WO2013056458A1 - 电动机 - Google Patents

电动机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013056458A1
WO2013056458A1 PCT/CN2011/081089 CN2011081089W WO2013056458A1 WO 2013056458 A1 WO2013056458 A1 WO 2013056458A1 CN 2011081089 W CN2011081089 W CN 2011081089W WO 2013056458 A1 WO2013056458 A1 WO 2013056458A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
rotor
electric motor
stator
motor
permanent magnet
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2011/081089
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
丁景信
Original Assignee
Dien Ghing-Hsin
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dien Ghing-Hsin filed Critical Dien Ghing-Hsin
Priority to PCT/CN2011/081089 priority Critical patent/WO2013056458A1/zh
Publication of WO2013056458A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013056458A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K19/00—Synchronous motors or generators
    • H02K19/02—Synchronous motors
    • H02K19/10—Synchronous motors for multi-phase current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K16/00—Machines with more than one rotor or stator
    • H02K16/02—Machines with one stator and two or more rotors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/02—Details
    • H02K21/021—Means for mechanical adjustment of the excitation flux
    • H02K21/022—Means for mechanical adjustment of the excitation flux by modifying the relative position between field and armature, e.g. between rotor and stator
    • H02K21/023—Means for mechanical adjustment of the excitation flux by modifying the relative position between field and armature, e.g. between rotor and stator by varying the amount of superposition, i.e. the overlap, of field and armature
    • H02K21/024—Radial air gap machines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
    • H02K21/14—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating within the armatures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
    • H02K21/24—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets axially facing the armatures, e.g. hub-type cycle dynamos
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/10—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters
    • H02K7/1004—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters with pulleys
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/10—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters
    • H02K7/12—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters with auxiliary limited movement of stators, rotors or core parts, e.g. rotors axially movable for the purpose of clutching or braking

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electric motor. Background technique
  • a known motor typically has a stator wound around a coil and a rotor that produces a rotating magnetic field that drives the rotor to rotate within the magnetic field.
  • the rotor is divided into a permanent magnet type rotor and a non-permanent magnet type rotor, the permanent magnet type rotor is provided with a permanent magnet, and the non-permanent type rotor is generally an inductive or reluctance type rotor.
  • a motor having a permanent magnet rotor can also be used as a generator by rotating the rotor with an external force to induce a coil of the stator to induce a varying magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet, thereby generating an induced current.
  • the motor with the permanent magnet type rotor can enter the Regenerative braking mode to convert the kinetic energy into electric energy recovery.
  • the permanent magnet rotor has high energy consumption due to the permanent magnet magnetoresistance during high speed cruising.
  • Non-permanent rotors cannot be used as regenerative brakes when decelerating, but because they have no reluctance, they have lower energy consumption during high-speed cruising. Summary of the invention
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an electric motor which can have the advantages of kinetic energy recyclability of a permanent magnet type rotor, and at the same time has the advantage that the non-permanent rotor high speed cruising is not restricted by the reluctance to achieve high energy efficiency. purpose.
  • the present invention can be implemented by the following technical solutions.
  • An electric motor of the present invention includes at least one stator wound with a coil, at least one permanent magnet rotor, and at least one non-permanent rotor.
  • the stator can generate a magnetic field that rotates around a central axis.
  • the rotors are mechanically coupled together and driven by the rotating magnetic field to rotate around the central axis.
  • the relative position between the stator and the rotor along the central axis can be adjusted.
  • the motor has different modes of operation. For example, at low speeds, the permanent magnet rotor can be placed in a rotating magnetic field generated by the stator, in which case the motor is in a permanent magnet motor mode.
  • the permanent magnet rotor When entering high speed, the permanent magnet rotor can be gradually moved out of the rotating magnetic field, and the non-permanent rotor is moved into the rotating magnetic field, at which time the motor becomes a non-permanent magnet motor (generally an inductive motor or a reluctance motor) mode. .
  • the current of the stator coil can be interrupted to turn off the rotating magnetic field, and then the permanent magnet rotor is moved into the sensing range of the stator coil, so that the stator coil generates induced current recovery, and the motor is braked by the reluctance. Become a generator mode (regeneration brake).
  • Permanent magnet type The rotor and the non-permanent rotor are simultaneously placed in a rotating magnetic field. At this time, the two rotors are simultaneously driven to rotate by the magnetic field. This is a composite motor mode, which can be used when the maximum torque is required or when the motor is to be started.
  • the stator is fixed in the motor, and the permanent magnet rotor and the non-permanent rotor are fixed on the same rotating shaft, and the rotating shaft can be moved along the central axis thereof to change the relative position between the rotor and the stator. .
  • the rotating shaft is driven by a positioning device to move in parallel along the central axis direction.
  • the positioning device may be a hydraulic actuator, or a pneumatic actuator, or a linear motor or a motor with a screw or a screw screw.
  • the permanent magnet rotor and the non-permanent rotor are fixed to the rotating shaft, and the stator is movable in parallel along the central axis direction to change the relative position between the rotor and the stator.
  • the stator is driven to move by a positioning device.
  • the positioning device can be a hydraulic actuator, or a pneumatic actuator, or a linear motor or a motor with a screw or ball screw.
  • At least one of the rotors has a hollow rotating shaft that rotates about the other of the rotating shafts, the two rotating shafts being coupled to the rails by balls, or connected together via a connecting device.
  • the connecting device can be gear driven or belt driven or refining, and the two shafts can have different speeds.
  • the connecting device is a planetary gear set comprising two sun gears, two planet gears, two planet carriers and a ring gear.
  • the planetary gear set is mechanically connected with the two rotating shafts, and uses the gear speed difference and controls the rotation of the planetary carrier and the ring gear to adjust the rotational speed relationship between the two rotating shafts, including constant speed rotation, fast and slow, Different combinations such as one turn and one turn. It is also possible to drive the planetary gear set with an external power source (e.g., an internal combustion engine), such as rotating the ring gear with an external force to drive the rotor to rotate for use as a power generation or auxiliary drive.
  • an external power source e.g., an internal combustion engine
  • the relative position of the permanent magnet rotor and the stator is adjustable, and the relative positions of the non-permanent rotor and the stator are fixed.
  • an electric motor of the present invention adjusts the relative positions between the permanent magnet rotor and the non-permanent rotor and the stator, so that the motor has different operation modes to meet the requirements of different conditions, thereby achieving a high Multi-mode motor with efficiency.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of the electric motor of the present invention
  • FIGS. 2A to 2D are schematic views of an electric motor in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 3A through 3B are schematic views of an electric motor in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figs. 4A through 4D are schematic views of an electric motor in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • the rotor is made up of 3 ⁇ 4 (contains non-permanent)
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a motor 20 in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • the electric motor 20 includes at least one stator 1 and at least two rotors 3, 4.
  • the stator 1 is wound around a stator coil 2 and generates a rotating magnetic field around a central axis 6.
  • the stator 1 may be an annular shape and disposed on the inner side of the outer casing 7.
  • the four stators 1 may be respectively disposed on the inner side of the outer casing 7 and around the central shaft 6.
  • the manner and quantity of the stator are not limited to this invention.
  • the rotor 3 and the rotor 4 are connected to each other and fixed to the rotating shaft 5, and the rotating shaft 5 is fixed to the outer casing 7 by the ball bearing 8.
  • the rotating shaft 5 of the embodiment can be solid or hollow, and moves and rotates in the direction along the central axis 6.
  • the rotor 3 carries a permanent magnet and is a permanent magnet rotor; the rotor 4 is a non-permanent rotor.
  • a rotating magnetic field can be generated around the rotating shaft 5 and around the central shaft 6.
  • the "effective range of the rotating magnetic field" referred to herein means between the total width W of the stator 1 and the stator coil 2, as shown in Fig. 1, and the width W is the horizontal direction along the rotating shaft 5. That is, when the rotor 3 and the rotor 4 enter between the width W of the stator 1 and the stator coil 2, gp enters the effective range of the rotating magnetic field.
  • the motor 20 becomes a permanent In the magnetic motor, if the electric power of the stator coil 2 is interrupted at this time and the rotating magnetic field is lost, the rotor 3 and the stator 1 and the stator coil 2 will form a generator, and the rotor 3 can be rotated to generate electricity.
  • the motor 20 is a non-permanent magnet motor, and according to the different design of the rotor 4,
  • squirrel cage, wire wound or magnetoresistive can be an inductive motor or a reluctance motor.
  • the relative position between the rotor 3, the rotor 4 and the stator 1 can be changed according to the speed and torque requirements to obtain the best driving efficiency.
  • the motor 20 when rotating at a low speed, the motor 20 can be made into a permanent magnet motor to obtain maximum torque and control force; when rotating at a high speed, the motor 20 can be made into an induction motor or a reluctance motor to obtain an optimum speed. With efficiency.
  • the rotor 3 can be gradually replaced by the rotor 4, and the reluctance of the permanent magnet is used to generate a deceleration effect, and at the same time, the electric motor 20 becomes a generator, and the kinetic energy is converted into electric energy recovery, which is a Regenerative braking.
  • the motor 20 further includes a positioning device P, and the rotating shaft 5 is connected with the positioning device P.
  • the positioning device P includes a positioning motor 9 and a screw 10, and the positioning motor 9 is disposed at one end of the screw 10, and the screw 10 is The other end is disposed in the outer casing 7.
  • FIG. 2A also shows the situation where the position of the rotor 4 is completely within the effective range of the rotating magnetic field, at which time the motor 20 is in a non-permanent motor mode.
  • FIG. 2B the state in which the rotating shaft 5 is pushed forward by the positioning motor 9 and the screw 10 is shown. At this time, each part of the rotor 3 and the rotor 4 (for example, each half) is in the effective range of the rotating magnetic field.
  • the compound motor mode it is suitable for when the maximum torque is required or when the motor 20 is to be started.
  • FIG. 2C the state in which the rotating shaft 5 is continuously advanced to the right by the positioning motor 9 and the screw 10 is displayed.
  • the rotor 3 is completely positioned within the effective range of the rotating magnetic field, and the motor 20 is in the permanent magnet type motor mode. Or generator mode, and is conducive to regenerative braking.
  • the positioning device P1 is changed to use the hydraulic actuator 12 and the push rod 13 to move the rotating shaft 5, and the hydraulic drive can also be replaced with a pneumatic drive or a motor (for example, a linear motor or Replace with a motor with a screw or ball screw).
  • a pneumatic drive or a motor for example, a linear motor or Replace with a motor with a screw or ball screw.
  • a motor 22 according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the motor 22 further includes a plurality of rotating shafts and a connecting device 31.
  • the motor 22 of the present embodiment has two rotating shafts as an example, which are respectively a rotating shaft 5 and a hollow rotating shaft 51, and the rotating shaft 5 and the hollow rotating shaft 51 are connected by a connecting device 31.
  • the rotor 4 is fixed on the rotating shaft 5; the rotor 3 is fixed on a hollow rotating shaft 51, the diameter of the hollow rotating shaft 51 is larger than the rotating shaft 5, the rotating shaft 5 passes through the hollow rotating shaft 51 and the hollow rotating shaft 51 rotates around the rotating shaft 5, and
  • the two shafts 5, 51 are connected to the connecting device 31.
  • the connecting device 31 may be a gear, a belt or a refining strip, and the connecting device 31 of the present embodiment takes a planetary gearbox as an example. Further, the positioning motor 9 and the screw 10 of Fig. 3A are connected to the stator 1, and the stator 1 can be moved in the parallel direction of the central axis 6 to change the relative position with the rotors 3, 4.
  • the connecting device 31 has a sun gear 32A connected to the rotating shaft 5, and the other sun gear 33A is connected to the hollow rotating shaft 51.
  • the planetary gear 32B is connected to the sun gear 32A and the ring gear 34.
  • the planetary gear 33B is connected to the sun gear 33A and the ring gear 34, the planetary carrier 32C (the planet carrier) is connected to the planetary gear 32B, and the planetary carrier 33C is coupled to the planetary gear 33B.
  • the hollow shaft 51 and the rotating shaft 5 can be rotated by each other, and the gear ratio can be designed to have the same or different rotational speeds of the two rotating shafts 5, 51.
  • the connecting device 31 has a plurality of different operation modes.
  • the planetary carrier 32C and the planetary carrier 33C are fixed and the ring gear 34 is freely rotatable, the rotor 3 (the hollow shaft 51) and the rotor 4 (the rotating shaft 5) can rotate with each other.
  • the planetary carrier 32C is fixed and the planetary carrier 33C and the ring gear 34 are freely rotatable, the rotor 4 and the ring gear 34 are rotatable with each other, and the rotor 3 is free to rotate.
  • the ring gear 34 can also be coupled to an external power source, such as an internal combustion engine, where different modes of operation can be produced by different modes of operation of the motor 22, such as with the rotor 3 Or the rotor 4 is de-energized to start the internal combustion engine; or the internal combustion engine drives the ring gear 34 to drive the rotor 3 to generate electricity; or the internal combustion engine assists the rotors 3, 4 to drive the rotating shaft 5; or the internal combustion engine replaces the rotors 3, 4 to drive the rotating shaft 5; or the rotor 3, 4 are independently driven or driven to each other.
  • an external power source such as an internal combustion engine, where different modes of operation can be produced by different modes of operation of the motor 22, such as with the rotor 3 Or the rotor 4 is de-energized to start the internal combustion engine; or the internal combustion engine drives the ring gear 34 to drive the rotor 3 to generate electricity; or the internal combustion engine assists the rotors 3, 4 to drive the rotating shaft 5; or the internal combustion engine replaces the rotors
  • the sun gears 32A, 33A are connected to the rotating shafts 5, 51, respectively, but the sun gears 32A, 33A may be replaced by the planetary carriers 32C, 33C, and connected to the rotating shafts 5, 51, respectively.
  • the hollow shaft 51 of the motor 23 and the rotating shaft 5 are connected to a set of belts 36 driven by a belt (or refining) 35, so that the two rotating shafts 5, 51 Rotate each other.
  • a motor 24 is a Pancake motor or an axial magnetic motor.
  • the rotors 3 and 4 are fixed on the hollow shaft 51.
  • the rotary shaft 5 is rotated, and the hollow rotary shaft 51 is pushed by the push rod 13 to move in a direction parallel to the central shaft 6 to change the relative position with the stator 1.
  • Figure 4A shows the mode of operation of the stator 1 to drive the rotor 4, that is, the stator 1 is relatively close to the rotor 4 (permanent rotor) and relatively far from the rotor 3 (non-permanent rotor).
  • FIG. 4B the operation mode in which the stator 1 drives the rotor 3 after the push rod 13 has moved the hollow shaft 51 to the right is shown, that is, the stator 1 is relatively close to the rotor 3 and relatively far from the rotor 1.
  • Fig. 4C shows the case where the stator 1 drives the rotor 4.
  • Fig. 4D shows the case where the push rod 13 shifts the rotor 3 to the right, and the stator 1 can simultaneously drive the rotor 3 and the rotor 4.
  • various types of operation modes such as a permanent magnet motor, an induction motor or a reluctance motor, a composite motor, a regenerative brake, and a generator can be produced by the above-described electric motor to suit various applications.
  • an electric motor has a plurality of different operational modes by changing the relative positional relationship between at least two different types of rotors (permanent rotor and non-permanent rotor) and the stator.
  • the non-permanent rotor can be moved to a rotating magnetic field, so that the motor can have low power consumption at high speed; when decelerating, the permanent magnet rotor is moved to the sensing range of the stator coil. , to make the motor have a regenerative braking mode. This results in a more efficient drive and avoids energy loss.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Permanent Magnet Type Synchronous Machine (AREA)

Abstract

一种电动机包括至少绕有一定子线圈的定子、至少一个永磁式转子及至少一个非永磁式转子。所述定子可产生环绕一中心轴旋转的磁场，所述转子机械性连接在一起，受所述旋转磁场驱动并以所述中心轴为中心旋转，所述定子与所述转子沿着所述中心轴方向的相对位置可调整，使所述电动机具有不同的操作模式。其能够具有永磁式转子的动能可回收的优点，同时又具有非永磁式转子高速巡航不受磁阻限制的优点，以达到高能源使用效率的目的，因此，可以配合不同状况的需求，从而实现一种高效率多模式的电动机。

Description

电动机
技术领域
本发明关于一种电动机。 背景技术
公知的电动机通常具有一绕有线圈的定子与一转子， 定子产生一旋转磁场， 驱动转子在磁场内旋转。 其中， 转子又分为永磁式转子与非永磁式转子， 永磁 式转子载有永久磁铁， 非永磁式转子一般则为感应式或磁阻式转子。
说
具有永磁式转子的电动机又可作为发电机来使用， 其方式为用外力旋转转 子， 使定子的线圈感应到永久磁铁产生的变动磁场， 进而产生感应电流。 公知 书
的电动机应用在电动车时， 具有永磁式转子的电动机在减速时可进入再生性煞 车模式 （Regenerative braking) 将动能转为电能回收。 但是永磁式转子在高 速巡航时却因为永久磁铁磁阻的关系， 具有较高的能耗。 非永磁式转子在减速 时无法做为再生性煞车使用， 但是因为没有磁阻， 在高速巡航时具有较低的能 耗。 发明内容
本发明的目的为提供一种电动机， 使其能够具有永磁式转子的动能可回收 的优点， 同时又具有非永磁式转子高速巡航不受磁阻限制的优点， 以达到高能 源使用效率的目的。
本发明可采用以下技术方案来实现的。
本发明的一种电动机包括至少一个绕有线圈的定子、 至少一个永磁式转子 及至少一个非永磁式转子。 定子可产生一环绕一中心轴旋转的磁场， 转子间机 械性连接在一起， 并受旋转磁场驱动后， 以中心轴为中心旋转， 定子与转子间 沿着中心轴方向的相对位置可调整， 使电动机具有不同的操作模式。 例如在低 速时， 可将永磁式转子设置在定子产生的旋转磁场内， 此时电动机为永磁式马 达模式。 在进入高速时， 可渐渐将永磁式转子移出旋转磁场， 并将非永磁式转 子移入旋转磁场内， 此时电动机成为非永磁式马达 （一般为感应式马达或磁阻 式马达） 模式。 当要减速时， 可中断定子线圈的电流以关闭旋转磁场， 再将永 磁式转子移入定子线圈的感应范围内， 使定子线圈产生感应电流回收， 并通过 磁阻煞车， 此时所述电动机成为发电机模式 （再生性煞车）。 另外还可将永磁式 转子与非永磁式转子同时设置在旋转磁场， 此时两种转子同时被磁场驱动旋转， 此为复合马达模式， 可使用在需要最大扭矩时， 或是要启动电动机时。
在本发明的一实施例中， 定子固定在电动机内， 永磁式转子与非永磁式转 子固定在同一转轴上， 转轴可沿着其中心轴方向移动， 以改变转子与定子间的 相对位置。
在本发明的一实施例中， 转轴受一定位装置驱动而沿着中心轴方向平行移 动。 其中， 定位装置可为一液压驱动器、 或一气压驱动器、 或一线性马达或一 接有螺杆或滚珠螺杆 ( screws, rol led bal l screws ) 的马达。
在本发明的一实施例中， 永磁式转子与非永磁式转子固定在转轴上， 定子 可沿着中心轴方向平行移动， 以改变转子与定子间的相对位置。
在本发明的一实施例中， 定子受一定位装置驱动而移动。 定位装置可为一 液压驱动器、 或一气压驱动器、 或一线性马达或一接有螺杆或滚珠螺杆的马达。
在本发明的一实施例中， 至少一个转子具有一中空的转轴环绕另一个转轴 上旋转， 两个转轴通过滚珠与导轨连接， 或经由一连接装置连接在一起。 连接 装置可为齿轮驱动或皮带驱动或炼条驱动， 且两个转轴可具有不同的转速。
在本发明的一实施例中， 连接装置为一行星式齿轮组， 包括两个太阳齿轮， 两个行星齿轮、 两个行星载盘及一环式齿轮。 行星式齿轮组与两个转轴机械性 连接， 并利用齿轮速差及控制行星载盘与环式齿轮的转动与否， 以调整二转轴 间的转速关系， 包括等速转动、 一快一慢、 一转一不转等不同的组合。 还可以 利用外部动力源 （例如一内燃机） 驱动所述行星式齿轮组， 例如用外力旋转环 形齿轮， 以带动转子旋转， 作为发电或辅助驱动使用。
在本发明的一实施例中， 永磁式转子与定子的相对位置为可调整， 非永磁 式转子与定子的相对位置为固定。
承上所述， 本发明的一种电动机通过调整永磁式转子及非永磁式转子与定 子间的相对位置， 使得电动机具有不同的操作模式， 以配合不同状况的需求， 从而实现一种高效率多模式的电动机。
附图说明
图 1为本发明的电动机的示意图；
图 2A至图 2D为依据本发明优选实施例的一种电动机的示意图；
图 3A至图 3B为依据本发明优选实施例的一种电动机的示意图； 以及 图 4A至图 4D为依据本发明优选实施例的一种电动机的示意图。
主要元件符号说明： 20、 21、 22、 23、 24、 25： 电动机
1： 定子
2： 滚外定定中 ^子线圈
3： 转 ¾ ¾珠位子心壳 （永磁式）
4： 转子由 ¾（承达非永磁式）
5： 转轴
51： 中空转轴
6 由
7
8
9
1 0
1 轴
12 液压驱动器
13 推杆
31
32A、 33A 太阳齿轮
32B、 33B 行星齿轮
32C、 33C 行星载盘
34 环形齿轮
35： 皮带
36： 转轮组
P、 PI : 定位装置
W: 宽度 具体实施方式
以下将参照相关图式， 说明依本发明优选实施例的一种电动机， 其中相同 的元件将以相同的元件符号加以说明。
首先， 请参照图 1， 其为依据本发明优选实施例的一种电动机 20的剖面图。 电动机 20包括至少一个定子 1及至少两个转子 3、 4。
定子 1绕有一定子线圈 2， 并产生一旋转磁场环绕一中心轴 6。 其中， 定子 1可为一环状且设置在一外壳 7的内侧，亦可以四定子 1分别设置在外壳 7的内 侧并在所述中心轴 6周围， 其中， 定子的态样及数量并非限制于本发明。
转子 3与转子 4相互连接固定在转轴 5上， 转轴 5通过滚珠轴承 8固定在 外壳 7上， 本实施例的转轴 5可为实心或中空式， 且以沿着中心轴 6的方向移 动及旋转， 借以改变转子 3或转子 4与定子 1间的相对位置。 其中本实施例的 转子 3载有永久磁铁， 为一永磁式转子； 转子 4为一非永磁式转子。 更详细来 说， 定子 1与定子线圈 2在通电后， 可以在转轴 5的周围且环绕中心轴 6产生 一旋转磁场， 当转子 3与转子 4进入旋转磁场的有效范围时， 转子 3与转子 4 受旋转磁场驱动， 且以中心轴 6为中心旋转。 在此所称的 「旋转磁场的有效范 围」 指在定子 1与定子线圈 2的总宽度 W之间， 如图 1所示， 且宽度 W为沿转 轴 5的水平方向。 亦即， 当转子 3与转子 4进入定子 1与定子线圈 2的宽度 W 之间时， gp， 进入旋转磁场的有效范围。
当定子线圈 2通电， 并移动转轴 5使转子 3 (永磁式转子）设置在旋转磁场 有效范围内而转子 4 (非永磁式转子） 设置在旋转磁场有效范围外时， 电动机 20成为一永磁式马达， 若此时将定子线圈 2的电力中断， 使旋转磁场消失， 此 时转子 3与定子 1及定子线圈 2将形成一发电机， 只要转子 3旋转即可发电。
当定子线圈 2通电， 并移动转轴 5使转子 4设置在旋转磁场有效范围内而 转子 3设置在旋转磁场有效范围外时， 电动机 20为一非永磁式马达， 而依转子 4的不同设计， 例如鼠笼式、 绕线式或磁阻式， 可以成为感应式马达或磁阻式马 达。
值得一提的是， 可以依速度与扭矩的需求， 来改变转子 3、 转子 4与定子 1 之间的相对位置， 以得到最佳的驱动效率。 例如在低速旋转时， 可以使电动机 20成为永磁式马达， 以求得最大扭矩及控制力； 在高速旋转时， 可以使电动机 20成为感应式马达或磁阻式马达， 以求得最佳速度与效率。 而在减速时， 可使 转子 3逐渐取代转子 4， 利用永久磁铁的磁阻产生减速的效果， 同时使电动机 20成为一发电机， 将动能转为电能回收， 此即为再生性煞车 （Regenerative braking)
接着， 请参照图 2A依据本发明优选实施例的电动机 20， 以进一歩说明本发 明。在本实施例中， 电动机 20还包含一定位装置 P, 转轴 5与定位装置 P连接， 定位装置 P包括一定位马达 9及一螺杆 10， 定位马达 9设置在螺杆 10的一端， 而螺杆 10的另一端设置在外壳 7。通过定位马达 9及螺杆 10的转动带动， 可使 转轴 5沿着中心轴 6的平行方向移动， 进而调整转子 3、 4的位置， 以改变转子 3、 4与定子的相对距离。 另外， 转轴 5的一输出端则连接一个固定长度的输出 轴 11， 以便与外界连接。 图 2A同时显示转子 4的位置完全处在旋转磁场有效范 围内的情形， 此时电动机 20为非永磁式马达模式。 接着，请参照图 2B，显示转轴 5被定位马达 9及螺杆 10向右推进后的状况， 此时转子 3与转子 4各有部分 （例如为各一半） 位在旋转磁场有效范围内， 此 时通常为复合马达模式， 适合用在需要最大扭矩时， 或是要启动电动机 20时。
接着， 请参照图 2C， 显示转轴 5被定位马达 9及螺杆 10继续向右推进后的 状况， 此时转子 3完全位在所述旋转磁场有效范围内， 此时电动机 20为永磁式 马达模式或是发电机模式， 并有利于再生性煞车。
接着， 请参照图 2D的电动机 21， 则是将定位装置 P1改为利用液压驱动器 12及推杆 13来移动转轴 5， 另外液压驱动器也可以改用气动驱动器或是一马达 (例如是线性马达或接有螺杆或滚珠螺杆的马达） 来取代。
接着， 请参照图 3A依据本发明优选实施例的电动机 22， 电动机 22还包括 多个转轴及一连接装置 31。本实施例的电动机 22以具有两个转轴为例， 其分别 为转轴 5及中空转轴 51， 通过连接装置 31连接转轴 5及中空转轴 51。 其中， 转子 4固定在转轴 5上； 转子 3则是固定在一中空转轴 51上， 中空转轴 51的 直径大于转轴 5， 转轴 5穿设出中空转轴 51且中空转轴 51环绕着转轴 5旋转， 并且两个转轴 5、 51连接到连接装置 31。 连接装置 31可为齿轮、 皮带或炼条， 本实施例的连接装置 31以一行星式齿轮组 （planetary gearbox) 为例。 此外， 图 3A的定位马达 9及螺杆 10则是连接到定子 1，可以使定子 1沿着中心轴 6的 平行方向移动， 以改变与转子 3、 4间的相对位置。
连接装置 31具有一太阳齿轮 32A ( sun gear ) 与转轴 5连接， 及另一个太 阳齿轮 33A与中空转轴 51连接， 行星齿轮 32B ( planet gear ) 与太阳齿轮 32A 及环形齿轮 34 (ring gear ) 连接， 行星齿轮 33B与太阳齿轮 33A及环形齿轮 34连接， 行星载盘 32C ( planet carrier ) 连接行星齿轮 32B, 行星载盘 33C连 接行星齿轮 33B。
通过连接装置 31的连接， 中空转轴 51与转轴 5可以互相带动旋转， 并可 以利用齿轮比的设计使两转轴 5、 51具有相同或不同的转速。 连接装置 31具有 多种不同的操作模式， 当行星载盘 32C与行星载盘 33C被固定而环形齿轮 34可 自由旋转时， 转子 3 (中空转轴 51 ) 与转子 4 (转轴 5 ) 可以互相带动旋转。 当 行星载盘 32C被固定而行星载盘 33C与环形齿轮 34可自由旋转时， 转子 4与环 形齿轮 34可互相带动旋转， 转子 3可自由旋转。 当行星载盘 33C被固定而行星 载盘 32C与环形齿轮 34可自由旋转时， 转子 3与环形齿轮 34可互相带动旋转， 转子 4可自由旋转。 环形齿轮 34还可以连接到一外部动力源， 例如一内燃机， 此时通过电动机 22的不同操作模式， 可以产生不同的驱动方式， 例如以转子 3 或转子 4去带动、 启动内燃机； 或是用内燃机带动环形齿轮 34进而带动转子 3 来发电； 或是以内燃机辅助转子 3、 4来驱动转轴 5 ; 或是以内燃机取代转子 3、 4来驱动转轴 5 ; 或是转子 3、 4独立驱动或互相驱动等。
另外， 虽然本实施例是以太阳齿轮 32A、 33A分别与转轴 5、 51连接， 但是 也可以利用行星载盘 32C、 33C取代太阳齿轮 32A、 33A ,分别与转轴 5、 51连接。
接着， 请参照图 3B， 与图 3A的电动机 22不同的是， 电动机 23的中空转轴 51与转轴 5连接到一组皮带 （或炼条） 35带动的转轮组 36， 使两个转轴 5、 51 互相连接转动。
接着， 请参照图 4A依据本发明优选实施例的电动机 24， 其为一盘式马达 ( Pancake motor ) 或轴向磁通式马达的构造， 其中转子 3、 4皆固定在中空转 轴 51上， 带动转轴 5旋转， 而中空转轴 51可由推杆 13推动， 沿着中心轴 6平 行的方向移动以改变与定子 1的相对位置。 图 4A显示的是定子 1驱动转子 4的 操作模式，也就是说定子 1相对靠近转子 4 (永磁式转子）而相对远离转子 3 (非 永磁式转子）。
接着， 请参照图 4B， 显示的是推杆 13将中空转轴 51向右推移后， 定子 1 驱动转子 3的操作模式， 亦即定子 1相对靠近转子 3而相对远离转子 1。
接着， 请参照图 4C， 电动机 25的转子 4固定在转轴 5上， 而转子 3固定在 中空转轴 51上， 推杆 13可以移动中空转轴 51及转子 3的位置。 图 4C显示定 子 1驱动转子 4的情形。 图 4D则是显示推杆 13将转子 3向右推移后的情形， 此时定子 1可同时驱动转子 3及转子 4。
因此， 通过上述的电动机， 可产生永磁式马达、 感应马达或磁阻马达、 复 合马达、 再生性煞车以及发电机等各种不同的操作模式， 以配合各种不同状况 的应用。
综上所述， 依据本发明的一种电动机通过改变至少两个不同类式转子 （永 磁式转子及非永磁式转子） 与定子的相对位置关系， 以使所述电动机具有多种 操作模式， 例如进入高速时， 可将非永磁式转子移动至旋转磁场， 以使得电动 机在高速下可具有低能耗的优点； 当要减速时， 再将永磁式转子移动至定子线 圈的感应范围内， 使电动机具有再生性煞车模式。 从而实现更有效率的驱动方 式， 避免能源的损耗。
以上所述仅是举例性， 而非限制性。 任何未脱离本发明的精神与范畴， 而 对其进行的等效修改或变更， 均应包括在权利要求所限定的范围内。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种电动机， 其特征在于， 包括：
至少一个定子， 绕有一定子线圈， 并产生一旋转磁场环绕一中心轴； 以及 至少两个转子， 相互连接， 受所述旋转磁场驱动以所述中心轴为中心旋转， 其中至少一个转子为永磁式转子， 至少另一个转子为非永磁式转子，
所述定子与所述转子沿着所述中心轴方向的相对位置可调整。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的电动机， 其特征在于， 所述转子设置在一转轴。
3、根据权利要求 2所述的电动机， 其特征在于，所述转轴为实心或中空式， 且以所述中心轴为中心旋转。
4、 根据权利要求 2所述的电动机， 其特征在于， 还包括：
另一个转轴， 所述另一个转轴呈中空状； 以及
一连接装置， 连接所述另一个转轴。
5、 根据权利要求 4所述的电动机， 其特征在于， 所述连接装置为齿轮、 皮 带或炼条。
6、 根据权利要求 4所述的电动机， 其特征在于， 当所述连接装置为一行星 式齿轮组， 所述连接装置包括：
至少两个齿轮组， 各含有至少一个行星齿轮、 一太阳齿轮及一行星载盘， 所述太阳齿轮与所述行星齿轮连接， 所述行星齿轮与所述行星载盘连接； 以及 一环形齿轮， 与所述行星齿轮连接。
7、 根据权利要求 1所述的电动机， 其特征在于， 所述非永磁式转子为鼠笼 式转子、 绕线式转子或磁阻式转子。
8、 根据权利要求 1所述的电动机， 其特征在于， 所述永磁式转子与所述定 子形成一发电机或一永磁式马达。
9、 根据权利要求 1所述的电动机， 其特征在于， 所述转子随着所述旋转磁 场作同歩或异歩旋转。
10、 根据权利要求 1所述的电动机， 其特征在于， 还包括：
一定位装置， 驱动所述转子或所述定子沿着所述中心轴平行的方向移动。
11、 根据权利要求 10所述的电动机， 其特征在于， 所述定位装置包括一马 达、 或一液压驱动器、 或一气压驱动器。
PCT/CN2011/081089 2011-10-21 2011-10-21 电动机 WO2013056458A1 (zh)

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