CN101631692B - 低炫目反射镜片和带有这种反射镜片的后视镜 - Google Patents

低炫目反射镜片和带有这种反射镜片的后视镜 Download PDF

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CN101631692B
CN101631692B CN2007800386221A CN200780038622A CN101631692B CN 101631692 B CN101631692 B CN 101631692B CN 2007800386221 A CN2007800386221 A CN 2007800386221A CN 200780038622 A CN200780038622 A CN 200780038622A CN 101631692 B CN101631692 B CN 101631692B
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reflecting optics
mirror
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base material
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J·辛格
W·朗
W·富卡勒克
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Mecaron GmbH & Co. KG
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Leybold Optics Dresden GmbH
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Abstract

本文提出一种低炫目反射镜片、一种带有这种反射镜片的后视镜和一种制造这样的反射镜片的方法，该反射镜片在白天和夜晚的减轻炫目作用之间提供适当的折中。通过由一个涂覆在透明基材(2)上的氧化铌(Nb2O5)层(2)、一个涂覆在氧化铌层上的氮化硅(Si3N4)配色层(6)和一个作为反射镜面的铬层(8)构成的复合层，一方面，在白天和夜晚获得充分减轻的炫目作用，而且反射镜片的蓝色效果在整个反射镜片表面上非常均匀。

Description

低炫目反射镜片和带有这种反射镜片的后视镜
技术领域
本发明涉及根据权利要求1的低炫目反射镜片、其制造方法以及根据权利要求14的汽车用低炫目后视镜。
背景技术
常见的银制反射镜面尽管涂有保护漆，但通常容易锈蚀，这导致视界受到不利的影响，最终导致反射镜完全失去作用。另外，不仅在夜晚应该减轻扰人的炫目作用，在白天也要这样做，就是说，力求在整个可见光波长范围内获得低炫目性。在明亮环境中或者说在日光下，人眼对555nm，就是说对黄绿色色调，具有最大光谱敏感性。在黑暗环境中或者说在夜里，人眼的最大光谱敏感性转向蓝色色调。因此，在蓝色光谱范围内有较高反射率的反射镜非常适用于白天和夜晚。也出于美观的原因，反射镜有时应具有蓝色色调。
这样的反射镜被欧洲专利授权公告号EP-B1099671公开。该已知的正面反射镜以铬作为反射镜面，因而很耐蚀。通过附加层Al2O3、ZrO2、SnO2和TiO2，扰人的眩目作用得以减轻。在短波可见光谱范围内(蓝色色调)，这种反射镜的反射率高于其在长波可见光谱范围内(红色色调)的反射率。这样一来，对于这种反射镜就存在蓝色色调。在这种已知的蓝色反射镜中，蓝色色调在整个反射镜面上的均匀一致性是有问题的。
为了做到减轻炫目，还众所周知地从光谱中除去了在夜间也干扰人眼的、主要是蓝色调的可见光波长，就是说，这种反射镜在蓝色波长范围内的反射率小于其在红色波长范围内的反射率。结果，反射镜看上去是红色的。此外，这种红色反射镜在标准光类型A有最高强度的波长范围内(红色范围内)反射很多光，因此这在白天也导致炫目作用。
发明内容
因此，本发明的任务是提出一种低炫目反射镜片和一种带有这种低炫目反射镜片的汽车用低炫目后视镜，其在白天和夜晚减轻炫目作用之间提供适当的折中。
通过权利要求1或权利要求14的特征，完成了该任务。
通过由涂覆在透明基材上的一个氧化铌层(Nb2O5)、涂覆在氧化铌层上的一个氮化硅配色层(Si3N4)和作为反射镜面的一个铬层所构成的复合层，一方面在白天和夜晚获得充分减轻的炫目作用，而且反射镜片的蓝色效果在整个反射镜片的表面上非常均匀一致。
反射镜片在整个可见光光谱范围内有降低的反射率，对700nm波长约为32％，对400nm波长约为65％。所追求的蓝色色调具有不会混淆的颜色显示。为此，第一次在使用氧化铌和氮化硅的情况下提供一种具有很均匀的颜色分布的背面蓝色反射镜，其因为基于铬而具有很好的耐蚀性。
根据权利要求4的本发明实施方案在力求达到白天和夜晚的减轻炫目作用之间的折中方面是有利的。
通过按照权利要求5至7的本发明的有利实施方案，非常好地获得了所期望的反射率和所期望的蓝色配色。
通过权利要求8的略微弯曲，该低炫目反射镜片尤其是适用于汽车的后视镜。
根据权利要求9，玻璃非常适用作反射镜片各层的基材或者载体，因为玻璃具有突出的光学性能和机械性能。不过，也可以采用透明塑料作为基材。
按照权利要求11的方法表示一个有利的、制造本发明反射镜片的可行方案。
其它从属权利要求涉及本发明的其它有利实施方案。
附图说明
从以下结合附图对优选实施方式的说明中，得到了本发明的其它细节、特征和优点。
图1是表示根据本发明的反射镜片的层系结构的示意剖面图。
图2是以波长函数形式表示本发明反射镜片的反射率的图解视图。
附图标记一览表
1-反射镜片；2-玻璃基材；4-由氧化铌构成的第一层；6-由氮化硅构成的第二层；8-由铬构成的第三层，反射镜面；10-保护漆；12-观察者；
具体实施方式
图1表示根据本发明的反射镜片1的一个实施例的层系结构。在由玻璃构成的基材或者载体2上，涂覆由氧化铌、确切说是由Nb2O5构成的第一层4。在氧化铌层4上，涂覆由氮化硅Si3N4构成的第二层6。最后，在氮化硅层6上涂覆由铬构成的第三层8，作为反射镜面。在反射镜面8上涂有保护漆10，用于保护由铬构成的反射镜面8不会机械损伤。对保持耐蚀性来说，保护漆10不是必需的。标记12表示反射镜片1的观察者。
氧化铌层4的厚度为38nm±10nm，氮化硅层6的厚度为49nm±20nm，由铬构成的反射镜面8的厚度为50nm±10nm。如此选择这些层4、6和8的厚度，对于用于汽车的条件，得到超过40％的理想反射率，同时，在白天和夜晚保证了足够的无炫目性。
层4、6和8的涂覆通过溅射来完成。为此采用雷博德光学公司的在线溅射设备。在这种设备中，基材2和用于各层的几个靶是竖直并排布置的。不同的靶按照位置固定的方式前后排列，而使基材沿靶直线运动。对于氧化铌层4，将采用由氧化铌构成的靶，对于由铬构成的反射镜面8，将采用由铬构成的靶。对于氮化硅层6，将采用由纯硅构成的靶。硅按照以下反应式在含氮气的局部气氛下进行反应：
3Si+2N2→Si3N4
生成了氮化硅，其随后沉积在氧化铌层4上。
图2是以波长函数的形式表示按照图1的反射镜片的反射率的图解视图。曲线A以入射至反射镜的光的波长(按nm)的函数形式表示反射镜的反射率(按％)。该光谱反射率在400nm和700nm之间的范围内在最高63％和最低48％之间变化。曲线B表示标准反射镜的光谱反射。

Claims (13)

1.一种低炫目反射镜片，包括：具有正面和背面的透明的基材(2)，所述正面构成所述反射镜片(1)的正面；一个涂覆在所述基材(2)的背面上且由氧化铌构成的第一层(4)；一个涂覆在所述第一层(4)上且由氮化硅构成的第二层(6)；一个涂覆在所述第二层(6)上且由铬构成的第三层(8)或者说反射镜面(8)，其中如此选择所述第一层(4)的厚度和所述第二层(6)的厚度，在短波可见光谱范围内的所述反射镜片(1)的反射率大于在长波可见光谱范围内的反射率；由氧化铌构成的所述第一层(4)的厚度为38nm±10nm，由氮化硅构成的所述第二层(6)的厚度为49nm±20nm。
2.根据权利要求1所述的低炫目反射镜片，其特征是，所述的第一层(4)、第二层(6)和第三层(8)是溅射层。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的低炫目反射镜片，其特征是，如此选择所述的第一层(4)、第二层(6)和第三层(8)的层厚，所述反射镜片(1)的整体反射率在43％至53％的范围内，由铬构成的所述第三层(8)的厚度为50nm±10nm。
4.根据权利要求3所述的低炫目反射镜片，其特征是，所述反射镜片(1)的整体反射率在48％至52％的范围内。
5.根据权利要求4所述的低炫目反射镜片，其特征是，所述反射镜片(1)的整体反射率在49％至51％的范围内。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的低炫目反射镜片，其特征是，所述基材(2)略微弯曲。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的低炫目反射镜片，其特征是，所述基材(2)由玻璃构成。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的低炫目反射镜片，其特征是，在由铬构成的所述反射镜面(8)上涂有一个由保护漆(10)构成的第四层。
9.根据权利要求1所述的低炫目反射镜片，其特征是，该低炫目反射镜片用于汽车后视镜。
10.一种制造根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的反射镜片的方法，包括以下步骤：
-在线溅射设备中准备好基材(2)；
-由氧化铌靶将由氧化铌构成的第一层(4)溅射至所述基材(2)的背面 上；
-在氮加入的情况下由硅靶将由氮化硅构成的第二层(6)溅射至所述第一层(4)上；
-由铬靶将由铬构成的反射镜面(8)溅射至所述第二层(6)上。
11.根据权利要求10所述的方法，其特征是，包括将由保护漆(10)构成的第四层涂覆至所述反射镜面(8)上。
12.根据权利要求10或11所述的方法，其特征是，使所述基材(2)经过固定不动的靶。
13.一种汽车用低炫目后视镜，包括根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的反射镜片(1)。 
CN2007800386221A 2006-10-17 2007-10-16 低炫目反射镜片和带有这种反射镜片的后视镜 Expired - Fee Related CN101631692B (zh)

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