CN1866686A - 带有行星齿轮系统的传动系电动机 - Google Patents

带有行星齿轮系统的传动系电动机 Download PDF

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CN1866686A
CN1866686A CNA200610077157XA CN200610077157A CN1866686A CN 1866686 A CN1866686 A CN 1866686A CN A200610077157X A CNA200610077157X A CN A200610077157XA CN 200610077157 A CN200610077157 A CN 200610077157A CN 1866686 A CN1866686 A CN 1866686A
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assembly
gear
rotor
power train
electric motor
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CN1866686B (zh
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D·克雷默
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AWENMELITEL TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/10—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters
    • H02K7/116—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters with gears
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/10—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
    • B60L50/16—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)
  • Retarders (AREA)

Abstract

一开关磁阻电机包括一定子、一转子和一行星齿轮组件。该转子限定出一内部空腔以容纳该行星齿轮组件。该开关磁阻电机通过一单一的公共轴接收输入和提供输出。该轴是车辆传动系的一部分，并且被定位成可以为例如变速箱或者驱动桥提供驱动输入。行星齿轮组件包括一安装在该轴上以与其一同转动的行星齿轮架和连接在转子上的太阳轮。该行星齿轮组件使得转子以比轴更快的速度转动，从而对于低速车辆应用来说该开关磁阻电机可以在更有效率的工作范围内工作。

Description

带有行星齿轮系统的传动系电动机
相关申请
本申请要求2005年4月27日提交的序列号为60/675,269的临时申请的优先权。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种开关磁阻电动机，其应用在车辆传动系中用来为并联混合系统产生并存储能量，其中该开关磁阻电动机包括一行星齿轮组件，其使得该开关磁阻电机能在一较高的速度范围内运行，并可为低速车辆应用提高电动机效率。
背景技术
传统的摩擦制动器和缓速器(retarder)在制动期间不能回收任何能量。缓速器的一种实例是一种电涡流缓速器，其通过散热来吸收能量以进行制动。
在驱动一驱动轴的并联混合设计中，电动机用来回收制动能量。该制动能量储存在电池或者超级电容中，然而当前的设计效率非常低。为了提高当前系统的效率，需要对车辆传动系作出很大改动来提高电动机/发电机相对于传动系的速度。这种速度提高对于低速车辆应用例如公交车以及垃圾集运应用来说尤其重要。
正如公知的，当电动机在高速范围内运行时效率最高。随着电动机速度的下降，即接近零时，电动机效率也相应地下降，即也达到零。例如，3000rpm是一个正常电动机运行速度，当电动机只在500rpm下运行时，电动机效率就会急剧下降。低速、停停走走的车辆应用通常在500rpm范围内运行。
因而，即使在低速应用中也能高效率运行的并联混合系统需要一种电动机/发电机组合装置。
发明内容
一电动机包括一转子，其是旋转电机组件，和一定子，其是非旋转电机组件。在一个实施例中，转子限定出一内部空腔。一齿轮组件位于该内部空腔中并且连接到该转子上。一传动系组件连接在该齿轮组件上，其使转子以一比该传动系组件更快的速度转动，以使电动机对于低速车辆应用可以在更有效率的工作范围内工作。
该传动系组件包括一个单一的穿心轴through-shaft，其可同时为电动机提供输入以及从电动机组件提供输出。该齿轮组件包括包括至少一个行星齿轮组件，其具有一个太阳轮、多个行星齿轮、一齿圈、和一支撑该多个行星齿轮的行星齿轮架。该行星齿轮架连接在所述穿心轴上，该太阳轮被安装成和转子一同转动，该齿圈是非转动组件。这种结构使得电动机可以根据需要为低速车辆应用更有效地储存和产生能量。
该电动机优选用作并联混合系统的一部分，并且可以安装在车辆传动系中的多个不同位置上。例如，该电动机可以用来为变速箱或者车桥组件提供驱动输入。另外，可以在车辆传动系中使用一个单独的电动机，或者如果需要的话使用多个电动机。
可以从下文说明和附图中更好地理解本发明的上述和其它特征，下面是附图的简要说明。
附图说明
图1是应用在本发明中的一种传动系结构的示意图。
图2是应用在本发明中的另一种传动系结构示意图。
图3是应用在本发明中的另一种传动系结构示意图。
图4是应用在本发明中的另一种传动系结构示意图。
图5是一电动机和齿轮组件的剖面图，示出了齿轮组件的一个实施例。
图6是一电动机和齿轮组件的剖面图，示出了齿轮组件的另一个实施例。
具体实施方式
图1中示出了用附图标记10整体指代的车辆传动系。该车辆传动系10包括一发动机12，其为变速箱14提供驱动输入，变速箱14为车桥组件16提供输入。该车桥组件16可以包括任意形式的车桥组件，例如单驱动桥或者双驱动桥组件。另外，应当理解该车辆传动系10可以包括其它的传动系组件，例如公知的副变速器、减速器dropboxes、离合器等等。
在图1所示的例子中，电动机组件20位于发动机12和变速箱14之间。在该构形中电动机组件20连接一个穿心轴22(参见图5-6)，其可以是电动机输出轴24或者变速箱输入轴26中的至少一个。在图2所示实施例中，电动机组件20位于变速箱14和车桥组件16之间。在这种构形中，穿心轴22是变速箱输出轴28或者车桥输出轴30中的至少一个。在图3所示实施例中，在车辆传动系10中采用了两(2)个电动机组件20。图4示出了车桥组件16是一个双桥组件，包括一前后驱动桥16a和一后后驱动桥16b。在该例中电动机组件20位于前后桥组件16a和后后桥组件16b之间。
在上述各构形中，电动机组件20用来根据需要增加或者降低穿心轴22的转矩。这对于采用电动机作为必要时辅助驱动输入和制动并且也采用电动机在制动时回收能量的并联混合车辆来说特别有利。该电动机组件20通过一车辆控制器25进行控制，该车辆控制器25来判断什么时候转矩应当增加或者降低。另外，使用一存储装置27，例如电池或电容器来存储在制动期间回收的能量。
如图5所示，电动机组件20连接到围绕轴线34转动的穿心轴22上。电动机组件20包括一个由定子壳体38支撑的定子36和一个由转子壳体42支撑的转子40。在图示实施例中，定子36和定子壳体38是不转动的，且安装在一不转动车辆组件上，例如发动机壳体、变速箱壳体、车桥壳体或者车架组件上。转子40和转子壳体42是随穿心轴22转动而旋转的组件。转子40位于定子36内。应当理解可以采用一种相反的构形，即转子40和转子壳体42环绕定子36和定子壳体38。
定子壳体38由两个紧固到一起的半壳体38a、38b构成。转子壳体42由一个单体件构成，或者由多个部分构成。转子壳体42确定出一个环绕穿心轴22的内腔44。
定子36和转子40协同作用以构成一个开关磁组电机。定子36可以进行水冷或者乙二醇冷却，来防止电动机组件20过热。不像其它的包括磁体等部件的无刷电动机，该开关磁组电动机采用叠层材料来构成定子36和转子40。因而，定子36和转子40由多个堆叠在一起的片层组成。一种典型的构形是转子40和定子36设置带齿的片层且各齿上带有线圈。在一个实施例中，定子36包括18个齿，转子包括12个齿。构成片层的材料是公知的，在此不详细讨论了。
一齿轮组件48连接到穿心轴22和转子壳体42上。图5示出了齿轮构形的一个例子，包括一第一齿轮组件48a，图6示出了齿轮构形的另一个例子，包括一第二齿轮组件48b。在图示实例中，电动机组件20包括两个第一齿轮组件48a或者两个第二齿轮组件48b，其沿轴线34相互隔开设置，即在转子壳体42的两侧上。然而，电机组件20也可以采用单独的一个第一齿轮组件48a或者一个第二齿轮组件48b，这取决于车辆的具体应用。
如图5所示，第一齿轮组件48a优选是行星齿轮组，其包括一个太阳轮50a、多个和太阳轮50a啮合的行星齿轮52a、和一与多个行星齿轮52a啮合的齿圈54a。一行星齿轮架56a支撑该多个行星齿轮52a，各行星齿轮52a支撑在行星齿轮轴58a上。该行星齿轮架56a被安装成与穿心轴22一同转动，齿圈54a被安装到定子壳体38上。优选地，行星齿轮架56a直接与穿心轴22花键连接。
一轴承60安装在转子壳体42和齿圈54a之间。轴承60安装在转子壳体的延伸部分62上。一密封件64位于定子壳体38和行星齿轮架56a之间。齿圈54a为杯形，具有一个与轴承60接合的基部66和从基部66横向伸出以与行星齿轮52a相啮合的齿部68。
转子40和转子壳体42连接在太阳轮50a上，以绕着轴线34转动。因而，转子40驱动太阳轮50a，太阳轮50a驱动多个行星齿轮52a，其再反过来作用不转动的齿圈54以驱动行星齿轮架56a。然后该行星齿轮架56a再驱动穿心轴22。
如图6所示，第二齿轮组件48b优选是行星齿轮组，其包括一个太阳轮50b、多个和太阳轮50b啮合的行星齿轮52b、和一与多个行星齿轮52b啮合的齿圈54b。一行星齿轮架56b支撑该多个行星齿轮52b，各行星齿轮52b支撑在行星齿轮轴58b上。该行星齿轮架56b被安装成与穿心轴22一同转动，齿圈54b被安装到定子壳体38上。优选地，行星齿轮架56b直接与穿心轴22花键连接。
一轴承70安装在转子壳体42和齿圈54b之间。轴承70优选是一组合式轴承并且安装在齿圈54b的外周72上。齿圈54b是环形的且带有一个和多个行星齿轮52b啮合的齿部74。一密封件64位于行星齿轮架56b和齿圈54b之间，齿圈54b固定在定子壳体38上。
转子40和转子壳体42连接在太阳轮50b上，以绕着轴线34转动。因而，转子40驱动太阳轮50b，太阳轮50b驱动多个行星齿轮52b，其再反过来作用不转动的齿圈54以驱动行星齿轮架56b。然后该行星齿轮架56b再驱动穿心轴22。
第一齿轮组件48a与第二齿轮组件48相比，采用了比轴承70和密封件76直径小的轴承60和密封件64。第二轴承组件48b提供了一种较大直径的结构布局，有助于采用较大的环形组合轴承。两种构形中的多个行星齿轮52a、52b都可以采用通电铁技术powered irontechnology。
在另外一种构形中，齿轮组件48使转子40转动的比穿心轴22快。优选地，转子40至少比穿心轴22转动快三(3)倍。这使得电动机组件20可以在电动机20较高效率的范围内运行。这对于低速、停停走走的车辆应用例如公交车和垃圾集运车来说是有利的。当使用传统的电动机结构时，用于这类应用的低速占空比循环会使电机组件20以非常低的效率工作。通过采用这种齿轮组件48，电动机组件20总是保持在较高效率的工作范围内。
作为另一种构形的例子，转子相对于轴的速度(rotor-to-shaftspeed，RTS)等于齿圈齿数(ring gear teeth，RT)除以太阳轮齿数(sungear teeth，ST)加1(RTS＝#RT/ST+1)。齿圈和太阳轮的齿数可以根据需要改变，以提供所需的转子-轴转速转换。直圆柱齿轮或者斜齿轮可以用于齿轮组件。
如上文所讨论过的，可以用两个齿轮组件48，其可以提供一种平衡的左/右设计。这种结构可以运行更大的轴侧载荷。可选地，可以在一侧使用一个单独的齿轮组件48，其可以从轴或者壳体安装部分例如用于附加支撑的壳体安装部分上悬臂伸出。
在任意一种上述构形中，齿轮组件48都容纳在转子壳体42的内腔44中。定子壳体38与转子壳体42一同将齿轮组件48封闭在电动机组件20内。
该电动机组件20和齿轮组件48的结合使用提供了一种较低成本且更稳固耐用的开关磁阻电机，其带有利用电动机组件20的内部空间的整体减速装置。由于在穿心轴22和转子40之间设置齿轮装置从而使该电动机组件和齿轮组件48可以在低速时具有更高的效率。另外，电动机的冷却可以在电动机组件20的外部进行，因为在这种构形中不需要进行转子冷却。
驱动电动机和缓速器与穿心轴22并联。另外，定子壳体38易于和多种传动系安装位置相适应。包括同轴装置的紧凑的、重量轻的电动机组件可以应用在一种并联混合系统中，并位于车桥支架前部、变速箱后部或者在发动机和变速箱之间。
尽管公开了本发明的一个优选实施例，但是本领域技术人员可以认识到能在本发明范围内作出一定的改变。为此，所附权利要求应当用来确定本发明的真实范围和内涵。

Claims (18)

1.一种电动机组件，包括：
一定子；
一转子，相对于所述定子围绕一轴线转动并限定出一内部空腔；
一齿轮组件，连接在所述转子上并位于所述内部空腔内；和
一传动系组件，连接在所述齿轮组件上，其中所述齿轮组件和所述转子共同作用，使所述转子以一比所述传动系组件更快的速度转动，从而对于低速车辆应用来说，电动机组件可以在更有效率的工作范围内工作。
2.按照权利要求1所述的电动机组件，其特征在于所述定子和所述转子由片层材料堆叠而成，从而所述定子和所述转子构成了一个开关磁阻电机，其限定出了所述的内部空腔以容纳所述齿轮组件。
3.按照权利要求1所述的电动机组件，其特征在于所述传动系组件和所述定子关于所述轴线同轴设置。
4.按照权利要求1所述的电动机组件，其特征在于所述齿轮组件包括至少一个行星齿轮组。
5.按照权利要求4所述的电动机组件，其特征在于所述至少一个行星齿轮组包括一个太阳轮、多个和太阳轮啮合的行星齿轮、一与多个行星齿轮啮合的齿圈、和一支撑该多个行星齿轮的行星齿轮架，其中所述行星齿轮架被安装成与所述传动系组件一同转动，且所述齿圈被安装到所述定子上。
6.按照权利要求5所述的电动机组件，其特征在于所述转子直接连接到所述太阳轮上。
7.按照权利要求1所述的电动机组件，其特征在于所述传动系组件以一个传动系转动速度转动，所述转子以一个电动机转动速度转动，所述齿轮组件使得所述电动机转速至少比所述传动系转动速度快三倍。
8.按照权利要求1所述的电动机组件，其特征在于所述传动系组件包括至少一个发动机输出元件、一变速箱输入元件、一变速箱输出元件和一车桥输入元件。
9.按照权利要求8所述的电动机组件，其特征在于所述传动系组件包括一个单一的穿心轴，其可同时为电动机组件提供输入以及从电动机组件提供输出。
10.按照权利要求1所述的电动机组件，其特征在于所述齿轮组件包括封闭在所述内部空腔中的第一和第二行星齿轮组，所述第一行星齿轮组在一个第一连接界面上连接到所述传动系组件上，且所述第二行星齿轮组在第二连接界面上连接到所述传动系组件上，第二连接界面与所述第一连接界面在轴向沿着所述轴线隔开设置。
11.按照权利要求1所述的电动机组件，其特征在于所述电动机组件包括一开关磁阻电机，其可以通过所述齿轮组件来增大或降低所述传动系组件的转矩，以作为一并联混合车辆系统的一部分来根据需要提供附加的驱动输入和制动输入。
12.一种并联混合车辆系统，包括：
一变速箱，从一发动机接收驱动输入；
一驱动桥，从所述变速箱接收驱动输入，其中该发动机、变速箱和驱动桥共同构成一车辆传动系；
至少一个开关磁阻电机，从所述车辆传动系的传动系组件接收输入，所述至少一个开关磁阻电机包括一定子和一转子，所述转子形成一内腔；封闭在内腔中的齿轮组件，齿轮组件与所述转子和传动系组件相连，其中所述齿轮组件和所述转子共同作用，使所述转子以一比所述传动系组件更快的速度转动，从而对于低速车辆应用来说，所述至少一个开关磁阻电机可以在更有效率的工作范围内工作。
13.按照权利要求12的并联混合车辆系统，其特征在于所述传动系组件包括一个单一的穿心轴，其可同时为该至少一个开关磁阻电动机提供输入，以及从该至少一个开关磁阻电动机提供输出。
14.按照权利要求13的并联混合车辆系统，其特征在于所述齿轮组件包括至少一个行星齿轮组，其包括一个太阳轮、多个和太阳轮直接啮合的行星齿轮、一与多个行星齿轮直接啮合的齿圈、和一支撑该多个行星齿轮的行星齿轮架，其中所述行星齿轮架被安装成与所述传动系组件一同转动，且所述齿圈被安装到所述定子上，所述转子直接连接到所述太阳轮上。
15.按照权利要求14的并联混合车辆系统，其特征在于所述单一穿心轴、所述太阳轮和所述行星齿轮架关于所述轴线同轴设置。
16.按照权利要求13的并联混合车辆系统，其特征在于所述单一穿心轴直接驱动一驱动桥。
17.按照权利要求13的并联混合车辆系统，其特征在于所述单一穿心轴直接驱动一变速箱。
18.按照权利要求13的并联混合车辆系统，其特征在于所述至少一个开关磁阻电机通过所述齿轮组件来增大或降低所述单一穿心轴的转矩，来根据需要提供附加的驱动转矩和制动转矩，其中所述至少一个开关磁阻电机在制动期间储存能量。
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