CN101589638A - 为通信网络提供交互管理 - Google Patents

为通信网络提供交互管理 Download PDF

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CN101589638A
CN101589638A CNA2007800503028A CN200780050302A CN101589638A CN 101589638 A CN101589638 A CN 101589638A CN A2007800503028 A CNA2007800503028 A CN A2007800503028A CN 200780050302 A CN200780050302 A CN 200780050302A CN 101589638 A CN101589638 A CN 101589638A
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service
cscf
mobile node
network
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CN101589638B (zh
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R·盖赫
K·阿加瓦尔
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Cisco Technology Inc
Vihana Inc
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Starent Networks LLC
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
    • H04L47/10—Flow control; Congestion control
    • H04L47/12—Avoiding congestion; Recovering from congestion
    • H04L47/125—Avoiding congestion; Recovering from congestion by balancing the load, e.g. traffic engineering
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/02—Services making use of location information
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/38—Flow based routing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/72—Routing based on the source address
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/74—Address processing for routing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/74—Address processing for routing
    • H04L45/745—Address table lookup; Address filtering
    • H04L45/7453—Address table lookup; Address filtering using hashing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
    • H04L47/10—Flow control; Congestion control
    • H04L47/24—Traffic characterised by specific attributes, e.g. priority or QoS
    • H04L47/2483—Traffic characterised by specific attributes, e.g. priority or QoS involving identification of individual flows
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L65/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
    • H04L65/10—Architectures or entities
    • H04L65/1016—IP multimedia subsystem [IMS]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L65/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
    • H04L65/10—Architectures or entities
    • H04L65/102—Gateways
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L65/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
    • H04L65/10—Architectures or entities
    • H04L65/102—Gateways
    • H04L65/1023—Media gateways
    • H04L65/103—Media gateways in the network
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L65/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
    • H04L65/10—Architectures or entities
    • H04L65/1045—Proxies, e.g. for session initiation protocol [SIP]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L65/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
    • H04L65/10—Architectures or entities
    • H04L65/1046—Call controllers; Call servers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L65/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
    • H04L65/80—Responding to QoS
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/50—Network services
    • H04L67/52—Network services specially adapted for the location of the user terminal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L65/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
    • H04L65/1066—Session management
    • H04L65/1101—Session protocols
    • H04L65/1104—Session initiation protocol [SIP]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S707/00—Data processing: database and file management or data structures
    • Y10S707/912—Applications of a database
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S707/00—Data processing: database and file management or data structures
    • Y10S707/912—Applications of a database
    • Y10S707/913—Multimedia
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S707/00—Data processing: database and file management or data structures
    • Y10S707/912—Applications of a database
    • Y10S707/918—Location

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Abstract

公开了向通信网络中的网络设备提供交互管理的系统和方法。可以使用网关来实现IP多媒体子系统(IMS)和多媒体域(MMD)体系结构的分组流上的交互能力。通过诸如服务控制交互管理器(SCIM)的网关可以提供交互管理器和代理。SCIM可以是一层，并管理诸如移动节点之类的网络设备和应用程序服务器之间的交互，并可以提供网络设备的抽象。这可以允许网关在网络设备之间提供交互，并处理具有不同的能力的移动节点。

Description

为通信网络提供交互管理
对相关申请的交叉引用
[0001]本申请根据35U.S.C.§119(e)要求于2006年12月7日提出的标题为“Apparatus and Method for Providing a Call SessionControl Function”的美国临时专利申请的优先权，在此全文引用了该申请作为参考。
技术领域
[0002]本发明涉及用于在通信网络中的网络设备之间提供交互管理的系统和方法。
背景技术
[0003]无线通信系统和网络与许多应用一起使用，包括，例如，卫星通信系统、便携式数字助理(PDA)、笔记本电脑，以及蜂窝电话。这样的应用的用户获得的一个显著的优点是能够连接到网络(例如，因特网)，只要用户在这样的无线通信系统的范围之内。
[0004]当前无线通信系统使用电路交换和分组交换中的任何一个或者两者的组合，以便向移动节点提供移动数据服务。移动节点可以是手机、PDA、蓝莓、带有无线网卡的笔记本电脑，或任何其他无线设备。一般而言，利用基于电路的方法，无线数据使用物理交换通路，通过数据的发送方和接收方之间的专用的(和不中断的)连接来进行传输的。一旦建立了直接连接，只要发送方和接收方有数据要交换，它就一直保持。建立这样的直接而专用的交换通路导致网络资源的固定份额一直被捆绑，直到连接被关闭。当不再需要发送方和接收方之间的物理连接时，它就被断开，网络资源根据需要被分配给其他用户。
[0005]另一方面，基于分组的方法，不会永久地向给定呼叫分配传输资源，并且不要求在数据的发送方和接收方之间建立和拆卸物理连接。一般而言，基于分组的方法中的数据流是“分组化的”，其中，数据被分成单独的信息段，每一段都接收“标头”信息，该信息可以提供，例如，源信息、目的地信息、关于分组中的比特的数量的信息，优先级信息，以及安全信息。然后，分组被基于标头信息独立地路由到目的地。分组流可以包括许多分组或单个分组。可以向分组流应用服务，如合法的截取(搭线)、虚拟专用网络(VPN)，以及防火墙。
[0006]基于分组的通信的发展的一部分是开发了IP多媒体子系统(IMS)。IMS是用于向移动节点提供因特网协议(IP)多媒体的体系结构框架。呼叫会话控制功能(CSCF)可以管理在IMS核心中产生的许多信令。CSCF功能可以在逻辑上被分成三个功能：代理-CSCF(P-CSCF)、查询CSCF(I-CSCF)，以及服务CSCF(S-CSCF)。另外，CSCF功能是为了包括在两个不同的拓扑中而由两个不同的组构想的：全球移动通信系统(GSM)和CDMA 2000。第三代合作伙伴计划(3GPP)负责处理GSM系统，第三代合作伙伴计划2(3GPP2)负责和CDMA系统一起使用的并基于3GPPIMS概念的多媒体域(MMD)。当前IMS标准给应用程序服务器施加了管理请求内容和服务的移动节点和在某些特定的参数内进行通信的大量的职责。随着快速的发展，有许多具有不同能力的移动节点以及许多带有不同能力的应用程序服务器，所有应用程序服务器可能不完全兼容IMS。
发明内容
[0007]公开了在通信网络中的网络设备之间提供交互管理的系统和方法。在某些实施例中，通信网络中的网关包括：驻留在网关中的服务控制交互管理器(SCIM)，用于提供通信网络中的服务管理和交互管理，与SCIM进行通信并驻留在网关中的呼叫会话控制功能(CSCF)，用于处理会话启动协议会话和交互，以及存储了用来判断服务变化的过滤条件以及触发器的计算机可读取的介质。
[0008]在某些实施例中，交互管理方法包括在通信网络中的网关接收消息，在服务控制交互管理器(SCIM)中分析网关中的消息，判断请求是否匹配更改提供到移动节点的服务的过滤条件，从SCIM向呼叫会话控制功能(CSCF)传送指令，确定在网关上执行的处理包括关于消息的在CSCF上的交互，其中，交互是在IP多媒体子系统(IMS)网络和不符合IMS的网络设备之间进行的，以及在网关从网络设备接收分组流，并处理所述分组流，以管理所述网络设备和通信网络之间的服务层面的交互。
附图说明
[0009]图1是显示了根据某些实施例的IP多媒体子系统(IMS)体系结构的方框图；
[0010]图2是显示了根据某些实施例的多媒体域(MMD)体系结构的方框图；
[0011]图3是显示了根据某些实施例的在网关上运行的模块的方框图；
[0012]图4是显示了根据某些实施例的提供交互管理的网关的方框图；
[0013]图5是显示了根据某些实施例的提供过滤器条件的流程图；
[0014]图6是显示了根据某些实施例的网关上的处理的流程图；
[0015]图7是显示了根据某些实施例的使来自非IMS域的呼叫交互的信令流；
[0016]图8是显示了根据某些实施例的使发往非IMS域的呼叫交互的信令流；以及
[0017]图9是显示了根据某些实施例的在网关内产生的服务交互管理的信令流。
具体实施方式
[0018]在某些实施例中说明了向通信网络中的网络设备提供交互管理的系统和方法。可以使用网关来实现IP多媒体子系统(IMS)和多媒体域(MMD)体系结构的分组流上的交互能力。可以通过硬件和软件的组合来提供交互管理器和代理。可以有一个或多个网络处理单元、线卡，以及分组和语音处理卡驻留在网关内。在某些实施例中，提供了服务控制交互管理器(SCIM)。在某些实施例中，SCIM可以是一层，并管理移动节点和应用程序服务器之间的交互，并可以提供网络设备的抽象。
[0019]SCIM可以，例如，向网络和一个或多个应用程序服务器提供一个或多个移动节点的抽象。这可以包括管理每一个移动节点的能力，并处理分组流或消息，以便应用程序服务器在提供服务和/或功能时不必考虑各种移动节点。当向移动节点提供功能时，SCIM也可以提供应用程序服务器的抽象。SCIM和服务呼叫会话控制功能(S-CSCF)可以管理应用程序服务器向移动节点提供功能和服务，并在应用程序服务器之间提供负载平衡。SCIM可以管理应用程序服务器之间的交互，例如，与PRESENCE服务器和日历服务器进行交互，管理在一天中的特定时间的出现。某些用户当他们在开会时可能需要封锁他们的出现。
[0020]图1显示了IP多媒体子系统(IMS)，显示了根据某些实施例的网络体系结构的逻辑组件。SCIM可以管理旧式设备和支持IMS的设备之间的交互。图1包括P-CSCF 110、I-CSCF 112、S-CSCF 114、归属用户服务器(HSS)116、用户位置功能(SLF)118、用户设备(UE)120、出口网关控制功能(BGCF)122、媒体网关控制功能(MGCF)124、媒体网关(MGW)126、公用交换电话网(PSTN)128、多媒体资源控制器(MRFC)130，以及多媒体资源功能处理器(MRFP)132。HSS 116是主用户数据库，该数据库支持处理呼叫、会话的S-CSCF或其他网络实体。HSS 116存储了诸如用户资料之类的与预订相关的信息，进行用户身份验证和授权，并可以提供有关用户的物理位置的信息。当在网络中使用了多个HSS时，可以使用SLF 118将查询定向到存储了信息的HSS 116。旧式信令网也可以使用HSS的服务。MRFC 130与S-CSCF 114进行通信，并控制MRFP 132实现与媒体相关的功能。MRFC 130和MRFP 132的组合提供归属网络中的媒体的源。BGCF 122是可以基于电话号码进行路由的服务器，当呼叫电路交换网上的电话时，可以使用它。使用MGCF 124和MGW 126来来自IMS的信令转换为适用于PSTN128电路交换网的信令。IP多媒体子系统网络可以包括应用程序服务器及向用户设备(或移动节点)120提供服务的其他网络实体。在某些实施例中，网关包括P-CSCF 110、I-CSCF 112、S-CSCF 114，以及其他逻辑功能，并与用户设备(或移动节点)120进行通信。
[0021]图2显示了较大的网络内的多媒体域(MMD)系统210。MMD系统210包括与图1的IMS系统的许多相同功能，但是，进一步包括与接入网络214进行通信的接入网关/外地代理212，以及向移动站218(或移动节点)提供移动IP支持的归属代理216。可以包括在IMS或MMD网络中的策略决策功能(PDF)存储了管理用户的会话的策略。可以在IMS或MMD网络中包括应用程序服务器。诸如开放系统体系结构(OSA)应用程序服务器222和SIP应用程序服务器224之类的应用程序服务器，提供诸如基于位置的服务、视频、电子邮件、聊天、游戏，及其他数据和多媒体内容之类的应用。
[0022]如图1和2所示，可以在IMS和MMD拓扑中包括许多功能。这些功能中的多个功能用于提供，例如，在IP上传送话音(VoIP)路由和增强的服务，如增强的收费、有状态的防火墙、流量性能优化(TPO)。在某些实施例中，这些功能中的一个或多个功能可以由网络中的诸如网关之类的单一实体提供。IMS和MMS拓扑也允许提供诸如VoIP、流式视频、流式音乐、多用户游戏、基于位置的服务之类的应用，以及提供给移动节点的各种内容。
[0023]图3显示了根据某些实施例的可用于在网关中实现交互管理的控制面体系结构。会话管理器310服务并处理用户设备/移动用户的用户会话数据流。会话管理器310包括诸如系统服务层312、呼叫处理层314，以及呼叫处理支持服务层316之类的功能层。在某些实施例中，SCIM可以是网关内的一个功能层。系统服务层312提供用于将指令传递到会话管理器和其他层的接口。可以提供命令行接口(CLI)318。可以使用网络处理单元320来提供分组流，并用于进行其他处理。呼叫处理层314包括服务代理/服务控制交互管理器(SCIM)322、CSCF核心324，该CSCF核心324包括I-CSCF326、P-CSCF 328，以及S-CSCF 330、统一消息映射接口332、应用程序334，以及SIP堆栈336。在某些实施例中，CSCF核心包括其中一个CSCF功能，例如，P-CSCF。呼叫处理支持服务层316包括各种服务，如路由和地址转换服务338、用户管理服务340、变化接口服务342、媒体接口服务344、QoS策略接口服务346、安全接口348，以及管理服务器接口350。
[0024]请看呼叫处理层314，此层包括信令协议和使用通用SIP作为应用程序编程接口(API)的呼叫控制。信令协议可以是SIP，也可以是诸如ISUP、MGCP或H.323之类的其他协议。此外，呼叫处理层314允许通过统一映射接口在SIP变体及其他协议之间进行交互。统一映射接口可以将协议特定的消息和参数转换为通用类似SIP API格式。在某些实施例中，使用类似SIP消息，因为SIP具有最大的消息集，并可以覆盖SIP和其他协议的可能的消息发送情况。呼叫处理层314也可以提供对不必由CSCF核心处理的数据的透明性(通过将该信息放入封套中)。不相关的参数可以放置在封套中，并保持不加修改。CSCF核心允许任何文本字符串，作为呼叫和被叫号码，号码不需要只限于E.164号码。号码可以是，例如，Address of Record(AoR)或任何带有域名的名称字符串。
[0025]多路分解器管理器352驻留在信号路由层354中，如图3所示。带有多路分解器管理器的信号路由层354可以确定将分组流发送到哪里进行处理。分组流可以发送到进程实例，以便进行进一步的处理和/或信号处理。可以使用多路分解器管理器来分析进入网关的分组流或流量。此分析可以包含分组嗅探、从分组标头中提取信息，对提取的信息进行分拣，深入的分组检查，以及对从一个或多个分组中获取的信息进行处理。由多路分解器管理器分析的消息可以包含可以被提取(或嗅探)的信息，如分配给移动节点的IP地址，网络访问标识符(NAI)、国际移动用户标识(IMSI)、移动用户标识(MSID)、关联-ID(对于CDMA实现方式)、用户数据记录(UDR)、事件数据记录(EDR)、呼叫站ID，和/或任何其他适用的信息。
[0026]服务控制交互管理器(SCIM)322可以是用于实施涉及设备功能和设备之间的交互的策略的功能层。旧式移动节点以前是针对提供服务的网络设计的。支持会话启动协议(SIP)的移动节点和下一代移动节点被设计为带有处理许多呼叫功能的能力而不是网络。这些呼叫功能可以包括呼叫转发、保留、转移、呼叫方ID屏蔽、呼叫等待，以及三方通话。还有通过网络控制的功能，如多端点交互服务(具有多个电话的用户可以取决于条件令一个号码在不同的位置震铃)，当用户的移动节点被关闭时的呼叫转移，“查找我/跟着我”服务，多方电话会议，以及地址簿管理。
[0027]SIP移动节点可以使与网络的交互复杂化，因为某些功能是由网络提供的，而还有些功能是由移动节点提供的。对于与SIP移动节点进行通信并使用将由SIP移动节点提供的功能的旧式移动节点也会存在问题。更多的移动节点可以分布在不同的接入网络中，并可以具有完全不同的功能集。例如，一个电话可以具有视频、语音，以及文本，而另一个电话只有语音和文本。此外，不同代(例如，2G、2.5G、3G)的移动节点也可以具有不同的能力。移动节点的抽象可以减轻应用程序服务器上的负担，并可以使应用程序服务器的编程更简单。SCIM可以给应用程序服务器呈现一个或多个移动节点，所有的移动节点都具有相同能力，SCIM处理任何修改，以将服务匹配到特定移动节点的能力。
[0028]在向移动节点提供服务时，SCIM与S-CSCF进行交互。S-CSCF可以在注册过程中从用户数据库(例如，HSS)中获取用户资料。此资料可以高速缓存在会话管理器中或CSCF核心中，作为注册寿命，并在接收到新的信息时更新。用户资料可以包括有关用户以及用户预订的任何服务的信息。适用于用户的服务的列表可以包括在初始过滤条件(IFC)中。初始过滤条件可以是基于各种匹配条件确定在呼叫处理过程中何时包括应用程序服务器的规则集。匹配条件可以在一个或多个服务点触发器(SPT)中进行定义。SCIM可以分析并提供有关对于用户执行的下一个IFC的信息，并在向网络中添加新的应用时允许添加一组新的触发器来更新当前IFC。SCIM还可以提供代理功能或一般基础架构，以在功能交互过程中执行和应用新的触发器。在某些实施例中，SCIM基于静态信息来执行IFC。在其他实施例中，SCIM基于诸如带宽要求和/或本地/对等节点拥塞之类的动态网络条件，执行IFC。
[0029]在某些实施例中，由SCIM所提供的IFC评估可以按如下方式发生。IFC可以包括标识何时启动、停止或修改服务或功能的触发点。触发点可以包括服务点触发器。服务点触发器可以包括应用于消息以判断是否有匹配的各种条件。可以从用户数据库中或从本地缓存中获取IFC、触发点，以及服务点触发器。从用户数据库中获取的数据可以包括路由请求的应用程序服务器的地址(如果有与触发条件的匹配)。服务触发器数据可以包括下列属性：优先权、会话情况、SIP方法、请求URI、SIP标头，以及会话描述协议(SDP)。优先权可以定义触发器评估的顺序。会话情况可以指定该情况是始发、结束还是结束而未注册。
[0030]在满足和处理IFC过程中的SCIM可以监视应用程序服务可用性，并可以提供负载平衡。这可以使用许多方法来实现，如最小负载、循环复用，或基于诸如处理单元上的负载、有效会话的数量、暂停的会话的数量，未完成的请求，以及往返时间之类的因素的计算。在某些实施例中，此信息是实时地或几乎实时地提供的，以便可以就可用性进行判断。应用程序服务器可能不能向另一个会话提供服务，因为应用程序服务器遇到服务拥塞(例如，所需的服务质量(QoS)不可用来运行服务)，尽管物理服务器是可用的(即，服务器没有遇到网络拥塞)。
[0031]S-CSCF可以允许移动节点控制移动节点中的服务，但是，在授权移动节点控制服务之前，将检查用户的预订服务的情况。例如，如果用户已经在呼叫中，并且没有预订呼叫等待，则S-CSCF可以拒绝向该用户的新的来电。
[0032]SCIM 322也可以管理移动节点和旧式应用程序服务器(可以包括非符合IMS的SIP服务器)之间的交互。在某些实施例中，SCIM隐藏移动节点的细节和设备的功能不让应用程序服务器了解，并转发移动节点可以接受的功能。在某些实施例中，CSCF可以从SCIM层中的SIP-AS抽象用户服务能力。一旦各种设备特性是已知的，CSCF可以理解并调解各种设备特性，并可以给予SIP-AS一种感觉，所有的服务用户都具有相同能力。这种隐藏消除了SIP-AS必须控制如何与移动节点进行交互的必要性。例如，对于PUSH to X服务，尽管SIP-AS会将所有用户当作他们具有语音/视频和文本能力对待，但是，CSCF可以确保给用户提供了正确的媒体类型。可以给PSTN访问用户提供只有64kbps语音或H.324M多工媒体。将给文本设备只提供文本，而可以给SIP可视电话提供所有3种媒体类型。
[0033]另一方面，如果移动节点请求诸如流式视频、语音邮件或音乐之类的服务，则SCIM可以将请求定向到旧式非支持SIP的应用程序服务器。SCIM从旧式应用程序服务器获取响应，并执行任何必需的转换，并将它转发到移动节点上。在某些实施例中，SCIM促进移动节点和应用程序服务器之间的互操作性。SCIM可以减轻应用程序服务器的跟踪移动节点能力的负担，并可以延长可以继续使用的旧式设备(旧式服务器或IMS之前/MMD服务器)的寿命，因为SCIM管理如何以及向移动节点提供什么内容。此外，这些旧式应用程序服务器多次使用诸如H.324M多工媒体、直接通话、按键通话之类的竞争协议。网关可以将这些竞争协议转换，以延长否则不兼容的设备之间的服务。在某些实施例中，可以向不支持用于IMS端点的一个或多个SIP扩展的应用程序服务器提供服务，以建立IMS会话、例如，前提，、更新，以及100Rel扩展。CSCF核心提供的交互可以用于在因特网和/或非IMS SIP应用程序服务器和客户端之间进行通信。在某些实施例中，使用允许与外部客户端进行交互的SIP过程。此功能可以作为背靠背的用户代理(B2BUA)来提供。作为B2BUA，CSCF核心可以基于用户配置文件(在某些实施例中，可以被高速缓存)中的SIP AS，在初始路由查询过程中，查询对等服务器的能力。
[0034]在某些实施例中，可以向移动节点发送消息，以从移动节点获取能力。此消息可以是选项消息。根据从此消息中获取的信息，获取媒体资源。SCIM可以在应用程序服务器之间进行交互。例如，SCIM可以向日历应用程序服务器发送消息，日历应用程序服务器可以将移动节点可以在某些特定的时段接收的服务发回。然后，SCIM可以将呼叫路由回另一个应用程序服务器，以处理呼叫。另外，在某些实施例中，此带有CSCF核心交互功能的层可以维护到旧式服务节点(如IVR/语音邮件系统)的标准SIP接口，CSCF可以代理它们，并使它们看起来像IMS SIP-AS(代理旧式服务节点的ISC接口)。
[0035]图4显示了根据某些实施例的提供交互管理的网关。图4包括移动节点410、移动节点412、无线接入网络(RAN)414、RAN416、网关418、SIP应用程序服务器420、旧式应用程序服务器422，以及归属用户服务(HSS)424。网关418可以包括功能或逻辑单元，如接入网关426、SCIM 428、CSCF核心430(包括服务点触发器(SPT)和过滤条件)，应用程序服务器432，以及归属代理(HA)/外地代理(FA)434。接入网关426可以包括下列各项中的一个或多个：例如，分组数据服务节点(PDSN)、网关GPRS支持节点(GGSN)，以及用户平面实体(UPE)。SCIM 428可以与CSCF核心430重叠，以提供过滤条件，监视服务中的变化。SCIM 428可以与S-CSCF(参见图3)(其功能驻留在CSCF核心430中)进行交互，实现对分组的监视，以匹配过滤条件，并在匹配时触发服务中的变化。CSCF核心430也可以实现P-CSCF和I-CSCF(参见图3)。
[0036]网关418可以与移动节点410和412、SIP应用程序服务器420、旧式应用程序服务器422，以及HSS 424进行通信。所显示的移动节点可以是旧式移动节点410和支持SIP移动节点412。网关418可以对分组流进行处理，以解决旧式移动节点410对于诸如三方呼叫和视频会议之类的服务缺乏支持能力的问题。这可以，例如，免除应用程序服务器必须进行此处理的必要性，使应用程序服务器为接收服务的移动节点发送一个或多个相同的分组流。在某些实施例中，网关418可以与HSS 424进行通信，获取诸如过滤条件之类的用户信息，使用用户信息设置SCIM 428和CSCF核心430中的服务点触发器。
[0037]网关418也可以与IMS应用程序服务器420和旧式/SIP应用程序服务器422进行通信。在某些实施例中，可以在网关418内提供应用程序服务器432，以满足与分组流并行的服务请求。应用程序服务器432可以提供比否则可能当使用外部应用程序服务器满足请求时发生的延迟较少的延迟的功能。在向移动节点410和412提供服务时，网关418对分组流进行处理，以在旧式或非符合IMS的应用程序服务器和网络之间提供交互。例如，网关418可以将旧式语音邮件应用程序服务器扩展为支持IMS的移动节点。当支持IMS的移动节点请求语音邮件时，网关418可以以第一协议与旧式语音邮件应用程序服务器进行通信，对内容和/或消息传输协议进行任何处理或转换，并以第二协议与支持IMS的移动节点进行通信。在某些实施例中，网关418可以转换传输协议以及内容的协议。SCIM 428与CSCF核心一起可以在诸如下面将描述的分组加速卡或分组服务卡中安排网关中的处理和转换。
[0038]图5显示了根据某些实施例的在网关中提供服务的步骤。在步骤510中，网关获取用户资料，并将结果高速缓存在会话管理器中的本地缓存中。用户资料可以通过S-CSCF功能从诸如HSS之类的外部数据库中获取，并存储在本地缓存中。在步骤512中，SCIM可以从用户资料中加载过滤条件，并分析过滤条件。分析可以包括建立服务点触发器(SPT)，以基于与预设条件的匹配，触发服务变化。在某些实施例中，在散列hit列表中建立服务点触发器，如此，分组信息可以触发散列列表中的匹配。在步骤514中，在网关中有服务点触发器的匹配。匹配可以在SCIM层中产生。
[0039]在步骤516中，向移动节点提供的服务是变化的。服务可以在518结束，在520修改，或在522重新提供。服务变化的一个示例，步骤520，可以在会议中添加或减少移动节点，或在提供服务时QoS发生变化。新提供的服务可以是，用户选择检索语音邮件，而移动节点以前没有连接到语音邮件应用程序服务器。在522，选择应用程序服务器以提供服务，例如，诸如语音邮件、网站查看、视频会议、呼叫转发，以及内容过滤。可以通过SCIM独自地或与CSCF核心中的S-CSCF功能相结合地选择应用程序服务器。在524，可以通过应用程序服务器和移动节点之间的SCIM来提供服务交互管理。
[0040]图6显示了根据某些实施例的在网关中为移动节点提供处理的步骤。在步骤610中，网关从移动节点接收服务的请求。请求可以来自于拨打服务(例如，＊45或800-888-1234，获取语音邮件)或通过选择移动节点上的图形用户界面上的提示发送请求的图标。在612中，网关，具体来说，SCIM和/或CSCF核心判断接收服务的每一个移动节点的能力。在某些情况下，所有移动节点都可以具有相同的能力，如此，服务可以被从应用程序服务器中继，无需进一步的处理。在614中，SCIM挑拣应用程序服务器以提供请求的服务。SCIM借助于CSCF会话和路由接口可以使用许多方法加载平衡请求，以避免拥塞或服务延迟。
[0041]在616中，SCIM可以在请求服务时隐藏实际移动节点能力不被应用程序服务器了解。这可以涉及报告移动节点都具有相同能力，而移动节点可以具有不同的能力。通过不迫使应用程序服务器向具有不同能力的移动节点提供不同级别的服务，应用程序服务器的编程可以简化，处理负担可以减轻。进一步地，可以延长旧式设备的使用寿命。在618中，网关接收一个或多个移动节点的分组流，并在发送之前处理分组流。处理可以由SCIM引导，并可以涉及，例如，协议或格式转换，由于服务质量(QoS)或带宽限制而导致的媒体的变化，或删除内容(如对于不支持视频的移动节点的视频)。在620中，给每一个移动节点提供了适合于移动节点的能力的服务。
[0042]图7显示了根据某些实施例的来自非IMS域的交互。在图7中，交互涉及来自非IMS域的呼叫，包括SIP客户端710、S-CSCF 712、P-CSCF 714，以及移动节点716。在步骤1中，发送带有媒体信息的邀请，没有与网关驻留在一起的从外部非IMS SIP客户端710到S-CSCF 712的前提。在步骤2中，由S-CSCF 712向P-CSCF 714发送邀请。在步骤3中，P-CSCF 714在步骤4中授权QoS资源，并发送邀请。在步骤5中，移动节点716预留资源，并在步骤6中向P-CSCF 714发送180ringing。在步骤7和8中180ringing消息被发送到SIP客户端710。在步骤9中，200OK被发送到P-CSCF 714，表示媒体是活动的，P-CSCF 714提交资源。在图7中，在外部SIP客户端710和IMS端接网络之间提供了交互。外部SIP客户端可能不能支持IMS端点建立IMS会话所需的许多SIP扩展，如此，网关中的CSCF核心可以提供交互，以允许建立会话。与其他非IMS移动节点的交互也可以由网关提供，通过在网关内提供代理，以管理IMS网络和非IMS移动节点之间的交互。
[0043]图8显示了根据某些实施例的向非IMS域的交互。图8包括移动节点810、P-CSCF 812、S-CSCF 814，以及外部SIP客户端816。在818中，从IMS移动节点向S-CSCF 814发送邀请消息，包括不被外部SIP客户端816支持的信息。S-CSCF可以判断，外部SIP客户端不在IMS域内，并将邀请818修改为邀请820。这可以允许建立会话，尽管有不兼容问题。S-CSCF 814可以继续交互，修改图8中的移动节点810和外部SIP客户端816之间的SIP消息。网关也可以提供可以在IMS网络和非IMS域移动节点之间交互的代理。这可以包括基于非SIP的移动节点。
[0044]图9显示了根据某些实施例提供的服务交互。图9中的服务交互包括使用服务配置文件的媒体协商。图9包括网络设备，如移动节点1910、P-CSCF 1912、S-CSCF 1914、S-CSCF 2916、P-CSCF 2918，移动节点2920。S-CSCF 1914可以在步骤4中利用SCIM判断何时接收邀请消息，以发送到S-CSCF 2916。在某些实施例中，由S-CSCF进行的判断可以通过过滤器条件提示。这允许网关提供服务，而不会涉及在某些情况下提供服务的外部服务器。SCIM可以提供服务交互管理，而S-CSCF可以处理交互，以在网关上提供否则可能要求外部应用程序服务器的能力。这可以使得网络运营商减少向用户提供服务所使用的网络设备，从而降低运营成本。通过在网关内提供交互管理，也可以缩小延迟。
[0045]在某些实施例中，上文所描述的网关是在底盘中实现的。此底盘可以实现多个不同的集成功能。在某些实施例中，接入网关、分组数据服务节点(PDSN)、外地代理(FA)，或归属代理(HA)可以在底盘上实现。在其他实施例中，也可以在底盘上实现的其他类型的功能有：网关一般分组无线电服务支持节点(GGSN)、服务GPRS支持节点(SGSN)、分组数据交互功能(PDIF)、访问服务网络网关(ASNGW)、基站、接入网络、用户平面实体(UPE)、IP网关、接入网关、会话启动协议(SIP)服务器、代理-呼叫会话控制功能(P-CSCF)、以及查询-呼叫会话控制功能(I-CSCF)。在某些实施例中，上文所提及的其他类型的功能中的一个或多个可以集成在一起，或通过相同的功能来提供。例如，接入网络可以与PDSN集成在一起。底盘可以包括PDSN、FA、HA、GGSN、PDIF、ASNGW、UPE、IP网关、接入网关、或任何其他适用的接入接口设备。在某些实施例中，底盘是由位于马萨诸塞州的Tewksbury的Starent Networks，Corp.在ST16或ST40多媒体平台中提供的。
[0046]底盘可以包括用于加载应用程序卡以及线卡的插槽。在底盘中，可以使用中板来提供底盘内部的通信、电源连接、以及各种安装的卡之间的传播途径。中板可以包括诸如开关结构、控制总线、系统管理总线、冗余总线，以及时分多路复用(TDM)总线之类的总线。开关结构是通过在应用程序卡和线卡之间建立卡之间的通信实现的整个底盘中的用户数据的基于IP的传输路径。控制总线将底盘内的控制和管理处理器互连在一起。底盘管理总线提供对系统功能的管理，如提供电源、监视温度、板状态、数据路径错误、卡复位，及其他故障转移功能。冗余总线提供用户数据的传送，以及在发生硬件故障的情况下的冗余链路。TDM总线为系统上的语音服务提供支持。
[0047]底盘至少支持两种应用程序卡：开关处理器板和分组加速卡。开关处理器板充当底盘的控制器，负责诸如初始化底盘并将软件配置加载到底盘中的其他卡上之类的任务。分组加速卡提供分组处理和转发能力。每一个分组加速卡都能够支持多个上下文。可以利用卡来部署硬件引擎，以支持压缩、分类流量调度、转发、分组过滤，以及统计信息汇编的并行分布式处理。
[0048]分组加速卡通过使用控制处理器和网络处理单元(NPU)来执行分组处理操作。网络处理单元确定分组处理要求；来往于各种物理接口接收和传输用户数据；作出IP转发决策；实现分组过滤、流插入、删除，以及修改；执行流量管理和流量工程；修改/添加/剥离分组标头；以及
管理线卡端口和内部分组传送。也位于分组加速卡上的控制处理器，提供基于分组的用户服务处理。线卡当加载到底盘中时提供输入/输出连接，也可以提供冗余连接。
[0049]在某些实施例中，底盘的ST40实施例可以支持系统管理卡(SMC)和分组服务卡(PSC)。系统管理卡是用于管理和控制底盘中的其他卡的系统控制和管理卡。分组服务卡是提供多线程点对点、分组数据处理，以及上下文处理能力的高速处理卡。
[0050]操作系统软件可以基于Linux软件内核，并在底盘中运行特定的应用程序，如监视任务和提供协议堆栈。软件允许底盘资源单独地为控制和数据路径进行分配。例如，某些分组加速卡可以专门用于执行路由或安全控制功能，而另外一些分组加速卡专门用于处理用户会话流量。随着网络要求的变化，在某些实施例中，可以动态地部署硬件资源，以符合要求。系统可以虚拟化，以支持服务的多个逻辑实例，如技术功能(例如，PDSN、ASNGW、PDIF、HA、GGSN或IPSG)。
[0051]底盘的软件可以被分成执行特定功能的一系列任务。这些任务根据需要相互进行通信，以在整个底盘中共享控制和数据信息。任务是执行与系统控制或会话处理相关的特定功能的软件进程。在某些实施例中，有三种任务类型在底盘内操作：关键任务、控制器任务，以及管理器任务。关键任务控制涉及底盘处理调用的能力的功能，如底盘初始化、错误检测，以及恢复任务。控制器任务遮盖来自用户的软件的分布特征，并执行诸如监视从属管理器的状态之类的任务，相同子系统内的管理器内部的通信，通过与属于其他子系统的控制器进行通信，实现子系统之间的通信。管理器任务可以控制系统资源，并维护系统资源之间的逻辑映射。
[0052]在应用程序卡中的处理器上运行的单个任务可以被分成多个子系统。子系统是要么执行特定任务要么是多个其他任务的顶点的软件元件。单个子系统可以包括关键任务、控制器任务，以及管理器任务。某些在底盘上运行的某些子系统包括系统初始化任务子系统、高可用性任务子系统、恢复控制任务子系统、共享配置任务子系统、资源管理子系统、虚拟专用网络子系统、网络处理单元子系统、卡/插槽/端口子系统，以及会话子系统。
[0053]系统初始化任务子系统负责在系统启动时启动一组初始任务，并根据需要提供单个任务。高可用性任务子系统与恢复控制任务子系统一起工作，通过监视底盘的各种软件和硬件组件，维护底盘的可操作状态。恢复控制任务子系统负责对于在底盘中发生的故障执行恢复操作，并从高可用性任务子系统接收恢复操作。共享配置任务子系统给底盘提供设置、检索，以及接收底盘配置参数变化的通知的能力，并负责存储在底盘内运行的应用程序的配置数据。资源管理子系统负责向任务分配资源(例如，处理器和存储器能力)，并负责监视任务的使用资源的情况。
[0054]虚拟专用网络(VPN)子系统管理底盘中的与VPN相关的实体的管理和操作方面，包括创建单独的VPN上下文、在VPN上下文内启动IP服务、管理IP池和用户IP地址，以及在VPN上下文内分发IP流信息。在某些实施例中，在底盘内，在特定VPN上下文内执行IP操作。网络处理单元子系统负责上面为网络处理单元所列的许多功能。卡/插槽/端口子系统负责协调发生的涉及卡活动的事件，如发现和配置新插入的卡上的端口，并确定线卡如何映射到应用程序卡。在某些实施例中，会话子系统负责处理和监视移动用户的数据流。移动数据通信的会话处理任务包括：例如，CDMA网络的A10/A11结束、GPRS和/或UMTS网络的GSM隧道协议结束，异步PPP处理、分组过滤、分组调度、Difserv码点标记、统计信息收集、IP转发，以及AAA服务。这些项目中的每一个项目的职责可以在从属任务之间分布(叫做“管理器”)，以便有更有效的处理和更大的冗余。单独的会话控制器任务充当集成的控制节点，来调节和监视管理器，并与其他活动子系统进行通信。会话子系统也管理特殊化的用户数据处理，如有效负载转换、过滤、统计信息收集、策略，以及调度。
[0055]在某些实施例中，实现过程或数据库所需的软件包括高级别过程或面向对象的语言，如C、C++、C#、Java或Perl。如果需要，软件也可以以汇编语言来实现。在底盘中实现的分组处理可以包括由上下文确定的任何处理。例如，分组处理可以涉及高级数据链路控制(HDLC)成帧、标头压缩，和/或加密。在某些实施例中，软件存储在存储介质或设备上，如只读存储器(ROM)、可编程只读存储器(PROM)、电可擦除编程-只读存储器(EEPROM)、闪速存储器，或可由一般或特殊用途处理单元读取以执行本文件中所描述的过程的磁盘。
[0056]虽然是以前面的实施例来描述和说明本发明的，但是，应该理解，只是作为示例来说明本发明的，在不偏离仅仅由随后的权利要求作出限制的本发明的精神或范围的情况下，可以对本发明的实现方式的细节作出许多更改。

Claims (8)

1.一种通信网络中的网关，包括：
驻留在所述网关中的服务控制交互管理器(SCIM)，用于提供所述通信网络中的服务管理和交互管理；
与所述SCIM进行通信并驻留在所述网关中的呼叫会话控制功能(CSCF)，用于处理会话启动协议会话和交互；以及
存储了用来判断服务变化的过滤条件以及触发器的计算机可读取的介质。
2.根据权利要求1所述的网关，其中，交互是在IP多媒体子系统(IMS)网络和不符合IMS的移动节点之间进行的。
3.根据权利要求1所述的网关，其中，交互是在IP多媒体子系统(IMS)网络和不符合IMS的应用程序服务器之间进行的。
4.一种交互管理方法，包括：
在通信网络中的网关接收消息；
在服务控制交互管理器(SCIM)中分析网关中的消息；
判断请求是否匹配更改提供到移动节点的服务的过滤条件；
从SCIM向呼叫会话控制功能(CSCF)传送指令；
确定在网关上执行的处理包括关于消息的在CSCF上的交互，其中，交互是在IP多媒体子系统(IMS)网络和不符合的网络设备之间进行的；以及
在网关从网络设备接收分组流，并处理所述分组流，以管理所述网络设备和通信网络之间的服务层面的交互。
5.根据权利要求5所述的方法，进一步包括：
在所述网关上使用负载平衡的方法来选择应用程序服务器；以及
管理与所述选定的应用程序服务器的交互。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法，进一步包括与PRESENCE服务器和日历服务器的交互，以管理在一天中的特定时间的出现。
7.根据权利要求5所述的方法，进一步包括：
确定网络设备的能力，其中，网络设备是移动节点；
处理发往所述移动节点的分组流，以修改所述分组流，以符合所述移动节点的能力。
8.根据权利要求5所述的方法，进一步包括：
确定网络设备的能力，其中，所述网络设备是旧式应用程序服务器；
处理来自所述旧式应用程序服务器的分组流，以在所述旧式应用程序服务器和移动节点之间提供交互。
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