CN101589629B - 为移动设备提供基于位置的服务 - Google Patents

为移动设备提供基于位置的服务 Download PDF

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CN101589629B
CN101589629B CN200780050273.5A CN200780050273A CN101589629B CN 101589629 B CN101589629 B CN 101589629B CN 200780050273 A CN200780050273 A CN 200780050273A CN 101589629 B CN101589629 B CN 101589629B
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CN101589629A (zh
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R·盖赫
K·阿加瓦尔
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Cisco Technology Inc
Vihana Inc
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    • H04W4/02—Services making use of location information
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    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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    • H04L47/10—Flow control; Congestion control
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    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H04L47/24—Traffic characterised by specific attributes, e.g. priority or QoS
    • H04L47/2483—Traffic characterised by specific attributes, e.g. priority or QoS involving identification of individual flows
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    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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    • H04L65/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
    • H04L65/10—Architectures or entities
    • H04L65/1016—IP multimedia subsystem [IMS]
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    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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    • H04L65/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
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    • H04L65/10—Architectures or entities
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    • H04L65/1066—Session management
    • H04L65/1101—Session protocols
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S707/00—Data processing: database and file management or data structures
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

本发明提供了允许在通信网络内递送基于位置的服务的系统和方法。当将移动节点在网络中注册时，可以利用来自移动节点的信息来检索位置信息。然后，可以将位置信息高速缓存或存储在通信网络中的一个或多个地点，并且与移动节点的寻址信息相关联。如果收到对基于位置的服务的请求而没有基于位置的信息，则网关可以使用与移动节点有关的基于位置的信息来提供基于位置的服务。网关可以使非IMS移动节点获取IMS基于位置的服务或使不兼容移动节点获取基于位置的服务。

Description

为移动设备提供基于位置的服务
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2006年12月7日提出的发明名称为“提供呼叫会话控制功能的装置和方法”的美国临时专利申请第60/873,493号在35U.S.C.§119(e)下的权益，在这里通过引用而并入其全部内容。
技术领域
本公开涉及提供有关通信网络内的移动设备的位置信息的系统和方法。
背景技术
与包括例如卫星通信系统、便携式数字助理(PDA)、膝上型计算机和蜂窝式电话的许多应用相关地使用无线通信系统和网络。这样应用的用户获得的一种重要好处是：只要用户处于这种无线通信系统的范围之内，就能够与网络(例如，因特网)连接。
当前无线通信系统使用电路交换和分组交换之一或它们的组合，以便向移动节点提供移动数据服务。移动节点可以是蜂窝式电话、PDA、黑莓手机、带有无线卡的膝上型计算机或任何其它无线设备。一般说来，利用基于电路的手段，使用物理交换路径，通过数据发送者和接收者之间的专用(和不中断)连接来传送无线数据。一旦建立了直接连接，只要发送者和接收者有数据要交换，就保持所述直接连接。这种直接和专用交换路径的建立导致占用网络资源的固定共享，直到连接被切断。当不再希望发送者和接收者之间的物理连接时，断开物理连接，并且，如有必要，将网络资源分配给其它用户。
另一方面，基于分组的手段并不永久地将传输资源分配给给定呼叫，并且不需要建立和断开数据发送者和接收者之间的物理连接。一般说来，基于分组的手段中的数据流是“分组化的”，其中，将数据分成独立的信息段，每段容纳“首部”信息，所述“首部”信息可以提供例如源信息、目的地信息、有关分组中的位数的信息、优先级信息、以及安全信息。然后，根据首部信息独立地将这些分组路由到目的地。数据流可以包括许多分组或单个分组。
随着移动电话的发展，通过基于电路交换或分组的语音通信，首先，紧急接线员无法定位呼叫者的位置。基于陆线的通信系统自动地将这个信息提供给接线员。首先，载波将小区通信塔或基站的位置提供给紧急电话接线员，这使距离缩小到无线装备周围几英里。对于更高级的定位技术，载波转向手机中的GPS(全球定位系统)和小区通信塔或基站三角测量。但是，每一种各有利弊。在小区通信塔较少以及干扰较小的大开放区中，GPS解决方案比网络解决方案好。在人口较稠密的区域中，由于GPS具有来自城市中的建筑物的干扰的问题，基于网络的解决方案比GPS好。
除了定位移动节点的物理位置所固有的问题之外，基于分组的通信正演变成多媒体越来越丰富，这个进程的一部分是IP多媒体子系统(IMS)的发展。IMS是将因特网协议(IP)多媒体递送给移动节点的体系结构框架。呼叫会话控制功能(CSCF)可以管理出现在IMS核心中的许多信令。CSCF功能逻辑上可以分成三种功能：代理CSCF(P-CSCF)、查询CSCF(I-CSCF)、和服务CSCF(S-CSCF)。另外，CSCF功能通过包含在两种不同拓扑结构中的两个不同组来展望：全球移动通信系统(GSM)和CDMA(码分多址)2000。第3代合作伙伴计划(3GPP)负责与GSM系统一起工作的IMS，以及第3代合作伙伴计划2(3GPP2)负责与CDMA系统一起使用并基于3GPP IMS概念的多媒体域(MMD)。但是，一些移动节点也许不能将位置信息传送给网络。
发明内容
本发明公开了用于提供有关通信网络内的移动设备的位置信息的系统和方法。在一些实施例中，提供基于位置的信息的网关包括驻留在网关中并与高速缓冲存储器通信的呼叫会话控制功能(CSCF)，该高速缓冲存储器驻留在计算机可读介质中并存储移动节点的寻址信息和移动节点的位置信息，当移动节点注册时，该CSCF在高速缓冲存储器中创建条目，该CSCF使用注册信息来获取位置信息并为移动节点将位置信息存储在高速缓冲存储器中，该CSCF使用基于位置的信息来为移动节点获取基于位置的服务。
在某些实施例中，提供基于位置的信息的方法包括：在驻留在网关中的呼叫会话控制功能(CSCF)上接收注册请求，将有关移动节点的信息高速缓存在驻留在网关中的高速缓冲存储器中，利用有关移动节点的信息为移动节点检索基于位置的信息，接收对于基于位置的服务的请求，以及利用以前检索的基于位置的信息来路由该请求，以为移动节点路由该请求。
附图说明
图1是依照某些实施例的IP多媒体子系统(IMS)通信网络的功能块例示；
图2是依照某些实施例的多媒体域(MMD)通信网络的功能块例示；
图3是依照某些实施例的网关的控制面的例示；
图4是依照某些实施例的通信网络中的注册的例示；
图5是依照某些实施例的P-CSCF中的局部服务处理和与IMS/MMD系统的PSTN交换的逻辑图；
图6是依照某些实施例的基于位置的服务消息传送的信令图；
图7是依照某些实施例的紧急呼叫的信令图；以及
图8是依照某些实施例用于提供基于位置的服务的网络拓扑结构。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了允许在通信网络内递送基于位置的服务的系统和方法。当移动节点在网络中注册时，一些实施例利用来自移动节点的信息来检索位置信息。可以将这个信息存储在高速缓冲存储器中，并且周期性地更新它。如果移动节点请求使用位置信息的服务，那么高速缓冲存储器可以为移动节点将位置信息提供给网络。然后，网络设备可以向移动节点提供基于位置的服务。
知道用户的物理位置就能够提供基于位置的服务。基于位置的服务是考虑用户场所的服务。这些服务包括向用户提供像接线员服务、电话查询服务、最新交通信息(例如，＊traffic)、最近的出租车公司、最近的医院、最近的法式餐馆等的最近特殊服务的位置或电话号码。由于固有的移动性，使得确定移动节点的位置更加困难。在某些实施例中，将用户的位置与用户的IP地址联系在一起。这可以在与注册器功能通信的高速缓冲存储器中完成。用户的位置可以通过多种多样的方式来确定，包括由像基站ID和基站物理上所处的位置的用户网络连接来确定。可以在会话初始化协议(SIP)消息中提供位置信息。SIP消息可以携带小区ID参数，小区ID参数可被存储并与用户IP地址相链接。然后，可以将来自IP地址的请求映射到物理位置，该物理位置可被用于诸如应用服务器的网络设备。
在一些实施例中，CSCF具有下面更全面描述的注册器功能。注册器功能高速缓存IMS或MMD客户的注册记录。典型的注册记录指向用户的当前网络连接(即，可在IP 10.3.0.10等上获得用户A)。这种注册器也可以修改成跟踪用户的物理位置。可以通过察看具有小区ID参数的P-ACCESS-NETWORK-INFO从SIP注册机制中导出物理位置，或通过像存在更新等的其它带外机制导出物理位置。一旦该注册器具有用户的物理位置，那么这个信息可被用于SIP-AS或紧急CSCF(E-CSCF)，以提供基于位置的服务。在一些实施例中，向用户呈现具有根据位置从应用服务器获得的信息的图形用户界面(GUI)，或者用户可以在通过移动设备发送的GUI中作出选择，以检索诸如附近餐馆或朋友的位置的请求信息。
图1例示了依照一些实施例示出网络设置的逻辑部件的IP多媒体子系统(IMS)。图1包括P-CSCF 110、I-CSCF 112、S-CSCF 114、本地用户服务器(HSS)116、用户定位功能(SLF)118、移动节点或用户设备(UE)120、出口网关控制功能(BGCF)122、媒体网关控制功能(MGCF)124、媒体网关(MGW)126、公共交换电话网(PSTN)128、多媒体资源控制器(MRFC)130、多媒体资源功能处理器(MRFP)132、以及应用服务器(AS)134。HSS 116是支持S-CSCF或处置呼叫和会话的其它网络实体的主用户数据库。HSS 116存储诸如用户简档的预约相关信息，进行用户验证和授权，以及可以提供有关用户的物理位置的信息。当在网络中使用多个HSS时，SLF 118可被用于将询问引向存储信息的HSS 116。传统信令网也可以将HSS用于各种服务。MRFC 130与S-CSCF 114通信，并且控制MRFP 132，以实现媒体相关功能。MRFC 130和MRFP 132的组合在本地网络中提供媒体源。BGCF 122是可以根据电话号码进行路由的服务器并且当呼叫电路交换网上的电话时被使用。MGCF 124和MGW 126用于将来自IMS的信令转换成适用于PSTN 128电路交换网的信令。IP多媒体网络可以包括应用服务器和向用户设备120提供服务的其它网络实体。用户设备(或移动节点)可以包括蜂窝式电话、个人数字助理(PDA)、或膝上型计算机。AS 134可以提供像路况报告或天气那样的基于位置的服务。
图2例示了较大网络内的多媒体域(MMD)系统210。MMD系统210包括许多与图1的IMS系统相同的功能，但进一步包括与接入网214通信的接入网关/外地代理212，以及向移动台(或移动节点)218提供移动IP支持的本地代理216。可以包括在IMS或MMD网络中的策略判决功能(PDF)存储管理用户会话的策略。诸如开放系统体系结构(OSA)应用服务器222和SIP应用服务器224的应用服务器提供应用，诸如基于位置的服务、视频、电子邮件、聊天、游戏、和其它数据和多媒体内容。
在IMS和MMD网络的上下文下，当在网络上建立会话时，代理-呼叫会话控制功能(P-CSCF)是第一联系点。P-CSCF通常处在访问网络中，或当访问网络仍不符合IMS时，P-CSCF处在本地网络中。P-CSCF起代理的作用，将来自用户设备或移动台的消息转发给适当的网络实体或反过来。P-CSCF可以执行许多功能，诸如审查消息，使用例如SIGComp来提供SIP消息压缩/解压，将安全联系提供给移动节点，以及生成计费数据记录(CDR)。P-CSCF可以提供这些功能和其它功能，部分原因是P-CSCF坐落在消息信令的路径上。P-CSCF还可以包括策略判决功能(PDF)或与策略判决功能(PDF)通信，策略判决功能(PDF)授权媒体资源，诸如提供的服务质量(QoS)、带宽管理、和提供的访问。
I-CSCF是网络内用于以那个网络的用户或当前处在网络服务区内的漫游用户为目的地的连接的联系点。I-CSCF将S-CSCF指定给用户，使得用户可以与网络通信。I-CSCF的IP地址通常公开在该域的DNS中，使得远程服务器可以找到它并将它用作入口点。
S-CSCF为移动节点或手机进行会话控制服务。这包括管理移动节点的注册，审查通过S-CSCF路由的消息，判决提供服务的应用服务器，提供诸如将消息发送到所选应用服务器或发送到PSTN的路由服务，以及为给定用户实施网络策略。S-CSCF与HSS通信，以访问用户简档和其它信息。
应用服务器，例如，如图2所示的应用服务器222或224宿主服务并执行服务，诸如呼叫者ID、呼叫等待、呼叫保持、按键通话、呼叫转发、呼叫传送、呼叫阻止服务、合法窃听、通知服务、电话会议服务、语音邮件、基于位置的服务、和存在信息。应用服务器可以使用SIP与S-CSCF连接，并且视服务而定，可以以SIP代理模式、SIP用户代理模式、或SIP背对背用户代理模式来操作。
图3例示了依照某些实施例实现IMS/MMD CSCF的网关的控制面体系结构。会话管理器310服务并处理用户设备/移动用户的用户会话数据流。会话管理器310包括诸如系统服务层312、呼叫处理层314和呼叫处理支持服务层316的功能层。系统服务层312为要传递到会话管理器和其它层的指令提供接口。包括命令线接口(CLI)318以及网络处理单元320接口。呼叫处理层314包括服务中介/服务控制交互管理器(SCIM)322、包括I-CSCF 326、P-CSCF 328、和S-CSCF 330的CSCF核心324、统一消息映射接口332、应用334、和SIP栈336。在一些实施例中，CSCF核心包括CSCF功能之一，例如，P-CSCF。呼叫处理支持服务层316包括多种服务，诸如路由和地址翻译服务338、用户管理服务340、计费接口服务342、媒体接口服务344、QoS策略接口服务346、安全接口348、以及调节服务器接口350。如图3所示，多路分解管理器352驻留在信号路由层354中。带有多路分解管理器的信号路由层354可以确定向哪里发送业务流加以处理。可以将业务流发送给进程实例，以便作进一步处理和/或信号管理。
图3中的网关可以实现注册器和重定向服务器。注册器允许SIP用户注册可以联系到该SIP用户的联系点(IP地址/域名)。这是允许SIP用户的逻辑地址/公开识别码与物理地址之间的结合的定位服务。SIP代理或重定向服务器可以通过联系注册器来定位用户。网关可以与S-CSCF一起来实现注册器。P-CSCF和I-CSCF可以代理注册。如果网关正在起S-CSCF注册器的作用，那么注册器APP 334可以联系CSCF核心以获得验证向量和用户信息。注册器APP 334可以执行所有的SIP特有注册器功能，但在一些实施例中，采用来自CSCF核心中的S-CSCF部件的指令。
网关可以保持可以存储每个服务或会话信息的本地高速缓冲存储器。网关还可以将注册状态的任何变化通知多路分解管理器，因为多路分解管理器可以保持带有用户信息的散列。本地高速缓冲存储器可以存储如下信息：IP地址、记录的地址(AOR)/公开的用户识别码、秘密用户识别码(对用户来说是唯一的，例如，IMSI、NAI、MSISDN)、联系点、注册失效日期、注册状态(有效、失效)、服务路由首部、验证向量、以及用户简档。可以将位置信息与IP地址关联。这可以允许网关选择对于移动节点来说是本地的应用服务器来提供本地服务。在一些实施例中，可以将位置信息存储在本地高速缓冲存储器中，譬如，地理位置、坐标信息或相对位置信息，以便允许应用服务器确定可用于移动节点的基于位置的服务。一旦用户撤消注册，可以删除本地高速缓冲存储器的条目，并且可以对于那个用户的每个公开用户识别码，保留一个这样的条目。
看呼叫处理层314，这个层包括信令协议和将通用SIP用作应用程序接口(API)的呼叫控制。信令协议可以是SIP或可以是诸如ISUP、MGCP或H.323的其它协议。进一步，呼叫处理层314允许SIP变体与其它协议之间通过统一映射接口(UMM)的互通。统一映射接口可以将协议特有消息和参数转换成诸如API格式的通用SIP。在一些实施例中，使用SIP样消息传送，因为SIP具有最大的消息集合，并可以覆盖SIP和其它协议的可能消息传送情形。呼叫处理层314还可以通过将信息放入封套中，对于无需由CSCF核心处理的数据提供透明性。不感兴趣的参数可被放入封套中并保持不被修改。CSCF核心允许任何文本串作为呼叫和被叫号码，该号码无需限于E.164号码。该号码可以是例如记录的地址(AoR)或带有域名的任何名称串。
图4例示了本地网络410中的注册，以及在某些实施例中，注册涉及访问网络和本地网络412。本地网络414是移动节点412与之关联的网络。无线电接入网418提供射频(RF)链路，并且可以与网络连接。本地网络414包括P-CSCF 420、I-CSCF 422、HSS 424、以及S-CSCF 426。发送注册消息428以便注册移动节点416。除了别的以外，S-CSCF还管理注册和呼叫管理。在注册管理中，S-CSCF在发送肯定响应之前核实在第一次注册之后接收的验证信息。S-CSCF还可以检验对于那个私秘实体允许注册多少个公开用户识别码的配置值。如果新的注册超过了限制，则可以返回响应403。如果是第一次注册，则S-CSCF向HSS发送一个请求，以获得用户的授权向量。授权向量包括在返回响应401的同时，可以由S-CSCF存储的某些参数。
当完成注册时，S-CSCF可以将用户数据存储在本地高速缓冲存储器中。S-CSCF还可以将消息发送给信号路由层以存储用户数据。可以存储未被禁止公开用户ID的联系信息。可以在将结果返还给callLeg(呼叫分支)之前，将接收路径首部的列表和带有公开用户识别码的列表的P相关URI添加到200 OK 430。在一些实施例中，callLeg是业务流的一个方向。
S-CSCF还可以加入带有S-CSCF信息的服务路由首部，以指示可以将未来请求从P-CSCF路由到S-CSCF。如果允许拓扑隐藏，则应当加入I-CSCF作为服务路由首部中的最高URI。在呼叫管理中，当S-CSCF接收到来自移动节点的到来邀请时，在一些实施例中，它检验在P-Asserted-Id中是否禁止公开用户识别码，发送响应403。如果不禁止，则它可以从最高路由首部中去除它自己的SIP URI。S-CSCF存储ICID参数的值。然后，S-CSCF可以插入orig-ioi参数以标识发送网络，并且，如果在相同本地网络内转发呼叫，则插入P-charging-Address首部。
如果CSCF具有包括在P-Asserted-ID首部中的SIR URI的telURI的知识，则加入带有tel URI的第二P-Asserted-ID首部。另外，如果请求网络拓扑隐藏，则CSCF将I-CSCF的地址放在最高路由首部中，并且将结果返还给callLeg，使得可以代理呼叫。
在从访问网络到本地网络的注册412中，移动节点416与访问网络432通信。移动节点416可能正在漫游，或者处在本地网络414之外。无线电接入网418提供至访问网络432的通信链路。P-CSCF 434接收来自移动节点416的注册消息428，并且将注册消息428引向I-CSCF 422。在一些实施例中，注册消息428可由诸如P-CSCF、I-CSCF、HSS或S-CSCF的一个或多个网络设备修改。
图5例示了依照一些实施例的与IMS/MMD系统的P-CSCF和PSTN交换中的本地服务管理。图5包括移动节点510、无线电接入网(RAN)512、GGSN 514、P-CSCF 516、I-CSCF 518、HSS 520、访问网络S-CSCF 524、媒体网关控制功能(MGCF)526、媒体网关(MGW)528、以及公共交换电话网(PSTN)530。在一些实施例中，服务可以具有与它们相关联的某些拨号模式，例如，电话查询服务411，并且在某些区域中通过那种模式被识别。相同拨号模式在访问网络532与本地网络534中可能意味着不同的服务，例如，＊86在本地网络534中可被用于语音邮件接入，而在访问网络532中可能具有与之相关联的不同服务。在一些实施例中，呼叫会话控制功能(CSCF)是可编程的，以便操作者可以将他们自己本地简化的拨号串定义成服务。本地服务检测可以发生在知道与本地服务相关联的拨号模式的P-CSCF 516上，以避免随服务解释带来的任何问题。
这种本地服务检测和翻译可以参照图5来说明。移动节点510将邀请消息发送给P-CSCF 516，这个邀请消息包括用户已经拨打了电话号码411的信息。P-CSCF 516可以翻译接收的邀请消息，并且检测到被拨模式是本地服务。在一些实施例中，根据路由配置，P-CSCF 516将呼叫路由到为呼叫服务的本地SIP AS(未示出)。下面会对此作更详细说明。在没有路由到SIP AS的对等服务器表的其它实施例中，P-CSCF 516将呼叫路由到本地网络534。
P-CSCF可以向I-CSCF 518发送邀请536，邀请536可以是更新后的统一资源标识符(URI)。这种更新可以是修改请求URI。例如，用户在访问网络中拨号411，P-CSCF 516将请求URI修改成directory assistancevisited.com。P-CSCF 516可以使用配置的翻译规则来修改请求URI。在本地网络中，I-CSCF将邀请发送给可以根据请求URI来路由呼叫的S-CSCF 522。如果是一种类型的服务，例如，北美电话查询服务，并且用户正在拨号411，则可以将呼叫路由到本地网络，并且在本地网络中修改URI，以指示这种服务应该在访问网络中执行。因此，S-CSCF 522将呼叫路由回到访问网络，到S-CSCF 524，以便路由到MGCF 526并且到可以由应用服务器提供服务的PSTN 530。在某些实施例中，用户在访问网络中拨号＊traffic，P-CSCF将请求URI修改成traffic reportvisited.com，并且不经过本地网络将它发送给访问网络中的应用服务器。由于在访问网络中处理请求，这可以减少在本地网络中用于本地服务的信令和资源。
图6A和6B例示了依照已公开主题的一些实施例的注册呼叫流。图6A和6B包括移动节点610、callLeg 612、P-CSCF 614、I-CSCF 616、用户接口(subintf)618、HSS 620、S-CSCF 622、本地高速缓冲存储器(lccache)624、以及SIP多路分解器626。S-CSCF 622可以与在这个进程中处在网关内的注册器(未示出)通信。移动节点610可以在628将注册消息，譬如，UMM_MSG_REGISTER发送给callLeg612。callLeg 612可以是处在例如CSCF中的数据结构。callLeg 612可以在630将注册消息发送给P-CSCF 614。在632，P-CSCF可以检查注册消息，确定它是注册消息，并且在634将返回消息发送给callLeg612。作出响应，callLeg 612可以在636将注册消息发送给I-CSCF 616。I-CSCF 616可以在638将用户注册询问发送给用户接口618。用户接口618可以是例如处在图3的会话管理器310的呼叫处理层320中的软件。用户接口618还可以将可以是用户简档的一部分并可用于用户级和设备级两者上的验证的各种数据存储在本地高速缓冲存储器624中。
根据例如用户ID、用户简档信息、和/或用户请求的服务，用户接口618在640将用户注册询问发送给本地用户服务器(HSS)620，以请求例如S-CSCF为这个用户服务。HSS 620可以在642利用标识S-CSCF的信息，以及例如标识用户呼叫来自哪个网络的信息作出响应。HSS 620还可以确定例如用户的公开ID是否与消息中的用户私有ID相关联。公开ID可以是例如记录的用户地址。私有ID可以是例如，国际移动用户识别码(IMSI)。在642，可以将在响应中提供的信息传递给用户接口618，在644，传递给I-CSCF 616，并在646，传递给callLeg 612。如果例如用户从没有漫游协议的网络呼叫，则可以拒绝为用户服务，这样的拒绝可以在646在结果中指出。在648，响应于在646接收结果，并可能根据该结果，callLeg 612可以将注册消息发送给S-CSCF 622(S-CSCF 622可以在642已经由HSS 620识别并可以起SIP注册器的作用)。
响应于在648接收注册消息，S-CSCF 622可以在650将用户信息的请求发送给用户接口618。其结果是，用户接口618在652向HSS620请求用户信息。HSS 620在654将这个信息提供给用户接口618，用户接口618又在656将该信息传递给S-CSCF 622。这个信息可以包括，例如，公开用户ID、私有用户ID、联系、注册失效日期、注册状态(例如，有效、失效)、服务路由首部/路径首部、授权向量(包括，例如，用户加密口令、对用户提问的加密响应、用户提问、以及站点密钥)和/或用户简档。S-CSCF 622可以在658和/或660将用户信息的各种部分存储在本地高速缓冲存储器624和/或SIP多路分解器626中。
S-CSCF 622可以在662(图6B)将消息与至少一些用户信息一起发送给callLeg 612。这个消息可以是例如ReturnResult_401消息。另外，这个消息可以包括站点密钥。在一些实施例中，如果例如这是用户第一次利用这个特定移动设备登录到网络上，则可能要求用户回答诸如“你喜欢的颜色是什么”或“你大姐的名字是什么”的至少一个提问。这些提问可以从例如HSS 620、web服务器、高速缓冲存储器624、SIP多路分解器626检索到，和/或可以在656在用户信息中接收到。对在662接收返回结果消息作出响应，callLeg 612可以在664将响应消息发送给P-CSCF 614，P-CSCF 614可以在666建立诸如P-CSCF614和移动设备之间的安全关联(SA)隧道的隧道。P-CSCF 614可以在668将响应消息发送回callLeg 612，以及callLeg 612可以在670将响应消息发送给移动节点610。在一些实施例中，例如，如果P-CSCF614未对在662接收返回结果消息作出响应而建立起隧道，则callLeg612可以在670将消息响应发送给移动节点610。
在672接收到来自移动节点610的响应之后，注册消息被发送给callLeg 612。I-CSCF 616可以在676核实在674接收的注册消息是否与在628接收的注册消息相同的用户相关联。这种核实可以通过比较在674接收的注册消息中的用户ID与存储在例如高速缓冲存储器624中的信息来进行。一旦得到成功核实，I-CSCF 616就可以在678将指示核实成功的返回结果消息发送给callLeg 612。callLeg 612可以在680将注册消息发送给S-CSCF 622。在682，S-CSCF可以证实在680接收的各段信息是正确的。例如，可以证实对提问的回答、口令、和/或私有用户ID。
S-CSCF 622可以在684将指示移动设备和用户得到授权和验证的注册通知发送给用户接口618。作出响应，用户接口618可以在686将注册通知发送给HSS 620。HSS 620可以在688利用用户的用户简档作出响应，以及用户接口618可以在690将用户简档发送给S-CSCF622。S-CSCF 622可以在692和/或694通过发送消息来更新高速缓冲存储器624和/或SIP多路分解器626中的所有或部分用户信息。S-CSCF还可以在696将成功验证和授权的指示发送给callLeg 612。callLeg612可以在698将诸如UMM_MSG_200OK_REGISTER的注册消息发送给移动节点610，然后用户可以开始使用网络。
一旦通过通信网络注册了移动节点，就将信息高速缓存在网关中和/或存储在HSS中，该信息可以用于获取有关移动节点的位置信息。该位置信息可以与HSS、网关中的本地高速缓冲存储器、和/或位置注册功能(LRF)中的IP地址相关联。获取的位置信息可以是将移动节点放置在物理位置上的任何信息。这个位置信息可以用在例如移动节点不能发送位置信息的时候。在非IMS顺从移动节点中，情况可能就是这样。此外，像在Wi-Fi网络中工作的双模移动节点那样，通过例如分组数据互通功能(PDIF)互通的移动节点也是这样。通过当移动节点注册时，将位置信息与移动节点的IP地址相关联并更新位置信息，可以将位置信息用于其它网络部件，以提供基于位置的服务。例如，这可以包括紧急服务，以及交通咨询、通行咨询、和餐馆信息。
图7例示了依照某些实施例在紧急呼叫中使用位置信息的消息传送。图7包括移动节点710、P-CSCF 712、I-CSCF 716、E-CSCF/SIP-AS(紧急-呼叫会话控制功能/会话发起协议-应用服务器)718、位置注册功能/本地用户服务器(LRF/HSS)720、以及公共服务回答点/多媒体资源控制器(PSAP/MRFC)722。可以通过在访问网络中的P-CSCF712接收到的邀请消息724来发起紧急呼叫。访问网络可以使用将IP地址与位置信息相关联的高速缓存信息将消息发送给访问网络中的E-CSCF/SIP-AS 718。这可以绕过本地网络以减小延迟。E-CSCF/SIP-AS 718利用公开URI 728与LRF/HSS 720联系，以获取可以用于将呼叫引向最近的PSAP 722的紧急服务询问密钥(ESQK)和/或位置信息和路由信息730。将邀请732发送给PSAP/MRFC 722，以发起基于SIP的语音呼叫。200 OK消息734可以用于传递信息并建立语音呼叫。E-CSCF/SIP-AS 718将200 OK消息736传递给P-CSCF 712，P-CSCF 712将200 OK消息738传递给MN 710。在开始紧急呼叫之前可以传递回确认消息。在图7的例子中，位置信息用于从P-CSCF 712路由到E-CSCF 718，而在一些实施例中，可以从可以实现P-CSCF的网关的高速缓冲存储器传递到E-CSCF/SIP-AS。这可以允许不能发送位置信息的移动节点使用基于位置的服务。
图8例示了依照某些实施例将基于位置的服务提供给移动节点的拓扑结构。图8包括双模移动节点810、移动节点812、毫微微小区814、WiFi接入点816、无线电接入网(RAN)818、网关820、SIP应用服务器822、以及本地用户服务器(HSS)824。网关可以包括诸如本地代理/外地代理(HA/FA)826、接入网关828、分组数据互通功能(PDIF)830、SIP应用服务器832、CSCF核心834、以及毫微微网关836的逻辑功能。双模移动节点810可以在WiFi网络和诸如CDMA或UMTS的蜂窝式网络上工作(通过RAN 818)。在一些实施例中，接入点816可以通过PDIF 830与服务提供者的网络互连以进行语音呼叫。通过PDIF或其它互通功能接收服务的移动节点在消息传送中也许不能传递基于位置的信息。可以通过利用其它注册信息来检索基于位置的信息，然后高速缓存该信息并将该信息与像IP地址那样的移动节点标识信息相关联，基于位置的服务可被扩展到移动节点。在一些实施例中，WiFi接入点816通过PDIF 830接入网络，PDIF830对于接入点来说可以是本地的。PDIF 830的位置信息可以用于确定移动节点的相对位置，并且可以在访问网络中本地地路由来自移动节点的基于位置的请求。
可以驻留在CSCF核心834中的P-CSCF可以提供基于位置的服务的路由。例如，通过使用高速缓存的信息或对等服务器表，P-CSCF可以将访问网络内的移动节点请求路由到应用服务器，以在移动节点本地提供基于位置的服务(例如，诸如SIP app服务器822和832的访问网络中的应用服务)。在一些实施例中，基于位置的信息可在HSS824中存储和更新，并且可以由SIP应用服务器822来检索。
在一些实施例中，在机架中实现上述网关。这个机架可以实现许多不同的集成功能。在一些实施例中，可以在机架上实现接入网关、分组数据服务节点(PDSN)、外地代理(FA)、或本地代理(HA)。在其它实施例中也可以在机架上实现的其它类型功能是网关通用分组无线电服务服务节点(GGSN)、服务GPRS支持节点(SGSN)、分组数据互通功能(PDIF)、接入服务网网关(ASNGW)、基站、接入网、用户面实体(UPE)、IP网关、接入网关、会话发起协议(SIP)服务器、代理-呼叫会话控制功能(P-CSCF)、以及查询-呼叫会话控制功能(I-CSCF)。在某些实施例中，将一种或多种上述其它类型的功能集成在一起或由同一功能提供。例如，可以将接入网与PDSN集成。机架可以包括PDSN、FA、HA、GGSN、PDIF、ASNGW、UPE、IP网关、接入网关、或任何其它可应用接入接口设备。在某些实施例中，机架由美国Starent Networks，Corp.of Tewksbury，Massachusetts在ST16或ST40多媒体平台上提供。
下面进一步描述依照一些实施例实现企业接入网关的机架的特征。机架包括用于装载应用卡和线卡的插槽。可以在机架中使用中间面，以提供机架内通信、电源连接、以及各种安装卡之间的传输路径。中间面可以包括诸如交换结构、控制总线、系统管理总线、冗余总线、和时分多路复用(TDM)总线的总线。交换结构是通过建立应用卡与线卡之间的卡间通信而实现的整个机架内用于用户数据的基于IP的传输路径。控制总线互连机架内的控制和管理处理器。机架管理总线提供诸如供电、监视温度、板状态、数据路径错误、卡重置、和其它故障转移特征的系统功能的管理。冗余总线在硬件出故障的情况下提供用户数据的传输和冗余链路。TDM总线对系统上的语音服务提供支持。
机架至少支持两种类型的应用卡：交换处理器卡和分组加速卡。交换处理器卡用作机架的控制器，并且负责像初始化机架和将软件配置装载到机架中的其它卡上那样的事情。分组加速卡提供分组处理和转发能力。每个分组加速卡能够支持多个上下文。硬件引擎可以配有支持压缩、分类业务调度、转发、分组过滤、和统计汇集的并行分布式处理的卡。
分组加速卡可以通过使用控制处理器和网络处理单元来进行分组处理操作。网络处理单元确定分组处理要求；向/从各种物理接口发送和接收用户数据帧；作出IP转发判决；实现分组过滤、流插入、删除、和修改；进行业务管理和业务设计；修改/加入/剥去分组首部；以及管理线卡端口和内部分组传输。也处在分组加速卡上的控制处理器提供基于分组的用户服务处理。线卡当装载在机架中时，提供输入/输出连通，并且还可以提供冗余连接。
在一些实施例中，机架的ST40实施例可以支持系统管理卡(SMC)和分组服务卡(PSC)。系统管理卡是用于管理和控制机架中的其它卡的系统控制和管理卡。分组服务卡是除了别的以外，还提供多线程点到点、分组数据处理、和上下文处理能力的高速处理卡。
操作系统软件可以基于Linux软件内核并运行机架中的特定应用，诸如监视任务和提供协议栈。软件允许为控制和数据路径分开分配机架资源。例如，某些分组加速卡可以专用于执行路由或安全控制功能，而其它分组加速卡专用于处理用户会话业务。随着网络要求变化，在一些实施例中可以动态地部署硬件资源以满足要求。系统可以虚拟成支持服务的多个逻辑实例，诸如技术功能(例如，PDSN、ASNGW、PDIF、HA、GGSN、或IPSG)。
机架的软件可被分成执行特定功能的一系列任务。如有需要，这些任务相互通信，以便在整个机架内共享控制和数据信息。任务是执行与系统控制或会话处理有关的特定功能的软件进程。在一些实施例中，在机架内执行三种类型的任务：关键任务、控制任务、和管理任务。关键任务控制与机架处理呼叫的能力有关的功能，诸如机架初始化、错误检测、和恢复任务。控制任务对用户隐藏软件的分布式性质并执行诸如监视从属管理器的状态的任务，提供同一子系统内的管理器内通信，以及通过与属于其它子系统的控制器通信来使能子系统间通信。管理任务可以控制系统资源以及保持系统资源之间的逻辑映射。
运行在应用卡中的处理器上的各个任务可被分成子系统。子系统是执行特定任务或者是多个其它任务的最高者的软件单元。单个子系统可以包括关键任务、控制任务、和管理任务。可以运行在机架上的一些子系统包括系统启动任务子系统、高可用性任务子系统、恢复控制任务子系统、共享配置任务子系统、资源管理子系统、虚拟专用网络子系统、网络处理单元子系统、卡/插槽/端口子系统、以及会话子系统。
系统启动任务子系统负责在系统启动时启动一组初始任务并按照需要提供各个任务。高可用性任务子系统与恢复控制任务子系统一起工作，以便通过监视机架的各种软件和硬件部件来保持机架的操作状态。恢复控制任务子系统负责为出现在机架中的故障执行恢复动作，并且从高可用性任务子系统接收恢复动作。共享配置任务子系统向机架提供设置、检索、和接收机架配置参数变化的通知的能力，并且负责为运行在机架内的应用程序存储配置数据。资源管理子系统负责将资源(例如，处理和存储能力)分配给任务以及监视任务的资源使用。
虚拟专用网络(VPN)子系统管理机架中的VPN相关实体的管理和操作方面，包括创建分立VPN上下文、在VPN上下文内开始IP服务、管理IP池和用户IP地址、以及在VPN上下文内分发IP流信息。在一些实施例中，在机架内，在特定VPN上下文内完成IP操作。网络处理单元子系统负责上面为网络处理单元列出的许多功能。卡/插槽/端口子系统负责协调与卡活动有关地发生的事件，诸如新插入卡上的端口的发现和配置，并确定如何将线卡映射到应用卡。在一些实施例中，会话子系统负责处理和监视移动用户的数据流。例如，移动数据通信的会话处理任务包括：CDMA网络的A10/A11终止、GPRS和/或UMTS网络的GSM隧道协议终止、异步PPP处理、分组过滤、分组调度、Difserv码点标记、统计收集、IP转发、和AAA服务。对这些项目每一个的负责可以分布在从属任务(叫做管理器)上，以便提供更有效处理和更大冗余。分立会话控制任务用作调节和监视管理器并与其它有效子系统通信的集成控制节点。会话子系统还管理专门用户数据处理，诸如净荷变换、过滤、统计收集、整理、和调度。
在一些实施例中，实现进程或数据库所需的软件包括像C、C++、C#、Java、或Perl那样的高级过程或面向对象的语言。如果需要，该软件也可以用汇编语言实现。在机架中实现的分组处理可以包括由上下文确定的任何处理。例如，分组处理可能涉及高级数据链路控制(HDLC)成帧、首部压缩、和/或加密。在某些实施例中，将软件存储在像只读存储器(ROM)、可编程只读存储器(PROM)、电可擦除可编程只读存储器(EEPROM)、闪速存储器或磁盘那样，可被通用或专用处理单元读取以执行在这个文件中所述的进程的存储媒体或器件中。
尽管在前面的示范性实施例中已经描述和例示了本发明，但应该明白，本公开只是通过例子作出的，可以不偏离只由所附权利要求书限定的本发明的精神和范围地对本发明的实现细节作出许多改变。

Claims (8)

1.一种提供基于位置的信息的网关，包括：
驻留在网关中并与高速缓冲存储器通信的呼叫会话控制功能CSCF；
所述高速缓冲存储器驻留在计算机可读介质中并存储移动节点的寻址和位置信息；
当移动节点注册时，所述CSCF在高速缓冲存储器中创建条目；
所述CSCF使用注册信息来获取位置信息并为移动节点将位置信息存储在高速缓冲存储器中；以及
所述CSCF使用基于位置的信息来为移动节点获取基于位置的服务。
2.如权利要求1所述的网关，其中，存储在高速缓冲存储器中的位置信息与寻址信息相关联。
3.如权利要求1所述的网关，进一步包括所述CSCF将位置信息发送给外部数据库以便存储。
4.如权利要求1所述的网关，进一步包括所述CSCF将基于位置的服务请求路由到与网关相同的访问网络中的应用服务器。
5.一种提供基于位置的信息的方法，包括：
在驻留在网关中的呼叫会话控制功能CSCF处接收注册请求；
将有关移动节点的信息高速缓存在驻留在网关中的高速缓冲存储器中；
利用有关移动节点的信息为移动节点检索基于位置的信息；
接收对基于位置的服务的请求；以及
利用以前检索的基于位置的信息来路由所述对基于位置的服务的请求，以便为移动节点路由所述对基于位置的服务的请求。
6.如权利要求5所述的方法，进一步包括将基于位置的信息存储在驻留在网关中的高速缓冲存储器中，以及将基于位置的信息与移动节点的寻址信息相关联。
7.如权利要求5所述的方法，进一步包括将所述对基于位置的服务的请求路由到与从移动节点接收所述对基于位置的服务的请求的CSCF相同的访问网络中的应用服务器。
8.如权利要求5所述的方法，进一步包括将基于位置的服务提供给启用非IP多媒体子系统IMS的移动节点。
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