CN101678651A - 着色夹层车辆窗玻璃 - Google Patents
着色夹层车辆窗玻璃 Download PDFInfo
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- B32B17/10339—Specific parts of the laminated safety glass or glazing being colored or tinted
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Abstract
适合与光学传感器(例如LIDAR型传感器)一起使用的夹层车辆窗玻璃,该夹层车辆窗玻璃包含第一和第二窗玻璃材料层,所述第一和第二窗玻璃材料层通过它们之间的层间材料层连接在一起,并且:a)第一窗玻璃材料层是本体着色玻璃板,该玻璃板具有由0.70-1.00重量%总铁(按Fe2O3计)、0-1.0%二氧化钛和0-2.0%二氧化铈构成的着色剂部分,使得该窗玻璃在400-2100nm的波长范围内具有至少30%的透射率;或者b)第一窗玻璃材料层是本体着色玻璃板,该玻璃板具有由0.30-0.80重量%总铁(按Fe2O3计)、0-1.0%二氧化钛(按TiO2计)和0-2.0%二氧化铈(按CeO2计)构成的着色剂部分,所述层间材料层是阳光吸收性材料,使得该窗玻璃在750-1300nm的波长范围内具有至少30%的透射率。
Description
本发明涉及适合与光学传感器一起使用的着色夹层车辆窗玻璃。
已知提供了适合与光学传感器一起使用的本体着色汽车窗玻璃。光学传感器使用光来探测状态并然后对该状态进行定量描述;“光”是从可见光开始延伸并进入到光谱的红外区域的电磁辐射(具有约400nm-3μm的波长)。在该范围中约30%的最小透射率是目前所需要的。EP 1 462 244 A1描述了这样的蓝色和灰色本体着色夹层窗玻璃。夹层体中包含的至少一个层用包括铁和钴以及/或者硒的着色剂进行本体着色。虽然这样的窗玻璃在审美上是令人愉悦的,但许多车辆生产商仍要求较不明显有色的窗玻璃,着绿色的窗玻璃通常可为优先选择。
除审美诉求外,车辆生产商们越来越重要的关注是确保预定装配在它们的车辆中的窗玻璃具有一定程度的阳光控制,即以某种方式调节通过窗玻璃入射的可见光量和透过的阳光热量。约60%的最大透射总能量(TE)(根据Parry Moon,Air Mass 2测得)似乎是目前可接受的上限。通常,窗玻璃着色程度越高(即其具有的色调越暗),则其TE将越低。
当然,取决于特定窗玻璃将要安装在车辆中的位置,必须权衡任何TE要求与法定可见光透射率(LT)要求。例如在欧洲,挡风玻璃目前必须透射75%或更大的入射可见光(用CIE照明体A测量时)。
结合对适合与光学传感器一起使用的优选具有小于60%TE的较不明显着色窗玻璃的要求,确定下面的窗玻璃构造是符合要求的:
着色玻璃层(2.6mm)/透明层间层(interlayer ply)(0.76mm)/透明玻璃层(2.1mm),其中着色玻璃层通过使用0.60重量%总铁(按Fe2O3计)进行着色并且透明玻璃层仅包含0.12重量%总铁。层间材料层由聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)制成。这种窗玻璃构造在400-2100nm的波长范围中产生81.5%的LTA、57.8%的TE和32%的最小透射率。附图的图1显示了这种窗玻璃的透射百分率(y轴)相对于波长(nm)(x轴)的曲线图。其结果是,这种窗玻璃适合与光学传感器一起使用,并且因为其光学性能,可以用作车辆中的挡风玻璃。
然而,除阳光控制和光学传感器兼容性要求外,在汽车工业中对重量较轻的窗玻璃存在逐渐增长的趋势以便降低车辆的总重量。随着气候变化成为越来越重要的全球性问题,因此希望减少车辆排放。实现该目标的一种途径是通过降低车辆重量来减少车辆的燃料消耗。降低车辆重量的途径之一是降低其窗玻璃的重量。这可以通过降低它们中的一个或多个的厚度来进行。
遗憾的是,简单降低上述着绿色窗玻璃的厚度,例如将着色玻璃层的厚度从2.6mm降至2.1mm,没有提供满足要求的解决方案。虽然光透射率和在400-2100nm范围中的透射率仍是可接受的,但总能量透射率(TE)提高至不可接受的高水平。常规的正确做法建议应提高着色玻璃层(厚度为2.1mm)中铁的量以将能量透射率充分降至可接受的水平。然而在这样做时,400-2100nm范围中的透射率下降到低于30%,这是不可接受的低水平。
因此本发明的目的是提供重量较轻的着色夹层车辆窗玻璃,该玻璃满足车辆制造商的能量透射率要求并且适合与光学传感器一起使用。
因此,在第一方面,本发明提供了适合与光学传感器一起使用的夹层车辆窗玻璃,该夹层车辆窗玻璃包含:
第一和第二窗玻璃材料层,所述第一和第二窗玻璃材料层通过它们之间的层间材料层连接在一起,
第一窗玻璃材料层是本体着色玻璃板,该本体着色玻璃板具有由0.70-1.0重量%总铁(按Fe2O3计)、0-1.0%二氧化钛(按TiO2计)和0-2.0%二氧化铈(按CeO2计)构成的着色剂部分,
其中该窗玻璃在400-2100nm的波长范围内具有至少30%的透射率。
该波长范围对应于电磁波谱的可见光区域和近红外至中红外区域,即可典型地对应于许多光学传感器工作的范围。出人意料地,发现这样的夹层窗玻璃能够满足重量较轻的要求的同时表现出所希望的TE并且具有与光学传感器一起使用的能力。
优选地,该窗玻璃在750-1300nm的波长范围内具有至少32%、进一步优选至少35%的透射率。覆盖近红外区的这种较窄的波长范围可更接近对应于一种或多种目前考虑与车辆窗玻璃、特别是挡风玻璃一起使用的光学传感器。有利地是,所述窗玻璃在许多光学传感器(下文将进行更为详述的描述)最佳工作所处的905nm波长可具有至少38%的透射率。
根据本发明的第二方面,提供了适合与光学传感器一起使用的夹层车辆窗玻璃,该夹层车辆窗玻璃包含:
第一和第二窗玻璃材料层,所述第一和第二窗玻璃材料层通过它们之间的层间材料层连接在一起,
第一窗玻璃材料层是本体着色玻璃板,该本体着色玻璃板具有由0.30-0.80重量%总铁(按Fe2O3计)、0-1.0%二氧化钛(按TiO2计)和0-2.0%二氧化铈(按CeO2计)构成的着色剂部分,及
所述层间材料层是阳光吸收性材料,
其中该窗玻璃在750-1300nm的波长范围内具有至少30%的透射率。
优选地,该窗玻璃在750-1300nm的波长范围内具有至少35%的透射率。进一步优选该窗玻璃在750-1100nm的波长范围内具有至少38%的透射率。有益地,该窗玻璃在905nm可具有至少45%的透射率。
有利地,光学传感器可以是光探测和测距(LIDAR)型传感器。这样的LIDAR传感器包括行人探测传感器、预碰撞传感器,例如接近速度(CV)传感器和自适应巡航控制(ACC)传感器,这些均起到改善车辆安全性的作用。例如,预碰撞传感器是能够以降低的速度减小猛烈程度或甚至完全避免道路交通事故的传感器。特别地,CV传感器通常形成预碰撞系统的一部分,该系统在如果存在追尾碰撞时可以辅助车辆驾驶员刹车,并且最佳地收紧安全带和适时激活驾驶员及乘客的安全气囊。
在本发明的第一方面,着色玻璃板优选具有0.70-0.80%、进一步优选约0.75%的总铁含量。在发明的第二方面,着色玻璃板优选具有0.40-0.60%、进一步优选约0.55%的总铁含量。当着色玻璃板中还存在二氧化钛时,则其优选以大于0.05%、进一步优选为约0.2%的量存在。当着色玻璃板中还存在二氧化铈时,则其优选以大于0.5%、进一步优选为约1.0%的量存在。着色玻璃的基础玻璃可典型地具有下面组成(重量):
SiO2 | 70-75% |
Al2O3 | 0-5% |
Na2O | 10-15% |
K2O | 0-5% |
MgO | 0-10% |
CaO | 5-15% |
SO3 | 0-2% |
该着色玻璃还可以包含杂质,所述杂质包括铬、锰、铈、锆、钡、锶和硼的氧化物。
在本发明的第一方面,层间材料层可以是柔性塑料材料,其可以是透明或本体着色的。合适的层间材料包括聚氯乙烯(PVC)、聚氨酯(PU)、乙基乙酸乙烯酯(EVA)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)或聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB),夹层的最常见选择是PVB。层间材料层典型地以0.38-1.1mm、但最通常0.76mm的厚度来提供。
在本发明的第二方面,阳光吸收性层间材料层优选吸收红外辐照(IRR),例如当其包含掺锡氧化铟、六硼化镧或其它这样合适的IRR吸收性材料时。关于将层间材料片描述为“红外吸收性的”,其表示当这样的片材(厚度为0.76mm)插入在两片透明玻璃(各自的厚度为2.1mm)之间时,所得夹层体具有大于0.5和优选大于1的选择性,其中该“选择性”通过使可见光透射百分率除以总能量百分率即LTA/TE(分别就该夹层测得)进行计算。
虽然IRR吸收性材料可以基本遍布在窗玻璃的整个表面区,但其也可仅遍布在窗玻璃表面区的上部(以安装于车辆中时窗玻璃的取向为基准的“上”)。该上部可以对应于通常称作车辆窗玻璃中的遮阳带的窗玻璃区。有利地,在这些情况的任一种中,红外吸收性材料对光学传感器的工作的潜在干扰可通过传感器区域中部分红外吸收性材料的物理去除(和用合适大小的例如透明PVB片替代),或者如WO2006/072797中的教导,通过激光“漂去(bleaching)”传感器区域中的红外吸收性材料区,而得以最小化/防止。
根据本发明的第一和第二方面的窗玻璃在大于或等于约4.2mm(优选约5mm)的厚度下,均可具有大于或等于70%的可见光透射率(LTA)和小于或等于60%的总能量透射率(TE)。这样的窗玻璃满足目前合理降低透射的能量的程度并同时维持高的可见光透射率的要求。
然而优选地,窗玻璃在大于或等于约4.2mm(优选约5mm)的厚度下具有大于或等于75%的可见光透射率(LTA)和小于或等于60%的总能量透射率(TE)。这种窗玻璃的非常高的光透射率意味着其可安装在车辆的任何窗口中,包括作为预定用于欧洲市场的车辆中的挡风玻璃。
窗玻璃中包含的本体着色玻璃板可具有小于2.6mm、优选为约2.1mm的厚度。在该厚度中,可获得玻璃(和窗玻璃)的重量与其阳光控制性能之间的最佳平衡。
第二窗玻璃材料层可以是透明玻璃板,其可以具有小于2.6mm、优选为2.1mm或更小、进一步优选为约1.6mm的厚度。当然,本身在3mm厚度时具有约89%LTA的透明玻璃典型地将不对窗玻璃的可见光透射率、总能量透射率(TE)或在400-2100nm的透射率具有任何显著影响。其作用是给夹层体提供额外的刚性,并且按这样处于所引述的厚度时,可获得其重量和其赋予的刚性之间的最佳平衡。
因此窗玻璃的总厚度可小于5.7mm、优选为约5.2mm和可能小至约4.7mm,这是为了其具有降低重量的作用。
可能的是,根据本发明的夹层车辆窗玻璃具有安装在其最内表面的光学传感器、特别是LIDAR传感器。窗玻璃的最内表面是面向可将窗玻璃装配在其中的车辆内部的内玻璃层的表面。可通过使用透明、耐久的薄膜粘合剂来安装光学传感器。
优选地,窗玻璃具有由色坐标-6≤a*≤-2且0≤b*≤3、进一步优选由坐标-5≤a*≤-3且0.5≤b*≤2.5规定的颜色。这些坐标使用D65照明体以10°观测角度测得。
可将根据本发明的夹层车辆窗玻璃装配在车辆车身中的任何窗子开口内。其特别可用作挡风玻璃。
为了更好的理解,现将参考所附的示意性绘图(不按比例)和曲线图并如其中所示,通过非限制性实施例,更具体地描述本发明,其中:
图1是之前在本发明序言中所讨论的现有技术窗玻璃的透射百分率(y轴)相对于波长(nm)(x轴)的曲线图;
图2是根据本发明的夹层车辆窗玻璃的平面图;
图3是沿图2的A-A线所取的横截面图;
图4是类似于图1中所示的曲线但关于本发明第一实施方案的曲线图;
图5是类似于图1和4中所示的曲线但关于本发明第二实施方案的曲线图;和
图6是类似于图1、4和5中所示的曲线但关于本发明第三实施方案的曲线图。
图2显示了挡风玻璃10形式的夹层车辆窗玻璃。挡风玻璃10的围着周缘存在阴暗带14,它的存在是为了掩饰和保护用于将窗玻璃固定到车辆(未示出)内的密封剂(未示出)。阴暗带14由丝网印刷到窗玻璃上并随后烧制的不透明油墨制成。然而,其可使用任何其它已知方法构成或施涂,或者其根本无需存在。
LIDAR型CV传感器15形式的光学传感器安装在挡风玻璃10的上半部。例如这种CV传感器目前可得自Continental Teves AG & Co.oHG,PO Box 900120,D-60441 Frankfurt,Guerickestrasse 7,Germany。在制造窗玻璃后通常以单独的步骤用粘合剂16或者通过使用托架(未示出)将CV传感器15安装到窗玻璃10的最内表面。
图3提供了关于挡风玻璃10的构造的更为详细的细节,该细节在于其包含绿色本体着色玻璃板11形式的窗玻璃材料外层和透明玻璃板12形式的窗玻璃材料内板。插入在外板11和内板12之间的是层间材料层13,其具有0.76mm的厚度。虽然显示阴暗带14在外板11的内表面(本领域中称作“表面2”)上,但同样有可能的是,其可替代地或者另外地在内板12的外表面(本领域中称作“表面4”)上。
着绿色的玻璃层11在根据本发明的第一方面时具有这样的基础玻璃组合物和着色剂部分,所述基础玻璃组合物包括(以重量计)72.49%SiO2、0.14%Al2O3、13.59%Na2O、0.05%K2O、8.66%CaO、3.93%MgO、0.13%SO3和杂质,所述着色剂部分由(以重量计)0.75%总铁(按Fe2O3计)和0.26%TiO2构成。这种组成的玻璃在2.1mm时表现出82.5%的LTA和64.7%的TE。其具有522nm的主波长和1.2%的激发纯度(均使用D65照明体以10°观测角度测得)。其颜色限定为a*=-3.7和b*=1.7。这样的玻璃目前可作为EZKOOLTM得自Pilkington Group Limited,Prescot Road,St Helens,WA10 3TT,United Kingdom。
着绿色的玻璃层11在根据本发明的第二方面时具有这样的基础玻璃组合物和着色剂部分,所述基础玻璃组合物包括(以重量计)72.49%SiO2、0.14%Al2O3、13.59%Na2O、0.05%K2O、8.66%CaO、3.93%MgO、0.13%SO3和杂质,所述着色剂部分由(以重量计)0.56%总铁(按Fe2O3计)构成。这种组成的玻璃在2.1mm时表现出85%的LTA和70%的TE。其颜色限定为a*=-3.1和b*=0.7。这样的着浅绿色玻璃目前也可得自Pilkington Group Limited。
内玻璃层12是具有这样的典型组合物的透明玻璃层,所述组合物包括:72.1%SiO2、1.1%Al2O3、13.5%Na2O、0.6%K2O、8.5%CaO、3.9%MgO、0.10%Fe2O3和0.2%SO3。为免存疑,虽然将外玻璃层11作为着色玻璃层加以描述,但同样有可能的是,对于外玻璃层11,替代地或者另外地,内玻璃层12可为着色的。
夹层窗玻璃10在由各自厚度为2.1mm的外玻璃层11和内玻璃层12、以及厚度为0.76mm的透明PVB层间层13构成时具有4.96mm的厚度。对于玻璃层11着绿色时(EZKOOLTM)并且玻璃层12是透明玻璃时,窗玻璃10表现出80.9%LTA和58.1%TE。图4显示了这种窗玻璃在400-2100nm波长范围的透射率曲线;窗玻璃10在750-1300nm的范围中表现出34%的透射率。在905nm时,其透射率为38%。其总色调由a*=-4.9和b*=1.8限定。
夹层窗玻璃10在由厚度为2.1mm的外玻璃层11、厚度为1.6mm的内玻璃层12和厚度为0.76mm的透明PVB层间层13构成时具有4.46mm的厚度。当玻璃层11着绿色时(EZKOOLTM)并且玻璃层12是透明玻璃时,窗玻璃10表现出81.2%LTA和58.7%TE。图5显示了这种窗玻璃在400-2100nm波长范围的透射率曲线;窗玻璃10在750-1300nm的范围中表现出35%的透射率。在905nm时,其透射率为39%。其总色调由a*=-4.8和b*=1.8限定。
夹层窗玻璃10在由厚度为2.1mm的外玻璃层11、厚度为1.6mm的内玻璃层12和厚度为0.76mm的红外吸收性层间层13构成时具有4.46mm的厚度。红外吸收性中间层目前可作为SCF膜得自SekisuiChemical Co.Ltd.。当玻璃层11着浅绿色并且玻璃层12是透明玻璃时,窗玻璃10表现出82.7%LTA和54.9%TE。图6显示了这种窗玻璃在400-2100nm波长范围的透射率曲线;窗玻璃10在750-1300nm的范围中表现出30%的透射率。在905nm时,其透射率为46%。其总色调由a*=-4.6和b*=2.2限定。
本发明的所有这些实施方案的重量比先前所讨论的着绿色现有技术窗玻璃轻,均具有小于60%的TE并且均具有使它们适合与光学传感器、特别是LIDAR型传感器一起使用的光透射率。
Claims (14)
1.适合与光学传感器一起使用的夹层车辆窗玻璃,该夹层车辆窗玻璃包含:
第一和第二窗玻璃材料层,所述第一和第二窗玻璃材料层通过它们之间的层间材料层连接在一起,
第一窗玻璃材料层是本体着色玻璃板,该本体着色玻璃板具有由0.70-1.00重量%总铁(按Fe2O3计)、0-1.0%二氧化钛(按TiO2计)和0-2.0%二氧化铈(按CeO2计)构成的着色剂部分,
其中该窗玻璃在400-2100nm的波长范围内具有至少30%的透射率。
2.如权利要求1中所述的夹层车辆窗玻璃,其中该窗玻璃在750-1300nm的波长范围内具有至少32%的透射率。
3.适合与光学传感器一起使用的夹层车辆窗玻璃,该夹层车辆窗玻璃包含:
第一和第二窗玻璃材料层,所述第一和第二窗玻璃材料层通过它们之间的层间材料层连接在一起,
第一窗玻璃材料层是本体着色玻璃板,该本体着色玻璃板具有由0.30-0.80重量%总铁(按Fe2O3计)、0-1.0%二氧化钛(按TiO2计)和0-2.0%二氧化铈(按CeO2计)构成的着色剂部分,并且,
所述层间材料层是阳光吸收性材料,
其中该窗玻璃在750-1300nm的波长范围内具有至少30%的透射率。
4.如权利要求3中所述的夹层车辆窗玻璃,其中该窗玻璃在750-1300nm的波长范围内具有至少35%的透射率。
5.如权利要求1至4中任一项所述的夹层车辆窗玻璃,其中所述传感器是光探测和测距(LIDAR)型传感器。
6.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的夹层车辆窗玻璃,其中该窗玻璃在大于或等于约4.2mm的厚度时具有大于或等于70%的可见光透射率(LTA)和小于或等于60%的总能量透射率(TE)。
7.如权利要求6中所述的夹层车辆窗玻璃,其中该窗玻璃在大于或等于约4.2mm的厚度时具有大于或等于75%的可见光透射率(LTA)和小于或等于60%的总能量透射率(TE)。
8.如权利要求1至7中任一项所述的夹层车辆窗玻璃,其中本体着色玻璃板具有小于2.6mm、优选为约2.1mm的厚度。
9.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的夹层车辆窗玻璃,其中第二窗玻璃材料层是透明玻璃板。
10.如权利要求9中所述的夹层车辆窗玻璃,其中所述透明玻璃板具有小于2.6mm、优选小于或等于约2.1mm的厚度。
11.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的夹层车辆窗玻璃,其具有安装在其最内表面的光学传感器、特别是LIDAR型传感器。
12.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的夹层车辆窗玻璃,其具有由色坐标(D65,10°观测角度)-6≤a*≤-2和0≤b*≤3所规定的颜色。
13.如权利要求12中所述的夹层车辆窗玻璃,其具有由色坐标(D65,10°观测角度)-5≤a*≤-3和0.5≤b*≤2.5所规定的颜色。
14.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的夹层车辆窗玻璃作为挡风玻璃的用途。
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GB0710808A GB0710808D0 (en) | 2007-06-06 | 2007-06-06 | Tinted laminated vehicle glazing |
PCT/GB2008/001919 WO2008149093A1 (en) | 2007-06-06 | 2008-06-05 | Tinted laminated vehicle glazing |
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CN101678651B CN101678651B (zh) | 2013-06-12 |
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EP (1) | EP2155487B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP5351888B2 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN101678651B (zh) |
BR (1) | BRPI0812349B1 (zh) |
GB (1) | GB0710808D0 (zh) |
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- 2008-06-05 JP JP2010510872A patent/JP5351888B2/ja active Active
- 2008-06-05 WO PCT/GB2008/001919 patent/WO2008149093A1/en active Application Filing
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN101678651B (zh) | 2013-06-12 |
EP2155487B1 (en) | 2020-09-16 |
GB0710808D0 (en) | 2007-07-18 |
BRPI0812349B1 (pt) | 2019-01-29 |
JP2010528968A (ja) | 2010-08-26 |
EP2155487A1 (en) | 2010-02-24 |
WO2008149093A1 (en) | 2008-12-11 |
US20100189996A1 (en) | 2010-07-29 |
BRPI0812349A2 (pt) | 2015-01-27 |
US8227079B2 (en) | 2012-07-24 |
JP5351888B2 (ja) | 2013-11-27 |
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