CN101669214B - 塑料复合材料用于制备光伏模块的用途 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及塑料复合材料(1、1′)用于制备光伏模块的用途，该塑料复合材料包含选自聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯(PEN)或乙烯-四氟乙烯共聚物(ETFE)的载体材料(3、3′)，以及在两侧与该载体材料邻接的聚酰胺12层(2、2′、4、4′)。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及塑料复合材料用于制备光伏模块的用途。
背景技术
光伏模块用来从日光产生电能并且由含太阳能电池系统作为芯层的层压体构成。这一芯层被包封材料包封，该包封材料起防止受机械和气候引起的影响的作用。这些材料可以由一层或多层玻璃和/或塑料膜和/或塑料复合材料构成。
目前，根据标准由含氟聚合物膜和聚酯构成的膜复合材料用于耐候性膜层压体。在这种情况下，在外侧的含氟聚合物膜保证耐候性，聚酯膜保证机械稳定性和所需的电绝缘性能。在内侧的另一个含氟聚合物膜用于与太阳能电池系统的密封层结合。
在此，合氟聚合物膜对用作太阳能电池本身的包埋材料的密封层仅显示低的粘附性。另外，含氟聚合物膜仅对电绝缘具有次要的贡献，由此导致需要使用比较厚的聚酯膜。
发明内容
在此，本发明希望对此进行改善。
本发明涉及塑料复合材料用于制备光伏模块的用途，该塑料复合材料包含选自聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯(PEN)或乙烯-四氟乙烯共聚物(ETFE)的载体材料，以及在两侧与该载体材料邻接的聚酰胺12层。这种用途使得可以实现对充当太阳能电池的包埋材料的密封层的优异粘附性，同时使得可以使用较薄的聚合物膜，因为聚酰胺12具有与聚酯相当的绝缘性能。
根据本发明的用途的有利的实施方案公开在权利要求书中。
具体实施方式
下文中将参照本发明可能的实施方案(参见图1-4)以及参照可能的实施例详细地解释本发明。
图1示出了光伏模块24的示例性结构，其中太阳能电池系统被根据本发明使用的材料1、1′包封。该包封材料1、1′基本上由耐候性膜2、2′和载体材料3、3′构成，在该载体材料3、3′上邻接作为对密封层5、5′的粘合促进剂的膜4、4′。密封层5、5′产生与太阳能电池系统6的力锁合(kraftschlüssig)连接。
图2示出了用于制备根据本发明使用的塑料复合材料的可能的层压装置。利用涂覆装置9用粘合剂涂覆根据实施例选择的载体材料3并在穿过干燥器10之后与耐候性膜2粘合。在这种情况下，耐候性膜2可以是透明或着色的。通过辊11之间的压制压力控制两个膜之间的接触。在根据实施例a)的任何实施方式中也可以利用物理介质8预处理可以是透明或着色的载体材料3。在第二个相似的工艺步骤中，用充当粘合促进剂的膜4(参见图1)将由载体材料3和耐候性膜2构成的复合材料3/2粘合。
在这种情况下，充当粘合促进剂的膜4可以是透明或着色的。载体膜3的粘合也可以首先与充当粘合促进剂的膜4进行并仅在第二个工艺步骤中才与耐候性膜2进行。
图3示意性地示出了用于耐候性膜2、载体材料3和充当粘合促进剂的膜4的共挤出以产生力锁合复合材料的可能的装置。共挤出系统的结构可以由工艺决定而改变。构成材料2、3和4的塑料的熔体位于容器12、13和14中。每个容器中分别仅存在一种聚合物。利用隙缝式喷嘴15制备耐候性膜2、载体膜3和充当粘合促进剂的膜4的共挤出物。将这种共挤出物挤出到冷却辊16a上并从那里经由另一个冷却辊16b导引到卷绕系统19。在该工艺进程中进行在线厚度测量17。附加的粘合促进剂层(例如专利DE19720317、EP837088或EP509211中所述)可以共挤出在载体材料3与耐候性膜2之间或在载体材料3与充当粘合促进剂的膜4之间，或也可以共挤出在载体材料3与膜2和4之间。在前两种情况下，共挤出物由四个层构成，在最后一种情况下，它由五个层构成。为此可以相应地改造根据图3的用于共挤出的系统。
为了将塑料复合材料用作太阳能电池6的包封材料，如图1所示，将此时作为卷装产品存在的复合材料1不连续地按定尺寸剪切并在常规层压工艺中与可以根据实施例选择的密封层5接合。
虽然由层压工艺产生层2、3、4、5的复合材料，但是该复合材料中使用的塑料的进一步固化在光伏模块24的预复合材料的最终生产过程中进行，该最终生产如图4所示可以例如通过所谓的辊对辊方法进行。
在这种情况下，例如，将由包封材料1和密封层5连同太阳能电池系统6(由挠性太阳能电池类型构成)构成的复合材料20卷绕在存储辊B上。使由包封材料1′和密封层5′构成的另一种复合材料20′从相对的存储辊A引出，并供给与复合材料20一同从存储辊B引出的太阳能电池系统6。在此，将从存储辊A或B引出的材料幅分别供给加热站21或21a，在其中将包封材料至少加热到密封层5或5′的软化温度。由此确保一方面在层20和20′之间以及另一方面在太阳能电池系统6与层20和20′之间形成复合材料。为了实现这种预复合材料的固化和包封材料中使用的聚合物的完全交联，将它供给加热站23。可以将用于光伏模块的预复合材料24′储存在存储辊C上，并根据需要从该存储辊相应地再次引出。
以下实施例描述各个层中组分选择的可能的变化方案：
耐候性膜2、2′：聚酰胺12(PA12)，
载体材料3、3′：聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯(PEN)、乙烯-四氟乙烯共聚物(ETFE)以及它们的呈膜或膜复合材料形式的共挤出物。
作为粘合促进剂的膜4、4′：聚酰胺12(PA12)
密封层5、5′：乙烯(Ethyl)乙酸乙烯酯(EVA)、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)、离子聚合物、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、聚氨酯、聚酯或热熔体。
上述复合材料也可以经历化学或物理表面处理。
通过根据本发明将聚酰胺12用作充当粘合促进剂的膜4、4′或另外还用作耐候性膜2、2′，在光伏模块24中，如图1所示，可以将较薄载体膜3、3′用于包封材料1、1′。可以使用薄载体膜3、3′，因为与含氟聚合物膜相反，聚酰胺12具有比较高的电绝缘能力。40μm厚的PA12膜具有424V的最高允许的系统电压(根据IEC 60664-1/IEC61730-2测量)。PVF膜(37μm)具有346V的最高允许的系统电压(根据IEC 60664-1/IEC 61730-2测量)。PA12的绝缘能力与聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯相当。
使用聚酰胺12作为充当粘合促进剂的膜4、4′同样确保对可以根据实施例选择的密封层5、5′的显著改进的粘附性。PA12例如对于EVA膜(Type Etimex 486 Fast Cure)显示＞60N/cm的粘附性。用PVF膜仅可以保证≥4N/cm的粘附性。为了达到与聚酰胺12相当的粘附性，对于含氟聚合物膜，如当前根据标准在用于光伏模块的包封技术中使用的那些，要求附加的物理表面处理或化学涂覆(底漆)。
使用聚酰胺12还具有的优点是，在处置光伏模块方面，与商业上常用的模块结构相比，可以避免含氟聚合物的部分。
Claims (20)
1.塑料复合材料(1、1′)用于制备光伏模块(24)的用途，该塑料复合材料包含选自聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯或乙烯-四氟乙烯共聚物的载体材料(3、3′)，以及在两侧与该载体材料邻接的由聚酰胺12构成的耐候性膜(2、2′)和作为粘合促进剂的膜(4、4′)。
2.根据权利要求1的用途，其特征在于所述载体材料(3、3′)借助于粘合剂层与所述由聚酰胺12构成的耐候性膜(2、2′)和作为粘合促进剂的膜(4、4′)力锁合连接。
3.根据权利要求2的用途，其特征在于所述粘合剂层中的粘合剂是聚氨酯和/或聚酯粘合剂。
4.根据权利要求1的用途，其特征在于所述复合材料可通过共挤出制备。
5.根据权利要求4的用途，其特征在于另外将至少一种粘合促进剂用于所述共挤出。
6.根据权利要求1-5中任一项的用途，其特征在于在所述耐候性膜(2、2′)与载体材料(3、3′)，和/或载体材料(3、3′)与作为粘合促进剂的膜(4、4′)之间使用配备有从蒸汽相沉积的氧化物层的聚合物膜。
7.根据权利要求6的用途，其特征在于所述配备有从蒸汽相沉积的氧化物层的聚合物膜是由聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯或聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯或乙烯-四氟乙烯共聚物构成的膜以及由它们得到的呈膜或膜复合材料形式的共挤出物。
8.根据权利要求6的用途，其特征在于所述从蒸汽相沉积的氧化物层是氧化铝层或氧化硅层。
9.根据权利要求1的用途，其特征在于在所述耐候性膜(2、2′)与载体材料(3、3′)，和/或载体材料(3、3′)与作为粘合促进剂的膜(4、4′)之间使用铝箔。
10.根据权利要求1的用途，其特征在于在作为粘合促进剂的膜(4、4′)上提供另外的层作为粘合层。
11.根据权利要求10的用途，其特征在于所述粘合层是单层或多层的并且由聚氨酯和/或聚酯和/或聚丙烯酸酯构成。
12.根据权利要求10或11的用途，其特征在于借助于共挤出施加所述粘合层。
13.根据权利要求10或11的用途，其特征在于借助于辊涂覆装置施加所述粘合层。
14.根据权利要求1-5中任一项的用途，其特征在于所述耐候性膜(2、2′)、载体材料(3、3′)、作为粘合促进剂的膜(4、4′)和密封层(5、5′)中的至少一个层是着色的。
15.根据权利要求1的用途，其特征在于借助于物理介质预处理所述载体材料(3、3′)。
16.根据权利要求1的用途，其特征在于将密封层(5、5′)施加于所述耐候性膜(2、2′)或作为粘合促进剂的膜(4、4′)上。
17.根据权利要求16的用途，其特征在于所述密封层(5、5′)是乙烯乙酸乙烯酯或聚乙烯醇缩丁醛或聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯或聚氨酯或聚酯，以及由它们得到的呈膜或膜复合材料形式的共挤出物。
18.根据权利要求16的用途，其特征在于所述密封层(5、5′)是离子聚合物。
19.根据权利要求16的用途，其特征在于所述密封层(5、5′)是热熔体。
20.根据权利要求1的用途，其特征在于在至少一个上侧面上物理和/或化学处理所述耐候性膜(2、2′)或作为粘合促进剂的膜(4、4′)。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ATA734/2007 | 2007-05-10 | ||
| AT0073407A AT505186A1 (de) | 2007-05-10 | 2007-05-10 | Verwendung eines kunststoffverbundes für die herstellung photovoltaischer module |
| PCT/AT2008/000159 WO2008138022A1 (de) | 2007-05-10 | 2008-05-08 | Verwendung eines kunststoffverbundes für die herstellung photovoltaischer module |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN101669214A CN101669214A (zh) | 2010-03-10 |
| CN101669214B true CN101669214B (zh) | 2011-12-14 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN200880015438A Pending CN101715608A (zh) | 2007-05-10 | 2008-05-08 | 聚酰胺作为光伏模块的封装材料的用途 |
| CN2008800118129A Expired - Fee Related CN101669214B (zh) | 2007-05-10 | 2008-05-08 | 塑料复合材料用于制备光伏模块的用途 |
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| CN200880015438A Pending CN101715608A (zh) | 2007-05-10 | 2008-05-08 | 聚酰胺作为光伏模块的封装材料的用途 |
Country Status (22)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US20100059105A1 (zh) |
| EP (2) | EP2150987A2 (zh) |
| JP (2) | JP2010528454A (zh) |
| KR (2) | KR20100014682A (zh) |
| CN (2) | CN101715608A (zh) |
| AR (3) | AR066507A1 (zh) |
| AT (5) | AT505186A1 (zh) |
| BR (2) | BRPI0811286A2 (zh) |
| CA (2) | CA2681835A1 (zh) |
| CL (2) | CL2008001371A1 (zh) |
| CY (1) | CY1111856T1 (zh) |
| DK (1) | DK2143148T3 (zh) |
| ES (1) | ES2366685T3 (zh) |
| HR (1) | HRP20110691T1 (zh) |
| MX (2) | MX2009010922A (zh) |
| PE (2) | PE20090122A1 (zh) |
| PL (1) | PL2143148T3 (zh) |
| PT (1) | PT2143148E (zh) |
| RS (1) | RS51813B (zh) |
| RU (2) | RU2438210C2 (zh) |
| SI (1) | SI2143148T1 (zh) |
| WO (2) | WO2008138022A1 (zh) |
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