CN101600455A - 预防性结核疫苗 - Google Patents
预防性结核疫苗 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及含结核分枝杆菌复合群(MTB-C)毒力株细胞壁片段的免疫治疗剂在制备预防性治疗结核的药物中的用途,其中所述试剂通过包含以下步骤的方法获得:培养所述MTB-C毒力株等于或大于3周,以及随后在非离子表面活性剂的存在下匀浆该细胞培养物。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及基于结核分枝杆菌复合群(complex)毒力株细胞壁片段的免疫治疗剂在制备预防性治疗结核的药物中的应用。
背景技术
结核是由结核分枝杆菌复合群(MTB-C)菌引起的一种慢性感染性疾病,所述结核分枝杆菌复合群目前包括结核分枝杆菌(M.tuberculosis)、牛分支杆菌(M.Bovis)、田鼠分支杆菌(M.microti)和非洲分支杆菌(M.africanum)。
根据世界卫生组织,世界范围内每年记录感染该疾病的新增病例约为8,000,000例,约3,000,000人死亡。认为世界范围内现有超过2,000,000,000的人感染,每年产生新的感染数约为9千万-1亿。
现有用于预防治疗结核的疫苗是基于菌株BCG(卡介苗)的,其是牛分支杆菌的一种减毒变体。
现有技术中描述了多种基于分枝杆菌属毒力株或无毒力株的细胞壁片段的抗结核疫苗。还描述了用于该疫苗组合物中的佐剂显著地影响其效果。
E.Ribi等,Nature 1963,198,1214-1215页描述了使用包含无毒力BCG株的细胞壁片段和矿物油的组合物进行的免疫测定。所述片段通过在矿物油中匀浆所述菌株的培养物获得。该组合物比传统的疫苗(BCG(更为有效。然而,在同一篇文章中提到在水中并且不存在矿物油的条件下匀浆细胞壁时,其不能引起任何免疫反应。
D.P.Pal等,Indian J.Med.Res.1977,65,340-345页,描述了用H37Rv毒力株的细胞壁片段和矿物油制备的疫苗。在这种情况下,所述细胞壁片段通过将死细胞在水相中匀浆获得,随后向组合物中加入矿物油。其同样描述了该水相中的细胞壁片段是非免疫原性的,矿物油的存在对于疫苗的效力来说是必须的。
G. K.Khuller等,Folia Microbiol.,1992,37,407-412页,描述了用Freund不完全佐剂制备的结核分枝杆菌H37Ra无毒力株细胞壁的不同片段的保护效果,其同样包括了矿物油。
E.M.Agger等,Scand.J.Immunol.,2002,56,443-447页,描述了包含H37Rv毒力株的细胞壁片段的疫苗,当其包含阳离子表面活性剂二甲基双十八铵溴化物作为佐剂时是有效的。其同样描述了在鼠模型测定中,使用不含有所述佐剂的匀浆的结核分枝杆菌并不会产生抵抗结核的抗性水平。
I.M.Orme Vaccine,2006,24,2-19页(其为关于抗结核新疫苗的近期综述文章),描述了常规的BCG疫苗在抗成年人结核中基本上是无效的。在同一篇文章中还说明,对接受不同类型疫苗(蛋白亚单位疫苗、DNA疫苗、病毒组合疫苗、重组株疫苗)的若干个候选者进行了测试,并且预期了新的发展。
因此,需要一种预防性疫苗来预防由结核分枝杆菌引起的感染,其比基于减毒BCG株的当前疫苗更为有效。
发明目的
本发明的目的是包含MTB-C毒力株细胞壁片段的免疫治疗剂在制备预防性治疗由结核分枝杆菌引起的感染的药物中的用途。
发明详述
专利申请ES2231037-A1公开了一种制备包含结核分枝杆菌复合群(MTB-C)毒力株的细胞壁片段的免疫治疗剂的方法。其同样公开了含有该治疗剂的组合物以及其用于与其他药物联用治疗结核的治疗应用。
本发明人发现了所述免疫治疗剂在制备预防性治疗结核的药物中的用途。
因此,本发明的目的在于包含结核分枝杆菌复合群(MTB-C)毒力株细胞壁片段的免疫治疗剂在制备预防性治疗结核的药物中的用途,其中所述治疗剂通过包含下述步骤的方法获得:
-培养MTB-C毒力株等于或大于3周,随后
-在非离子表面活性剂的存在下匀浆细胞培养物。
所述毒力株可以是MTB-C的任何毒力株。本领域研究人员最常用的毒力株之一被称为H37Rv,其可以在国家标准菌库(National Collection ofType Culture)(NCTC),伦敦,英国免费获得(保藏号NC007416)。
所述毒力株可以在本领域公知的培养基中接种培养,例如Middlebrook 7H10或7H11琼脂,Sauton培养基或Proskauer-Beck培养基。
在等于或大于3周的期间培养毒力株,优选包含3周至4周。培养的温度优选维持在34-38℃之间。
一旦培养结束,采用诸如专利申请ES223 1037-A1中描述的技术分离细胞。
活细胞的匀浆在非离子表面活性剂存在下,优选在中性pH(例如在pH6-8之间)缓冲介质中进行,例如由PBS缓冲液(磷酸盐缓冲液)提供。
通过该匀浆方法裂解MTB-C细胞,获得细胞壁小片段。
该匀浆方法中使用的非离子表面活性剂优选选自烷基酚乙氧基化物、山梨聚糖酯乙氧基化物及其混合物。
在匀浆步骤中,所述非离子表面活性剂的含量优选占匀浆物总重量的1%-10%重量,更优选在3%-6%重量之间。
通过常规处理分离含有细胞壁片段的匀浆物,并弃去非片段化细胞和可溶的成分。例如可应用如专利申请ES2231037-A1中描述的在不同速度下的离心和缓冲溶液的洗涤。所述纯化步骤后,获得含有细胞壁片段的沉淀物。将所述沉淀物分散于PBS缓冲液中,进行常规处理保证在片段化和纯化步骤后还可能保持活性的MTB-C细胞的完全失活。所述的处理可以是化学方法,例如用甲醛处理,或物理方法,例如通过高压灭菌或巴斯德灭菌处理的方法。
可以冻干灭活处理后在PBS缓冲液中的细胞壁片段的分散剂以利于存储。最后所述分散剂可分装至小瓶中,在-15至-25℃之间冻干,真空度为0.1-0.5mbar。
冻干步骤后获得的小瓶含有包含MTB-C细胞壁片段的免疫治疗剂,其通常储存在很低的温度下,例如-70℃。
如前所述,本发明的目的是包含MTB-C毒力株细胞壁片段的免疫治疗剂在制备预防性治疗结核的药物中的用途,即,在制备抗结核疫苗中的用途。
该预防性治疗结核的药物包含基于细胞壁片段的免疫治疗剂以及任选的可药用稀释剂、佐剂和/或赋形剂。所述药物可以是磷酸缓冲盐水、水溶液、乳剂或脂质体的形式。
该药物优选为脂质体的形式。
可采用常规辅助脂质和本领域技术人员公知的技术,例如在专利申请ES2231037-A1中公开的那些,来形成所述脂质体。
该脂质体通常包括带中性和/或阴性净电荷的磷脂,以及甾醇类。
所使用的磷脂可以是,例如磷脂酰胆碱、磷脂酰丝氨酸和磷脂酰肌醇。
所述脂质体的主要成分通常为磷脂酰胆碱,其可以合成或从天然来源分离。常用的商业产品是从大豆衍生的卵磷脂,其为包括磷脂酰胆碱在内的复杂的磷脂混合物。
用于制备脂质体的甾醇类可以是胆固醇和胆盐。
所述脂质体优选采用大豆衍生的卵磷脂和胆酸钠的混合物形成。
该脂质体任选的含有改善其稳定性的添加剂,例如维生素E,其作为脂质抗氧化剂起作用。
获得的脂质体通常具有这样的大小分布:99.9%小于1微米。
所述脂质体可进行冻干,以获得冻干脂质体形式的免疫治疗剂。
该药物可以作为单剂或多剂的形式以一定的时间间隔重复施用,优选的两次给药间隔2-5周,优选间隔3-4周。
该药物可以经粘膜给药,例如,经眼、鼻内、口腔、胃、肠道、阴道或尿道粘膜,或胃肠外给药,例如经皮下、皮内、肌内、静脉或腹膜内。优选胃肠外给药。
合适的剂量依赖于若干个参数,包括给药的方法和所治疗的对象,但优选的剂量是1μg至1000μg之间,更优选为25-700μg,更优选为50-200μg。
所述包含MTB-C毒力株细胞壁片段的药物可与其它结核的预防性疫苗联合施用,例如在S.H.E.Kaufmann,Nature Rev.Immunol.2006,6,699-704中提到的那些,例如诸如BCG疫苗、亚单位疫苗或重组BCG疫苗。
所述疫苗的组合可同时施用,或间隔一定的时间分开接种两次完成。接种之间的时间甚至可以长达数年。
在分开接种的情况下,优选首先施用抗结核的预防性疫苗,而随后施用作为首次接种疫苗再刺激(增强)剂的包含MTB-C毒力株细胞壁片段的药物。
令人惊讶的发现,施用所述包含基于MTB-C毒力株细胞壁片段的免疫治疗剂的药物能够诱导Th1型干扰素γ产生针对结核分枝杆菌特异性抗原的应答。所述抗原包括Ag85B和Ag85A,其为Ag85复合物的一部分,该复合物由在细胞壁生物合成中起决定性作用的低分子量蛋白家族组成并且在细菌培养对数期大量产生。
已观察到传统的BCG疫苗不产生针对复合物Ag85抗原的免疫保护应答,其可能代表了较低的保护能力。
同样发现接种所述免疫治疗剂后用毒力株H37Rv感染的小鼠肺中的存活菌数目低于对照小鼠组中的存活菌数目,并且所述数目与接种常规BCG疫苗的小鼠中的情况相当。
以下实施例用于向本领域技术人员提供本发明特定实施方案的详细解释。
实施例1免疫治疗剂作为针对结核分枝杆菌引起感染的预防性疫苗的效果。
本例中使用的免疫治疗剂按照专利申请ES2231037-A1中实施例2描述的方法制备。
所述基于MTB-C毒力株细胞壁片段的免疫治疗剂的效果在6-8周龄且无特定病原体的C57BL/6型雌性小鼠中进行测定。
小鼠被分成3组,每组12只,按下述接种方案进行:
1)无接种(对照组),
2)在试验的第3周和第6周皮下接种两剂的专利申请ES2231037-A1实施例2中获得的285μg免疫治疗剂,
3)在试验第0周时皮下接种2×106菌落形成单位的BCG丹麦菌株(Statens血清研究所,丹麦)。
使用在Proskauer-Beck培养基中培养至对数中期的结核分枝杆菌的毒力株(H37RvPasteur)感染,将其以1ml的等分存储在-70℃下备用。
在试验的第9周将小鼠置于Middlebrook气雾剂感染仪中用所述毒力株的气雾剂感染,其在小鼠肺中提供了约10-50存活菌的接种物。
在动物被气雾剂感染后3周(试验的第12周)后,取肺匀浆的系列稀释液在Middlebrook7H11琼脂中于37℃下培养4周,测定肺中的存活菌数。肺在1ml双蒸水存在下匀浆。
表I的结果表示在肺中鉴定的每毫升菌落形成单位(CFU)的对数:
表I
小鼠组 | 疫苗 | Log10CFU/ml |
1 | 无(对照组) | 6.42±0.24 |
2 | 脂质体包裹的免疫治疗剂 | 5.72±0.30 |
3 | BCG | 5.71±0.58 |
未接种小鼠组和接种组结果之间的差异是统计学显著性的。
可以观察到,在接种脂质体包裹的免疫治疗剂的小鼠组中,检测到的肺部存活菌数低于未接种小鼠中的情况,与接种常规BCG疫苗的小鼠中的数目基本相同。
因此,接种基于MTB-C毒力株细胞壁片段的免疫治疗剂实现了对由结核分枝杆菌引起的感染的保护作用。
实施例2免疫治疗剂产生针对结核分枝杆菌引起感染的特异性Th1应答的有效性
本实施例中使用的免疫治疗剂按照专利申请ES2231037-A1中实施例2描述的方法制备。
所述基于MTB-C毒力株细胞壁片段的免疫治疗剂的有效性在6-8周龄且无特定病原体的C57BL/6型雌性小鼠中进行体外试验测定。
小鼠被分成4只一组,按下述接种方案进行:
1)在试验的第3周和第6周皮下接种盐水(对照组),
2)在试验的第3周和第6周皮下接种两剂专利申请ES223 1037-A1实施例2中获得的285μg免疫治疗剂,
3)在试验第0周时皮下接种2×106菌落形成单位的BCG丹麦菌株(Statens血清研究所,丹麦),在试验的第3和第6周接种盐水。
4)在试验第3周时皮下接种2×106菌落形成单位的结核分枝杆菌的毒力株(H37RvPasteur),在试验的第6周接种盐水。
小鼠在第7周处死,取其脾脏,浸泡在含有5ml L-谷氨酰胺-RPM1(Gibco)的试管中。试管保留在冰中直至试验结束。机械裂解脾脏,用直径70μm的尼龙筛过滤悬浮液,随后在300g下离心10分钟。沉淀物用15ml Tris和氯化铵的双蒸水溶液重构,对细胞进行裂解。8分钟后用20ml L-谷氨酰胺-RPM1洗涤,在300g下离心10分钟。
将获得的沉淀再悬浮于5ml L-谷氨酰胺-RPM1中,悬液用直径70μm的尼龙筛过滤。用Neubauer chamber计数细胞。
将来自小鼠脾脏的细胞以1×105细胞/孔的比例接种于培养皿中,用200μl由补充有灭活的胎牛血清、盘尼西林、链霉素、丙酮酸钠和2-巯基乙醇的L-谷胺酰胺-RPMI组成的完全培养基(CCM)或200μl补充结核分枝杆菌抗原(10μg/ml的抗原PPD)(statens血清研究所,丹麦)和5μg/ml的ESAT-6、Ag85A和Ag85B(Lionex Diagnostics and Therapeutics GmbH,德意志联邦共和国)的完全培养基(CCM)培养。
这些细胞在37℃下于5%的CO2气氛中孵育。96小时后,培养皿在300g下离心10分钟,收集它们每一个的上清液。
冷冻上清液,在所述状态保留至少24小时后,用双夹心ELISA技术采用对鼠干扰素γ特异性的单克隆抗体(Diaclone)分析干扰素γ成分。
表II显示了以log10pg/ml表示的平均干扰素γ浓度,其在每一组小鼠中针对结核分枝杆菌抗原而被诱导。
表II
(1)组2和组3之间的统计学显著差异
(2)组2和组4之间的统计学显著差异
(3)组3和组4之间的统计学显著差异
表II的结果显示,采用基于结核分枝杆菌毒力株细胞壁片段的脂质体包裹的免疫治疗剂接种2次能够诱导产生针对结核分枝杆菌特异性抗原的干扰素γ。这表示其诱导了Th1型保护性应答。
特别的,由接种针对抗原PPD、Ag85B和Ag85A的脂质体包裹的免疫治疗剂的小鼠组诱导的应答与接种结核分枝杆菌H37Rv毒力株的小鼠组的应答之间没有显著差异。所述应答比接种BCG菌株(常规疫苗)的小鼠组反应更好,因为后者仅诱导针对PPD而不针对Ag85B和Ag85A的应答。
只有接种所述毒力株的小鼠组能诱导针对抗原ESAT-6的应答。
因此,基于结核分枝杆菌毒力株细胞壁片段的免疫治疗剂能诱导针对结核分枝杆菌特异性抗原的Th1型保护性应答,表明其可有效用于预防由结核分枝杆菌引起的感染。
Claims (14)
1、包含结核分枝杆菌复合群(MTB-C)毒力株细胞壁片段的免疫治疗剂在制备预防性治疗结核的药物中的用途,其中所述治疗剂通过包含以下步骤的方法获得:
一培养所述MTB-C毒力株等于或大于3周的时间,以及随后
一在非离子表面活性剂的存在下匀浆该细胞培养物。
2、权利要求1的用途,其特征在于培养时间在3-4周之间。
3、权利要求1或2的用途,其特征在于所述非离子表面活性剂选自烷基酚乙氧基化物、山梨聚糖酯乙氧基化物及其混合物。
4、权利要求3的用途,其特征在于所述非离子表面活性剂选自辛基酚乙氧基化物。
5、权利要求4的用途,其特征在于所述非离子表面活性剂选自含有7-8摩尔环氧乙烷成分的辛基酚乙氧基化物。
6、权利要求1-5任一所述的用途,其特征在于匀浆在中性pH值的缓冲介质中进行。
7、权利要求1-6任一所述的用途,其特征在于所述方法进一步包括下列步骤:
-通过离心分离未片段化的细胞和溶解的成分,
-对细胞壁片段级分进行化学或物理处理,灭活最终含有的最终毒力株细胞,以及
-通过冻干的方法干燥获得的免疫治疗剂。
8、权利要求1-7任一所述的用途,其特征在于所述药物为脂质体的形式。
9、权利要求1-8任一所述的用途,其特征在于以单剂或多剂的形式施用所述药物。
10、权利要求9的用途,其特征在于以双剂的形式施用所述药物。
11、权利要求10的用途,其特征在于所述的双剂以2-5周的间隔分开施用。
12、权利要求1-11任一所述的用途,其特征在于与其它抗结核的预防性疫苗联合施用所述药物。
13、权利要求12的用途,其特征在于所述疫苗在时间上分开的两次接种中联合施用。
14、权利要求13的用途,其特征在于首先施用抗结核的预防性疫苗,随后施用包含MTB-C毒力株细胞壁片段的药物。
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AU6631298A (en) * | 1997-03-03 | 1998-09-22 | Adcock Ingram Limited | A composition comprising a carrier and a purified mycobacterial lipid cell-wall component and its use in the prevention, treatment and diagnosis of disease |
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CA2346218A1 (en) * | 1998-10-08 | 2000-04-20 | Statens Serum Institut | Tuberculosis vaccine and diagnostic reagents based on antigens from the mycobacterium tuberculosis cell |
RU2153354C1 (ru) * | 1999-03-31 | 2000-07-27 | Московский городской научно-практический центр борьбы с туберкулезом | Вакцина против туберкулеза |
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EP1351699A4 (en) * | 2000-12-08 | 2006-07-05 | Ying Dr Zhang | METHOD FOR IMPROVED DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF MYCOBACTERIAL INFECTIONS |
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BR0307262A (pt) * | 2002-01-29 | 2006-12-19 | Bakulesh Mafatlal Khamar | método de prover profilaxia para tuberculose em indivìduos hiv positivos |
CN1467221A (zh) * | 2002-07-14 | 2004-01-14 | 虹 王 | 结核杆菌cfp-10、esat-6与cd40l融合疫苗的制备及应用 |
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN107296793A (zh) * | 2011-01-04 | 2017-10-27 | 阿尔西维尔法尔玛公司 | 适于治疗或预防结核的脂质体制剂 |
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US20100068258A1 (en) | 2010-03-18 |
NZ576489A (en) | 2012-02-24 |
HK1138786A1 (en) | 2010-09-03 |
ES2307402A1 (es) | 2008-11-16 |
RU2009120522A (ru) | 2013-01-20 |
AU2007316091B2 (en) | 2013-06-27 |
IL198357A0 (en) | 2011-08-01 |
EP2090318B1 (en) | 2012-08-08 |
BRPI0715297B1 (pt) | 2019-01-29 |
MX2009004258A (es) | 2009-05-11 |
AU2007316091A1 (en) | 2008-05-08 |
JP2010508254A (ja) | 2010-03-18 |
PL2090318T3 (pl) | 2013-03-29 |
RU2526910C2 (ru) | 2014-08-27 |
UA104126C2 (ru) | 2014-01-10 |
CA2667965C (en) | 2016-08-23 |
CA2667965A1 (en) | 2008-08-05 |
US9289483B2 (en) | 2016-03-22 |
BRPI0715297A2 (pt) | 2015-02-03 |
ZA200902937B (en) | 2010-02-24 |
EP2090318A1 (en) | 2009-08-19 |
EP2090318A4 (en) | 2010-01-27 |
ES2307402B1 (es) | 2009-09-30 |
BRPI0715297B8 (pt) | 2021-05-25 |
DK2090318T3 (da) | 2012-11-19 |
ES2393007T3 (es) | 2012-12-17 |
IL198357A (en) | 2013-03-24 |
CN101600455B (zh) | 2013-08-07 |
KR20090087874A (ko) | 2009-08-18 |
PT2090318E (pt) | 2012-11-14 |
WO2008053055A1 (es) | 2008-05-08 |
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