CN101657954B - 嵌套式可变场电机 - Google Patents

嵌套式可变场电机 Download PDF

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CN101657954B
CN101657954B CN2008800122092A CN200880012209A CN101657954B CN 101657954 B CN101657954 B CN 101657954B CN 2008800122092 A CN2008800122092 A CN 2008800122092A CN 200880012209 A CN200880012209 A CN 200880012209A CN 101657954 B CN101657954 B CN 101657954B
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magnetic drive
rotor
drive elements
motor
axle
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CN101657954A (zh
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R·A·希梅尔曼
M·沙哈马特
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Hamilton Sundstrand Corp
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Hamilton Sundstrand Corp
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/02Details
    • H02K21/021Means for mechanical adjustment of the excitation flux
    • H02K21/022Means for mechanical adjustment of the excitation flux by modifying the relative position between field and armature, e.g. between rotor and stator
    • H02K21/023Means for mechanical adjustment of the excitation flux by modifying the relative position between field and armature, e.g. between rotor and stator by varying the amount of superposition, i.e. the overlap, of field and armature
    • H02K21/024Radial air gap machines
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60W20/00Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K1/00Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/02Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units comprising more than one electric motor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K17/00Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/04Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
    • B60K17/043Transmission unit disposed in on near the vehicle wheel, or between the differential gear unit and the wheel
    • B60K17/046Transmission unit disposed in on near the vehicle wheel, or between the differential gear unit and the wheel with planetary gearing having orbital motion
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K17/00Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/04Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
    • B60K17/14Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing the motor of fluid or electric gearing being disposed in or adjacent to traction wheel
    • B60K17/145Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing the motor of fluid or electric gearing being disposed in or adjacent to traction wheel the electric gearing being disposed in or adjacent to traction wheel
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    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/46Series type
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/547Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • HELECTRICITY
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  • Permanent Magnet Type Synchronous Machine (AREA)

Abstract

电机(100)包括第一转子轴(102)、第二转子轴(104)和中部元件(106)。第一转子轴(102)绕电机(100)的中心轴线(C/L)旋转,且具有设置在第一转子轴(102)的外周边周围的第一磁性驱动元件(108)。第二转子轴(104)绕第一转子轴(102)旋转,且具有设置在第二转子轴(104)的内周边周围的第二磁性驱动元件(110)。中部元件(106)设置在第一转子轴(102)和第二转子轴(104)之间,且构造成在第一转子轴和第二转子轴绕中心轴线(C/L)旋转时保持固定。中部元件(106)还包括用于与第一磁性驱动元件(108)相互作用的第三磁性驱动元件(112),以及用于与第二磁性驱动元件(110)相互作用的第四磁性驱动元件(114)。

Description

嵌套式可变场电机
发明背景
本发明大体涉及电机,且更具体地涉及包括多个集成的无刷永磁(PM)电动机的驱动系统。PM电动机通过利用磁体和电场之间的电磁关系将电能转换成动能。相反地,PM发电机使用相反的电磁关系来将动能转换成电能。PM电动机和PM发电机统称为电机。在典型的PM电动机中,电流通过导线的固定绕组产生交变的磁场,以推动和/或拉动磁性转子。磁性转子联接到轴上,以产生旋转轴功率。另外,可在低转子速度下从PM电动机获得高输出扭矩。由于这些原因和其它原因,PM电动机非常适用于例如军用车辆或施工设备等的大型履带车辆的推进系统。可变场(VF)PM电动机特别适用于电动车辆的推进系统,因为可变场PM电动机能够在超过其传统的角点(对于给定的转子/定子排列的最大速度输出的点)的恒定功率模式下运行。VFPM电动机调节磁体和导线的相对轴向位置,以调节两个构件的磁通相互作用。因此,VFPM电动机通常需要用于电动机壳体的另外的轴向长度,从而可将磁体和导线分开。
使用PM电动机的交叉驱动型推进系统对于电动履带车辆是流行的选择,因为它们能够将功率从一个车辆履带传递到另一个履带。但是,为了做到这一点,交叉驱动系统通常需要使用多个电动机。例如,需要一个PM电动机来提供车辆推进,且需要另一个电动机来提供转向功率。因此,交叉驱动推进系统通常是麻烦的,因为PM电动机必须轴向地或者径向地堆叠。然而,在车辆推进系统中,以及对于其它不同范围的应用来说,需要减小PM电动机的空间消耗,以使空间可用于其它用途,例如用于货物。还需要使电动车辆的宽度保持与路面和货运装备(例如平板小车和火车)相协调。因此,需要更加紧凑的电机,特别是需要更加紧凑的双可变场永磁电动机。
发明概述
本发明以电机为对象,该电机包括第一转子轴、第二转子轴和中部元件。第一转子轴绕电机的中心轴线旋转,且具有设置在第一转子轴的外周边周围的第一磁性驱动元件。第二转子轴绕第一转子轴旋转,且具有设置在第二转子轴的内周边周围的第二磁性驱动元件。中部元件设置在第一转子轴和第二转子轴之间,且构造成在第一转子轴和第二转子轴绕中心轴线旋转时保持固定。定子还包括与第一磁性驱动元件相互作用的第三磁性驱动元件,以及与第二磁性驱动元件相互作用的第四磁性驱动元件。
附图简述
图1显示了其中使用了具有嵌套式可变场永磁电动机的交叉驱动推进系统的履带车辆。
图2显示了用于具有本发明的嵌套式可变场永磁电动机的履带车辆(例如图1所示)的交叉驱动推进系统的截面视图。
图3是显示了图2的嵌套式可变场永磁电动机的截面视图。
图4是显示了本发明的嵌套式可变场电机的示意图。
详细描述
图1显示了其中使用了交叉驱动推进系统12的履带车辆10。车辆10包括重型履带车辆,例如可改装用于军事或施工应用。车辆10包括交叉驱动推进系统12、左侧履带系统14L、右侧履带系统14R、柴油机18和发电机20。交叉驱动推进系统12包括可变场永磁电动机,且从而依靠电功率来运行。柴油发动机18为发电机20提供机械输入,以产生运行交叉驱动推进系统12所需的电功率。交叉驱动推进系统12因此驱动左侧履带系统14L和右侧履带系统14R,以推动车辆10。左侧履带系统14L包括驱动链轮22L、履带24L和车轮26L。驱动链轮22L连接成接收推进系统12的输出。链轮22L旋转,以拉动履带24L,从而使得车辆10以车轮26L滚动。推进系统12与右侧履带系统14R类似地相互作用,右侧履带系统14R包括类似的构件,例如驱动链轮22R。
推进系统12依靠永磁(PM)推进电动机来将功率传递到左侧履带系统14L和右侧履带系统14R上。在车辆10稳定高速运行的情况下,PM电动机为左侧履带系统14L和右侧履带系统14R两者提供恒定的功率。为了使车辆10转向,履带系统14L或履带系统14R必须转得比另一个快。这通常需要将高达五倍的功率(与笔直推进所需的功率相比)输送到外侧履带上,同时将制动施加于内侧履带上。例如,需要大约400马力(HP)(约298.4kW)来驱动笔直推进,但是在转向动作期间,外侧履带处可能需要高达大约2000HP(约1,492kW),而需要从内侧履带吸收1600HP(约1193kW)的当量。因此,交叉驱动推进系统12包括另外的PM转向电动机,以在转向动作期间为交叉驱动系统提供差速输入。例如,为了执行左转向,PM转向电动机为交叉驱动推进系统12内的行星齿轮系统提供差速,以使分动齿轮系统能够在左转向期间将扭矩从左侧履带系统14L传递到右侧履带系统14R上。推进系统12使用可变场(VF)PM电动机,以便调节车辆10的功率输出和速度。为了减小车辆10内的推进系统12的空间占用率,推进系统12使用本发明的复合的嵌套式VFPM电动机。嵌套式可变场永磁电动机包括轴向和径向嵌套的电动机,以减小驱动系统12的轴向长度和周缘。因此,在车辆10内有另外的空间可用,例如用于乘坐者的空间28和30,而且车辆10的整体宽度与路面和货运装备相协调。
图2显示了具有本发明的复合式电动机32A和32B的图1的交叉驱动车辆推进系统12的截面视图。各个复合式电动机包括一对嵌套式可变场(VF)永磁(PM)电动机。复合式电动机32A包括推进电动机34A和转向电动机36A。同样,复合式电动机32B包括推进电动机34B和转向电动机36B。交叉驱动推进系统12包括分动齿轮系统45,分动齿轮系统45允许推进电动机34A和34B,以及转向电动机36A和36B分别单独地将功率传递到履带系统14L或14R中的一个上。从电动机34A、34B、36A和36B传递到履带系统14L和14R上的输出通过速度相加行星齿轮系统38L和速度相加行星齿轮系统38R调整成传递到各个履带系统上的单个输出。最后,速度相加行星齿轮系统38L和38R的输出通过制动器42L和42R以及最终传动组件44L和44R而传送到履带系统14L和14R上,最终传动组件44L和44R与车辆10的驱动链轮22L和22R连接。
因此复合式电动机32A和32B为车辆10提供冗余的推进功率。因此,车辆10能够在复合式电动机32A或32中的一个发生故障时运行。在正常运行期间,当以直线驱动车辆10时,推进电动机34A和34B自旋或旋转,以为履带系统14L和14R两者提供推进功率,且转向电动机36A和36停止。当需要转向动作时,推进电动机34A和34B继续驱动履带系统14L和14R,且转向电动机36A和36B运行,以为履带系统14L或14R中的一个提供另外的推进推力,且减小对另一个履带系统的推进推力。例如,为了执行左转向,推进电动机34A和34B继续在以期望的速度推动车辆10所需的相同功率下来运行。然而,转向电动机36A和36B与速度相加行星齿轮系统38L和38R,以及分动齿轮系统45一起工作,以为右侧履带系统14R提供另外的功率,且减小传递到左侧履带系统14L上的功率,从而使得可有效地执行转向操作。
因此,各个VFPM电动机的功率输出不需要像单个PM电动机对各个履带系统提供推进和转向功率的情况下需要的那样高。因此,发电机20的总功率输出更有效地传递到左侧履带系统14L和右侧履带系统14R上。为了优化推进电动机34A、转向电动机36A、推进电动机34B和转向电动机36B的速度和扭矩特性,其各构造成可变场永磁电动机,包括旋转的和固定的磁性驱动元件,例如永磁体或线圈绕组。因此,各个电动机需要推进系统12和车辆10内的空间,以允许转子的磁性驱动元件相对于定子的磁性驱动元件进行轴向调节。为了减小系统12的整体尺寸,特别是宽度,推进电动机34A和转向电动机36A在复合式电动机32A内是嵌套的,且推进电动机34B和转向电动机36B在复合式电动机32B内是嵌套的。
图3显示了在图2的复合式电动机32A内嵌套的推进电动机34A和转向电动机36A。复合式电动机32A嵌套在壳体46内的分动齿轮系统45和速度相加行星齿轮系统38L之间。行星齿轮系统38L与单级齿轮减速系统40L连接,单级齿轮减速系统40L通过制动器42L和最终传动组件44L连接到左侧履带系统14L的驱动链轮22L上。推进电动机34A和转向电动机36A各自包括可变场永磁(VFPM)电动机,可变场永磁(VFPM)电动机建立在复合式电动机32A内的中部元件47周围。推进电动机34A包括第一定子48、第一线圈绕组50、第一转子52、第一永磁体54和第一促动器56。转向电动机36A包括第二定子49、第二线圈绕组58、第二转子60、第二永磁体62和第二促动器64。复合式电动机32B包括类似的构件。因此,复合式电动机32A和复合式电动机32B各自包括一对嵌套的可变场永磁电动机,它们各自具有可独立地操作的定子和转子。
中部元件47通过其它构件中的托架66和68连接到壳体46上,从而使得中部元件47在复合式电动机32A的运行期间保持固定。中部元件47包括环形体,此环形体包括中心孔、内表面和外表面。中部元件47包括弯曲部分70,弯曲部分70将环形体分成第一部分47A和第二部分47B。第一线圈绕组50连接到中部元件47的第一部分47A的外表面上,以形成定子48,第二线圈绕组58连接到中部元件47的第二部分47B的内表面上,以形成定子49。因此,第一线圈绕组50面离开中心孔,而第二线圈绕组58则面朝向中部元件47的中心孔。
由圆柱形轴组成的第二转子60插入中部元件47的中心孔中。永磁体62连接到第二转子60的外部,从而使得永磁体62能够保持与第二线圈绕组58的磁通路径。永磁体62通过促动器64与转子60连接,从而使得磁体62可相对于第二转子60轴向地滑动,以调节与第二线圈绕组58的磁通路径。转子60在其第一端处被托架68处的轴承72支撑。转子60的第一端还与齿轮73连接,以连接到分动齿轮系统45上。转子60的第二端与齿轮74连接,以连接到行星齿轮系统38L上。齿轮74由与第一转子52连接的轴承76支撑在壳体46内。
第一转子52包括圆柱形体78,内凸托架80、轴向法兰82、外环形齿轮84和内齿轮86。永磁体54连接到圆柱形体78的内部,从而使得永磁体54能够保持与第一线圈绕组50的磁通路径。永磁体54用促动器56连接到圆柱形体78上,从而使得磁体54可相对于第一转子52轴向地滑动,以调节与第一线圈绕组50之间的磁通路径。内齿轮86连接到分动齿轮系统45上,从而使得第一转子52的内端支撑在复合式电动机32A内,且可绕托架68旋转。转子52的第二端由轴承76支撑在法兰82处,轴承76支撑在第二转子60上,从而使得第一转子52可绕中部元件47旋转。转子52的第二端通过外齿轮84连接到行星齿轮系统38L上。中部元件47的第二端在第一转子52内由法兰82处的轴承88支撑。因此,第一转子52可绕中部元件47的外部自由地旋转,且第二转子60可绕中部元件47的内部自由地旋转。
推进电动机34A和转向电动机36A嵌套以减小复合式电动机32A的体积。第一转子52、第二转子60和中部元件47绕复合式电动机32A的中心轴线而同心地设置,第一转子52和第二转子60可绕中心轴线自由地且独立地旋转。中部元件47绕中心轴线不动地固定在第一转子52和第二转子60之间。如上所述,第一定子48包括设置在中部元件47的第一部分47A处的第一线圈绕组50。同样地,第二定子49包括设置在中部元件47的第二部分47B处的第二线圈绕组58。第一定子48和第二定子49通过例如中部元件47的成分或绕组50和58以及中心体47之间存在的绝缘来实现彼此的电隔离。因此,中部元件47为推进电动机34A和转向电动机36A两者所共有,这消除了对于定子48和定子49的每个都具有单独的安装构件的需要,从而减小复合式电动机32A的总体直径。
中部元件47包括进一步减小复合式电动机32A的直径或径向大小的弯曲部分70。弯曲部分70对中部元件47的环形体提供弯折部(jog)或弯曲部,从而使得第一线圈绕组50和第二线圈绕组58凹入中部元件47中。这样,第一线圈绕组50与中部元件47的第一部分47A对准,且第二线圈绕组58与中部元件47的第二部分47B对准。弯曲部分70延伸得足够深,从而当第一永磁体54绕促动器56抽出,或者自绕圈绕组50卸下时,第一永磁体54紧密邻近第二部分47B。同样地,第二永磁体62可紧密邻近第一部分47A且不干涉第一部分47A地在第二促动器64上滑动。因此,推进电动机34A与转向电动机36A径向地集成,以减小复合式电动机32A的宽度。特别地,当复合式电动机32A卸下时,复合式电动机32A仅需要像推进电动机34A的宽度一样宽,而不是像推进电动机34A和转向电动机36A两者的累积的卸下后的宽度一样宽。
复合式电动机32A的第一线圈绕组50和第二线圈绕组58被供给有来自发电机20(图1)的电功率,以产生电磁场。相应的电磁场与第一永磁体54和第二永磁体62相互作用,以分别产生第一转子52和第二转子60的旋转运动。第一永磁体54和第二永磁体62分别在第一转子52和第二转子60上轴向地可调,以分别调节与线圈绕组50和线圈绕组58的磁通路径。例如,在电动机角点处,永磁体54完全与促动器56接合,从而使得永磁体54的表面区域与线圈绕组50的表面区域完全对准。这样,磁体54和线圈绕组50之间的磁通量交换达到最大,可增大供应给线圈绕组50的功率以达到推进电动机34的最大扭矩输出。但是,为了使转子52的速度输出增大到超过角点处可获得的速度输出,永磁体54可自线圈绕组50卸下,以减小两个构件之间的磁通量交换。自线圈绕组50卸下永磁体54增大转子52的最大旋转速度输出,但却降低了转子52的最大扭矩输出。因此,第一推进电动机34A可充当恒定的扭矩电动机或恒定的功率电动机。
推进电动机34A的输出(即转子55的旋转)通过外齿轮84传递到行星齿轮系统38L上。齿轮84使行星齿轮90旋转,使齿轮托架91旋转,从而使得转子52的输出被传递到单级行星齿轮减速系统40L上,在此,转子52的输出可输出到联接件92上,从而传递到最终传动组件44L(图2)上。同样地,转子55的旋转通过内齿轮86传递到分动齿轮系统45上,从而使得其输出传递到最终传动组件44R上。复合式电动机32B以类似的方式驱动VFPM推进电动机的转子,以冗余地驱动履带系统14L和14R。复合式电动机32A和复合式电动机32B的输出在齿轮系统94和伞齿轮95处联接,从而使得复合式电动机32A和32B同时地且协调地驱动左侧履带系统14L和右侧履带系统14R。因此,以恒定的速度向前或向后驱动车辆10,从而使得车辆10沿大体笔直的方向运动。
为了执行车辆10的左侧转向动作,右侧履带系统14R必须驱动得比左侧履带系统14L快,这需要另外的能量输入。复合式电动机32A包括转向电动机36A,转向电动机36A为推进系统12提供转向输入,且通过齿轮传递系统45、速度相加行星齿轮系统38L和速度相加行星齿轮系统38R将功率从一个履带系统重新分配到另一个履带系统上。
转向电动机36A通过太阳齿轮74联接到速度相加行星齿轮系统38L的行星齿轮90上。推进电动机34A通过环形齿轮84联接到行星齿轮90上。第一转子52的环形齿轮84和第二转子60的太阳齿轮74一起工作,以使行星齿轮90和齿轮托架91转动。转向电动机36A和推进电动机34A也通过分动齿轮组件45联接到速度相加行星齿轮系统38R上。分动齿轮系统45工作,以便使转向电动机36A和36B的相对输出反向,从而对于左侧转向来说,转向电动机36A和36B为速度相加行星齿轮系统38A的太阳齿轮74提供负的旋转速度,而为速度相加行星齿轮系统38B的太阳齿轮提供正的旋转速度。速度相加行星齿轮系统38A的环形齿轮84和速度相加行星齿轮系统38B的环形齿轮继续由推进电动机34A和推进电动机34B以相同的速度驱动。这使速度相加行星系统38L的齿轮托架91减速,且使速度相加行星系统38R的齿轮托架加速。因此,扭矩通过推进系统12的交叉驱动传动而从左侧履带系统14L传递到右侧履带系统14R上。这个的发生不影响推进电动机34A和34B的输出。因此,仅需要转向电动机36A和36B提供足够的扭矩,以克服使扭矩从左侧履带系统14L传递到右侧履带系统14R上时的机械传动损失。例如,如果交叉驱动传动是百分之九十八有效的,则可以用转向电动机从左侧履带系统14L传递2000HP(约1492kW)到右侧履带系统14R上,而仅为推进系统12提供组合的40HP(约29.8kW)。
因此,通过使用本发明的嵌套式永磁驱动系统,推进系统12能够为左侧履带系统14L和右侧履带系统16R提供选定的功率,而无需使用具有大量单独的功率消耗的大型的大容量永磁电动机。因此,可使用例如推进电动机34A和转向电动机36A等更小的电动机来使推进系统保持小尺寸。另外,转向电动机36A嵌套在推进电动机34A内,以进一步减小复合式电动机32A的直径和宽度。复合式电动机32A的紧凑性尤其很好地适于交叉驱动推进系统。但是,复合式电动机32A也适于其它应用,且可对其进行相应地修改。
图4显示了表示图3的复合式电动机32A的简化的、广义化的实施例的嵌套式可变场电机100的示意图。电机100包括可被修改成用于各种应用中的本发明的一个实施例。电机100包括第一转子轴102、第二转子轴104和定子体106。第一磁性驱动元件108安装到第一转子轴102上,以形成第一转子,且第二磁性驱动元件110安装到第二转子轴104上,以形成第二转子。定子体106包括安装到内表面114上形成第一定子的第三磁性驱动元件112,以及安装到定子体106的外表面118上形成第二定子的第四磁性驱动元件116。因此,电机100构造成包括两个单独地相互作用的转子组和定子组。
定子体106包括环形体,且定子体106固定在第一端120处,从而当允许第一转子轴102和第二转子轴104绕中心线CL旋转时,定子体106保持固定。第一转子轴102包括圆柱形轴,此圆柱形轴延伸通过定子体106的中心孔122,从而使得圆柱形轴在定子体106内旋转。第二转子轴104包括圆柱形外壳,此圆柱形外壳包围定子体106,从而使得第二转子轴104绕定子体106旋转。第二转子轴104包括环形体124、支撑托架126和法兰128,且定子体106包括支撑托架129。
第二转子轴104的第一端由轴承130支撑在定子体106的外表面处,定子体106的支撑托架120使轴承130自中心线CL径向地移置。第二转子轴104的第二端由法兰128处的轴承132支撑在定子体106的内表面处,支撑托架126使轴承132自环形体124径向地移置。因此,第二转子轴104自第一转子轴102径向地移置,且允许第二转子轴104沿向前或向后方向绕定子体106外面的中心线CL自由地旋转。第二转子轴104由法兰128处的轴承134支撑在第一转子轴102的外表面上。第一转子轴102由法兰128处的轴承134和支撑托架129处的轴承136支撑在定子体106内。因此,第一转子轴102被允许沿向前或向后方向绕定子体106内的中心线CL自由地旋转。因此,第一转子轴102和第二转子轴104绕中心线CL同心地设置,以减小直径D。同样地,第一转子轴102和第二转子轴104轴向地集成,以减小宽度W。
第一转子轴102插入定子体106中,从而使得第一磁性驱动元件108与第三磁性驱动元件112对准。第二转子轴104绕定子体106设置,从而使得第二磁性驱动元件110与第四磁性驱动元件116对准。第一磁性驱动元件108可沿第一转子轴102轴向地移置,以改变与第三磁性驱动元件112的相互作用。第一磁性驱动元件108沿第一转子轴102移置,从而使得第一磁性驱动元件108在第四磁性驱动元件116内延伸,因此避免对电机100的另外的轴向长度的需要。相似地,第二磁性驱动元件110可沿第二转子轴104轴向地移置,以改变与第四磁性驱动元件116的相互作用。第二磁性驱动元件110沿第二转子轴104移置,从而使得第二磁性驱动元件110延伸,以包围第三磁性驱动元件112,因此避免对电机100的另外的轴向长度的需要。磁性驱动元件108和110可使用任何适当的促动机构来进行轴向移置。这样,减小了电机100的宽度W。定子体106包括弯曲部138,弯曲处138允许第三磁性驱动元件112和第四磁性驱动元件116更接近,以进行径向对准。这样,减小了电机100的直径D。但是,弯曲处138没有深得足以阻止第一磁性驱动元件108和第二磁性驱动元件110的轴向运动。
电机100可构造成具有两个嵌套式PM电动机、嵌套在反结构PM电动机内的传统PM电动机,如上所述。但是,电机100可构造成其它类型的电动机,例如感应电动机、交换磁阻、DC有刷电动机等。电机100还可构造成作为电动机或发电机而操作。第一转子轴102和第二转子轴104绕中心线CL独立地旋转,且可独立地供有功率以及由开关和变换器控制,如特定的应用所要求的那样。另外,可按需要将机械功率取消或供应至各种位置中的第一转子轴102和第二转子轴104上。磁性驱动元件108、110、112和116可为围绕中心线CL的永磁体阵列或围绕中心线CL的线圈绕组。这样,电机100从电动机轻易地转换成发电机,或反之亦然。在任何构造中,电机100提供用于嵌套绕具有配合性的电磁或机电元件的固定体旋转的具有电磁或机电元件的两个旋转体的方法。因此,各自具有可独立地操作的定子元件和转子元件的两个可独立地操作的电机同心地嵌套。因此,减小了电机的总体直径。相似地,减小了电机的总体宽度,特别是当结合可变场电机使用时。
虽然已经参照优选实施例对本发明进行了描述,但是本领域技术人员将认识到,可在不偏离本发明的精神和范围的情况下改变形式和细节。

Claims (14)

1.一种嵌套式永磁驱动系统,包括:
中部元件,包括:
环形体,其从环形体的第一端延伸至环形体的第二端,所述环形体包括:
中心孔,其具有中心轴线;
弯折部,其定位在所述第一端和所述第二端之间;
第一电枢部分,其从所述第一端延伸至所述弯折部;和
第二电枢部分,其从所述弯折部延伸至所述第二端,并且被所述弯折部从所述第一电枢部分轴向移置;
第一面向外的磁性驱动元件,其连接到所述第一电枢部分上,以形成第一定子;和
第一面向内的磁性驱动元件,其连接到所述第二电枢部分上,以形成第二定子;
其中,所述弯折部将所述第一电枢部分定位在所述第二电枢部分的径向向内处,使得所述第一面向外的磁性驱动元件与所述第二电枢部分同轴地对准,而所述第一面向内的磁性驱动元件与所述第一电枢部分同轴地对准;
第一转子,包括:
圆柱形体,其延伸越过所述环形体的所述第一电枢部分、所述弯折部和所述第二电枢部分,以同心地包围所述环形体;
第二面向内的磁性驱动元件,其连接到所述圆柱形体的内表面上,并且用于以电磁的方式与所述第一面向外的磁性驱动元件相互作用;和
第一促动器,其用于轴向移置所述第二面向内的磁性驱动元件,以便将所述第二面向内的磁性驱动元件部分地定位在所述圆柱形体和所述中部元件的所述第二电枢部分之间;和第二转子,包括:
轴,其延伸通过所述中心孔并且延伸越过所述第一电枢部分、所述弯折部和所述第二电枢部分;
第二面向外的磁性驱动元件,其连接到所述轴的外表面上,并且用于以电磁的方式与所述第一面向内的磁性驱动元件相互作用;和
第二促动器,其用于轴向地移置所述第二面向外的磁性驱动元件,以便将所述第二面向外的磁性驱动元件部分地定位在所述轴和所述中部元件的所述第一电枢部分之间。
2.根据权利要求1所述的嵌套式永磁驱动系统,其特征在于:
所述第一面向外的磁性驱动元件和所述第一面向内的磁性驱动元件包括线圈绕组;并且
所述第二面向外的磁性驱动元件和所述第二面向内的磁性驱动元件包括永磁体。
3.根据权利要求1所述的嵌套式永磁驱动系统,其特征在于,所述圆柱形体还包括:
托架,其从所述圆柱形体径向向内凸出;和
法兰,其从所述托架轴向凸出进入所述中心孔,用于支撑所述圆柱形体,使所述圆柱形体与所述环形体同心。
4.根据权利要求3所述的嵌套式永磁驱动系统,其特征在于,所述环形体还包括从所述环形体径向向内凸出的支撑件,用于支撑所述环形体,使所述环形体与所述轴同心。
5.根据权利要求4所述的嵌套式永磁驱动系统,其特征在于,所述圆柱形体还包括:
第一端,其由第一轴承支撑在所述环形体的外表面上;以及
第二端,其由在所述法兰处的第二轴承支撑在所述轴的外表面上。
6.根据权利要求5所述的嵌套式永磁驱动系统,其特征在于,所述环形体还包括:
第一端,其由在所述支撑件处的第三轴承支撑在所述轴上;以及
第二端,其由第四轴承支撑在所述法兰上。
7.根据权利要求6所述的嵌套式永磁驱动系统,其特征在于,所述嵌套式永磁驱动系统还包括:
环形齿轮,其附接到所述圆柱形体上;
太阳齿轮,其附接到所述轴上;以及
行星齿轮,其将所述环形齿轮和所述太阳齿轮连接,用于协调所述嵌套式永磁驱动系统的输出。
8.一种双重永磁电动机,包括:
第一电动机,包括:
圆柱形定子体,其具有第一线圈,所述第一线圈形成安装到所述圆柱形定子体在第一轴向位置处的外部的第一定子绕组;和
第一转子,其构造成绕所述圆柱形定子体旋转,并且具有构造成绕所述第一定子绕组旋转的第一永磁体阵列,所述第一永磁体阵列相对于所述第一转子可轴向调节,以调节在所述第一永磁体阵列和所述第一定子绕组之间的磁通相互作用;以及
第二电动机,包括:
第二线圈,其形成安装到所述圆柱形定子体在第二轴向位置处的内部的第二定子绕组;和
第二转子,其构造成在所述圆柱形定子体内旋转,并且具有构造成在所述第二定子绕组内旋转的第二永磁体阵列,所述第二永磁体阵列相对于所述第二转子可轴向调节,以调节在所述第二永磁体阵列和所述第二定子绕组之间的磁通相互作用;
其中,所述圆柱形定子体包括将所述第一轴向位置布置在所述第二轴向位置的径向向内的弯曲部分,使得所述第一定子绕组与所述第二轴向位置同轴对准,而所述第二定子绕组与所述第一轴向位置同轴对准;并且
所述弯曲部分径向定位在所述第一转子和所述第二转子之间,使得所述第一永磁体阵列和所述第二永磁体阵列能够被轴向地移置成同时至少部分地与所述弯曲部分径向对准。
9.根据权利要求8所述的双重永磁电动机,其特征在于,所述圆柱形定子体的第一端由在所述第二转子处的轴承支撑,所述圆柱形定子体的第二端由在所述第一转子处的轴承支撑。
10.根据权利要求9所述的双重永磁电动机,其特征在于,所述第一转子的第一端由在所述定子体的外表面上的轴承支撑,而所述第一转子的第二端支撑在所述第二转子的外表面上的轴承和所述定子体的内表面上的轴承之间。
11.一种电机,包括:
第一转子轴,其用于绕所述电机的中心轴线旋转,并且具有设置在所述第一转子轴的外周边周围的第一磁性驱动元件;
第二转子轴,其用于绕所述第一转子轴旋转,并且具有设置在所述第二转子轴的内周边周围的第二磁性驱动元件;和
中部环形元件,其设置在所述第一转子轴和所述第二转子轴之间,并且构造成当所述第一转子轴和所述第二转子轴绕所述中心轴线旋转时保持固定,并且其中,所述中部环形元件包括:
第一轴向部分,其具有用于与所述第一磁性驱动元件相互作用的第三磁性驱动元件;
第二轴向部分,其具有用于与所述第二磁性驱动元件相互作用的第四磁性驱动元件;以及
弯曲部分,其在所述第一轴向部分和所述第二轴向部分之间轴向连接,并且在所述第一转子轴和所述第二转子轴之间径向设置,使得所述第三磁性驱动元件和所述第四磁性驱动元件各自凹入所述中部环形元件的内径和外径界限内;
其中,所述第一磁性驱动元件相对于所述第一转子轴可轴向调节,以邻近所述第二轴向部分径向定位,从而调节在所述第一磁性驱动元件和所述第三磁性驱动元件之间的磁通相互作用;并且
所述第二磁性驱动元件相对于所述第二转子轴可轴向调节,以邻近所述第一轴向部分径向定位,从而调节在所述第二磁性驱动元件和所述第四磁性驱动元件之间的磁通相互作用。
12.根据权利要求11所述的电机,其特征在于,所述中部环形元件的第一端由在所述第二转子轴上的轴承支撑,而所述中部环形元件的第二端由在所述第一转子轴上的轴承支撑。
13.根据权利要求12所述的电机,其特征在于,所述第二转子轴的第一端由在所述中部环形元件的外表面上的轴承支撑,而所述第二转子轴的第二端支撑在所述第一转子轴的外表面上的轴承和所述中部环形元件的内表面上的轴承之间。
14.根据权利要求13所述的电机,其特征在于,所述电机还包括:
正齿轮,其附接到所述第一转子轴上;
环形齿轮,其附接到所述第二转子轴上;以及
行星齿轮,其将所述环形齿轮和所述正齿轮连接,用于协调所述第一转子轴和所述第二转子轴的输出。
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