CN101627675B - Method for improving kaline soil by layered drainage - Google Patents
Method for improving kaline soil by layered drainage Download PDFInfo
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- CN101627675B CN101627675B CN2009101132327A CN200910113232A CN101627675B CN 101627675 B CN101627675 B CN 101627675B CN 2009101132327 A CN2009101132327 A CN 2009101132327A CN 200910113232 A CN200910113232 A CN 200910113232A CN 101627675 B CN101627675 B CN 101627675B
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for improving kaline soil by layered drainage. Aiming at the characteristic that a clay layer and a sand layer which are watertight coexist in a soil body, a method is adopted and comprises the following steps: deep loosening 35-45cm of soil in farmland at a distance of 40-60 cm; breaking the clay layer; constructing a drainage trench so that salt substances carried by farmland-irrigating water passing 20cm of sand layer below 35cm can be rapidly drained while confirming the optimal drainage time is from October to November, i.e. a slack season in winter; irrigating the soil after deep loosening with 100-150mm of water to wash salts; and irrigating the soil with 35-75mm of pre-sowing water before sowing in the next year so as to have better effect. The invention illustrates and analyzes a scientific and reasonable conclusion about the influence of the occurring position of the watertight layer and the physicochemical property of a plough layer in soil body configuration on salt accumulation and drainage from the soil body, adopts the simple and effective method with strong maneuverability and achieves the technical effect of improving the kaline soil, for examples, 100 hm<2> of salinized wasteland is improved to plant cotton by the method during two years from 2006 to 2008, and can obtain a net output value of 4.2525 million yuan in three years if every hectares improvement cost is 900 yuan, and the investment for 100 hm<2> is 90 thousand yuan; and a yield per unit for planting wheat in 2007 is approximate to 4500 kg/hm<2>.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to soil melioration, especially at the improvement in saline land, the method for a kind of improving kaline soil by layered drainage that suits especially.
Background technology
By retrieval, obtaining pertinent literature is 26 pieces, is general pertinent literature at present.Mention in the document: 1. use trench digging afforestation, build the tableland, build tableland afforestation and penetrate the dark cave of alkali lattice afforestation technology the sand ground salinization soil is improved; 2. adopt the high furrow expedient of tillage of zanjon, promote desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching row alkali by natural precipitation, combined ground covers and prevents the accumulation of salt in the surface soil, and applying organic manure etc. improve soil structure; 3. take Jing Gou in conjunction with the comprehensive draining measure, control subterranean water level effectively, desalination underground water quickens the soil desalination; 4. invalid patent, " a kind of soil improving method by using blind drains for sprinkling irrigation " is that a trickle french drain is set on the certain depth of soil layer, the trickle french drain bottom surface water that contains salt of the certain thickness rubble of place mat, coarse sand, fine sand, french drain upper strata successively can import gully by the trickle french drain, and the brackish water of gully regularly discharges methods such as elsewhere.5. invalid patent, a kind of method that improves the waterproof haftplatte layer of multilayer saline land, be in the farmland alternate 50 meters dig one wide 1～1.5 meter, be deep to the ditch of subterranean water level, fill out straw backfill soil behind the 50cm of ground in the ditch.Washing salinity by irrigation in 10～November is irritated and is broadcast preceding water, crops such as in good time plant cotton spring next year.Though relating at soil, particularly saline-alkali soil adopts trench digging afforestation, the high furrow farming of zanjon, Jing Gou that a trickle french drain is set in conjunction with comprehensive draining, on the certain depth of soil layer, surface water can import methods such as gully by the trickle french drain, the broken multilayer haftplatte layer draining of trench digging, adopt trench digging to abolish the haftplatte layer, the trench digging degree of depth reaches underground latent water, making in the soil moisture and salinity enter ground water regime by the ditch of leaving and discharge the farmland, all is the salt plantations and than the measure of large-engineering measure comprehensive draining salt discharge of hiding.But at the coexistence of impervious clay blanket and sand bed is arranged in the soil body, and go up sticking husky down special soil configuration, take the method for dark pine, the dark pine of plough to break argillic horizon, by irrigating, solve the problem of salinization soil draining difficulty, make suitable cotton in saline land after the improvement or the plantation of other economic crops.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to: a kind of improvement that provides has the method in the saline land of impervious clay blanket and sand bed coexistence, be that a determining deviation adopts the dark loose 35cm of dark pine plough to break argillic horizon in the farmland, make the farmland irrigating water enter drainage system to saline and alkaline being carried by side direction, reach the purpose of improving the soil by moisture by the 20cm layer of sand below the 35cm.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this: a kind of method of improving kaline soil by layered drainage, at fluid-tight argillic horizon and sand bed coexistence in the soil body, and go up the sticking saline land of husky soil configuration down, its measure is the method that spacing 40-60cm adopts chiselling earth 35-45cm in the farmland, break argillic horizon, make up the drain ditch, make the farmland irrigating water pass through the sand bed of the following 20cm of 35cm, carry the salt alkaloid substance and enter drainage system.
The method of described improving kaline soil by layered drainage, the 10-11 month that annual best water discharge time is winter slack.
The method of described improving kaline soil by layered drainage behind the chiselling earth, adopts 100-150mm water to irrigate the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, irritates 35-75mm again before the next year sowing and broadcasts preceding water, better effects if.
The method of described improving kaline soil by layered drainage, craft of chiselling earth or mechanical cultivation all can.
The method of described improving kaline soil by layered drainage, the soil suitable planting cotton after the improvement or other crop.
The basic principle of the inventive method:
Alkaline land soil profile pattern: top layer salt crust, white, loose shape;
0～1cm salinity Guinier-Preston zone, white loose;
1～20cm topsoil, bulk, sepia, consolidation slightly, humidity, middle earth;
20～35cm rufous argillic horizon is fine and close waterproof;
35～55cm layer of sand, single grain structure, canescence, pine, humidity;
55～70cm rufous+cinerous argillic horizon, fine and close impervious clay blanket;
70～90cm layer of sand, single grain structure, canescence, pine, humidity;
The steel gray ash of 90～100cm+yellow argillic horizon, fine and close impervious clay blanket.
Nonsaline-alkali soil earth profile pattern: granular, sepia;
0～20cm topsoil, granular, sepia, pine, slightly wet, middle earth is light partially;
20～30cm layer of sand, single grain structure, canescence, pine, wetter;
30～40cm clay adds layer of sand, bulk, lark, consolidation slightly, humidity;
40～55cm layer of sand, single grain structure, canescence, pine, humidity;
55～80cm rufous+cinerous argillic horizon, bulk, consolidation, humidity;
80～100cm layer of sand, single grain structure, grey, pine, humidity.
From above-mentioned section as can be seen, the appearance position of impermeable stratum and topsoil physicochemical character have tangible influence to the salt accumulation and the discharge soil body in the soil body configuration.Just there is fluid-tight red clay layer at 20cm place in the soil body, saline land, and non-saline land impervious clay blanket has more below the present soil body 50cm.
Test effect checking of the present invention:
A. the differing texture bulk density of soil and salinity feature
The table 1 saline land differing texture bulk density of soil and salinity feature
As seen from Table 1, red clay layer unit weight is big, and water permeable ability is very low, causes under the moisture of farmland and oozes difficulty.
B, the test of different disposal drainage effect
Table 2 different disposal farmland irrigating water gets rid of required fate unit: day
24 of experimental plots, sub-district area 300m
2(15m * 20m), the trench digging spacing is established 20cm, 50cm, 80cm, 100cm, 120cm, and irrigation quantity is made as 150mm, 120mm, 90mm, 75mm, and contrast (CK) is not ditched.Pouring water and adopt the tripod weir control water yield, pour water on the same day, observe the sub-district water regime every day, is that moisture drains day with no open fire.As can be seen from Table 2, the trench digging spacing surpasses 80cm, and drainage effect is relatively poor, and the trench digging spacing is less than 50cm, and its drainage effect is best, but the big cost of density is higher; Trench digging spacing 50cm effect and cost all are optimum.
The variation of c, different disposal soil salt content
Table 3 different disposal 0～30cm soil salt content changes unit: mg/kg soil
As can be seen from Table 3, the trench digging spacing is irrigated more than the 75mm less than 50cm, soil salt is by the heavily salted soil of original 23.89mg/kg soil, and salinity drops to 6.54-7.76mg/kg soil, and soil salt reduces by 67.52～72.62%, become light moderate salinization soil partially, improved effect is obvious.
The checking of planting effect of the present invention:
Improve the soil and plant cotton with this method in the Xinhe County in Xinjiang in 2006, yield per unit of lint is by original 300/hm
2Bring up to 1020kg/hm
2, volume increase 240.0%; Yield per unit of lint reached 1305kg/hm in 2007
2, volume increase 335.0% before the improvement; Gined cottons in 2008 but produce 1470kg/hm
2, volume increase 390% before the improvement.Increased production gined cotton 289500kg in 3 years altogether, by 15.0 yuan/kg of the average procurement price of gined cotton in 2008, volume increase is worth 434.25 ten thousand yuan altogether.If per hectare improvement cost is by 900 yuan of calculating, 100hm
2Invest 9.0 ten thousand yuan, had a net increase of 425.25 ten thousand yuan of the output values in 3 years.The plantation wheat, per unit area yield is near 4500kg/hm then
2
The present invention researchs and analyses by on-the-spot investigation and soil body profile pattern, the appearance position of having illustrated soil body configuration impermeable stratum and topsoil physicochemical character to salt accumulation and discharge the soil body influence conclusion in, at fluid-tight argillic horizon and sand bed coexistence in the soil body, and go up the sticking reality of husky special soil body configuration down, adopt the method for chiselling earth, break argillic horizon, make up the drain ditch, the salt alkaloid substance that makes the farmland irrigating water carry argillic horizon is discharged by layer of sand; This method simply, effectively and reasonably, workable, reached the technique effect of alkaline land improving, show technological progress.
Description of drawings
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is further described.
Accompanying drawing is an improving kaline soil by layered drainage method principle schematic of the present invention;
Shown in the accompanying drawing:
The 1-spacing distance
The 2-drain ditch
The 3-impervious clay blanket
The 4-layer of sand
The 5-water salt direction of motion
As figure, shown in: the present invention's spacing distance 1 in the farmland is implemented farming, adopts the chiselling layer to set up the method in drain ditch 2, breaks argillic horizon 3, and the salt alkaloid substance that makes the farmland irrigating water carry argillic horizon 3 is discharged by layer of sand 4; The test effect that the water salt direction of motion 5 has been expressed soil drainage.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Improve 100hm with this method continuously in the period of the 2006-2008
2Saliferous no longer cultivated contracted field, plant cotton.Trench digging spacing 50cm, chiselling earth 35cm breaks argillic horizon, makes up the drain ditch, when making the farmland irrigating water pass through the sand bed of the following 20cm of 35cm, carries the salt alkaloid substance and discharges; Behind the chiselling earth, adopt 150mm water to irrigate the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, irritate 75mm again before the next year sowing and broadcast preceding water; With average per hectare improvement cost is 900 yuan of calculating, 100hm
2Invest 9.0 ten thousand yuan, had a net increase of 425.25 ten thousand yuan of the output values in 3 years.
Embodiment 2
The 100hm that improves with this method continuously in the period of the 2006-2007
2The salination wasteland, the plantation wheat.Implement the trench digging test of spacing 60cm, plough mellow soil 40cm deeply, break argillic horizon, make up the drain ditch, when making the farmland irrigating water pass through the sand bed of the following 20cm of 40cm, carry the salt alkaloid substance and discharge; Behind the chiselling earth, adopt 130mm water to irrigate the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, sow winter wheat then, remarkably productive, yield of wheat is near 4500kg/hm
2
Claims (5)
1. the method for an improving kaline soil by layered drainage, it is characterized in that: at fluid-tight argillic horizon and sand bed coexistence in the soil body, and go up the sticking saline land of husky soil configuration down, its measure is the method that spacing 40-60cm adopts chiselling earth 35-45cm in the farmland, break argillic horizon, make up the drain ditch, when making the farmland irrigating water pass through the sand bed of the following 20cm of 35cm, carry the salt alkaloid substance and enter drainage system.
2. the method for improving kaline soil by layered drainage according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the 10-11 month that annual best water discharge time is winter slack.
3. the method for improving kaline soil by layered drainage according to claim 1 is characterized in that: behind the chiselling earth, adopt 100-150mm water to irrigate the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, irritate 35-75mm again before the next year sowing and broadcast preceding water, better effects if.
4. the method for improving kaline soil by layered drainage according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: craft of chiselling earth or mechanical cultivation all can.
5. the method for improving kaline soil by layered drainage according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the soil suitable planting cotton after the improvement or other crop.
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| CN102077715B (en) * | 2011-02-17 | 2012-02-01 | 山东大学 | Method for improving severe saline-alkali soil by using open trench and hidden filler layer |
| CN102640653A (en) * | 2012-05-10 | 2012-08-22 | 山东省农业科学院高新技术研究中心 | Method utilizing coastal saline soil of Yellow River Delta to grow peanuts |
| CN102699016A (en) * | 2012-06-15 | 2012-10-03 | 中国科学新疆生态与地理研究所 | Method for eliminating salt stains in new-cultivating farmland of salted desert |
| CN102728609A (en) * | 2012-07-12 | 2012-10-17 | 武汉致衡环境安全工程技术有限公司 | Contaminated soil organized seepage in situ forced purification method |
| CN103959952B (en) * | 2014-05-07 | 2016-01-06 | 河海大学 | A kind of method of fast preventing soil in protected field continuous cropping obstacle |
| CN104081906A (en) * | 2014-07-18 | 2014-10-08 | 句容市茅山茶场 | Soil waterlogging removing method |
| CN104221522B (en) * | 2014-08-21 | 2016-05-04 | 山东无棣金土地开发建设有限公司 | A kind of modification method of discarded salt pan |
| CN104429208B (en) * | 2014-11-06 | 2016-05-18 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | The method of the waterproof haftplatte layer of a kind of mechanical breaking deep soil |
| US9840835B2 (en) | 2015-03-04 | 2017-12-12 | Bahman Niroumand | Temporary drainage wells in loose granular soils |
| CN105432177B (en) * | 2015-12-04 | 2017-12-08 | 江苏津启沿海生态环境研发有限公司 | The quick administering method of coastal saline-alkali beach |
| CN106069500A (en) * | 2016-06-21 | 2016-11-09 | 中国石油新疆油田分公司造林减排作业区 | A kind of black Fructus Lycii artificial method for planting in the saline and alkaline soil of arid |
| CN112359856A (en) * | 2020-11-05 | 2021-02-12 | 潍坊弘润新材料有限公司 | Gravity flow method hydraulic filling type foundation treatment construction process |
| CN112640759B (en) * | 2020-12-07 | 2023-08-18 | 内蒙古蒙草土壤科技有限责任公司 | Method for improving secondary saline-alkali soil and restoring grassland ecology by sand column |
| CN114402734A (en) * | 2022-03-09 | 2022-04-29 | 新疆水利水电科学研究院 | Water-saving and salt-controlling method for interlayer soil of heavy saline-alkali soil |
| CN114708242B (en) * | 2022-04-14 | 2023-01-06 | 自然资源部国土整治中心 | Method and device for breaking impervious layer of saline-alkali soil to realize salt and alkali discharge |
| CN116368984B (en) * | 2023-04-10 | 2023-11-10 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Method for cooperatively solving water shortage and salinization of oasis irrigation in arid region |
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