CN101628830A - Method for reducing nitrogen loss during composting process - Google Patents
Method for reducing nitrogen loss during composting process Download PDFInfo
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- CN101628830A CN101628830A CN200910091091A CN200910091091A CN101628830A CN 101628830 A CN101628830 A CN 101628830A CN 200910091091 A CN200910091091 A CN 200910091091A CN 200910091091 A CN200910091091 A CN 200910091091A CN 101628830 A CN101628830 A CN 101628830A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for reducing nitrogen loss during the composting process, which belongs to the field of aerobic composting of solid organic wastes. The method comprises the following steps: initially mixing livestock and poultry feces and accessories as raw materials for composting; adding sulfur powder and ferrous sulfate as mixed stacking materials, and using a stirring machine for evenly stirring the mixed stacking materials; spraying thiobacillus thioparus bacterial liquid during the stirring process of the mixed stacking materials; and carrying out composting and fermentation treatment when water content of the mixed stacking materials is controlled between 50% and 55%. The method reduces the nitrogen loss during the high-temperature composting process of the livestock and poultry feces, reduces odor generated by volatilization of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide, increases content of available nutrients of a composting finished product, further obtains an organic-inorganic compound fertilizer containing an ammonium ferrous sulfate complex salt, improves the quality of agricultural composting and is conductive to absorption of crops.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to solid organic castoff aerobic compost process field, reduce the method for nitrogen loss in particularly a kind of composting process.
Background technology
The phenomenon of ubiquity nitrogen loss in the During High-Temperature Composting process, the loss of nearly all nitrogen all is to cause ammonia to discharge because organic nitrogen compound decomposes in composting process, because ammonia is lighter-than-air gas, therefore can overflow from the heap body.Nitrogen loss in the composting process mainly is subjected to influencing jointly of composition, material C/N ratio, pH value, ventilation/temperature, humidity and compost additive of compost material etc.Compare with other solid organic castoffs, the fecaluria of livestock and poultry contains more nitrogen nutrient, in composting process a large amount of nitrogens loss can take place.Usually in the High Temperature Composting of Livestock Manure process, nitrogen loss can reach 16%～76%.How keeping nitrogen as much as possible in compost is to obtain a very important target of high quality composting production, and high nitrogen content means the increase that compost is worth, and also can reduce the volatilization of ammonia simultaneously.
And the temperature rise period of composting process and hot stage are the main period of nitrogen loss, and the minimizing control of being carried out nitrogen two stages becomes critical problem, in the prior art nitrogen loss minimizing method in the During High-Temperature Composting process is mainly contained 2 big classes:
1, changes the composting process condition, as ensure an amount of ventilation, suitable humidity, temperature control etc.
2, in composting process, add additive: mainly contain 4 big classes: 1. microbial preparation; 2. rich carbonaceous material is as crop material, peat etc.; 3. sorbent material is strong as absorption properties such as zeolite, clay, coir fibres; 4. phosphate fertilizer and metal salt compound are as calcium superphosphate, CaCl
2, CaSO
4, MgCl
2, MgSO
4, MnSO
4, CuSO
4, Al
2(SO
4)
3Deng.
The contriver finds that there is certain limitation in the scheme that prior art provides in realizing process of the present invention, for example, the improvement of composting process condition needs more equipment and input, and cost is higher; Add microbial preparation and need cultivate special microbial population and special working conditions, be not easy to realize very much, can not satisfy the multiple needs in the real life, the loss that for this reason reduces nitrogen in the High Temperature Composting of Livestock Manure process needs more method.
Summary of the invention
In order to reduce the loss of nitrogen in the High Temperature Composting of Livestock Manure process, reduce the stink that the volatilization of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide causes, increase the available nutrient content of compost finished product, the present invention proposes the method that reduces nitrogen loss in a kind of composting process, and obtained a kind of compound organic and inorganic fertilizer that contains ferrous ammonium sulphate double salt, described technical scheme is as follows:
Reduce the method for nitrogen loss in a kind of composting process, it is characterized in that described method comprises:
Feces of livestock and poultry and auxiliary material are tentatively mixed, as composting material;
Add SULPHUR POWDER and ferrous sulfate according to described composting material weight,, stir evenly described mixing windrow with stirrer as mixing windrow;
Spray grate sulfur thiobacillus bacterium liquid in described mixing windrow whipping process;
When the water ratio with described mixing windrow is controlled at 50%～55%, carries out compost fermentation and handle.
Described according to described composting material weight interpolation SULPHUR POWDER and ferrous sulfate, specifically comprise:
Add 0.25%～0.50% SULPHUR POWDER of described composting material weight, described SULPHUR POWDER adopts 100 orders or the above industrial sulphur powder of 100 orders;
Add 0.3%～0.6% ferrous sulfate of described composting material weight, described ferrous sulfate is industrial green vitriol.
Described in described mixing windrow whipping process spray grate sulfur thiobacillus bacterium liquid, specifically comprise: 0.3%～0.5% the described grate sulfur thiobacillus bacterium liquid that sprays described composting material weight.
Described auxiliary material specifically comprises: agricultural crop straw powder, mushroom residue, rice bran etc.
The described spray in described mixing windrow whipping process before the grate sulfur thiobacillus bacterium liquid also comprises:
Grate sulfur thiobacillus on the slant medium is seeded in the seed culture medium, carries out shake-flask culture;
In the automatic fermenter of 10L, pack into the described grate sulfur thiobacillus fermention medium of 5L;
Cultivate and obtained described grate sulfur thiobacillus bacterium liquid in 4～5 days.
Described grate sulfur thiobacillus fermention medium specifically comprises:
Na
2HPO
42.0～3.5g/L, KH
2PO
41.8g/L, MgSO
47H
2O 0.1～0.5g/L, (NH
4)
2SO
40.2～0.5g/L, CaCl
20.05～0.1g/L, MnSO
40.02～0.04g/L, FeCl
30.02～0.05g/L, Na
2S
2O
35H
2O 10.0～15.0g/L, S5.0～10.0g/L; 28～32 ℃ of culture temperature, stirring velocity 450～550r/min, air flow 1.1～1.3vvm, culture cycle 4～5 days.
Described method also obtains a kind of compound organic and inorganic fertilizer that contains ferrous ammonium sulphate double salt.
The beneficial effect of the technical scheme that the embodiment of the invention provides is:
In the During High-Temperature Composting process,, the water ratio that mixes windrow is controlled within the specific limits, carried out compost fermentation and handle by in composting material, adding a certain proportion of grate sulfur thiobacillus bacterium liquid, SULPHUR POWDER, ferrous sulfate.Wherein, a certain proportion of grate sulfur thiobacillus bacterium liquid, SULPHUR POWDER, ferrous sulfate and the composting material of adding have produced certain chemical reaction.Pass through aforesaid method, reduced nitrogen in the High Temperature Composting of Livestock Manure process loss, reduced stink that the volatilization of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide produces, increased the available nutrient content of compost finished product and obtained a kind of compound organic and inorganic fertilizer that contains ferrous ammonium sulphate double salt, improved agricultural compost quality, helped the absorptions of farm crop.
Description of drawings
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the embodiment of the invention or technical scheme of the prior art, to do to introduce simply to the accompanying drawing of required use in embodiment or the description of the Prior Art below, apparently, accompanying drawing in describing below only is some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skills, under the prerequisite of not paying creative work, can also obtain other accompanying drawing according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the schema that the method for nitrogen loss is provided in a kind of composting process of providing of the embodiment of the invention 1;
Fig. 2 is another schema that the method for nitrogen loss is provided in a kind of composting process of providing of the embodiment of the invention 2;
Fig. 3 is another schema that the method for nitrogen loss is provided in a kind of composting process of providing of the embodiment of the invention 3;
Fig. 4 is another schema that the method for nitrogen loss is provided in a kind of composting process of providing of the embodiment of the invention 4;
Fig. 5 is another schema that the method for nitrogen loss is provided in a kind of composting process of providing of the embodiment of the invention 5.
Embodiment
For making the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, embodiment of the present invention is described further in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Embodiment 1
Referring to Fig. 1, the embodiment of the invention provides the method that reduces nitrogen loss in a kind of composting process, and concrete steps see for details as follows:
Step 101: feces of livestock and poultry and other auxiliary materials are tentatively mixed, as composting material.
Step 102: the weight according to composting material is added SULPHUR POWDER and ferrous sulfate, as mixing windrow, stirs evenly the mixing windrow with stirrer.
Wherein, add 0.25%～0.50% SULPHUR POWDER of composting material weight, SULPHUR POWDER adopts 100 orders or the above industrial sulphur powder of 100 orders;
Wherein, add 0.3%～0.6% ferrous sulfate of composting material weight, ferrous sulfate is industrial green vitriol.
Step 103: spray grate sulfur thiobacillus bacterium liquid in mixing the windrow whipping process.
Wherein, 0.3%～0.5% of spray composting material weight grate sulfur thiobacillus bacterium liquid.
Wherein, present embodiment has also been introduced a kind of preparation method of grate sulfur thiobacillus bacterium liquid, and concrete preparation process sees for details as follows:
Grate sulfur thiobacillus is seeded to the seed culture medium from slant medium, carries out shake-flask culture.
Wherein, the volume of bottle is 500ml, the nutrient solution 200ml that in bottle, packs into, and culture temperature is 30 ℃, and shaking speed is 200r/min, and incubation time is 3 days.
Wherein, the composition of seed culture medium is: Na
2S
2O
35H
2O 5.0g/L, NH
4C1 0.1g/L, Na
2HPO
40.2g/L, NaHCO
31.0g/L, MgCl
20.1g/L.
In the automatic fermenter of 10L, pack into the grate sulfur thiobacillus fermention medium of 5L.
Wherein, inoculation grate sulfur thiobacillus seed culture fluid 200ml, culture temperature is 30 ℃, and stirring velocity is 500r/min, and air flow is 1.2vvm, and fermentation time is 4 days.
Wherein, the composition of fermention medium is: Na
2HPO
43.2g/L, KH
2PO
41.8g/L, MgSO
47H
2O0.3g/L, (NH
4)
2SO
40.25g/L, CaCl
20.08g/L, MnSO
40.02g/L, FeCl
30.02g/L, Na
2S
2O
35H
2O 15.0g/L, S5.0g/L.
Wherein, the used grate sulfur thiobacillus (Thiobacillus thioparus) of present embodiment is available from Chinese agriculture microbial strains preservation center, and culture presevation is numbered 10288.Wherein, bacterial classification is transferred to beef-protein medium and preserves, and the composition of substratum: extractum carnis 3.0g/L, peptone 5.0g/L, agar 18.0g/L, distilled water 1.0L, pH value are 7.0～7.2, with 121 ℃ of high pressure steam sterilization 15min.
Step 104: when the water ratio that mixes windrow is controlled at 50%～55%, carries out compost fermentation and handle.
By in composting process, adding a certain proportion of grate sulfur thiobacillus bacterium liquid, SULPHUR POWDER, ferrous sulfate, the water ratio that mixes windrow is controlled within the specific limits, carry out compost fermentation and handle,, reduced the loss of nitrogen in the High Temperature Composting of Livestock Manure process by aforesaid method.
Embodiment 2
Referring to Fig. 2, the embodiment of the invention provides the method that reduces nitrogen loss in a kind of composting process, wherein, specifically to adopt chicken manure be that example, auxiliary material adopt mushroom residue and rice bran as the composting material to feces of livestock and poultry in the present embodiment, describe, and utilized the box compost reactor of VTD-100 to carry out composting test by the exploitation of resource and environment institute of China Agricultural University, the specific implementation method is as follows:
Step 201: with water ratio is that 74% chicken manure 170kg, water ratio are that 11% mushroom residue 80kg, water ratio are 8% rice bran 20kg, mixes, and as mixing windrow, stirs evenly with stirrer.
Wherein, the water ratio that mixes windrow is about 50%, and the mixing windrow that stirs is divided into 2 parts, and promptly every part is 135kg.
Step 202: get the mixing windrow that a copy of it stirs, 675g SULPHUR POWDER and 1.48kg green vitriol (wherein, containing the 810g ferrous sulfate in the green vitriol) are added wherein, stir, spray 675ml grate sulfur thiobacillus bacterium liquid when stirring with stirrer.
Wherein, behind the spray, in the box compost reactor of the VTD-100 that packs into, every case dress windrow 45kg adorns 3 casees altogether.
Wherein, for the beneficial effect of verifying that present method is obtained, the mixing windrow that another part stirred compares test, and concrete grammar sees following step for details.
Step 203: get another part wherein, add the substratum 675ml through sterilization, mix, in the box compost reactor of the VTD-100 that packs into then, every case dress windrow 45kg adorns 3 casees (comparing) altogether.
Step 204: the box compost reactor of VTD-100 that amounts to 6 casees in step 202 and the step 203 is all carried out compost by identical reaction conditions.
Wherein, ventilation is 30L/min, and ventilation frequency is every interval 1h ventilation 6min; Every 48h stirs 6min, and wherein, mixing speed is 6.4r/min, carries out 28 days compost, and the result is referring to table 1.
Table 1 chicken manure aerobic compost sampling inspection results after 28 days
| Treatment process | Ammonium nitrogen content (mg/kg) | Nitrate nitrogen content (mg/kg) | Lixiviate attitude sulphur content (g/kg) | Total nitrogen content (%) |
| The method of present embodiment | ??1156.2 | ??14.5 | ??11.7 | ??2.33 |
| Common compost method | ??46.5 | ??13.8 | ??2.6 | ??1.76 |
From table 1, can draw, the method of using present embodiment can effectively reduce the ammonia loss by volatilization of chicken manure aerobic compost, improve the content of compost finished product ammonium nitrogen, the content of lixiviate attitude sulphur and the content of full nitrogen, by calculating, can draw and utilize that ammonium nitrogen content is about 23.8 times than ammonium nitrogen content increase in the common compost method in its compost of method that present embodiment provides, and total nitrogen content improves than total nitrogen content in the common compost method and is about 32.4% in its compost of method of providing of present embodiment.
Embodiment 3
Referring to Fig. 3, the embodiment of the invention provides the method that reduces nitrogen loss in a kind of composting process, wherein, specifically to adopt pig manure be that example, auxiliary material adopt rice bar powder as the composting material to feces of livestock and poultry in the present embodiment, describe, and utilized the box compost reactor of VTD-100 to carry out composting test by the exploitation of resource and environment institute of China Agricultural University, the specific implementation method is as follows:
Step 301: with water ratio is that 78% pig manure 160kg and water ratio are that 15% rice straw powder (wherein, is crushed to 1～2cm) 110kg with the rice bar, mixes, as mixing windrow, stir evenly with stirrer.
Wherein, the water ratio that mixes windrow is about 52%, and the mixing windrow that stirs is divided into 2 parts, and promptly every part is 135kg.
Step 302: get the mixing windrow that a copy of it stirs, 550g SULPHUR POWDER and 1.10kg green vitriol (wherein, containing the 600g ferrous sulfate in the green vitriol) are added wherein, stir with stirrer, spray 550ml grate sulfur thiobacillus bacterium liquid mixes when stirring.
Wherein, after mixing, with the box compost reactor of its VTD-100 that packs into, every case dress windrow 45kg adorns 3 casees altogether.
Wherein, for the beneficial effect of verifying that present method is obtained, the mixing windrow that another part stirred compares test, and concrete grammar sees following step for details.
Step 303: get another part wherein, add substratum 550ml, mix through sterilization, the box compost reactor of the VTD-100 that packs into then, every case dress windrow 45kg adorns 3 casees (comparing) altogether.
Step 304: the box compost reactor of VTD-100 that amounts to 6 casees in step 302 and the step 303 is all carried out compost by identical reaction conditions.
Wherein, ventilation is 30L/min, and ventilation frequency is every interval 1h ventilation 6min; Every 48h stirs 6min, and mixing speed is 6.4r/min, carries out 30 days compost, and the result is referring to table 2.
Table 2 pig manure aerobic compost sampling inspection results after 28 days
| Treatment process | Ammonium nitrogen content (mg/kg) | Nitrate nitrogen content (mg/kg) | Lixiviate attitude sulphur content (g/kg) | Total nitrogen content (%) |
| Present embodiment | ??946.2 | ??10.2 | ??2.8 | ??2.12 |
| Method | ||||
| Common compost | ??37.5 | ??11.5 | ??10.4 | ??1.70 |
As can be drawn from Table 2, the method of using present embodiment can effectively reduce the ammonia loss by volatilization of pig manure rice straw aerobic compost, improve compost finished product ammonium nitrogen, lixiviate attitude sulphur and total nitrogen content, by calculating, can draw and utilize that ammonium nitrogen content is about 24 times than ammonium nitrogen content increase in the common compost method in its compost of method that present embodiment provides, and total nitrogen content improves than total nitrogen content in the common compost method and is about 24.7% in its compost of method of providing of present embodiment.
Embodiment 4
Referring to Fig. 4, the embodiment of the invention provides the method that reduces nitrogen loss in a kind of composting process, wherein, specifically to adopt the cow excrement be that example, auxiliary material adopt mushroom residue and rice bran as the composting material to feces of livestock and poultry in the present embodiment, describe, and utilized the box compost reactor of VTD-100 to carry out composting test by the exploitation of resource and environment institute of China Agricultural University, the specific implementation method is as follows:
Step 401: with water ratio is that 78% pig manure 170kg, water ratio are that 15% mushroom residue 80kg, water ratio are that 8% rice bran 20kg mixes, and as mixing windrow, stirs with stirrer.
Wherein, the water ratio that mixes windrow is about 54%, and the mixing windrow that stirs is divided into 2 parts, and promptly every part is 135kg.
Step 402: get the mixing windrow that a copy of it stirs, 350g SULPHUR POWDER and 0.73kg green vitriol (wherein, containing the 400g ferrous sulfate in the green vitriol) are added wherein, stir, spray 350ml grate sulfur thiobacillus bacterium liquid when stirring with stirrer.
Wherein, behind the adding grate sulfur thiobacillus bacterium liquid, the box compost reactor of the VTD-100 that packs into, every case dress windrow 45kg adorns 3 casees altogether.
Wherein, for the beneficial effect of verifying that present method is obtained, the mixing windrow that another part stirred compares test, and concrete grammar sees following step for details.
Step 403: get another part wherein, add substratum 350ml, mix through sterilization, the box compost reactor of the VTD-100 that packs into then, every case dress windrow 45kg adorns 3 casees (comparing) altogether.
Step 404: the box compost reactor of VTD-100 that amounts to 6 casees in step 402 and the step 403 is all carried out compost by identical reaction conditions.
Wherein, ventilation is 30L/min, and ventilation frequency is every interval 1h ventilation 6min; Every 48h stirs 6min, and mixing speed is 6.4r/min, carries out 30 days compost, and the result is referring to table 3.
Table 3 cow dung aerobic compost sampling inspection results after 28 days
| Treatment process | Ammonium nitrogen content (mg/kg) | Nitrate nitrogen content (mg/kg) | Lixiviate attitude sulphur content (g/kg) | Total nitrogen content (%) |
| The method of present embodiment | ??827.3 | ??13.5 | ??2.6 | ??2.04 |
| Common compost | ??43.6 | ??31.2 | ??7.5 | ??1.68 |
As can be drawn from Table 3, the method of using present embodiment can effectively reduce the ammonia loss by volatilization of cow dung mushroom residue aerobic compost, improve compost finished product ammonium nitrogen, lixiviate attitude sulphur and total nitrogen content, by calculating, can draw and utilize that ammonium nitrogen content is about 18 times than ammonium nitrogen content increase in the common compost method in its compost of method that present embodiment provides, and total nitrogen content improves than total nitrogen content in the common compost method and is about 21.4% in its compost of method of providing of present embodiment.
Embodiment 5
Referring to Fig. 5, the embodiment of the invention provides the method that reduces nitrogen loss in a kind of composting process, wherein, specifically to adopt chicken manure, cow excrement be that example, auxiliary material adopt mushroom residue and rice bran as the composting material to feces of livestock and poultry in the present embodiment, describe, mainly comprise the preparation of grate sulfur thiobacillus bacterium liquid and concrete processing condition, as follows:
Step 501: grate sulfur thiobacillus is seeded to the seed culture medium from slant medium, carries out shake-flask culture.
Wherein, the bottled nutrient solution 200ml of the triangle of 500ml, under 30 ℃ temperature condition, shaking speed 200r/min cultivated 3 days.
Wherein, the seed culture based component is: Na
2S
2O
35H
2O 5.0g/L, NH
4Cl 0.1g/L, Na
2HPO
40.2g/L, NaHCO
31.0g/L, MgCl
20.1g/L.
Step 502: at pack into the grate sulfur thiobacillus fermention medium of 5L of the automatic fermenter of 10L, inoculation grate sulfur thiobacillus seed culture fluid 200ml.
Wherein, 30 ℃ of culture temperature, stirring velocity 500r/min, air flow are 1.2vvm, fermentation time 4 days obtains grate sulfur thiobacillus bacterium liquid, and is standby.
Wherein, the composition of fermention medium is: Na
2HPO
43.2g/L, KH
2PO
41.8g/L, MgSO
47H
2O0.3g/L, (NH
4)
2SO
40.25g/L, CaCl
20.08g/L, MnSO
40.02g/L, FeCl
30.02g/L, Na
2S
2O
35H
2O 15.0g/L, S 5.0g/L.
Step 503: at pack into the grate sulfur thiobacillus fermention medium of 100L of the automatic fermenter (VTF-300L) of 300L.
Wherein, the composition of fermention medium is: Na
2HPO
43.2g/L, KH
2PO
41.8g/L, MgSO
47H
2O0.3g/L, (NH
4)
2SO
40.25g/L, CaCl
20.08g/L, MnSO
40.02g/L, FeCl
30.02g/L, Na
2S
2O
35H
2O 10.0g/L, S10.0g/L.Inoculation grate sulfur thiobacillus nutrient solution 5.0L, 30 ℃ of culture temperature, stirring velocity 150r/min, air flow are 1.2vvm, fermentation time 5 days obtains grate sulfur thiobacillus bacterium liquid, and is standby.
Wherein, step 503 is that the industrialization expansion of microbiobacterial agent is numerous, can obtain a large amount of microbial inoculum products.In actual applications, when a large amount of microbial inoculum of needs, need expand numerously step by step, present embodiment does not limit this.
Step 504: with water ratio is that 75% chicken manure 6000kg, water ratio are that 21% dry cow dung 1000kg, water ratio are that 25% mushroom residue 2000kg and water ratio are that 10% rice bran 1000kg mixes, as mixing windrow, stir with stirrer.
Wherein, the water ratio that mixes windrow is about 51%, and the mixing windrow that stirs is divided into 2 parts, and promptly every part is 5000kg.
Step 505: get the mixing windrow that a copy of it stirs, 25kg SULPHUR POWDER and 55kg green vitriol (wherein, the ferrous 30kg of sulfur acid in the green vitriol) are added wherein, stir, spray 25kg grate sulfur thiobacillus bacterium liquid when stirring with stirrer.
Wherein, adopt bar to stamp composting mode and carry out compost, windrow is piled trapezoidal strip, pile high 0.6m, wide 1.2m, long 15.0m.
Step 506: get another part wherein, spray 25kg tap water mixes, and adopts bar to stamp composting mode and carries out conventional compost.
Wherein, windrow is piled trapezoidal strip, pile high 0.6m, wide 1.2m, long 15.0m (comparing) with step 505.
Step 507: with the windrow in the step 505 and the windrow in the step 506 pile good after, all cover the north material of black film, remove the north material of black removal film after 10 days.
Wherein, compost carried out 30 days altogether, carried out the turning oxygen supply with stack turner during compost, and preceding 10 days every turning in 2 days once, and every turning in 4 days once the result was referring to table 4 in back 20 days.
Sampling inspection results behind the table 428 day
| Treatment process | Ammonium nitrogen content (mg/kg) | Total nitrogen content (%) |
| The method of present embodiment | ??986.2 | ??2.28 |
| Common compost | ??26.5 | ??1.76 |
From table 4, can draw, the method of using present embodiment can effectively reduce the ammonia loss by volatilization of animal dung During High-Temperature Composting, improve compost finished product ammonium nitrogen and total nitrogen content, improve the nutrient content of compost, can draw as calculated and utilize that ammonium nitrogen content is about 36 times than ammonium nitrogen content increase in the common compost method in its compost of method that present embodiment provides, and total nitrogen content improves than total nitrogen content in the common compost method and is about 29.5% in its compost of method of providing of present embodiment.
Wherein, the embodiment of the invention is used for the High Temperature Composting of Livestock Manure process with grate sulfur thiobacillus and elemental sulfur, the H that grate sulfur thiobacillus not only can produce composting process
2S is oxidized to elemental sulfur, also can further elemental sulfur be oxidized to vitriol (SO
4 2-), with the NH of solid windrow fermentation generation
4 +Generate (NH
4)
2SO
4, (NH
4)
2SO
4With FeSO
4Reaction generates stable ferrous ammonium sulphate double salt:
(NH
4)
2SO
4+FeSO
4+6H
2O＝(NH
4)
2SO
4·FeSO
4·6H
2O
The ferrous ammonium sulphate double salt that the compost system produces mixes the generation compound organic and inorganic fertilizer naturally with the compost organism, and the compost finished product contains more NH
4 +And SO
4 2-, help the particularly growth of fruit and vegetables of crop.
In sum, the method that the embodiment of the invention provided is by adding a certain proportion of grate sulfur thiobacillus bacterium liquid, SULPHUR POWDER, ferrous sulfate, the water ratio that mixes windrow is controlled within the specific limits, carrying out compost fermentation handles, not only reduce the ammonia of High Temperature Composting of Livestock Manure process generation and the stink that the hydrogen sulfide volatilization causes, and reduced the loss of nitrogen in the composting process, increased the available nutrient content of compost finished product; A kind of compound organic and inorganic fertilizer that contains ferrous ammonium sulphate double salt of the final acquisition of the compost method that provides of the present invention has improved agricultural compost quality, helps the absorption of farm crop.
The above only is preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is in order to restriction the present invention, within the spirit and principles in the present invention not all, any modification of being done, is equal to replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1, reduce the method for nitrogen loss in a kind of composting process, it is characterized in that described method comprises:
Feces of livestock and poultry and auxiliary material are tentatively mixed, as composting material;
Add SULPHUR POWDER and ferrous sulfate according to described composting material weight,, stir evenly described mixing windrow with stirrer as mixing windrow;
Spray grate sulfur thiobacillus bacterium liquid in described mixing windrow whipping process;
When the water ratio with described mixing windrow is controlled at 50%～55%, carries out compost fermentation and handle.
2, the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, and is described according to described composting material weight interpolation SULPHUR POWDER and ferrous sulfate, specifically comprises:
Add 0.25%～0.50% SULPHUR POWDER of described composting material weight, described SULPHUR POWDER adopts 100 orders or the above industrial sulphur powder of 100 orders;
Add 0.3%～0.6% ferrous sulfate of described composting material weight, described ferrous sulfate is industrial green vitriol.
3, the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, described in described mixing windrow whipping process spray grate sulfur thiobacillus bacterium liquid, specifically comprise: 0.3%～0.5% the described grate sulfur thiobacillus bacterium liquid that sprays described composting material weight.
4, the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, described auxiliary material specifically comprises: agricultural crop straw powder, mushroom residue, rice bran etc.
5, the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, the described spray in described mixing windrow whipping process before the grate sulfur thiobacillus bacterium liquid also comprises:
Grate sulfur thiobacillus on the slant medium is seeded in the seed culture medium, carries out shake-flask culture;
In the automatic fermenter of 10L, pack into the described grate sulfur thiobacillus fermention medium of 5L;
Cultivate and obtained described grate sulfur thiobacillus bacterium liquid in 4～5 days.
6, method as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that, described grate sulfur thiobacillus fermention medium specifically comprises:
Na
2HPO
42.0～3.5g/L, KH
2PO
41.8g/L, MgSO
47H
2O 0.1～0.5g/L, (NH
4)
2SO
40.2～0.5g/L, CaCl
20.05～0.1g/L, MnSO
40.02～0.04g/L, FeCl
30.02～0.05g/L, Na
2S
2O
35H
2O 10.0～15.0g/L, S 5.0～10.0g/L; 28～32 ℃ of culture temperature, stirring velocity 450～550r/min, air flow 1.1～1.3vvm, culture cycle 4～5 days.
7, the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, described method also obtains a kind of compound organic and inorganic fertilizer that contains ferrous ammonium sulphate double salt.
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| CN102030587A (en) * | 2010-10-19 | 2011-04-27 | 中国农业大学 | Method and fixative for controlling nitrogen loss in composting process |
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