CN103204615B - Fermentation process of culturing excrement - Google Patents
Fermentation process of culturing excrement Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种养殖粪便的发酵工艺,包括以下几个步骤:先对养殖粪便进行高温加热处理,使养殖粪便中的有害菌被充分灭活;向养殖粪便中添加发酵用好氧微生物溶液,通过控制发酵温度和发酵湿度,使养殖粪便充分进行好氧发酵处理,发酵处理过程中对养殖粪便进行持续翻滚搅拌,并使养殖粪便与氧气充分接触;粪便灭活和发酵培养过程均在同一发酵装置中连续进行,发酵装置通过自身的旋转实现上述粪便灭活和发酵培养过程中对养殖粪便的翻滚搅拌,发酵装置通过自身的旋转实现上述发酵培养完成后对养殖粪便的排料。本发明的发酵工艺不仅步骤简单、操作方便、处理效率高、占地面积小,且耗时短、适用性强、成本小、节能环保。
The invention discloses a fermenting process of cultured excrement, which comprises the following steps: firstly heat the cultured manure at high temperature to fully inactivate harmful bacteria in the cultured manure; add an aerobic microorganism solution for fermentation to the cultured manure , by controlling the fermentation temperature and fermentation humidity, the cultured manure is fully subjected to aerobic fermentation treatment. During the fermentation process, the cultured manure is continuously rolled and stirred, and the cultured manure is fully contacted with oxygen; the manure inactivation and fermentation are carried out at the same Continuously in the fermentation device, the fermentation device realizes the above-mentioned feces inactivation and tumbling and stirring of the cultured manure during the fermentation and cultivation process through its own rotation, and the fermentation device realizes the discharge of the cultured manure after the above-mentioned fermentation and cultivation is completed through its own rotation. The fermentation process of the present invention not only has simple steps, convenient operation, high processing efficiency, small floor space, short time consumption, strong applicability, low cost, energy saving and environmental protection.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及一种发酵工艺,尤其涉及一种可用于养殖粪便处理的发酵工艺。 The invention relates to a fermentation process, in particular to a fermentation process which can be used for the treatment of breeding manure.
背景技术 Background technique
近年来,养猪模式已由农村散养往集约化养殖模式转变,猪的食物也由人们剩下的潲水转变为统一的饲料,随之而来的是,猪粪的数量巨大,粪便对环境的污染日益严重。畜禽粪便中的有毒有害物质严重超出环境的承受力,如不经过无害化处理,不仅会造成地下水的污染及微生物含量超标,而且会污染空气,使大气中的氨气、二氧化硫等有害气体增多;同时,畜禽粪便还会带来土壤酸化、重金属残留等土壤环境问题。 In recent years, the mode of raising pigs has changed from rural free-range breeding to intensive farming, and the food of pigs has also changed from the leftover hogwash to unified feed. Following this, the amount of pig manure is huge, and the excrement is harmful to the environment. pollution is becoming increasingly serious. The toxic and harmful substances in livestock and poultry manure are seriously beyond the capacity of the environment. If they are not treated harmlessly, it will not only cause groundwater pollution and microbial content exceeding the standard, but also pollute the air, making ammonia, sulfur dioxide and other harmful gases in the atmosphere At the same time, livestock and poultry manure will also cause soil environmental problems such as soil acidification and heavy metal residues.
目前,对养殖粪便的处理有厌氧发酵法(沼气池)、堆肥法或者直接作为肥料施用等几种方法,但现有的处理方法均存在投资大、占用土地面积大、二次污染和工艺控制复杂等缺陷。以厌氧发酵法和堆肥法为例,其所需占地面积和投资相对较大,处理时需要控制好温度和湿度,不仅工艺控制难度大,工艺步骤繁冗,而且处理时间很长(15~60天不等),对一般的养殖户来说很难形成规模。从另一方面看,养殖粪便本身属于一种很好的农家肥,是培肥改良土壤的优质有机肥资源,但如果直接施用养殖粪便,必将产生作物伤根、病害、草害等负面影响。诸多因素的限制,使得我国大多数养殖户对养殖粪便不能很好地进行资源化利用。 At present, there are several methods for the treatment of aquaculture manure, such as anaerobic fermentation method (digester), composting method or direct application as fertilizer, but the existing treatment methods all have large investment, large land occupation, secondary pollution and technical problems. Control complex and other defects. Taking the anaerobic fermentation method and composting method as examples, the required area and investment are relatively large, and the temperature and humidity need to be well controlled during the treatment. Not only is the process control difficult, the process steps are cumbersome, and the treatment time is very long (15~ 60 days), it is difficult for general farmers to form a scale. On the other hand, cultured manure itself is a kind of good farmyard manure, and it is a high-quality organic fertilizer resource for fertilizing and improving the soil. However, if the manure is directly applied, it will inevitably have negative effects such as crop root damage, disease, and weed damage. . Due to the limitation of many factors, most of the farmers in our country cannot make good resource utilization of the breeding manure.
为了简化对养殖粪便处理的操作工序,提高对养殖粪便处理的工艺效率,现有技术中公开了多种养殖粪便的处理设备,但现有的处理设备多为静态化发酵设备,且结构相对复杂,进料排料不畅,发酵时间长、发酵效果不甚理想,很难满足养殖户规模化处理养殖粪便的需要。 In order to simplify the operation procedure for the treatment of breeding manure and improve the process efficiency of the treatment of breeding manure, a variety of treatment equipment for breeding manure is disclosed in the prior art, but most of the existing treatment equipment is static fermentation equipment, and the structure is relatively complicated , poor feeding and discharging, long fermentation time, and unsatisfactory fermentation effect, it is difficult to meet the needs of farmers for large-scale treatment of aquaculture manure.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明要解决的技术问题是克服现有技术的不足,提供一种步骤简单、操作方便、处理效率高、占地面积小、耗时短、适用性强、成本小、节能环保的养殖粪便的发酵工艺。 The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, and to provide a breeding excrement with simple steps, convenient operation, high processing efficiency, small footprint, short time consumption, strong applicability, low cost, energy saving and environmental protection. fermentation process.
为解决上述技术问题,本发明提出的技术方案为一种养殖粪便的发酵工艺,包括以下几个步骤: In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution proposed by the present invention is a fermentation process of cultured excrement, comprising the following steps:
(1)粪便灭活:先对养殖粪便进行高温加热处理,使养殖粪便中的有害菌被充分灭活; (1) Feces inactivation: first heat the cultured manure at high temperature to fully inactivate the harmful bacteria in the cultured manure;
(2)发酵培养:向步骤(1)后的养殖粪便中添加发酵用好氧微生物溶液,通过控制发酵温度和发酵湿度,使养殖粪便充分进行好氧发酵处理,发酵处理过程中对养殖粪便进行持续翻滚搅拌,并使养殖粪便与氧气充分接触; (2) Fermentation culture: Add the aerobic microbial solution for fermentation to the cultured manure after step (1). By controlling the fermentation temperature and fermentation humidity, the cultured manure is fully subjected to aerobic fermentation treatment, and the cultured manure is treated during the fermentation process. Continuous tumbling and stirring, and make the cultured manure fully contact with oxygen;
所述粪便灭活和发酵培养过程均在同一发酵装置中连续进行,所述发酵装置通过自身的旋转实现上述粪便灭活和发酵培养过程中对养殖粪便的翻滚搅拌,所述发酵装置通过自身的旋转实现上述发酵培养完成后对养殖粪便的排料。 The feces inactivation and fermentation and cultivation process are all carried out continuously in the same fermentation device, and the fermentation device realizes the above-mentioned feces inactivation and the tumbling and stirring of the cultured feces during the fermentation and cultivation process through its own rotation. The rotation realizes the discharge of the breeding manure after the above-mentioned fermentation culture is completed.
作为对上述养殖粪便的发酵工艺的进一步改进,本发明还提供了一种特别优化的发酵装置,所述发酵装置包括进料口(进风口)、出料口和发酵装置本体,所述发酵装置本体包括相互对接的第一发酵罐和第二发酵罐,所述第一发酵罐和第二发酵罐均为可转动式发酵罐,所述第一发酵罐和第二发酵罐的对接口处设置成可相对转动的连接方式,所述第一发酵罐和第二发酵罐的内部分别设有第一发酵容腔和第二发酵容腔,所述第一发酵容腔和第二发酵容腔的内壁上均设有螺旋刀,所述第一发酵罐和第二发酵罐的配合转动使进入发酵装置的养殖粪便从进料口向出料口移动或者使进入发酵装置的养殖粪便从发酵装置两端向中部挤压;所述发酵装置上还设有连接至外部引风机的引风口(所述进料口可兼作进风口);所述进料口与第一发酵罐之间密封连接,所述引风口、出料口与第二发酵罐之间密封连接,第一发酵罐和第二发酵罐之间进行动密封连接;所述发酵装置上安装有温度控制器和湿度控制器。 As a further improvement to the fermentation process of the above-mentioned breeding manure, the present invention also provides a particularly optimized fermentation device, which includes a feed inlet (air inlet), a discharge port and a fermentation device body, and the fermentation device The body includes a first fermenter and a second fermenter docked with each other, the first fermenter and the second fermenter are both rotatable fermenters, and the docking ports of the first fermenter and the second fermenter are set In a relatively rotatable connection, the first fermentation tank and the second fermentation tank are respectively provided with a first fermentation chamber and a second fermentation chamber, and the first fermentation chamber and the second fermentation chamber are Screw knives are provided on the inner walls, and the coordinated rotation of the first fermenter and the second fermenter moves the cultured feces entering the fermentation device from the feed port to the discharge port or makes the cultured manure entering the fermentation device move from the two sides of the fermentation device to the discharge port. The end is extruded toward the middle; the fermentation device is also provided with an air inlet connected to an external induced draft fan (the inlet can also be used as an air inlet); the inlet is sealed and connected with the first fermentation tank, and the The air inlet, the discharge port and the second fermentation tank are sealed and connected, and the first fermentation tank and the second fermentation tank are connected in a dynamic and sealed manner; the fermentation device is equipped with a temperature controller and a humidity controller.
上述改进后的养殖粪便的发酵工艺中,所述第一发酵容腔和第二发酵容腔内设置的螺旋刀可以为同向螺旋刀;此时,所述第一发酵罐和第二发酵罐的配合转动是指:所述第一发酵罐和第二发酵罐的同向转动使进入发酵装置的养殖粪便从进料口向出料口移动,所述第一发酵罐和第二发酵罐的异向转动使进入发酵装置的养殖粪便从发酵装置两端向中部挤压。 In the above-mentioned improved fermenting process of cultured manure, the screw knives arranged in the first fermentation chamber and the second fermentation chamber can be the same direction screw knives; at this time, the first fermentation tank and the second fermentation tank The cooperating rotation means: the co-rotation of the first fermenter and the second fermenter makes the culture manure entering the fermentation device move from the feed port to the discharge port, and the first fermenter and the second fermenter The counter-rotation makes the culture manure entering the fermentation device squeeze from both ends of the fermentation device to the middle.
上述改进后的养殖粪便的发酵工艺中,所述第一发酵容腔和第二发酵容腔内设置的螺旋刀也可为异向螺旋刀;此时,所述第一发酵罐和第二发酵罐的配合转动是指:所述第一发酵罐和第二发酵罐的异向转动使进入发酵装置的养殖粪便从进料口向出料口移动,所述第一发酵罐和第二发酵罐的同向转动使进入发酵装置的养殖粪便从发酵装置两端向中部挤压。 In the above-mentioned improved fermenting process of breeding excrement, the screw knives arranged in the first fermentation chamber and the second fermentation chamber can also be different direction screw knives; at this time, the first fermentation tank and the second fermentation tank The coordinated rotation of the tanks refers to: the counter-rotation of the first fermenter and the second fermenter makes the culture manure entering the fermentation device move from the feed port to the discharge port, and the first fermenter and the second fermenter Rotate in the same direction so that the culture manure entering the fermentation device is squeezed from both ends of the fermentation device to the middle.
上述改进后的养殖粪便的发酵工艺中,所述发酵装置上还优选安装有通向第一发酵容腔和第二发酵容腔的喷液管。所述喷液管优选为可上下移动式的U形喷液管;所述U形喷液管的一端设为微生物溶液进液口,微生物溶液进液口处装设有微生物溶液控制阀门;所述U形喷液管的另一端设为清洗液进液口,清洗液进液口处装设有清洗液控制阀门。 In the above-mentioned improved fermenting process of cultured excrement, the fermenting device is preferably further equipped with liquid spray pipes leading to the first fermentation chamber and the second fermentation chamber. The liquid spray pipe is preferably a U-shaped liquid spray pipe that can move up and down; one end of the U-shaped liquid spray pipe is set as a microbial solution liquid inlet, and a microbial solution control valve is installed at the microbial solution liquid inlet; The other end of the U-shaped liquid spray pipe is set as a cleaning liquid inlet, and a cleaning liquid control valve is installed at the cleaning liquid inlet.
上述改进后的养殖粪便的发酵工艺中,所述发酵装置的两端优选安装有可启闭的舱门,以便在非工作状态下对发酵装置进行检修、清洁和维护。 In the above-mentioned improved fermenting process of culture manure, the two ends of the fermenting device are preferably equipped with openable and closable hatches, so that the fermenting device can be overhauled, cleaned and maintained in the non-working state.
上述改进后的养殖粪便的发酵工艺中,所述发酵装置的温度控制器优选包括设于发酵装置外部的控制显示器、设于发酵装置腔体内的温度传感器和设于进料口处的加热模块,所述加热模块、温度传感器均与控制显示器相连,所述加热模块主要由电阻丝和风机组成。所述温度控制器的加热原理为:通过控制显示器控制加热模块中的电阻丝加热,由于加热模块设置在进风口处,外来新鲜空气由风机引入并经过滤网后再通过发热的电热丝,新鲜空气加热至所需温度后,再通过风机将热风吹进发酵装置的腔体内,使发酵罐内的温度达到所要求的设计温度值(55℃~60℃);保持罐内恒温发酵。灭活时的温度控制同样通过该温度控制器实现。 In the above-mentioned improved fermenting process of cultured excrement, the temperature controller of the fermenting device preferably includes a control display arranged outside the fermenting device, a temperature sensor arranged in the cavity of the fermenting device and a heating module arranged at the feed inlet, Both the heating module and the temperature sensor are connected with the control display, and the heating module is mainly composed of a resistance wire and a fan. The heating principle of the temperature controller is: by controlling the display to control the heating of the resistance wire in the heating module, since the heating module is arranged at the air inlet, the external fresh air is introduced by the fan and passed through the heating wire after passing through the filter, fresh After the air is heated to the required temperature, the hot air is blown into the cavity of the fermentation device through the fan, so that the temperature in the fermentation tank reaches the required design temperature value (55 ° C ~ 60 ° C); keep the fermentation at a constant temperature in the tank. The temperature control during inactivation is also realized by this temperature controller.
上述的养殖粪便的发酵工艺,所述粪便灭活步骤中,高温加热处理的温度优选控制在120℃~130℃(此温度下既能消灭微生物,也不会破坏基料成分),高温加热处理的时间优选控制在20min~40min。 In the fermentation process of the above-mentioned breeding manure, in the said manure inactivation step, the temperature of the high-temperature heat treatment is preferably controlled at 120°C to 130°C (at this temperature, microorganisms can be eliminated, and the base material components will not be destroyed), and the high-temperature heat treatment The time is preferably controlled within 20 minutes to 40 minutes.
上述的养殖粪便的发酵工艺,所述发酵培养过程中,发酵温度优选控制在55℃~60℃,发酵湿度优选控制在含水率为55%~65%,所述好氧发酵处理的时间优选为12h~24h。 In the fermentation process of the above-mentioned breeding manure, during the fermentation and cultivation process, the fermentation temperature is preferably controlled at 55°C to 60°C, the fermentation humidity is preferably controlled at a water content of 55% to 65%, and the time of the aerobic fermentation treatment is preferably 12h~24h.
上述的养殖粪便的发酵工艺,所述发酵培养过程中,所述发酵装置的转速优选不超过60 r/min。 In the above-mentioned fermentation process of cultured excrement, during the fermentation and cultivation process, the rotation speed of the fermentation device is preferably not more than 60 r/min.
上述的养殖粪便的发酵工艺,所述好氧微生物溶液优选为养殖粪便发酵专用EM菌液。EM菌液主要是由乳酸菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、放线菌、酵母菌等 80多种单一菌种复合发酵提纯而成,属于EM系列产品;每克含有有益总菌数大于或者等于200亿CFU。 In the above-mentioned fermentation process of cultured excrement, the aerobic microbial solution is preferably EM bacteria liquid specially used for fermentation of cultured excrement. EM bacteria liquid is mainly purified by compound fermentation of more than 80 single strains of lactic acid bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, actinomycetes, yeast, etc. It belongs to the EM series of products; the total number of beneficial bacteria per gram is greater than or equal to 20 billion CFU.
与现有技术相比,本发明的优点在于: Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the advantages of:
1、本发明的发酵工艺既可用于前期对养殖粪便的灭活处理,也可用于对养殖粪便的发酵处理,本发明的灭活处理和发酵培养过程可在同一台发酵装置中连续、高效地进行,这便大大简化了现有的养殖粪便处理方式,提高了养殖粪便的处理效率。 1. The fermentation process of the present invention can be used for the inactivation treatment of the cultured excrement in the early stage, and can also be used for the fermentation treatment of the cultured excrement. The inactivation treatment and the fermentation process of the present invention can be carried out continuously and efficiently in the same fermentation device. This greatly simplifies the existing treatment methods of aquaculture manure and improves the treatment efficiency of aquaculture manure.
2、通过在本发明的发酵工艺中将灭活处理与发酵培养进行有机整合,能够使发酵物料中的有害毒菌充分灭活,以便为后续菌种发酵培养提供无竞争性的良好环境,从而提高发酵菌的繁殖速度,缩短发酵腐熟时间,促进腐熟程度。 2. By organically integrating the inactivation treatment and fermentation culture in the fermentation process of the present invention, the harmful poisonous bacteria in the fermentation material can be fully inactivated, so as to provide a non-competitive good environment for the subsequent bacterial strain fermentation culture, thereby Improve the reproduction speed of fermentation bacteria, shorten the fermentation time and promote the degree of maturity.
3、本发明的发酵工艺中配备有温度控制器和湿度控制器,可实现发酵过程中温度和湿度的可控性调节,有利于提高发酵腐熟的效率,大大缩短发酵周期(由传统的两周、甚至两个月的发酵周期缩短至12小时~24小时)。 3. The fermentation process of the present invention is equipped with a temperature controller and a humidity controller, which can realize the controllable regulation of temperature and humidity in the fermentation process, which is conducive to improving the efficiency of fermentation and decomposing, and greatly shortens the fermentation period (from the traditional two weeks) , and even shorten the two-month fermentation cycle to 12 hours to 24 hours).
4、本发明的发酵工艺有利于保持发酵物料中的养分;由于本发明发酵装置的发酵时间短,腐熟效果好,养分损耗极小。 4. The fermentation process of the present invention is beneficial to maintain the nutrients in the fermented materials; since the fermentation device of the present invention has a short fermentation time, the decomposing effect is good, and the nutrient loss is extremely small.
5、本发明的发酵工艺绿色环保,对环境无影响;由于本发明的发酵工艺实现了养殖粪便等污染物的零排放,而且使养殖粪便等废物资源得到综合利用,这便有效解决了传统工艺或设备对水体、土壤及空气的污染问题;有利于实现养殖污粪的高效、资源化综合利用,尤其特别适用于养猪粪便的资源化综合利用处理。 5. The fermentation process of the present invention is green and environmentally friendly, and has no impact on the environment; since the fermentation process of the present invention realizes zero discharge of pollutants such as breeding manure, and makes comprehensive utilization of waste resources such as breeding manure, this effectively solves the problem of traditional processes. Or the pollution of water body, soil and air by equipment; it is beneficial to realize the efficient and comprehensive utilization of resources from breeding manure, especially suitable for the comprehensive utilization of resources from pig manure.
6、本发明的发酵工艺用发酵装置不仅操作简单,设备投资小,且整个发酵装置完全可以通过控制程序实现一键式操作,占地面积远远小于堆肥发酵、静态发酵罐发酵等占用面积,大大简化了工序,节省了人力物力。 6. The fermentation device used in the fermentation process of the present invention is not only simple to operate, but also has low equipment investment, and the whole fermentation device can realize one-button operation through the control program, and the occupied area is much smaller than that occupied by compost fermentation and static fermenter fermentation. The process is greatly simplified and manpower and material resources are saved.
总的来说,采用本发明的发酵工艺对养殖粪便进行处理,具有设备投入小、成本低、操作方便、处理效率高、占地面积小、耗时短、受热均匀、节能环保等特点,对大中小养殖户都具有很好的适用性,产业化应用前景相当广阔。 In general, the fermentation process of the present invention is used to process the breeding manure, which has the characteristics of small equipment investment, low cost, convenient operation, high processing efficiency, small footprint, short time consumption, uniform heating, energy saving and environmental protection, etc. Large, medium and small farmers all have good applicability, and the industrial application prospect is quite broad.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1为本发明实施例中发酵装置的主视图,其中,发酵装置的左侧和上部分别给出了局部的剖视情形。 Fig. 1 is the front view of the fermentation device in the embodiment of the present invention, wherein the left side and the upper part of the fermentation device respectively show partial cross-sectional situations.
图2为本发明实施例中发酵装置的主视图。 Fig. 2 is the front view of the fermentation device in the embodiment of the present invention.
图3为图2中A-A处的剖视图。 Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view at A-A in Fig. 2 .
图4为图2中B-B处的剖视图。 Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view at B-B in Fig. 2 .
图5为本发明实施例中喷液管的局部放大图。 Fig. 5 is a partial enlarged view of the liquid spray pipe in the embodiment of the present invention.
图例说明: illustration:
1、进料口; 2、第一发酵罐;3、第二发酵罐;4、引风口;5、进料管;6、出料口;7、第一传动装置;8、第二传动装置;9、温度控制器;10、湿度控制器;11、喷液管;12、微生物溶液进液口;13、清洗液进液口;14、螺旋刀;15、微生物溶液控制阀门;16、清洗液控制阀门;17、加热模块。
1. Feed inlet; 2. First fermenter; 3. Second fermenter; 4. Air inlet; 5. Feed pipe; 6. Discharge port; 7. First transmission device; 8.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
以下结合说明书附图和具体优选的实施例对本发明作进一步描述,但并不因此而限制本发明的保护范围。 The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific preferred embodiments, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
实施例:Example:
一种本发明的养殖粪便的发酵工艺,该发酵工艺用到如图1~图5所示的养殖粪便的发酵装置,包括进料口1(兼作进风口)、出料口6、引风口4和发酵装置本体。从图1可以看到,发酵装置本体呈圆筒状,外部整体表现为卧式圆柱形容器,发酵装置本体的两端设有舱门以便于检测和维护。进料口1为一圆形接口,设于发酵装置左侧上方,进料口1下方通过一倾斜式进料管5通向发酵装置本体内腔。出料口6为一圆形接口,设于发酵装置右侧下方,出料口6处设有可启闭的堵板。引风口4同样为一圆形接口,连接至外部的引风机,引风口4布置于发酵装置右侧上方。
A fermentation process of cultured excrement of the present invention, the fermentation process uses the fermentation device of cultured excrement as shown in Figures 1 to 5, comprising a feed port 1 (also serving as an air inlet), a
本实施例中的发酵装置包括相互对接的第一发酵罐2(参见图1中的Ⅰ区)和第二发酵罐3(参见图1中的Ⅱ区),第一发酵罐2和第二发酵罐3均为可转动式发酵罐,第一发酵罐2由第一传动装置7(例如传动电机)驱动其转动(可以绕顺时针、逆时针进行正、反转),第二发酵罐3由第二传动装置8驱动其转动(可以绕顺时针、逆时针进行正、反转),第一发酵罐2和第二发酵罐3的对接口处设置成可相对转动的连接方式,第一发酵罐2和第二发酵罐3在各自的旋转过程中互不干扰,均可自由转动。进料口1与第一发酵罐2密封连接,引风口4、出料口6则与第二发酵罐3密封连接,第一发酵罐2和第二发酵罐3之间进行密封连接。
The fermentation device in this embodiment includes a first fermentor 2 (see zone I in Figure 1) and a second fermentor 3 (see zone II in Figure 1) that are docked with each other, and the
第一发酵罐2和第二发酵罐3的内部分别设有第一发酵容腔(即图1中的Ⅰ区)和第二发酵容腔(即图1中的Ⅱ区),第一发酵容腔和第二发酵容腔的内壁上均设有螺旋刀14。本实施例中,第一发酵容腔和第二发酵容腔内设置的螺旋刀14为同向螺旋刀(参见图4);第一发酵罐2和第二发酵罐3的同向转动(即从一个方向看同时逆时针或同时顺时针转动)可使进入发酵装置的养殖粪便从进料口1向出料口6移动,而第一发酵罐2和第二发酵罐3的异向转动(即从一个方向看,一个为逆时针转动,另一个为顺时针转动)则可使进入发酵装置的养殖粪便从发酵装置两端向中部挤压。当然,在另外的实施例中,也可将第一发酵容腔和第二发酵容腔内设置的螺旋刀调整为异向螺旋刀;此时第一发酵罐2和第二发酵罐3的异向转动则使进入发酵装置的养殖粪便从进料口1向出料口6移动,第一发酵罐2和第二发酵罐3的同向转动则使进入发酵装置的养殖粪便从发酵装置两端向中部挤压。
The inside of the
如图1所示,本实施例中的发酵装置上还安装有通向第一发酵容腔和第二发酵容腔的喷液管11;喷液管11为可上下移动式的U形喷液管(钢质),以便于将发酵所需液体均匀喷射在发酵装置内的物料中;该U形喷液管的一端设为微生物溶液进液口12,微生物溶液进液口12处装设有微生物溶液控制阀门15;该U形喷液管的另一端设为清洗液进液口13,清洗液进液口13处装设有清洗液控制阀门16。本实施例的发酵装置左侧还安装有温度控制器9,发酵装置的右侧安装有湿度控制器10。温度控制器9包括设于发酵装置外部的控制显示器、设于发酵装置腔体内的温度传感器和设于进料口处的加热模块17,加热模块17、温度传感器均与控制显示器相连,加热模块17主要由电阻丝和风机组成。
As shown in Figure 1, the fermentation device in this embodiment is also equipped with a liquid spray pipe 11 leading to the first fermentation chamber and the second fermentation chamber; the liquid spray pipe 11 is a U-shaped liquid spray that can move up and down. pipe (steel), so that the liquid required for fermentation can be evenly sprayed into the material in the fermentation device; one end of the U-shaped liquid spray pipe is set as the
本实施例采用上述的发酵装置对养殖粪便进行发酵,具体的发酵工艺包括以下步骤: The present embodiment adopts the above-mentioned fermentation device to ferment the cultured excrement, and the specific fermentation process includes the following steps:
(1)粪便导入:准备好待进行发酵处理的养殖粪便,通过进料口1以及与进料口1相连的进料管5,将养殖粪便通入至发酵装置本体的第一发酵容腔和第二发酵容腔中,关闭出料口6;开始启动第一传动装置7和第二传动装置8,使其分别驱动第一发酵罐2和第二发酵罐3转动;此时,控制第一发酵罐2和第二发酵罐3进行异向转动,第一发酵容腔和第二发酵容腔中的粪便等发酵物料在螺旋刀14的搅拌带动下,从发酵装置的两侧不断向中部聚集,通过持续地旋转搅拌,发酵物料得以充分混匀且不会从出料口6导出。
(1) Feces introduction: prepare the cultured manure to be fermented, pass the cultured manure into the first fermentation chamber and the In the second fermentation chamber, close the
(2)粪便灭活:关闭出料口6、微生物溶液控制阀门15和清洗液控制阀门16等,通过调节温度控制器9,将发酵装置本体内第一发酵容腔和第二发酵容腔的温度加热到121℃左右,与此同时,持续控制第一发酵罐2和第二发酵罐3进行异向转动,使发酵物料在此环境下进行充分的灭活、杀菌;此灭活、杀菌过程耗时约30min(一般为20min~40min)。
(2) Feces inactivation: close the
(3)发酵准备:粪便灭活过程结束后停止第一发酵罐2和第二发酵罐3的转动,养殖粪便逐渐冷却,此时继续关闭清洗液控制阀门16,但同时开启微生物溶液控制阀门15,通过计量泵向微生物溶液进液口12中打入好氧型微生物溶液(可根据发酵条件的不同打入不同类型的微生物溶液,本实施例打入的是专用于粪便发酵的EM菌液,该EM菌液可市购),并通过喷液管11将打入的微生物溶液均匀喷射到发酵装置本体内的发酵物料上,喷液前重新启动发酵装置本体的第一传动装置7和第二传动装置8,使第一发酵罐2和第二发酵罐3进行异向旋转,喷液时保持罐体的转动,以便微生物溶液能均匀喷射于发酵物料上,按设定剂量喷液完后,关闭微生物溶液控制阀门15;喷液管11的管壁上均匀布设有喷射孔(参见图5),喷射到发酵装置本体内的微生物溶液能够更好地保证后续高温好氧发酵过程的顺利进行。
(3) Fermentation preparation: Stop the rotation of the
(4)发酵培养:喷液完成后开始进行发酵,罐体保持异向转动直至发酵结束,转速一般不超过60 r/min;在螺旋刀14的作用下,旋转的罐体不断搅拌、挤压、翻滚发酵物料;此时开启引风口4,利用引风机对发酵装置内的废气进行抽引,发酵产生的废气引出后输送至水浴除尘器处理;进料口1也保持开启状态(作为进风口使用,进风口处可设置空气净化滤芯,能阻隔空气中的颗粒物及微生物),使发酵装置内的空气形成对流,以保证有新鲜的恒温空气不断进入发酵装置内,保证高温好氧发酵过程对氧气的需求。与此同时,通过调整温度控制器9,将发酵装置本体内腔的温度控制在55℃~60℃,并开启湿度控制器10,将发酵装置本体内腔的湿度控制在含水率55%~65%;当湿度控制器10上显示湿度降低时,启动喷液管11的清洗功能,打开清洗液控制阀门16,关闭微生物溶液控制阀门15,向发酵装置内喷射清水以提高发酵装置内腔的湿度;如果湿度控制器10显示湿度过大时,则通过发酵过程中的水分蒸发作用,再利用引风机将多余的水蒸气抽引出发酵装置,以达到降低湿度的目的,这样便可保证发酵装置在发酵过程中对湿度控制的基本要求。整个高温好氧发酵过程的时长大约为12h~24h。
(4) Fermentation culture: Fermentation begins after the liquid spraying is completed, and the tank body keeps rotating in opposite directions until the end of fermentation, and the rotation speed generally does not exceed 60 r/min; under the action of the
(5)出料:上述的高温好氧发酵完成后,其中的养殖粪便被充分腐熟;关闭温度控制器9和湿度控制器10,同时关闭各个阀门,停止引风口4处的引风,停止第一发酵罐2和第二发酵罐3的异向旋转。通过控制装置重新启动第一传动装置7和第二传动装置8,并使第一发酵罐2和第二发酵罐3保持同向旋转,再次依靠内腔螺旋刀14的带动和搅拌作用,将腐熟的养殖粪便渐渐向出料口6推移,实现发酵装置中发酵物料的出料。
(5) Discharging: After the above-mentioned high-temperature aerobic fermentation is completed, the cultured excrement therein is fully decomposed; the
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Effective date of registration: 20190910 Address after: 410000 Hunan Province Changsha Yuhua District Huijin Road 269 Champs Elysees Yayuan 3 1901 Patentee after: Changsha Xiaoshui Environmental Protection Technology Co.,Ltd. Address before: 410000, Jin Kunyuan, room 11, 68, Xiantao Road, sunshine Avenue, Yuhua times, Yuhua District, Hunan, Changsha, 3202 Co-patentee before: Shu Miao Patentee before: Luo Bing |
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CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20140604 |