CN101642132A - Cold-resistant seed soaking agent for direct sowing of rice as well as preparation method and applications thereof - Google Patents
Cold-resistant seed soaking agent for direct sowing of rice as well as preparation method and applications thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101642132A CN101642132A CN200910042200A CN200910042200A CN101642132A CN 101642132 A CN101642132 A CN 101642132A CN 200910042200 A CN200910042200 A CN 200910042200A CN 200910042200 A CN200910042200 A CN 200910042200A CN 101642132 A CN101642132 A CN 101642132A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cold-resistant seed soaking agent for direct sowing of rice as well as a preparation method and applications thereof, belonging to the technical field of direct sowing of rice. The seed soaking agent comprises a cold-resistant agent, a root inducting agent and a sterilizing agent, wherein the cold-resistant agent comprises praline, paclobutrazol and calcium salts. The preparation method of the seed soaking agent comprises the following steps: adding 100-150 ml of 50-100% (weight percent concentration) ethanol to each gram of root inducting agent to dissolve the root inducting agent so as to obtain a solution I; pulverizing other components, evenly mixing, and adding the mixture into water to obtain a solution II; adding the solution I into the solution II, and continuously stirring until full dissolution and even mixing so as to prepare the cold-resistant seed soaking agent. The invention also provides the applications of the cold-resistant seed soaking agentin mechanical direct sowing, manual direct sowing, drought direct sowing or water direct sowing of rice. The seed soaking agent enhances the low temperature resistance of direct sowing rice seedlings,solves the technical problem of the popularization of the direct sowing technology in drought seasons and low temperature regions of rice and enhances the stability of the output of the direct sowingrice.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the rice direct-seeding technical field, be specifically related to a kind of cold-resistant seed soaking agent that is used for rice direct-seeding and its production and application.
Background technology
The rice direct-seeding technology enjoys peasant's welcome because of the advantage with reduction labour intensity and saving production cost.According to incompletely statistics, the area of the present Direct-seeding Rice of China has surpassed 2,000,000 ha.Make the rule of technology with industrialization and marketing development according to external rice, taking live is one of the important directions of China's rice cropping from now on.Developed countries such as America and Europe and Australia are after the seventies in 20th century, and under the drive of industrialization and urbanization, live modes are almost all adopted in the paddy rice plantation.At present, China's direct seading rice area also increases year by year.Can predict, along with the raising of China's Rice Production large-scale degree and the variation of rural laborer's structure, one of live main planting type that will become China paddy rice.
The planting percent instability is the key factor of restriction direct seading rice high yield and stable yields.Except that the well-known bird pest and the plague of rats, damaging to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature is the one of the main reasons that causes direct seading rice to be short of seedling.China damages to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature and has a very wide distribution, the occurrence frequency height, wherein to Direct-seeding Rice harm maximum be the cold in the late spring in season early.Have data to show, the generation area of cold in the late spring has contained the overwhelming majority area of the paddy rice plantation of China, and occurrence frequency surpasses 40%.Especially in major production areas-area, the middle and lower reach of Yangtze River of China paddy rice (account for the national paddy rice gross area and gross yield 70%), the occurrence frequency of cold in the late spring (mid-March to late April temperature be lower than 12 ℃) for three days on end is up to 55%, and some areas can reach 10 years 8 chances (" Chinese agriculture pandect " the editor-in-chief committee).Because when cold in the late spring took place, the live early rice in most of areas was in and sprouts or the seeding stage.Unexpected low temperature causes the death of Direct-seeding Rice seedling (young shoot) large tracts of land.Since after do the restriction of the crops for rotation of late rice, live early rice can't avoid cold in the late spring by postponing sowing again.This also is that the live early rice of China is promoted major reason slowly.Therefore, improve Direct-seeding Rice to the resistance of short-term low temperature be promote the rice direct-seeding technology especially the early rice direct seeding technique at the key technique of China's large-area applications.
At the full stand problem of artificial broadcast paddy rice, (number of patent application: 200810024466.X) and (number of patent application: 93115927.X) developed the special-purpose coating agent for seed of direct seading rice respectively such as Zhang Hongxi such as Zhou Benxin.Above-mentioned Direct-seeding Rice coating agent for seed has effect preferably at aspects such as preventing and treating bird pest, the plague of rats and raising seedling quality, but above-mentioned coating agent for seed all fails to solve the problem of direct seading rice seeding stage low temperature harm.In addition, with respect to seed soaking agent, the coating agent for seed consumption is big, the cost height.Have not yet to see and to improve the seed soaking agent of Direct-seeding Rice the low-temperature resistance in seedling stage.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the difficulty of prior art, remedy the blank in present technique field, provide a kind of and can improve the direct seading rice seedling to the resistance of low temperature and direct seading rice yielding stability, the seed soaking agent that cost is low.
Another object of the present invention provides the preparation method of above-mentioned seed soaking agent.
A further object of the invention provides the application of above-mentioned seed soaking agent.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions above-mentioned purpose:
A kind of cold-resistant seed soaking agent that is used for rice direct-seeding contains anti-cryogen, root-growing agent and bactericide, and described anti-cryogen comprises proline, paclobutrazol and calcium salt.
Described anti-cryogen can also comprise uniconazole P or abscisic acid; Described calcium salt is a water-soluble Ca salt, is selected from calcium sulphate, nitrate of lime or the calcium chloride one or more.
The anti-cryogen that the present invention adopts comprises proline, paclobutrazol and calcium salt, can improve the anti-cold energy power of Direct-seeding Rice seedling self, improve the anti-cold effect of seed soaking agent of the present invention, wherein the preferred concentration of proline is 10～50mg/L, the preferred concentration of paclobutrazol is 20～150mg/L, and the preferred concentration of calcium ion is 15～100mg/L.
Described root-growing agent is selected from one or more in ABT4 root-inducing powder, heteroauxin, indolebutyric acid, methyl, methyl salt or the triacontanol; Preferred ABT4 root-inducing powder.
Described bactericide is metalaxyl and strong chlorine oil.
Also can add in the seed soaking agent of the present invention and drive the bird expelling mouse agent.
The described bird expelling mouse agent that drives is selected from carbofuran, carbosulfan, Benfuracard micro or bromine and kills in the spirit one or more; Also can add warning colouration simultaneously, preferred carmine.
The present invention adopts metalaxyl and strong chlorine oil (also claiming Prochloraz), can prevent and treat harm such as the damping off of Direct-seeding Rice under the cryogenic conditions and pythium rot, and wherein the concentration of strong chlorine oil is 1500～3000mg/L, and the concentration of metalaxyl is 500～1500mg/L.
The preferred ABT4 root-inducing powder of root-growing agent of the present invention can promote the growth of Direct-seeding Rice seedlings root, improves its water absorbing capacity, reaches the target of " strong root is anti-cold ", and its preferred concentration is 15～40mg/L.
The present invention also can add carbofuran, carbosulfan, Benfuracard micro or bromine and kill spirit etc. and drive warning colouration such as bird expelling mouse agent and famille rose, reach the target of control mouse, bird pest, wherein the preferred concentration of carbofuran is 50～300mg/L, and carmine preferred concentration is 50～1000mg/L.
The preparation method of seed soaking agent of the present invention is:
(1) earlier root-growing agent is dissolved with alcohol (being ethanol), every gram root-growing agent adds 100～150ml alcohol (weight percent concentration of described alcohol is 50%～100%), obtains solution I; Other components are pulverized and mixing, added in the entry, obtain solution II;
(2) solution I is joined in the solution II, constantly stir, make cold-resistant seed soaking agent of the present invention until abundant dissolving and mixing.
The application of seed soaking agent of the present invention is the seed-soaking that is applied to live, manual live, direct-sowing dry of paddy machinery and water direct seeding, and the weight of water with the ratio of the weight of seed to be soaked seed is in the seed soaking agent: water is heavy: seed heavily is about 2: 1.
The present invention be directed to that at low temperatures mashed bud of direct seading rice, mashed seedling and mashed kind have the physiological reason and contagiosity is former thereby design, the reason of the dead seedling of described physiological mainly comprises: (1) seedling (bud) self is low to the low temperature resistivity, causes the metabolism confusion; (2) low temperature suppresses the rice root growth, a little less than the seedling water absorbing capacity, after temperature is recovered, because transpiration causes the blade dehydration dead; The main cause of the dead seedling of described contagiosity is under cryogenic conditions, and continuous rotten bacterium and sickle spore bacterium etc. is infected paddy rice, brings out damping off and pythium rot; Therefore, the present invention simultaneously from improve Direct-seeding Rice seedling self to the resistivity of low temperature, reduce to damage to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature and bring out disease and improve three aspects of seedling water balance ability and start with, realize the resistance of Direct-seeding Rice to damaging to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature, reach the purpose of neat seedling and full stand under the low temperature.
Compared with prior art, the present invention also has following beneficial effect:
(1) compares with existing Direct-seeding Rice coating agent for seed, the most outstanding characteristics of the present invention are to have improved the resistance of direct seading rice seedling to low temperature, solved the technical barrier of direct seeding technique in paddy rice season morning and low temp area popularization, improved the stability of direct seading rice output, the wherein most important resistance of Direct-seeding Rice that can improve exactly to low temperature in seedling stage.
(2) compare with the Direct-seeding Rice coating agent for seed, seed soaking agent consumption of the present invention is few, and cost is low.
(3) owing to mechanical oscillation and friction, paddy rice seed coating agent comes off easily in the live process of machinery and lost efficacy, and seed soaking agent of the present invention is not only suitable manual live, and it is live also to be fit to machinery.
(4) compare with other rice seed soaking dosage, seed soaking agent of the present invention has the bird pest of control, the plague of rats simultaneously, improves the resistance of paddy rice to low temperature, and then improves the outstanding feature of direct seading rice planting percent and seedling quality.
Embodiment
Below further specify technical scheme of the present invention by specific embodiment.
Embodiment 1
Be used for the preparation of the cold-resistant seed soaking agent of rice direct-seeding:
Take by weighing metalaxyl 2g, strong chlorine oil 4g, ABT4 type root-inducing powder 50mg, proline 50mg, paclobutrazol 100mg, calcium sulphate 500mg, carbofuran 300mg, carmine 1g.
With 6ml alcohol (concentration about 50%) root-inducing powder is fully dissolved earlier, obtain solution I.
Again with metalaxyl, strong chlorine oil, proline, paclobutrazol, calcium sulphate, carbofuran, famille roses etc. mix and add (other vessel that also available inner surface is smooth replace) in the beaker, fully pulverize and mixing with glass bar (also can replace with other club), pour in the 2L clear water, and constantly stir, obtain solution II.
Solution I is added in the solution II, fully stir evenly and make substance dissolves, finally obtain the 2L seed soaking agent.
Embodiment 2
Be used for the preparation of the cold-resistant seed soaking agent of rice direct-seeding:
Take by weighing metalaxyl 1g, strong chlorine oil 3g, heteroauxin 30mg, proline 20mg, paclobutrazol 40mg, nitrate of lime 102mg, carbosulfan 100mg, carmine 100mg.
With 4ml alcohol (concentration about 75%) heteroauxin is fully dissolved earlier, obtain solution I.
Again with metalaxyl, strong chlorine oil, proline, paclobutrazol, nitrate of lime, carbosulfan, in the beaker of mixing such as famille rose and adding 100ml (other vessel that also available inner surface is smooth replace), fully pulverize and mixing, pour in the 2L clear water with glass bar (also can replace) with other club, and constantly stir, obtain solution II.
Solution I is added in the solution II, fully stir evenly and make substance dissolves, finally obtain the 2L seed soaking agent.
Embodiment 3
Be used for the preparation of the cold-resistant seed soaking agent of rice direct-seeding:
Take by weighing metalaxyl 3g, strong chlorine oil 6g, methyl 80mg, proline 100mg, paclobutrazol 300mg, calcium chloride 680mg, Benfuracard micro 600mg, carmine 2g.
With 12ml alcohol (concentration about 99%) methyl is fully dissolved earlier, obtain solution I.
Again with metalaxyl, strong chlorine oil, proline, paclobutrazol, calcium chloride, Benfuracard micro, famille roses etc. mix and add (other vessel that also available inner surface is smooth replace) in the beaker, fully pulverize and mixing with glass bar (also can replace with other club), pour in the 2L clear water, and constantly stir, obtain solution II.
Solution I is added in the solution II, fully stir evenly and make substance dissolves, finally obtain the 2L seed soaking agent.
Embodiment 4
Be used for the preparation of the cold-resistant seed soaking agent of rice direct-seeding:
Take by weighing metalaxyl 2g, strong chlorine oil 4g, ABT4 type root-inducing powder 50mg, proline 50mg, paclobutrazol 100mg, calcium sulphate 500mg.
With 6ml alcohol (concentration about 60%) the ABT4 root-inducing powder is fully dissolved earlier, obtain solution I.
Again with metalaxyl, strong chlorine oil, proline, paclobutrazol, calcium sulphate etc. mix and add (other vessel that also available inner surface is smooth replace) in the beaker, fully pulverize and mixing with glass bar (also can replace with other club), pour in the 2L clear water, and constantly stir, obtain solution II.
Solution I is added in the solution II, fully stir evenly and make substance dissolves, finally obtain the 2L seed soaking agent.
Embodiment 5
The application experiment of the cold-resistant seed soaking agent that embodiment 1 makes:
Tested year April in January, 2008 to 2009, carry out at the large-sized artificial climatic chamber of test center of Agricultural University Of South China.Experimental cultivar is Hunan Xian No. 24 (the conventional rice super hybridization rice that large tracts of land is promoted) and rice strains two excellent No. 2 (the hybrid rice super hybridization rice that large tracts of land is promoted) early.
Cold-resistant seed soaking agent seed soaking group (experimental group) and 2 experimental group of clear water seed soaking group (control group) are established in experiment, each experimental group repeats 3 seed soaking, seed with (weight of water or clear water is that water is heavy with the ratio of the weight of seed to be soaked seed in the seed soaking agent: seed heavily is about 2: 1) behind clear water and the seed soaking agent seed soaking 24h, is rinsed the surface of the seed well with running water respectively.The smart amount of simulation cave direct-seeding, seed evenly broadcast in the plastic basin that the thick field soil of 12cm is housed (65cm * 40cm * 25cm), 561 of every basin sowings.Under will earlier placing 25 ℃, rice paddy seed is cultured to 1 heart stage of 1 leaf.Temperature with climatic cabinate is reduced to 8 ℃ suddenly then, handles 5 days (simulation cold in the late spring).At last temperature is slowly risen to 25 ℃ and grow to 1 heart stage of 3 leaves until paddy rice.Wide, the root system surface area of sampling survey planting percent, the number of blade, overground part dry weight, plant height, stem foot, root system diameter and branch radical then.
Experimental result:
Because 1 heart stage of 1 leaf is the rice seedling period the most responsive to low temperature.Therefore the low temperature treatment time of experiment is arranged on 1 heart stage of 1 leaf.
Table 1 is the influence result of cold-resistant seed soaking agent seed soaking to the growth of Direct-seeding Rice overground part:
The seed soaking of table 1 cold-resistant seed soaking agent is to the influence of Direct-seeding Rice overground part growth
Annotate: different letter representation differences reach significance level (p＜0.05%) between same kind different disposal
As can be seen from Table 1, under same cryogenic conditions, the planting percent that cold-resistant seed soaking agent is handled is distinguished high by 41.66% (No. 24, the Zao Xian in Hunan) and 32.05% (strain two excellent No. 2) than clear water seed soaking (contrast).It should be noted that under 8 ℃ cryogenic conditions the planting percent of two tested variety seed soaking agent processing is all above 70%, near the planting percent of Direct-seeding Rice under the normal temperature.
Can also see that from table 1 after seed soaking agent was handled, paddy rice was significantly downgraded, unit height of seedling dry weight increases, and leaf age also significantly increases.Explanation is under same cryogenic conditions, and seed soaking agent is handled the quality of direct seading rice seedling is obviously improved.
Table 2 is cold-resistant seed soaking agent seed soaking results that influence to the growth of Direct-seeding Rice underground part:
As can be seen from Table 2, under same cryogenic conditions, after seed soaking agent was handled, the root system surface area of rice seedling and branch root number average are higher than the clear water seed soaking significantly to be handled.The growth of seed soaking agent processing can the promotion significantly rice root is described, improves its suction, fertilizer sucting ability.Root growth is vigorous to be one of seed soaking agent of the present invention major reason that can improve the anti-cold energy power of Direct-seeding Rice.In addition, powerful root system also has very important significance to from now on resistant to lodging of Direct-seeding Rice.
Claims (10)
1. a cold-resistant seed soaking agent that is used for rice direct-seeding is characterized in that containing anti-cryogen, root-growing agent and bactericide, and described anti-cryogen comprises proline, paclobutrazol and calcium salt.
2. seed soaking agent as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described calcium salt is one or more in calcium sulphate, nitrate of lime or the calcium chloride.
3. seed soaking agent as claimed in claim 2, the concentration that it is characterized in that described proline is 10～50mg/L, and the concentration of paclobutrazol is 20～150mg/L, and the concentration of calcium ion is 15～100mg/L.
4. seed soaking agent as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that also comprising uniconazole P or abscisic acid in the described anti-cryogen.
5. as claim 3 or 4 described seed soaking agents, it is characterized in that described root-growing agent is selected from one or more in ABT4 root-inducing powder, heteroauxin, indolebutyric acid, methyl, methyl salt or the triacontanol.
6. seed soaking agent as claimed in claim 5, the concentration that it is characterized in that described ABT4 root-inducing powder is 15～40mg/L.
7. as claim 3 or 4 described seed soaking agents, it is characterized in that described bactericide is metalaxyl and strong chlorine oil; The concentration of described metalaxyl is 500～1500mg/L; The concentration of described strong chlorine oil is 1500～3000mg/L.
8. as claim 3 or 4 described seed soaking agents, it is characterized in that also comprising and drive the bird expelling mouse agent.
9. the preparation method of described any seed soaking agent of claim 1-8 is characterized in that preparation process is:
(1) earlier every gram root-inducing powder is added the dissolve with ethanol of 100～150ml weight percent concentration 50～100%, obtain solution I; Other components are pulverized and mixing, added in the entry, obtain solution II;
(2) solution I is joined in the solution II, constantly stir, make cold-resistant seed soaking agent of the present invention until abundant dissolving and mixing.
10. the application in live at paddy machinery, manual live, direct-sowing dry of described any seed soaking agent of claim 1-8 or the water direct seeding, the weight that it is characterized in that water in the described seed soaking agent with the weight ratio of seed to be soaked seed is: water is heavy: seed heavily is 2: 1.
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