化合物可以以(R)或(S)对映异构体的形式,或(R)和(S)对映异构体的任意比例的混合物的形式提供,包括外消旋体。式I化合物最优选由R-对映异构体组成。
该化合物可以适当地以其盐酸盐的形式提供。然而,考虑到脂肪族仲氨基基团,对于本领域技术人员来说显而易见的是可以制备其它酸的盐,并且是在本发明的保护范围之内的。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供了一种制备如上所述的式I化合物的(R)-和(S)-对映异构体或对映异构体的混合物以及其药学上可接受的盐的方法,该方法包括在还原烷基化的条件下,使式III化合物的(R)-或(S)-对映异构体或对映异构体的混合物
其中,X、R1、R2、R3和n如上式I中所定义,
与式IV化合物进行反应
其中,R5表示芳基或杂芳基,其中术语芳基意为苯基或萘基,其任选被烷基、烷氧基、卤素或硝基取代;术语卤素意为氟、氯、溴或碘;术语杂芳基意为杂芳族基团。
上述还原烷基化反应条件对本领域技术人员来说是显而易见的。
本申请的一个特别优选的实施方案是提供一种式X化合物:
及其(R)或(S)对映异构体或(R)和(S)对映异构体的混合物或药学上可接受的盐或酯。
式X化合物可以以其(R)或(S)对映异构体或(R)和(S)对映异构体的任意比例的混合物的形式提供,包括外消旋体。优选式X化合物以R-对映异构体,(R)-X的形式提供:
式X化合物(或(R)-X)优选以其盐酸盐的形式提供。然而,考虑到脂肪族仲氨基基团,对于本领域技术人员来说显而易见的是可以制备其它酸的盐,并且是在本发明的保护范围之内的。
式X化合物可以通过在还原剂的存在下处理(R)-5-(2-氨基乙基)-1-(6,8-二氟-苯并二氢吡喃-3-基)-1,3-二氢咪唑-2-硫酮和苯甲醛进行还原烷基化而制备,其中的反应溶剂可以是单一溶剂或混合溶剂,例如甲醇和二氯甲烷,还原剂可以是氰基硼氢化钠、三乙酰氧基硼氢化钠、硼氢化钠及类似的还原剂或在氢化催化剂的存在下的氢气。如果优选,在粗产物后处理后利用硅胶柱层析的方法进行纯化。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供了一种药物组合物,其包括治疗有效量的如前所述的化合物以及药学上有效的载体。
更进一步,本发明提供了一种组合物,其包括治疗有效量的如前所述的化合物、药学上有效的载体以及一种或多种选自如下种类的化合物。
具体而言,式I或式X的化合物可与以下类别的化合物中的一种或多种组合:利尿剂、β-肾上腺素能拮抗剂、α2-肾上腺素能激动剂、α1-肾上腺素能拮抗剂、双重β-和α-肾上腺素能拮抗剂、钙通道阻断药、钾通道激活剂、抗心律失常药、ACE抑制剂、AT1受体拮抗剂、肾素抑制剂、降脂药、血管肽酶抑制剂、硝酸酯、内皮缩血管肽拮抗剂、中性肽链内切酶抑制剂、抗血管紧张素疫苗、血管舒张药、磷酸二酯酶抑制剂、强心苷、5-羟色胺拮抗剂和中枢神经系统作用药。
最有效的利尿剂包括:
(1)髓袢利尿剂,具体而言,呋塞米、布美他尼、依他尼酸、托拉塞米、阿佐塞米、莫唑胺、吡咯他尼、曲帕胺。
(2)噻嗪类利尿剂,具体而言,苄氟噻嗪、氯噻嗪、氢氯噻嗪、氢氟噻嗪、甲氯噻嗪、泊利噻嗪、三氯噻嗪。
(3)类似噻嗪类利尿剂,具体而言,氯噻酮、吲达帕胺、美托拉宗、喹乙宗。
(4)保钾利尿剂,具体而言,阿米洛利、氨苯蝶啶。
(5)醛固酮拮抗剂,具体而言,螺甾内酯、坎利酮、依普利酮。
(6)上述利尿剂的组合。
可以使用多于一种的上述利尿剂。
最有效的β-肾上腺素能拮抗剂包括:噻吗咯尔、美托洛尔、阿替洛尔、普萘洛尔、比索洛尔、奈必洛尔。可以使用多于一种的上述β-肾上腺素能拮抗剂。
最有效的α2-肾上腺素能激动剂包括:可乐定、胍那苄、胍法辛。可以使用多于一种的上述α2-肾上腺素能激动剂。
最有效的α1-肾上腺素能拮抗剂包括:哌唑嗪、多沙唑嗪、酚妥拉明。可以使用多于一种的上述α1-肾上腺素能拮抗剂。
最有效的双重β-和α-肾上腺素能拮抗剂(除了说明书其它部分提到的化合物外)包括:卡维地洛、拉贝洛尔。可以使用多于一种的上述双重β-和α-肾上腺素能剂。
钾通道激活剂包括尼可地尔。
抗心律失常药除了说明书其它部分提到的化合物外还包括:钠通道阻断药如奎尼丁、普鲁卡因胺、丙吡胺、利多卡因、美西律、妥卡尼、苯妥英、恩卡尼、氟卡尼、莫雷西嗪和普罗帕酮;钾通道阻断药如:胺碘酮、溴苄胺、伊布利特、多非利特、阿齐利特、氯非铵、替地沙米、司美利特、索他洛尔;和艾司洛尔、普萘洛尔、美托洛尔。可以使用多于一种的本说明书中提到的抗心律失常药。
最有效的ACE抑制剂包括:贝那普利、卡托普利、依那普利、福辛普利、赖诺普利、咪达普利、莫昔普利、培哚普利、喹那普利、雷米普利、群多普利。可以使用多于一种的上述ACE抑制剂。
最有效的AT1受体拮抗剂包括:坎地沙坦、厄贝沙坦、氯沙坦、替米沙坦、缬沙坦、依普罗沙坦。可以使用多于一种的上述AT1受体拮抗剂。
降脂药包括:他汀类如阿托伐他汀、西立伐他汀、氟伐他汀、洛伐他汀、美伐他汀、匹伐他汀、普伐他汀、瑞舒伐他汀、辛伐他汀;胆汁酸螯合剂如考来烯胺、考来替泊和烤来维仑;胆固醇吸收抑制剂如依泽替米贝;贝特类药物如非诺贝特、吉非贝齐;烟酸。可以使用多于一种的上述降脂药。
最有效的硝酸酯包括,有机硝酸酯如亚硝酸异戊酯、硝酸甘油、硝酸异山梨酯、5-单硝酸异山梨醇酯、丁四硝酯。可以使用多于一种的上述有机硝酸酯。
内皮缩血管肽拮抗剂包括:波生坦、西他生坦。可以使用多于一种的上述内皮缩血管肽拮抗剂。
最有效的血管扩张药(除了说明书其它部分提到的化合物外)包括:肼苯哒嗪、米诺地尔、硝普钠、二氮嗪。可以使用多于一种的上述血管扩张药。
最有效的磷酸二酯酶抑制剂包括:米力农、氨力农。可以使用多于一种的上述磷酸二酯酶抑制剂。
强心苷包括:毛花苷丙、克拉米丹、洋地黄毒苷、地高辛、拉诺辛、强心素、西地兰-D、洋地黄毒甙制剂、地高辛胶囊剂。可以使用多于一种的上述强心苷。
5-羟色胺拮抗剂包括:氯氮平、洛沙平、奥氮平、利培酮、齐拉西酮、利坦色林、酮色林、阿莫沙平。可以使用多于一种的上述5-羟色胺拮抗剂。
中枢神经系统作用药除了已在说明书中列出的,还包括咪唑啉激动剂如莫索尼定。最有效的中枢神经系统作用药是甲基多巴。
最有用的肾素抑制剂包括:阿利吉仑、依那吉仑、地替吉仑、特拉吉仑、瑞米吉仑、占吉仑、环丙吉仑。可以使用多于一种的上述肾素抑制剂。
最有效的血管肽酶抑制剂包括:奥马曲拉、山帕曲拉、吉莫曲拉。可以使用多于一种的上述血管肽酶抑制剂。
用于治疗心力衰竭的其它药物也可与式I或X化合物组合。它们包括钙增敏剂;HMG CoA还原酶抑制剂;加压素拮抗剂;腺苷A1受体拮抗剂;心房钠尿肽(ANP)激动剂;螯合剂;促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子受体;胰高血糖素样肽-1激动剂;钠、钾ATP酶抑制剂;高级糖基化终产物(AGE)交联裂解剂;混合的中性溶酶(neprilysin)/内皮缩血管肽转化酶(NEP/ECE)抑制剂;伤害感受肽(nocicept)受体(ORL-1)激动剂(如阿普唑仑);黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制剂;苯二氮杂激动剂;心肌球蛋白激活剂;糜蛋白酶抑制剂;内皮细胞氧化氮合酶(ENOS)转录增强子;中性肽链内切酶抑制剂如硫甲基氧代苯丙甘氨酸(thiorphan)。
本发明还设想内匹司他与上述几类化合物一起使用。
式I或式X化合物的药物组合物的制备方法是将药学上可接受的惰性载体与活性化合物混合。药学上可接受的载体可以是固体或液体。固体制剂包括粉剂、片剂、分散颗粒和胶囊。载体可以是一种或多种物质,并且它们还可以充当稀释剂、调味剂、增溶剂、润滑剂、悬浮剂、粘合剂或片剂崩解剂;它们也可以充当包封材料。
优选地,该药物制剂是单位剂型,如包装的制剂,该包装含有分离量的制剂,如包装的片剂、胶囊剂和小瓶或安瓿中的粉剂。
剂量可根据患者的需要、疾病的严重性和采用的特定化合物而变化。为了方便起见,每天的总剂量可在一天中分成几次给药。预期每天一次或两次给药最合适。医药领域技术人员能够根据具体情况决定合适的剂量。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供了一类如前所述的式I或X化合物,用作药物。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供了如上所述的式I或X化合物在制备用于治疗其中多巴胺羟基化成去甲肾上腺素的减少具有治疗益处的病症的药物中的用途。
式I或式X的化合物还可与以下类别的化合物中的一种或多种联用:利尿剂、β-肾上腺素能拮抗剂、α2-肾上腺素能激动剂、α1-肾上腺素能拮抗剂、双重β-和α-肾上腺素能拮抗剂、钙通道阻断药、钾通道激活剂、抗心律失常药、ACE抑制剂、AT1受体拮抗剂、肾素抑制剂、降脂药、血管肽酶抑制剂、硝酸酯、内皮缩血管肽拮抗剂、中性肽链内切酶抑制剂、抗血管紧张素疫苗、血管舒张药、磷酸二酯酶抑制剂、强心苷、5-羟色胺拮抗剂、中枢神经系统作用药、钙增敏剂;HMG CoA还原酶抑制剂;加压素拮抗剂;腺苷A1受体拮抗剂;心房钠尿肽(ANP)激动剂;螯合剂;促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子受体;胰高血糖素样肽-1激动剂;钠、钾ATP酶抑制剂;高级糖基化终产物(AGE)交联裂解剂;混合的中性溶酶/内皮缩血管肽转化酶(NEP/ECE)抑制剂;伤害感受肽受体(ORL-1)激动剂(如阿普唑仑);黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制剂;苯二氮杂激动剂;心肌球蛋白激活剂;糜蛋白酶抑制剂;内皮细胞氧化氮合酶(ENOS)转录增强子;中性肽链内切酶抑制剂如硫甲基氧代苯丙甘氨酸。
如本文所用,术语治疗及其变形如“医疗”或“医治”指的是任何有益于人或非人动物的方案。因此,治疗可以是关于已存在的病症或者可以是预防性的(预防性治疗)。治疗可包括治愈、减轻或预防作用。利用式I或式X化合物结合一种其它种类的化合物进行治疗包括同时和顺序给药这2种或2种以上的药物。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供了如上所述的式I或式X化合物在制备用于治疗患有焦虑病症的患者的药物中的用途。
上述焦虑症包括但不限于广泛性焦虑症、社交焦虑症、创伤后应激障碍、急性应激障碍、强迫症、恐慌症如惊恐发作和恐惧症如广场恐怖症、社交恐怖症、特定恐怖症。其它的可用本发明的化合物治疗的焦虑症参见美国精神病学协会:Diagnostic and Statistic Manual of Mental Disorders,第4版,修订版,华盛顿,美国精神病学协会,2000年,第429-484页。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供了如上所述的式I或式X化合物在制备治疗偏头痛的药物中的用途。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供了如上所述的式I或式X化合物在制备用于治疗患有心血管病症的患者的药物中的用途。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供了如上所述的式I或式X化合物在制备用于治疗高血压、或慢性或充血性心力衰竭的药物中的用途。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供了如上所述的式I或式X化合物在制备用于治疗一种或多种以下适应证的药物中的用途,所述适应证选自:心绞痛、心律不齐和循环障碍如雷诺氏现象。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供了如上所述的式I或式X化合物在制备抑制多巴胺-β-羟化酶的药物中的用途。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供了一种治疗焦虑症的方法,包括给予需要其的患者治疗有效量的上述式I或式X化合物。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供了一种治疗偏头痛的方法,包括给予需要其的患者治疗有效量的上述式I或式X化合物。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供了一种治疗心血管病症的方法,包括给予需要其的患者治疗有效量的上述式I或式X化合物。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供了一种治疗高血压的方法,包括给予需要其的患者治疗有效量的上述式I或式X化合物。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供了一种治疗慢性或充血性心力衰竭的方法,包括给予需要其的患者治疗有效量的上述式I或式X化合物。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供了一种治疗一种或多种以下适应证的方法,包括给予需要其的患者治疗有效量的上述式I或式X化合物,所述适应证选自:心绞痛、心律不齐和循环障碍如雷诺氏现象。
上述治疗方法可以进一步包括同时或顺序给药选自以下种类化合物的一种的药物:
利尿剂、β-肾上腺素能拮抗剂、α2-肾上腺素能激动剂、α1-肾上腺素能拮抗剂、双重β-和α-肾上腺素能拮抗剂、钙通道阻断药、钾通道激活剂、抗心律失常药、ACE抑制剂、AT1受体拮抗剂、肾素抑制剂、降脂药、血管肽酶抑制剂、硝酸酯、内皮缩血管肽拮抗剂、中性肽链内切酶抑制剂、抗血管紧张素疫苗、血管舒张药、磷酸二酯酶抑制剂、强心苷、5-羟色胺拮抗剂、中枢神经系统作用药、钙增敏剂;HMG CoA还原酶抑制剂;加压素拮抗剂;腺苷A1受体拮抗剂;心房钠尿肽(ANP)激动剂;螯合剂;促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子受体;胰高血糖素样肽-1激动剂;钠、钾ATP酶抑制剂;高级糖基化终产物(AGE)交联裂解剂;混合的中性溶酶/内皮缩血管肽转化酶(NEP/ECE制剂;伤害感受肽受体(ORL-1)激动剂(如阿普唑仑);黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制剂;苯二氮杂激动剂;心肌球蛋白激活剂;糜蛋白酶抑制剂;内皮细胞氧化氮合酶(ENOS)转录增强子;和中性肽链内切酶抑制剂如硫甲基氧代苯丙甘氨酸。
除特别说明外,本说明书中术语烷基(不论是单独使用,还是与其它基团一起使用)意为烃链,其为直链或支链的,含有1-6个碳原子,任选被芳基、烷氧基、卤素、烷氧羰基或羟基羰基取代;术语芳基(不论是单独使用,还是与其它基团一起使用)意为苯基或萘基,其任选被烷基、烷氧基、卤素或硝基取代;术语卤素意为氟、氯、溴或碘。术语杂芳基意为杂芳香基。另外,除特别说明外,术语“烷氧基”和“烷基氧基”可相互替换。
材料和方法
雄性NMRI小鼠得自Harlan-Interfauna(西班牙),它们以10只/笼,在控制环境条件(12h光照/黑暗周期,室温22±1℃)下饲养。允许随意获取食物和自来水,并且实验在白天进行。
在时间=0h时,通过管饲法口服给予动物给定剂量的测试化合物(见图2)或赋形剂(水)。在给药后9小时,通过断头术处死动物,并分离心脏(左心房和左心室)和脑(顶叶皮质(parietal cortex)),称重并在0.2M高氯酸中于4℃黑暗中贮存12小时。温育后,通过将温育物离心过滤(0.2μM/10min/~5000rpm,4℃)收集所得上清液。将上清液冷冻贮存于-80℃直到进行分析。上清液中的多巴胺和去甲肾上腺素通过高压液相色谱法用电化学检测进行定量。
结果
从图1可以看出,与其它现有技术的DβH抑制剂相比,相对于脑部而言,式X化合物对心脏表现出显著的选择性。
现在参考附图,其中:
图1显示测试化合物对心和顶叶皮质中的去甲肾上腺素水平的影响;和
图2显示测试化合物的结构。
实施例
实施例1
(R)-5-(2-(苄氨基)乙基)-1-(6,8-二氟苯并二氢吡喃-3-基)-1H-咪唑-2(3H)-硫酮。
在20-25℃下,向在甲醇(15ml)和二氯甲烷(15ml)的混合物中的(R)-5-(2-氨基乙基)-1-(6,8-二氟苯并二氢吡喃-3-基)-1,3-二氢咪唑-2-噻酮(2.36g,7.58mmol)和苯甲醛(0.85ml,8.34mmol)中分份加入氰基硼氢化钠(0.67g,10.66mol)。将上述混合物搅拌64h,搅拌下加入1N HCl(12ml)猝灭,随后加入3N NaOH(12ml)。上述混合物经DCM(100ml)萃取,有机相用盐水(50ml)洗涤,干燥(MgSO4)和蒸干。剩余物用硅胶柱纯化,用乙酸乙酯和乙酸乙酯与甲醇(9∶1)的混合物作为洗脱剂。收集含有产物的级分,减压浓缩至约20ml,然后在冰上冷却。收集沉淀物,用乙酸乙酯-石油醚(1∶1)混合物洗涤,空气干燥。产率为1.25g(41%),产物熔点为188-90℃(2-丙醇-二氯甲烷)。
应当认识到,上述发明可以在后附权利要求的范围内进行变化。
Claims (38)
1.式I化合物:
其中R1、R2和R3相同或不同,且表示氢、卤素、烷基、硝基、氨基、烷基羰基氨基、烷基氨基、或二烷基氨基;R4表示-烷基-芳基;X表示CH2、氧原子或硫原子;n为2或3;
其单独的(R)-对映异构体或(R)和(S)对映异构体的混合物;
或其药学上可接受的盐,
其中术语烷基不论是单独使用还是与其它基团一起使用,意为烃链,其为直链或支链,包含1至6个碳原子,任选被芳基、烷氧基、卤素、烷氧基羰基或羟基羰基取代;术语芳基不论是单独使用还是与其它基团一起使用,意为苯基或萘基,其任选被烷基、烷氧基、卤素或硝基取代;术语卤素意为氟、氯、溴或碘。
2.根据权利要求1的化合物,其中n是2。
3.根据权利要求1或2的化合物,其中X是O。
4.根据权利要求1或2的化合物,其中R4表示-CH2-芳基。
5.根据权利要求1或2的化合物,其中R4的芳基基团是未取代的。
6.根据权利要求1或2的化合物,其中R4的芳基基团是苯基。
7.根据权利要求1或2的化合物,其中R1、R2和R3中的一个为氢,其余的为氟。
8.根据权利要求1或2的化合物,其中所述化合物由R-对映异构体组成。
9.根据权利要求1或2的化合物或其药用盐,其中所述药用盐是盐酸盐。
10.根据权利要求3的化合物,其中R4表示-CH2-芳基。
11.根据权利要求3的化合物,其中R4的芳基基团是未取代的。
12.根据权利要求3的化合物,其中R4的芳基基团是苯基。
13.根据权利要求3的化合物,其中R1、R2和R3中的一个为氢,其余的为氟。
14.根据权利要求3的化合物,其中所述化合物由R-对映异构体组成。
15.根据权利要求3的化合物或其药用盐,其中所述药用盐是盐酸盐。
18.根据权利要求17的化合物,其中所述化合物为式X化合物的(R)对映异构体。
19.根据权利要求17或18的化合物或其药用盐,其中所述药用盐是盐酸盐。
21.制备权利要求17、18或20中任一项的式X化合物的方法,其包括:在还原烷基化反应条件下处理(R)-5-(2-氨基乙基)-1-(6,8-二氟-苯并二氢吡喃-3-基)-1,3-二氢咪唑-2-硫酮和苯甲醛。
22.根据权利要求21所述的方法,其中所述还原烷基化是在还原剂存在下进行的。
23.根据权利要求22所述的方法,其中所述的还原剂是氰基硼氢化钠、三乙酰氧基硼氢化钠、硼氢化钠或在氢化催化剂的存在下的氢气。
24.根据权利要求21-23中任一项的方法,其中所述处理是在甲醇和二氯甲烷的混合物中进行的。
25.根据权利要求21-23中任一项的方法,其中所述反应进一步包括纯化步骤。
26.一种药物组合物,其包含治疗有效量的权利要求1-15、17-20中任一项的化合物和药学上有效的载体。
27.根据权利要求26所述的药物组合物,其进一步包含选自一种或多种如下种类的化合物的化合物:
利尿剂、β-肾上腺素能拮抗剂、α2-肾上腺素能激动剂、α1-肾上腺素能拮抗剂、双重β-和α-肾上腺素能拮抗剂、钙通道阻断药、钾通道激活剂、抗心律失常药、ACE抑制剂、AT1受体拮抗剂、肾素抑制剂、降脂药、血管肽酶抑制剂、硝酸酯、内皮缩血管肽拮抗剂、中性肽链内切酶抑制剂、抗血管紧张素疫苗、血管舒张药、磷酸二酯酶抑制剂、强心苷、5-羟色胺拮抗剂和中枢神经系统作用药、钙增敏剂;HMG CoA还原酶抑制剂;加压素拮抗剂;腺苷A1受体拮抗剂;心房钠尿肽激动剂;螯合剂;促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子受体;胰高血糖素样肽-1激动剂;钠、钾ATP酶抑制剂;高级糖基化终产物交联裂解剂;混合的中性溶酶/内皮缩血管肽转化酶抑制剂;伤害感受肽受体激动剂;黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制剂;苯二氮杂激动剂;心肌球蛋白激活剂;糜蛋白酶抑制剂;内皮细胞氧化氮合酶转录增强子;和中性肽链内切酶抑制剂。
28.权利要求1-15、17-20任一项中的化合物在制备用于治疗病症的药物中的用途,在所述病症中多巴胺羟基化成去甲肾上腺素的减少是具有治疗益处的。
29.权利要求1-15、17-20任一项中的化合物在制备用于治疗患有焦虑病症的患者的药物中的用途。
30.权利要求1-15、17-20任一项中的化合物在制备治疗偏头痛的药物中的用途。
31.权利要求1-15、17-20任一项中的化合物在制备用于治疗患有心血管病症的患者的药物中的用途。
32.权利要求1-15、17-20任一项中的化合物在制备用于治疗高血压、或慢性或充血性心力衰竭的药物中的用途。
33.权利要求1-15、17-20任一项中的化合物在制备用于治疗一种或多种以下疾病的药物中的用途,所述疾病选自:心绞痛、心律不齐和循环障碍。
34.根据权利要求33的化合物的用途,其中所述循环障碍是雷诺氏现象。
35.权利要求1-15、17-20任一项中的化合物在制备用于抑制多巴胺-β-羟化酶的药物中的用途。
36.权利要求1-15、17-20任一项中的化合物与选自一种或多种以下种类的化合物的化合物的组合在制备药物中的应用,所述药物用于如权利要求28-35中任一项所定义的用途:
利尿剂、β-肾上腺素能拮抗剂、α2-肾上腺素能激动剂、α1-肾上腺素能拮抗剂、双重β-和α-肾上腺素能拮抗剂、钙通道阻断药、钾通道激活剂、抗心律失常药、ACE抑制剂、AT1受体拮抗剂、肾素抑制剂、降脂药、血管肽酶抑制剂、硝酸酯、内皮缩血管肽拮抗剂、中性肽链内切酶抑制剂、抗血管紧张素疫苗、血管舒张药、磷酸二酯酶抑制剂、强心苷、5-羟色胺拮抗剂和中枢神经系统作用药、钙增敏剂;HMG CoA还原酶抑制剂;加压素拮抗剂;腺苷A1受体拮抗剂;心房钠尿肽激动剂;螯合剂;促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子受体;胰高血糖素样肽-1激动剂;钠、钾ATP酶抑制剂;高级糖基化终产物交联裂解剂;混合的中性溶酶/内皮缩血管肽转化酶抑制剂;伤害感受肽受体激动剂;黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制剂;苯二氮杂激动剂;心肌球蛋白激活剂;糜蛋白酶抑制剂;内皮细胞氧化氮合酶转录增强子;和中性肽链内切酶抑制剂。
37.根据权利要求36所述的用途,其中选自所列种类的化合物的一种或多种化合物是与权利要求1-15、17-20任一项中的化合物同时给药的。
38.根据权利要求36所述的用途,其中选自所列种类的化合物的一种或多种化合物是与权利要求1-15、17-20任一项中的化合物顺序给药的。
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