CN101651199B - 一种锂电池炭负极材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种锂电池炭负极材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN101651199B
CN101651199B CN2009100698949A CN200910069894A CN101651199B CN 101651199 B CN101651199 B CN 101651199B CN 2009100698949 A CN2009100698949 A CN 2009100698949A CN 200910069894 A CN200910069894 A CN 200910069894A CN 101651199 B CN101651199 B CN 101651199B
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臧文平
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Abstract

一种锂电池炭负极材料及其制备方法,其特征在于:内核原料采用平均粒径为1~15μm的太西无烟煤,包覆层原料采用煤焦油、煤沥青、石油沥青的混合物,按照内核原料与包覆层原料重量比1∶1~1∶10的比例进行固液混合后,经如下步骤制成核壳结构的锂电池炭负极材料:①在350~500℃的温度范围内,在0.01~10MPa压力条件下进行聚合反应,反应时间100~420分钟;②分离后进行干燥;③900~1200℃温度下进行炭化处理,在2700~3000℃温度下进行石墨化处理。

Description

一种锂电池炭负极材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种电池负极材料及其制备方法,特别是涉及一种锂离子电池炭负极材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
锂离子电池负极材料以炭材料为主,主要有人造石墨和天然石墨两种。人造石墨有中间相炭微球如CMS和MCMB,还有中间相炭纤维MCF和人造石墨粉。前两种人造石墨是被广泛采用的负极材料,具有颗粒形态好、不可逆容量损失低、循环寿命稳定的优点,但也存在生产成本高、放电容量低的不足。不规则形态人造石墨粉由于存在振实密度低、比表面积高的缺点不适合直接作为负极材料使用。天然石墨原料成本低,但是片状的天然石墨同样存在振实密度低、比表面积高的缺点,不适合直接作为负极材料使用。没有经过改性的天然石墨负极材料首次不可逆容量损失很高,一般会达到10%,在循环时由于发生溶剂共嵌入,造成容量衰减快等问题。经过圆整化和表面处理的天然石墨虽然电性能有明显改善,但仍有电容量衰减较快和生产成本较高的缺点。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是保持产品的各项性能指标达到市售天然石墨包覆材料的性能指标基础上,大幅度降低生产成本。
本发明提供一种以优质无烟煤为原料制备而成的锂离子电池负极材料,包括包覆层和内核,其特征在于:内核原料采用平均粒径D60为1~15μm的太西无烟煤,包覆层原料采用煤焦油、煤沥青、石油沥青的混合物,按照内核原料与包覆层原料1∶1~1∶10的比例进行固液混合后,经如下步骤制成核壳结构的锂电池炭负极材料:
1)在350~500℃的温度范围内,在0.01~10MPa压力条件下进行聚合反应,反应时间100~420分钟;
2)分离后进行干燥;
3)900~1200℃温度下进行炭化处理,在2700~3000℃温度下进行石墨化处理。
一种锂电池炭负极材料制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1、将太西无烟煤粉和包覆层原料按1∶1~1∶10的比例进行固液混合,其中包覆层原料包括煤焦油、煤沥青、石油沥青;
2、在350~500℃的温度范围内,在0.01~10MPa压力条件下进行聚合反应,反应时间100~420分钟;
3、分离后进行干燥;
4、900~1200℃温度下进行炭化处理,在2700~3000℃温度下进行石墨化处理。
其中步骤1中太西无烟煤粉末的平均粒径D60为1~15μm;
本发明得到的这种炭负极材料具有各向同性度好、比容量高、循环寿命长等优点,特别是具有较低的生产成本。
具体实施方式
采用Q/TEZI01-2001电化学容量测试标准对实施例1-10产品进行检测,其结果如下:
Figure GSB00000583378800032
Figure GSB00000583378800041
通过检测,实施例1-10的产品性能基本上达到了市售天然石墨包覆材料的指标,由于采用了优质无烟煤作为原料,较大降低了生产成本。

Claims (2)

1.一种锂电池炭负极材料,包括包覆层和内核,其特征在于:内核原料采用平均粒径D60为1~15μm的太西无烟煤,包覆层原料采用煤焦油、煤沥青、石油沥青的混合物,按照内核原料与包覆层原料1∶1~1∶10的比例进行固液混合后,经如下步骤制成核壳结构的锂电池炭负极材料:
1)在350~500℃的温度范围内,在0.01~10MPa压力条件下进行聚合反应,反应时间100~420分钟;
2)分离后进行干燥;
3)900~1200℃温度下进行炭化处理,在2700~3000℃温度下进行石墨化处理。
2.一种锂电池炭负极材料制备方法,所述锂电池炭负极材料,包括内核和包覆层:内核原料采用平均粒径D60为1~15μm的太西无烟煤,包覆层原料采用煤焦油、煤沥青、石油沥青的混合物,制备方法包括以下步骤:
1)将太西无烟煤粉和包覆层原料按1∶1~1∶10的比例进行固液混合;
2)在350~500℃的温度范围内,在0.01~10MPa压力条件下进行聚合反应,反应时间100~420分钟;
3)分离后进行干燥;
4)900~1200℃温度下进行炭化处理,在2700~3000℃温度下进行石墨化处理。
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CN102522561A (zh) * 2011-12-21 2012-06-27 清华大学 一种锂离子电池负极材料及其制备方法
CN103626147A (zh) * 2012-08-23 2014-03-12 上海杉杉科技有限公司 一种锂离子电池炭负极复合材料及其制备方法
CN108110364A (zh) * 2017-12-27 2018-06-01 东莞鑫茂新能源技术有限公司 一种锂电池负极材料回收利用方法
CN108682804B (zh) * 2018-04-25 2021-05-25 深圳市翔丰华科技股份有限公司 一种硬碳包覆软碳被用作锂离子电池负极材料的制备方法
CN110407202B (zh) * 2019-02-19 2023-06-30 湖北宝乾新能源材料有限公司 用于钠离子电池的石墨负极材料制备方法

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CN1547278A (zh) * 2003-12-12 2004-11-17 天津大学 锂离子二次电池的核壳型炭负极材料及其制备方法
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