CN101600717B - 2-哌嗪-1-基-3h-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶衍生物 - Google Patents
2-哌嗪-1-基-3h-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶衍生物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101600717B CN101600717B CN2008800019424A CN200880001942A CN101600717B CN 101600717 B CN101600717 B CN 101600717B CN 2008800019424 A CN2008800019424 A CN 2008800019424A CN 200880001942 A CN200880001942 A CN 200880001942A CN 101600717 B CN101600717 B CN 101600717B
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Abstract
本发明涉及具有基底松弛活性的新的式(I)化合物。本发明进一步涉及制备这种化合物的方法、包含所述化合物的药物组合物以及所述化合物作为药物的用途。
Description
本发明涉及具有基底松弛活性的新的式(I)化合物。本发明进一步涉及制备这种化合物的方法、包含所述化合物的药物组合物以及所述化合物作为药物的用途。
EP-A-0,079,545公开了具有抗组胺活性的哌嗪基取代的苯并咪唑衍生物。EP-0,397,613公开了具有抗组胺活性的氨基咪唑并吡啶,EP-0,512,939公开了2-哌嗪基苯并咪唑衍生物作为血清素5HT3受体的拮抗剂。EP-1,250,337公开了取代的高哌啶基苯并咪唑类似物作为基底松弛剂。
本发明涉及式(I)的化合物
包括其任何立体化学的异构形式,
其中
R1是氢,苯基甲基,吡啶基甲基或苯并[1,3]二氧杂环戊烯基甲基;
R2是C1-4烷基;
R3是氢,卤素或C1-4烷基;
R4是氢,卤素或C1-4烷基;和
R5是氢,氨基,C1-4烷基氨基或二(C1-4烷基)氨基;
或其可药用酸加成盐或其溶剂化物。
在前述定义中所使用的:
-卤素是氟、氯、溴和碘的通称;
-C1-4烷基定义了具有1至4个碳原子的直链和支链饱和烃原子团,例如,甲基,乙基,丙基,丁基,1-甲基乙基,2-甲基丙基等等。
上文使用的术语“立体化学的异构形式”定义了式(I)化合物可以 具有的所有可能的异构形式。除非另作说明或指明,化合物的化学名称表示所有可能的立体化学异构形式的混合物,所述混合物包括基础分子结构的所有非对映体和对映体。更尤其是,立构中心可以具有R-或S-构型;在二价环状(部分)饱和原子团上的取代基可以具有顺式或反式构型。显而易见地,式(I)化合物的立体化学异构形式包括在本发明范围内。
使用众所周知的方法,例如X射线衍射,本领域技术人员可以容易地确定式(I)化合物和在其制备中使用的中间体的绝对立体化学构型。
此外,一些式(I)化合物和在其制备中使用的一些中间体可以显示多晶型。可以理解,本发明包括具有上文所提到病症的治疗性能的任何多晶形式。
在上文提及的可药用酸加成盐包括式(I)化合物能够形成的治疗活性的无毒酸加成盐形式。通过用合适的酸处理碱,可以方便地获得这些可药用酸加成盐。合适的酸包括例如无机酸,例如氢卤酸例如盐酸或氢溴酸,硫酸,硝酸,磷酸等等酸;或有机酸例如乙酸,丙酸,羟基乙酸,乳酸,焦葡萄酸,草酸(即乙二酸),丙二酸,琥珀酸(即丁二酸),马来酸,富马酸,苹果酸,酒石酸,柠檬酸,甲磺酸,乙磺酸,苯磺酸,对甲苯磺酸,环己烷氨基磺酸,水杨酸,对氨基水杨酸,双羟萘酸等等酸。
反之,通过用合适的碱处理,所述盐形式可以转化为游离碱形式。
式(I)的化合物可以存在未溶剂化的和溶剂化形式。本文使用术语′溶剂化物′来描述包括本发明化合物和一或多种可药用溶剂分子例如水或乙醇的分子缔合现象。当所述溶剂是水时,使用术语′水合物′。
值得注意的式(I)化合物是其中施加一个或多个下列限制的那些式(I)化合物:
a)R1是苯基甲基;或
b)R1是吡啶基甲基;或
c)R1是氢;或
d)R2是甲基;或
e)R3、R4和R5是氢。
用式(III)的中间体将式(II)的中间体N-烷基化,通常可以制备式(I) 的化合物
在式(III)和在下文中,W表示合适的离去基团,例如卤素,例如氯、溴等等;或磺酰氧基基团,例如甲磺酰氧基、4-甲苯磺酰氧基等等。
所述N-烷基化反应可以方便地在反应惰性溶剂中进行,例如芳烃,例如苯、甲苯、二甲苯等等;烷醇,例如甲醇、乙醇、1-丁醇等等;酮,例如丙酮、4-甲基-2-戊酮等等;醚,例如四氢呋喃、1,4-二噁烷、1,1′-氧代二乙烷等等;偶极非质子溶剂,例如N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、二甲亚砜、硝基苯、1-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮等等;或这种溶剂的混合物。可以加入合适的碱,以吸收反应期间释放出的酸,合适的碱例如碱金属或碱土金属碳酸盐,碳酸氢盐,醇化物,氢化物,酰胺,氢氧化物或氧化物,例如,碳酸钠,碳酸氢钠,碳酸钾,甲醇钠,乙醇钠,叔丁醇钾,氢化钠,氨基钠,氢氧化钠,碳酸钙,氢氧化钙,氧化钙等等;或有机碱,例如胺,例如,N,N-二乙基乙胺,N-(1-甲基乙基)-2-丙胺,4-乙基吗啉,吡啶等等。在有些情况下,加入碘盐(优选碱金属碘化物)是合适的。稍微升高温度并且搅拌可以提高反应速度。或者,所述N-烷基化可以应用本领域已知的相转移催化反应条件来进行。
式(I)的化合物还可以如下制备:用式(IV)的中间体将式(I-a)的化合物N-烷基化,其中将R1′定义为非氢的原子团R1。
在式(IV)和在下文中,W表示合适的离去基团,例如卤素,例如氯、 溴等等;或磺酰氧基基团,例如甲磺酰氧基、4-甲苯磺酰氧基等等。所述N-烷基化反应可以方便地如上所述进行。
式(I-a)的化合物(定义为其中R1表示氢的式(I)化合物)可以如下制备:在合适催化剂例如碳载钯的存在下,将式(I-b)的化合物(定义为其中R1表示苯基甲基的式(I)化合物)氢化。
式(III)的中间体是已知的,例如2-氯-3-乙基-3H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶(Bollettino Chimico Farmaceutico(1970),109,(11),665-73),或按照实施例A.1、A.2、A3、A.4、A.5和A.6中列出的方法制备。
在上文所描述方法中制备的式(I)化合物可以以对映体的外消旋混合物形式合成,其可以按照本领域已知的拆分方法互相分离。通过与合适手性酸反应,以外消旋形式获得的那些式(I)化合物可以转变为相应的非对映体盐形式。随后分离所述非对映体的盐形式,例如,通过选择性或分级结晶,用碱将对映体从其中释放出。分离式(I)化合物的对映体形式的替代性方法包括使用手性固定相的液相色谱。所述纯立体化学异构形式还可以源自于合适起始原料的纯立体化学异构形式,条件是,反应存在立体化学专一性。优选,如果需要特定立体异构体,所述化合物可以通过立体特异性制备方法来合成。这些方法优选使用对映体纯的起始原料。
由于本发明化合物松驰基底的能力(如药理学实施例C.1中所说明),该目标化合物可用于治疗与妨碍或削弱基底松弛相关的病症,例如胃-食道回流、心口痛(包括阵发性心口痛、夜间心口痛和膳食诱导的心口痛)、消化不良、早饱症状、腹胀和厌食。
由于胃排空延迟、食品摄入的基底的松弛度削弱或对胃松弛的超敏反应,可能引起消化不良。消化不良症状是例如食欲缺乏、饱胀感、早饱症状、恶心、呕吐、腹胀和胀气打嗝。
由于胃排空延迟而患有消化不良症状的恒温动物(包括人)(本文通 常称为患者)通常具有正常的基底松弛度,并且通过给予促进肠胃蠕动药剂例如西沙必利,可以消除消化不良症状。
患者可能具有消化不良症状,但不具有紊乱的胃排空。他们的消化不良症状可以起因于过收缩的基底,在适应的基底松弛中引起适应性减弱和异常。消化不良症状还可以由基底对松弛的超敏反应所产生。
过收缩的基底引起胃的依从性减弱。“胃的依从性”可以用胃的容积与胃壁所施加压力的比例来表示。胃的依从性涉及胃的弹性,其是邻近胃的肌纤维的紧张性收缩的结果。通过施加可调节的紧张性收缩(胃的弹性),胃的这种邻近部分可以实现胃的贮存功能。
患有早饱症状的患者不能完成正常膳食,这是由于他们在完成所述正常膳食之前感觉到了饱。通常,当患者开始进食时,胃将会表现出适应性的松弛,即胃将变得松驰,以接受所摄取的食品。当胃的依从性受到妨碍时(引起基底的松弛削弱),这种适应性的松弛是不可能的。
考虑到式(I)化合物的应用,本发明还提供了治疗恒温动物包括人(本文通常称为患者)的方法,其患有对食品摄入削弱的基底松弛。从而为减轻患者诸如下列病症提供了治疗方法,这些病症例如胃-食道回流、心口痛(包括阵发性心口痛、夜间心口痛和膳食诱导的心口痛)、消化不良、早饱症状、腹胀和厌食。
因此,提供了式(I)化合物作为药物的用途,尤其是,提供了式(I)化合物用于制备药物的用途,该药物用于治疗与摄入食品削弱的基底松弛有关的病症,例如胃-食道回流、心口痛(包括阵发性心口痛、夜间心口痛和膳食诱导的心口痛)、消化不良、早饱症状、腹胀和厌食。设计了预防性和治疗性的治疗。
基底松弛削弱的症状还可以由于摄入化学物质而产生,例如选择性的5-羟色胺(Seretonine)再吸收抑制剂(SSRI′s),例如氟西汀,帕罗西汀,氟伏沙明,西酞普兰,舍曲林;或红霉素和红霉素类抗菌大环内酯,例如EM-523,EM-574,ABT-229,GM-611,(8R)-4″-脱氧-6,9-环氧红霉素A,(8S)-4″-脱氧-6,9-环氧红霉素A,A-81648,A-173508,A-182061和KC-11458。
另一种功能性胃肠机能紊乱是过敏性肠综合症,认为其特征之一与肠管对膨胀的超敏反应有关。因此,人们相信,利用具有基底松弛 性能的本发明化合物来调节所述超敏反应可以在患有IBS的患者中引起症状减轻。相应地,提供了式(I)化合物用于制备药物的用途,该药物用于治疗IBS(过敏性肠综合症)。此外,式(I)的化合物还能降低与胃肠超敏反应有关的疼痛。
为了制备本发明的药物组合物,将作为活性组分的有效量的具体化合物(碱或酸加成盐形式)在与可药用载体的密切混合物中进行结合,根据所希望给予的制剂的形式,该载体可以采用多种形式。优选,这些药物组合物是单元剂型,优选,适合口服、直肠或肠胃外注入的形式给药。例如,在制备口服剂型的组合物过程中,可以使用任何常见的药物介质,例如在口服液体药剂例如悬浮液、浆液、酏剂和溶液等的情况下,使用水,乙二醇,油,醇等等;或在粉末、丸剂、胶囊和片剂的情况下,使用固体载体,例如淀粉,糖,高岭土,润滑剂,结合剂,崩解剂等等。由于片剂和胶囊容易给予,它们代表最有利的口服剂量单位形式,在这样的情况下,显而易见地使用固体药学载体。对于肠胃外组合物,载体通常包括无菌水,至少大部分,但还可以包括其它组分,例如,帮助溶解的组分。可以制备例如可注射溶液,其中载体包括盐溶液、葡糖溶液或盐水和葡糖溶液的混合物。在可以使用合适液体载体、悬浮剂等等的情况下,还可以制备可注射的悬浮液。在适合于透皮给药的组合物中,载体任选包括提高渗透的试剂和/或合适润湿剂,任选与任何性质的合适添加剂组合,添加剂占次要比例,添加剂不能对皮肤产生显著的有害影响。所述添加剂可以便于对皮肤给药,和/或可以帮助制备所需要的组合物。这些组合物可以以多种方式给予,例如,透皮贴片,滴剂,油膏。(I)的酸加成盐,由于它们比相应的碱形式具有提高的水溶性,它们明显更合适制备含水组合物。
特别有利的是,将上述药物组合物配制为剂量单位形式,以便于给药和剂量的均匀性。在本文的说明书和权利要求中使用的剂量单位形式是指适合作为单元剂量的物理离散单位,每个单位包含预定数量的、适于产生所需要的治疗效果的活性组分与所需药学载体。这种剂量单位形式的例子是片剂(包括刻痕或糖衣片剂),胶囊,丸剂,粉状品袋,薄片,可注射溶液或悬浮液,一茶匙容量,一汤匙容量等等,和其分隔的多次剂量形式。
对于口服给药,药物组合物可以采取固体剂量形式,例如片剂(吞 服和咀嚼形式),胶丸或胶囊,用可药用赋形剂通过常规方法制备,可药用赋形剂例如粘合剂(例如预胶化玉米淀粉,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮或羟丙基甲基纤维素);填料(例如乳糖,微晶纤维素或磷酸钙);润滑剂例如硬脂酸镁,滑石粉或硅胶);崩解剂(例如马铃薯淀粉或淀粉乙醇酸钠);或湿润剂(例如十二烷硫酸钠)。片剂可以利用本领域众所周知的方法进行涂渍。
口服的液体制剂可以采取例如溶液、浆液或悬浮液形式,或它们可以以干燥产物形式存在,在使用之前,与水或其它合适载体进行组合。这种液体药剂可以通过常规方法制备,任选与可药用添加剂一起制备,例如悬浮剂(例如山梨糖醇糖浆,甲基纤维素,羟基-丙基甲基纤维素或氢化食用脂肪);乳化剂(例如卵磷脂或阿拉伯胶);非水载体(例如杏仁油,油酯或乙醇);和防腐剂(例如对羟基苯甲酸甲酯或对羟基苯甲酸丙酯或山梨酸)。
优选,可药用甜味剂包括至少一种强烈的甜味剂,例如糖精,糖精钠或糖精钙,阿斯巴甜,双氧噁噻嗪钾,甜蜜素,天门冬酰丙氨酸酯,二氢查耳酮甜味剂,莫那灵,卡哈苡苷或三氯半乳蔗糖(4,1′,6′-三氯-4,1′,6′-三脱氧半乳蔗糖),优选糖精、糖精钠或糖精钙,和任选原液甜味剂例如山梨糖醇,甘露糖醇,果糖,蔗糖,麦芽糖,异麦芽糖醇,葡糖,氢化葡萄糖浆,木糖醇,焦糖或蜂蜜。
强烈的甜味剂可以方便地以低浓度使用。例如,在糖精钠的情况下,基于最终制剂的总体积,浓度可以在0.04%至0.1%(w/v)的范围,在低剂量制剂中,优选大约0.06%,在高剂量制剂中,浓度大约为0.08%。原液甜味剂可以有效地大量使用,范围大约10%至大约35%,优选大约10%至15%(w/v)。
在低剂量制剂中,可以屏蔽苦味组分的可药用调味剂优选果香香精,例如樱桃、覆盆子、红醋栗或草莓调味剂。两种调味剂的联用可以产生很好的效果。在高剂量制剂中,可能需要更强的调味剂,例如焦糖巧克力香精,薄荷凉爽调味剂,幻想调味剂等等可药用的烈性调味剂。各种调味剂可以存在于最终组合物中,浓度范围从0.05%至1%(w/v)。优选使用所述强烈调味剂的组合。优选,在酸性制剂的条件下,使用那些没有任何味道和颜色变化或损失的调味剂。
可以将本发明的化合物配制为肠胃外给药形式,用于注射,方便 地用于静脉内、肌内或皮下注射,例如通过快速浓注或连续静脉内输液。注射制剂可以以单位剂型提供,例如,在安瓿或在多剂量容器中,同时加入防腐剂。组合物可以采用在油或含水赋形剂中的悬浮液、溶液或乳液形式,并且可以包含调配试剂,例如等渗、悬浮、稳定和/或分散剂。或者,活性组分可以是可以在使用之前用合适赋形剂进行重新组成的粉末形式,例如无菌的无热原的水。
还可以将本发明的化合物配制为直肠用组合物的形式,例如栓剂或保留灌肠剂,例如包含常规栓剂基料例如可可脂或其它甘油酯。
由下文提供的试验结果,治疗与妨碍或削弱基底松弛相关的病症的那些人员可以容易地确定有效的日总量。通常,治疗有效剂量可以从0.001mg/kg至5mg/kg体重,更优选0.01mg/kg至0.5mg/kg体重。在整天的合适期间,可以用两个、三个、四个或更多个亚剂量来给予治疗有效剂量。可以将所述亚剂量配制为单位剂型,例如,每单位剂型包含0.1mg至350mg活性组分,尤其是1至200mg。
给药的确切剂量和频率取决于所使用的具体式(I)化合物、所治疗的具体病症、所治疗病症的严重程度、具体患者的年龄、体重和常规实际状况,以及患者可能正在摄取的其它药物,这对于本领域技术人员是众所周知的。此外,很明显,可以降低或提高所述有效日总量,这取决于所治疗患者的响应和/或取决于给本发明化合物开处方的医生的评价。因此,上文提及的有效日总量范围仅仅是指导性的。
根据给药模式,优选,药物组合物包含0.05至99%重量的活性组分,更优选0.1至70%重量,更加优选0.1至50%重量,并且包含1至99.95%重量的可药用载体,更优选30至99.9重量%,更加优选50至99.9重量%,所有的百分数基于全部组合物。
实验部分
在下文描述的方法中,使用下列缩写:‘DCM’代表二氯甲烷;‘DMF’是指N,N-二甲基甲酰胺;DIPE代表二异丙基醚。对于一些化学试剂,使用化学式,例如CH2Cl2代表二氯甲烷;NH4OH是指氢氧化铵,CH3OH是指甲醇,K2CO3是指碳酸钾;MgSO4是指硫酸镁。
A.中间体的合成
实施例A.1
在5℃,将3-己酮(1.627mol)和甲酸乙酯(1.79mol)慢慢地加入到甲醇钠(30%)(1.79mol)的二乙醚溶液(1500mL)中。在室温下搅拌混合物18小时(沉淀产生)。蒸发溶剂,直到干燥为止。该产物不用进一步纯化就可以使用,得到260g中间体(1)。
将中间体(1)(1.732mol)、2-氰基乙酰胺(0.868mol)和哌啶乙酸盐(0.65mol)的混合物在水(1500mL)中搅拌且回流8小时。加入乙酸(200mL)。滤出沉淀,用水洗涤,干燥,得到85g(27%)产物。将一部分(3g)用2-丙酮和DIPE结晶。滤出沉淀,干燥,得到1.5g中间体(2)(mp.220℃)。
将中间体(2)的盐酸(1000mL)混合物进行搅拌,并回流6天,然后倾倒在冰上,用NH4OH碱化,用DCM提取。分离有机层,干燥(MgSO4),过滤,蒸发溶剂,得到31g残余物。将一部分(1g)用2-丙酮和DIPE的混合物结晶。滤出沉淀,干燥,得到0.3g中间体(3)(mp.101℃)。
在5℃,将硝酸(0.37mol)慢慢地加入到中间体(3)(0.185mol)的硫 酸(280mL)溶液中。在5℃搅拌混合物1小时,倾倒在冰上,用DCM提取。分离有机层,干燥(MgSO4),过滤,蒸发溶剂,得到25.6g残余物。将一部分(1g)用乙腈和DIPE结晶。滤出沉淀,干燥,得到0.5g中间体(4)(mp.218℃)。
中间体(5)的制备
在室温下,将三氯化磷(0.595mol)慢慢地加入到中间体(4)和N,N,N-三乙基苯甲基氯化铵(0.06mol)的乙腈(400mL)溶液中。在80℃将混合物搅拌8小时。蒸发溶剂。将残余物倾倒在冰上。将混合物用NH4OH碱化,并用DCM提取。分离有机层,干燥(MgSO4),过滤,蒸发溶剂。该产物不用进一步纯化就可以使用,得到26g中间体(5)。
在室温下,将中间体(5)(0.093mol)在甲胺/水溶液(40%)(100mL)中的混合物搅拌过夜,并倾倒入冰水中。滤出沉淀,用水洗涤,干燥,得到17g(87%)中间体(6)(mp.97℃)。
在室温下,在3大气压的氢气条件下,将中间体(6)(0.0812mol)和兰尼镍(20g)的混合物在甲醇(200mL)中搅拌2小时,然后用硅藻土过滤。用水洗涤硅藻土。蒸发滤液,直到干燥为止,得到14.5g中间体(7)。
将中间体(7)(0.082mol)和脲(0.089mol)的混合物在二甲苯(150mL)中搅拌并回流过夜,然后冷却至室温。过滤沉淀,用水洗涤,干燥。将残余物用硅胶柱色谱纯化(洗脱液:CH2Cl2/CH3OH/NH4OH 97/3/0.5;15-355μm)。收集纯馏份,蒸发溶剂。用乙腈/DIPE将残余物结晶。滤出沉淀,干燥,得到0.9g(5.5%)中间体(8)(mp.230℃)。
在100℃,将盐酸(2N)(2mL)非常慢地加入到中间体(8)(0.053mol)的三氯化磷(100mL)的混合物中。在120℃搅拌混合物过夜,然后冷却,蒸发溶剂。将残余物接纳在K2CO3水溶液(10%)中,用CH2Cl2/CH3OH(95/5)提取。分离有机层,干燥(MgSO4),过滤,蒸发溶剂,直到干燥为止,得到8.5g(72%)中间体(9)。
实施例A.2
在5℃,将2-甲基-3-戊酮(0.998mol)和甲酸乙酯(1.098mol)慢慢地加入到甲醇钠(30%)(1.098mol)的二乙醚(1000mL)溶液中。在室温下将混合物搅拌8小时。蒸发溶剂。该产物不用进一步纯化就可以使用,得到中间体(10)。
将中间体(10)(0.998mol)和2-氰基乙酰胺(0.998mol)加入到哌啶乙酸盐(0.749mol)的水(1000mL)溶液中。将混合物搅拌且回流8小时。加入乙酸(150mL)。滤出沉淀,用水洗涤,干燥,得到44g产物馏份(1)。将一部分所述馏份(1)(2g)用二乙醚结晶。滤出沉淀,干燥,得到1.3g 中间体(11)(mp.241℃)。
将中间体(11)(0.238mol)的盐酸(6N)(400mL)混合物搅拌并回流6天,然后倾倒在冰上,用NH4OH碱化。滤出沉淀,用水洗涤,干燥,得到馏份(1)。用CH2Cl2/CH3OH 90/10提取滤液。分离有机层,干燥(MgSO4),过滤,蒸发溶剂。将残余物与馏份(1)合并,得到33g产物。将一部分该产物(3g)用二乙醚结晶。滤出沉淀,干燥,得到2.6g中间体(12)(mp.197℃)。
在5℃,将硝酸(0.391mol)慢慢地加入到中间体(12)(0.198mol)的硫酸(300mL)溶液中,同时保持温度低于15℃。在5℃搅拌混合物1小时,并倾倒在冰上。滤出沉淀,用水洗涤,干燥,得到馏份(1)。用DCM提取滤液。分离有机层,干燥(MgSO4),过滤,蒸发溶剂。将残余物与馏份(1)合并,得到35g中间体(13)。
在室温下,将三氯化磷(0.505mol)慢慢地加入到中间体(13)(0.168mol)和N,N,N-三乙基苄基氯化铵(0.084mol)的乙腈(350mL)溶液中。在80℃将混合物搅拌8小时。蒸发溶剂,直到干燥为止。将残余物接纳在冰上。将混合物用NH4OH碱化,并用DCM提取。分离有机层,干燥(MgSO4),过滤,蒸发溶剂,得到37g中间体(14)。
在室温下,将甲醇钠(30%)(0.517mol)慢慢地加入到中间体(14)(0.172mol)的甲醇(350mL)溶液中。在室温下搅拌混合物8小时,倾倒在冰上,用DCM提取。分离有机层,干燥(MgSO4),过滤,蒸发溶剂,得到32g中间体(15)。
将中间体(15)(0.055mol)的甲胺(200mL)混合物在100℃搅拌48小时,然后冷却。加入冰。滤出沉淀,用水洗涤,干燥,得到11.45g中间体(16)。该产物可直接在下一个反应步骤中使用。
在室温下,在3巴氢气压的条件下,将中间体(16)(0.055mol)和兰尼镍(15g)的混合物在甲醇(150mL)中搅拌1小时,然后用硅藻土过滤。用水洗涤硅藻土。蒸发滤液,直到干燥为止,得到10g中间体(17)。
将中间体(17)(0.055mol)和脲(0.066mol)的混合物在二甲苯(100mL)中搅拌并回流过夜,然后冷却。滤出沉淀,用DIPE洗涤,干燥,得到7.5g中间体(18)。
将中间体(18)(0.0365mol)的三氯化磷(75mL)混合物在100℃搅拌。非常小心地逐滴加入盐酸(12N)(0.75mL)。将混合物在120℃搅拌过夜。蒸发溶剂,直到干燥为止。将残余物接纳在冰上,用K2CO3饱和,用CH2Cl2/CH3OH(95/5)提取。分离有机层,干燥(MgSO4),过滤,蒸发溶剂,直到干燥为止,得到9g中间体(19)。
实施例A.3
在60℃,将2-氯-4-甲氧基-3-硝基吡啶(0.0509mol)在甲胺/水混合物(40%)(100mL)中搅拌2小时,然后倾倒入冰水中。滤出沉淀,用水洗涤,干燥,得到9.1g中间体(20)(mp.156℃)。
在3巴氢气压的条件下,将中间体(20)(0.0764mol)和兰尼镍(15g)的混合物在甲醇(150mL)中搅拌2小时。用硅藻土过滤沉淀。蒸发滤液,直到干燥为止,得到10.8g中间体(21)。
在160℃,将中间体(21)(0.07mol)和脲(0.084mol)的混合物在二甲苯(100mL)中搅拌过夜,然后冷却到室温。过滤沉淀,用DIPE洗涤,干燥。将残余物用硅胶柱色谱纯化(洗脱液:CH2Cl2/CH3OH 93/7;15-35μm)。收集三个馏份,蒸发溶剂。将馏份(1)(0.6g)用乙腈/DIPE结晶。滤出沉淀,干燥,得到0.47g中间体(22)(mp.>260℃)。
中间体(23)的制备
将中间体(22)(0.028mol)的三氯化磷(100mL)混合物在100℃搅拌。慢慢地逐滴加入盐酸(12N)(2mL)。将混合物搅拌并回流过夜。蒸发溶剂,直到干燥为止。将残余物接纳在冰上,用10% K2CO3碱化,用CH2Cl2/CH3OH提取。分离有机层,干燥(MgSO4),过滤,蒸发溶剂,直到干燥为止,得到9.9g中间体(23)。
实施例A.4
将2-氯-5-乙基-6-甲基-3-硝基吡啶(0.0747mol)的甲胺(0.249mol)混合物在80℃搅拌过夜,并倾倒入冰水中。滤出沉淀,用水洗涤,干燥,得到15.2g中间体(24)(mp.124℃)。
在室温下,在3巴氢气压的条件下,将中间体(24)(0.046mol)和兰尼镍(10g)在甲醇(100ml)中的混合物氢化2小时。用硅藻土过滤除去兰尼镍。蒸发滤液,直到干燥为止,得到7.7g中间体(25)。
中间体(26)的制备
将中间体(25)(0.046mol)和脲(0.0552mol)的混合物在二甲苯(80mL)中搅拌并回流过夜,然后冷却至室温。过滤沉淀,用DIPE洗涤,干燥。将残余物用硅胶柱色谱纯化(洗脱液:CH2Cl2/CH3OH 96/4; 15-35μm)。收集两个馏份,蒸发溶剂。用乙腈/DIPE将残余物结晶。滤出沉淀,干燥,得到5.8g产物。用乙腈/DIPE将产物结晶。滤出沉淀,干燥,得到0.85g中间体(26)(mp.121℃)。
将中间体(26)(0.027mol)的三氯化磷(40mL)混合物在100℃搅拌。慢慢地加入盐酸(12N)(0.8ml)。将混合物搅拌并回流过夜,冷却,蒸发,直到干燥为止。将残余物接纳在冰水中,用K2CO3饱和,用CH2Cl2/CH3OH:95/5提取。分离有机层,干燥(MgSO4),过滤,蒸发溶剂,得到3.6g中间体(27)。
实施例A.5
将3-氨基-5-氯-2-甲基氨基吡啶(0.117mol)和脲(0.129mol)的混合物在二甲苯(150mL)中搅拌并回流过夜。蒸发溶剂,直到干燥为止。将残余物接纳在DCM中。分离有机层,用水洗涤,干燥(MgSO4),过滤,蒸发溶剂,直到干燥为止。将残余物用硅胶柱色谱纯化(洗脱液:CH2Cl2/CH3OH 98/2;15-35μm)。收集两个馏份,蒸发溶剂,得到0.5g馏份(1)和18g(86%)馏份(2)。将馏份(1)用2-丙酮/乙腈/DIPE结晶。滤出沉淀,干燥,得到0.4g中间体(28)。
将中间体(28)(0.098mol)的三氯化磷(180mL)混合物在100℃搅拌。非常小心地逐滴加入盐酸(12N)(2mL)。将混合物搅拌并回流过夜。蒸发溶剂,直到干燥为止。将残余物倾倒在冰上,用K2CO3饱和,用 CH2Cl2/CH3OH(95/5)提取。分离有机层,干燥(MgSO4),过滤,蒸发溶剂,直到干燥为止,得到12.5g中间体(29)。
实施例A.6
中间体(30)的制备
在100℃,将盐酸(1.5ml)非常小心地逐滴加入到1,3-二氢-3-异丙基-2H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶-2-酮(0.0846mol)的三氯化磷(150mL)混合物中。在120℃搅拌混合物过夜,蒸发溶剂,直到干燥为止。将残余物倾倒在冰上,用K2CO3饱和,用DCM提取。分离有机层,干燥(MgSO4),过滤,蒸发溶剂,直到干燥为止,得到14g中间体(30)。
B.最终化合物的制备
实施例B.1
将中间体(9)(0.038mol)和1-(苯基甲基)哌嗪(0.057mol)的混合物在120℃搅拌3小时,然后接纳在DCM中。过滤沉淀。蒸发滤液,直到干燥为止。将残余物(17g)用硅胶柱色谱纯化(洗脱液:CH2Cl2/CH3OH/NH4OH 95/5/0.1;15-35μm)。收集纯馏份,蒸发溶剂,得到1.3g残余物。用2-丙酮/乙腈/DIPE将残余物结晶。滤出沉淀,干燥,得到1.25g化合物(1)(mp.127℃)。
用中间体(23)替代中间体(9),类似地制备化合物(2)。
用中间体(30)替代中间体(9),类似地制备化合物(5)。
用中间体(19)替代中间体(9),类似地制备化合物(6)。
用2-氯-3-乙基-3H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶替代中间体(9),类似地制备化合物(7)。
用中间体(27)替代中间体(9),类似地制备化合物(8)。
用中间体(29)替代中间体(9),类似地制备化合物(13)。
实施例B.2
将2-氯-3-甲基-3H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶(0.0335mol)和1-(苯基甲基)哌嗪(0.0505mol)的混合物在120℃搅拌1小时。加入K2CO3水溶液(10%)和DCM的混合物。将混合物在室温下搅拌10分钟。分离有机层,用DCM冲洗,干燥(MgSO4),过滤,蒸发溶剂。将残余物(35g)用硅胶柱色谱纯化(洗脱液:CH2Cl2/CH3OH/NH4OH;96/3/0.1;15-35μm)。收集四个馏份,蒸发溶剂。将残余物用硅胶柱色谱纯化(洗脱液:CH2Cl2/CH3OH/NH4OH;98/2/0.1;15-40μm)。收集纯馏份,蒸发溶剂。用DIPE将残余物(1.5g)结晶。滤出沉淀,干燥,得到1g化合物(11)(mp.98℃)。
实施例B.3
将中间体(31)(0.005mol)、2-(氯甲基)盐酸吡啶(1∶1)(0.006mol)和N,N-二乙基乙胺(0.0253mol)的混合物在DMF(60mL)中、在40℃搅拌过夜。蒸发溶剂,直到干燥为止。将残余物接纳在DCM/CH3OH中。用K2CO3水溶液(10%)洗涤沉淀。分离有机层,干燥(MgSO4),过滤,蒸发溶剂,直到干燥为止。将残余物(2.3g)用硅胶柱色谱纯化(洗脱液:CH2Cl2/CH3OH/NH4OH;96/4/0.4;15-40μm),得到1.5g(96%)。将该馏份溶于2-丙醇/HCl 5N中,并转变为盐酸盐。滤出沉淀,干燥。用乙醇/DIPE将残余物结晶。滤出沉淀,干燥,得到1.7g化合物(3)(mp.182℃)。
实施例B.4
化合物(9)的制备
在氮气流中,将氰基三氢硼化钠(0.036mol)、然后乙酸(4mL)逐滴加入到化合物(2)(0.012mol)和甲醛(0.12mol)的乙腈(80mL)混合物中。将混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。加入乙酸(4mL)。在40℃搅拌混合物12小时,然后冷却至室温。加入K2CO3水溶液(10%)。用DCM提取混合物。分离有机层,干燥(MgSO4),过滤,蒸发溶剂,直到干燥为止。将残余物接纳在CH3OH(80mL)中。加入2-丙醇和HCl(5N)(10mL)。将混合物搅拌并回流过夜。蒸发溶剂,直到干燥为止。将残余物接纳在DCM中,用K2CO3水溶液(10%)洗涤。分离有机层,干燥(MgSO4),过滤,蒸发溶剂,直到干燥为止。将残余物(4g)用硅胶柱色谱纯化(洗脱液:CH2Cl2/CH3OH/NH4OH;97/3/0.1;15-40μm)。收集纯馏份,蒸发溶剂。用2-丙酮/乙腈/DIPE将残余物(3.1g)结晶。滤出沉淀,干燥,得到2.7g化合物(9)(mp.128℃)。
实施例B.5
将中间体(31)的盐酸盐(0.0046mol)、5-(氯-甲基)-1,3-苯并二氧杂环戊烯(0.005mol)和碳酸钾(0.007mol)的混合物在乙腈(80mL)中、在80℃搅拌4小时,蒸发溶剂。将残余物接纳在水和DCM的混合物中。分离有机层,干燥(MgSO4),过滤,蒸发溶剂。将残余物(2g)用硅胶柱色谱纯化(洗脱液:CH2Cl2/CH3OH/NH4OH;97/3/0.1;15-40μm)。收集纯馏份,蒸发溶剂。用2-丙酮/DIPE将残余物(0.95g)结晶。滤出沉淀,干燥,得到0.51g化合物(10)(mp.114℃)。
实施例B.6
在50℃,在5巴氢气压的条件下,将化合物(11)(0.0153mol)和钯/活性碳(1.4g)的混合物在甲醇(70ml)中搅拌12小时,然后冷却,用硅藻土过滤,用甲醇冲洗,浓缩。将残余物(8g)用硅胶柱色谱纯化(洗脱液:CH2Cl2/CH3OH/NH4OH;90/10/1;15-40μm)。收集纯馏份,蒸发溶剂,得到5g化合物(14)(mp.136℃)。
使用相同方法,分别由化合物(7)和(5)起始,制备化合物(15)和(16),然而,将柱色谱纯化步骤替代为:将残余物溶解在2-丙醇(用HCl饱和)中,以便获得所述化合物(15)和(16)的沉淀形式的盐酸加成盐。
表F-1列出了按照上述实施例之一所制备的化合物。术语“C2H2O4”代表乙二酸盐。
表F-1
C.药理学实施例
C.1.利用电子恒压器在神智清醒的狗中测定胃的弹性
胃的弹性不能用测压法测定。因此使用电子恒压器。这可以在神智清醒的狗中进行生理模型和胃弹性调节的研究,和试验化合物对这种弹性的影响的研究。
恒压器由空气喷射系统组成,空气喷射系统通过双内腔14-French聚乙烯管与超薄柔软的聚乙烯袋(最大容积:±700ml)连接。在保持恒压的条件下,通过记录胃袋内的空气体积变化,测定胃弹性的变化。在柔软的空气填充的袋(被引入到胃中)内,恒压器保持恒压(预先选择),利用电子反馈系统来改变袋内的空气体积。
由此,根据恒定胃内压力下的胃内体积的变化(分别减少或提高),恒压器可以测定胃的运动活动(收缩或松弛)。恒压器由应变计组成,应变计通过电子继电器与空气喷射-抽吸系统连接。应变计和喷射系统通过双内腔聚乙烯管与超薄的聚乙烯袋连接。恒压器中的刻度盘可以选 择胃内袋中所保持的压力水平。
训练雌性小猎犬(重量7-17kg),使其安静地站在Pavlov框架中。在全身麻醉和无菌防护下,使它们植入胃管。腹部正中剖腹手术之后,使切口在较大和较小曲线之间轴向穿过胃壁,在Latarjet神经的2cm上方。利用双荷包缝合将管固定到胃壁上,并通过左边胁部四分之一处的短伤口引出。使狗恢复两周。
在实验开始时,将管打开,以便除去任何残余的胃液或食品。如果需要的话,用40至50ml温水清洗胃。通过胃管,将恒压器的超薄袋设置在胃底上。为了确保在实验期间容易展开胃内袋,可以非常简单地通过把压力最大限度地提高至14毫米汞柱(约1.87kPa)而将150-200ml体积注入到袋中。这种方法重复两次。
在6毫米汞柱(大约0.81kPa)的胃内压力稳定60分钟之后,以2毫米汞柱(0.27kPa)的压力皮下或十二指肠内给予试验化合物。以0.63mg/kg s.c来筛选试验化合物,即测定胃体积的变化。如果在筛选过程期间试验化合物显示活性,试验其它剂量和途径。表C-1总结了I.D.给予试验化合物(0.63mg/kg)之后1小时的基底松弛的平均最大体积变化(ml)。
表C-1:
(*):以0.16mg/kg给药
以不同的浓度试验化合物(11),结果报道在下面的表C-2中,并与 WO-01/46189的化合物(74)相比较。两种化合物都是ID.给予的。
表C-2:
结构对比:
Claims (9)
1.式(I)的化合物:
其中
R1是氢,苯基甲基,吡啶基甲基或苯并[1,3]二氧杂环戊烯基甲基;
R2是C1-4烷基;
R3是氢,卤素或C1-4烷基;
R4是氢,卤素或C1-4烷基;和
R5是氢,氨基,C1-4烷基氨基或二(C1-4烷基)氨基;
或其可药用酸加成盐。
2.按照权利要求1所要求的化合物,其中R1是氢。
3.按照权利要求1所要求的化合物,其中R1是苯基甲基。
4.按照权利要求1至3的任一项所要求的化合物,其中R2是甲基。
5.按照权利要求1所要求的化合物,其中所述化合物是2-(4-苄基-哌嗪-1-基)-3-甲基-3H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶,或其可药用酸加成盐。
6.药物组合物,其包含可药用载体和治疗活性数量的按照权利要求1至5的任一项的化合物。
7.制备按照权利要求6的药物组合物的方法,其中治疗活性数量的按照权利要求1至5的任一项的化合物与可药用载体密切混合。
8.权利要求1至5的任一项所要求的化合物用于制备药物的用途,该药物用于治疗胃-食道回流、胃灼热、消化不良、早饱症状、腹胀和厌食。
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EP0512939A1 (en) * | 1991-05-10 | 1992-11-11 | Fabrica Espanola De Productos Quimicos Y Farmaceuticos, S.A. (Faes) | New 2-piperazinylbenzimidazole derivatives |
WO2001037824A1 (en) * | 1999-11-23 | 2001-05-31 | Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V. | Use of 5ht3 agonists for relaxing the fundus |
WO2001046189A1 (en) * | 1999-12-21 | 2001-06-28 | Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V. | Substituted homopiperidinyl benzimidazole analogues as fundic relaxants |
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EP0512939A1 (en) * | 1991-05-10 | 1992-11-11 | Fabrica Espanola De Productos Quimicos Y Farmaceuticos, S.A. (Faes) | New 2-piperazinylbenzimidazole derivatives |
WO2001037824A1 (en) * | 1999-11-23 | 2001-05-31 | Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V. | Use of 5ht3 agonists for relaxing the fundus |
WO2001046189A1 (en) * | 1999-12-21 | 2001-06-28 | Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V. | Substituted homopiperidinyl benzimidazole analogues as fundic relaxants |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
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"B.最终化合物的制备"部分,"C.药理实例"部分 |
权利要求1-10. |
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