CN101578175B - 聚合物材料的焊接以及由其形成的结构体 - Google Patents

聚合物材料的焊接以及由其形成的结构体 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN101578175B
CN101578175B CN2007800489355A CN200780048935A CN101578175B CN 101578175 B CN101578175 B CN 101578175B CN 2007800489355 A CN2007800489355 A CN 2007800489355A CN 200780048935 A CN200780048935 A CN 200780048935A CN 101578175 B CN101578175 B CN 101578175B
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
polymer blend
blend compositions
polypropylene
weight
typically
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
CN2007800489355A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
CN101578175A (zh
Inventor
詹姆斯·T·谢利斯加
詹姆斯·D·厄尔贝格
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Dow Global Technologies LLC
Original Assignee
Dow Global Technologies LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dow Global Technologies LLC filed Critical Dow Global Technologies LLC
Publication of CN101578175A publication Critical patent/CN101578175A/zh
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN101578175B publication Critical patent/CN101578175B/zh
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/06—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using friction, e.g. spin welding
    • B29C65/0609—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using friction, e.g. spin welding characterised by the movement of the parts to be joined
    • B29C65/0618—Linear
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/06—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using friction, e.g. spin welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/08—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/82—Testing the joint
    • B29C65/8207—Testing the joint by mechanical methods
    • B29C65/8215—Tensile tests
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/82—Testing the joint
    • B29C65/8207—Testing the joint by mechanical methods
    • B29C65/8238—Impact tests
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/114—Single butt joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/124—Tongue and groove joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/302—Particular design of joint configurations the area to be joined comprising melt initiators
    • B29C66/3022—Particular design of joint configurations the area to be joined comprising melt initiators said melt initiators being integral with at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/30223—Particular design of joint configurations the area to be joined comprising melt initiators said melt initiators being integral with at least one of the parts to be joined said melt initiators being rib-like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/32—Measures for keeping the burr form under control; Avoiding burr formation; Shaping the burr
    • B29C66/324—Avoiding burr formation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/32—Measures for keeping the burr form under control; Avoiding burr formation; Shaping the burr
    • B29C66/324—Avoiding burr formation
    • B29C66/3242—Avoiding burr formation on the inside of a tubular or hollow article
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/54—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/712—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined the composition of one of the parts to be joined being different from the composition of the other part
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/737—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/737—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7377—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined amorphous, semi-crystalline or crystalline
    • B29C66/73773—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined amorphous, semi-crystalline or crystalline the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being semi-crystalline
    • B29C66/73774—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined amorphous, semi-crystalline or crystalline the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being semi-crystalline the to-be-joined areas of both parts to be joined being semi-crystalline
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/832—Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/8322—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/10—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using hot gases (e.g. combustion gases) or flames coming in contact with at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B29C65/106—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using hot gases (e.g. combustion gases) or flames coming in contact with at least one of the parts to be joined using flames coming in contact with at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/13—Single flanged joints; Fin-type joints; Single hem joints; Edge joints; Interpenetrating fingered joints; Other specific particular designs of joint cross-sections not provided for in groups B29C66/11 - B29C66/12
    • B29C66/131—Single flanged joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being rigid and flanged in the joint area
    • B29C66/1312—Single flange to flange joints, the parts to be joined being rigid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/54—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles
    • B29C66/547—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles, e.g. endless tubes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/723—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/731—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7311—Thermal properties
    • B29C66/73117—Tg, i.e. glass transition temperature
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/731—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7313—Density
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/733—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, e.g. fluorescence, phosphorescence
    • B29C66/7332—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, e.g. fluorescence, phosphorescence at least one of the parts to be joined being coloured
    • B29C66/73321—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, e.g. fluorescence, phosphorescence at least one of the parts to be joined being coloured both parts to be joined being coloured
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/74—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material
    • B29C66/742—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material to metals or their alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/74—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material
    • B29C66/746—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material to inorganic materials not provided for in groups B29C66/742 - B29C66/744
    • B29C66/7465—Glass
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/92—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/929—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools characterized by specific pressure, force, mechanical power or displacement values or ranges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/94—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the time
    • B29C66/949—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the time characterised by specific time values or ranges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2021/00—Use of unspecified rubbers as moulding material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2021/00—Use of unspecified rubbers as moulding material
    • B29K2021/003—Thermoplastic elastomers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2023/00—Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2023/00—Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
    • B29K2023/04—Polymers of ethylene
    • B29K2023/06—PE, i.e. polyethylene
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2023/00—Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
    • B29K2023/10—Polymers of propylene
    • B29K2023/12—PP, i.e. polypropylene
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2025/00—Use of polymers of vinyl-aromatic compounds or derivatives thereof as moulding material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2027/00—Use of polyvinylhalogenides or derivatives thereof as moulding material
    • B29K2027/06—PVC, i.e. polyvinylchloride
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2055/00—Use of specific polymers obtained by polymerisation reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, not provided for in a single one of main groups B29K2023/00 - B29K2049/00, e.g. having a vinyl group, as moulding material
    • B29K2055/02—ABS polymers, i.e. acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene polymers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2063/00—Use of EP, i.e. epoxy resins or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2067/00—Use of polyesters or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2069/00—Use of PC, i.e. polycarbonates or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2075/00—Use of PU, i.e. polyureas or polyurethanes or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2077/00—Use of PA, i.e. polyamides, e.g. polyesteramides or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2083/00—Use of polymers having silicon, with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon only, in the main chain, as moulding material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2096/00—Use of specified macromolecular materials not provided for in a single one of main groups B29K2001/00 - B29K2095/00, as moulding material
    • B29K2096/005—Ionomers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2101/00—Use of unspecified macromolecular compounds as moulding material
    • B29K2101/10—Thermosetting resins
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2101/00—Use of unspecified macromolecular compounds as moulding material
    • B29K2101/12—Thermoplastic materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/0005—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing compounding ingredients
    • B29K2105/0044—Stabilisers, e.g. against oxydation, light or heat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/0085—Copolymers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/0088—Blends of polymers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
    • B29K2105/16—Fillers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2305/00—Use of metals, their alloys or their compounds, as reinforcement
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2309/00—Use of inorganic materials not provided for in groups B29K2303/00 - B29K2307/00, as reinforcement
    • B29K2309/08—Glass
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
    • B29K2995/0018—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds having particular optical properties, e.g. fluorescent or phosphorescent
    • B29K2995/002—Coloured
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
    • B29K2995/0037—Other properties
    • B29K2995/004—Semi-crystalline
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
    • B29K2995/0037—Other properties
    • B29K2995/0041—Crystalline
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/30—Vehicles, e.g. ships or aircraft, or body parts thereof
    • B29L2031/3005—Body finishings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/30—Vehicles, e.g. ships or aircraft, or body parts thereof
    • B29L2031/3005—Body finishings
    • B29L2031/3008—Instrument panels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/30—Vehicles, e.g. ships or aircraft, or body parts thereof
    • B29L2031/3044—Bumpers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/48—Wearing apparel
    • B29L2031/50—Footwear, e.g. shoes or parts thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/48—Wearing apparel
    • B29L2031/50—Footwear, e.g. shoes or parts thereof
    • B29L2031/501—Boots

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及聚合物材料的焊接以及通过这种焊接所形成的结构体。所述材料优选为热塑性材料，所述热塑性材料是一种或多种热塑性聚烯烃与一种或多种弹性体的共混物。一种优选的焊接技术是振动焊接。

Description

聚合物材料的焊接以及由其形成的结构体
申请日的权益要求
本申请要求在2007年1月11日提交的美国申请序列号11/622,191的权益，为了所有目的将该美国申请的全部内容通过引用结合在此。
发明领域
本发明涉及聚合物材料的焊接以及通过这种焊接所形成的结构体。更具体地，本发明涉及热塑性材料的焊接(例如振动焊接)，其中所述热塑性材料是一种或多种热塑性聚烯烃与一种或多种弹性体的共混物。
发明背景
聚合物材料的焊接例如振动焊接可用于各种加工制品的加工和制造。例如，焊接可用于形成和制造以下物品的结构：机动车辆、家庭用品、器具、电子产品(例如收音机、计算机、电话)、住宅、建筑物、宇航飞船、家具等。尽管通常至少在一定程度上可以将一个聚合物构件焊接到几乎任何第二种聚合物材料上，但是不同聚合物材料对焊接的接受性(susceptibility)可以非常显著地变化。这种可变性可以导致表现出还依赖于进行焊接的材料、所使用的焊接技术、这两者的组合等而变化的特性如焊接强度、焊接韧性(weld toughness)等的焊接。
工业界已经表达了对于这样的聚合物材料和/或焊接技术的期望和需要，它们可以形成表现出所需特性如易于焊接、良好的焊接强度、良好的焊接韧性、这些特性的组合或其它特性的焊缝(weld)。此外，如果这种材料本身另外表现出可能与或不与可焊性相关的其它所需性质，比如结构完整性、延展性、适宜的美感、耐擦伤性、这些性质的组合等，则该材料可能是特别适宜的。因此，本发明提供聚合物材料、焊接该材料的技术和通过该材料的焊接所形成的结构体，其中所述材料能够形成出人意料地表现出所需特性的焊缝，并且其中所述材料除表现出可焊性以外还可以表现出一种或多种所需特性。
附图简述
图1是根据本发明的一方面进行的示例性焊接加工的示意图。
图1A是具有根据本发明的焊缝的示例性结构体的示意图。
图2是要根据本发明的一方面被焊接的构件的示意图。
图2A是图2的构件以适于根据本发明的一方面焊接的方式彼此接触的示意图。
图3是适于根据本发明的一方面测试焊接强度的示例性测试装置的透视图。
图3A是图3的示例性测试装置测试焊缝的焊接强度的透视图，所述焊缝将图2和2A的构件固定在一起。
发明详述
本发明涉及聚合物材料的焊接(例如振动焊接)加工，其中所述聚合物材料能够形成具有一种或多种所需特性的焊缝。本发明还涉及包括一个或多个用所述聚合物材料形成的焊缝的结构体。所述聚合物材料通常由热塑性聚烯烃、弹性体并且优选地与一种或多种添加剂构成，所述添加剂可以包括但不限于：填料、抗氧化剂、模塑剂、胺、酰胺、上述这些的组合等。热塑性聚烯烃可以由一种或多种热塑性塑料组成，但是典型地包括聚丙烯(PP)、聚乙烯(PE)或这二者，其中至少部分聚丙烯和/或聚乙烯具有较高的结晶。弹性体可以包括各种弹性体，但是优选包括一种或多种线型乙烯共聚物或共聚体(也称为“LEP”)和/或一种或多种基本上为线型的乙烯共聚物或共聚体(也称为“SLEP”)。如在此使用的，SLEP典型地包括LEP。
聚合物材料可以包括各种聚合物，比如热塑性聚合物、可热固化聚合物、弹性体或上述这些的任何组合。合适的塑料材料可以包括而不限于：可热固化的塑料，如聚氨酯、环氧树脂，或热固性硅氧烷和热塑性塑料，如聚碳酸酯类(“PC”)、ABS、聚丙烯(“PP”)、高抗冲聚苯乙烯(“HIPS”)、聚乙烯(“PE”)、聚酯、polyacetyl、热塑性弹性体、热塑性聚氨酯类(“TPU”)、尼龙、离聚物(例如Surlyn)、聚氯乙烯(“PVC”)，还包括这些热塑性塑料和/或热固体中的两种以上比如PC和ABS的共混物。当然，聚合物材料可以包括本发明范围内的其它聚合物或添加剂。
聚合物材料
根据优选实施方案，聚合物材料包括相当大部分的热塑性聚烯烃，并且更具体地，包括相当大部分的聚丙烯、聚乙烯或这二者。聚合物材料或组合物典型地包括至少约40重量％(但是可以更少)、更典型地至少约60重量％并且还更典型地至少约75重量％的聚丙烯、聚乙烯或它们的组合。聚合物材料还典型地包括少于约95重量％(但是可以更多)、更典型地少于约90重量％，并且可能少于约85重量％的聚丙烯、聚乙烯(例如HDPE或LDPE)或它们的组合。
聚合物组合物的相当大部分的热塑性聚烯烃典型地是较高结晶的。因此，较高百分比的聚丙烯、聚乙烯或它们的组合是全同立构和/或具有高于一定预定值的结晶。热塑性聚烯烃将典型地由一些成分(例如聚丙烯、聚乙烯或这二者)组成，使得其中至少50％但是可能更少、更典型地至少70％并且甚至更典型地至少85重量％的热塑性聚烯烃具有高于约40％、更典型地高于约50％并且甚至更典型地高于约60％、再更典型地高于约65％并且甚至可能高于约75％的结晶度。
百分比结晶度是根据ASTM D3417，通过示差扫描量热法测量的。将毫克量级(size)的聚合物样品密封到铝DSC锅中。将样品放置到DSC炉中，用25立方厘米/分钟的氮气吹扫并且冷却到-100C。通过以10℃/分钟加热到225℃为样品建立标准热历史(standard thermal history)。然后将样品冷却(以10℃/分钟)到-100℃并且以10℃/分钟再加热到225℃。记录观察到的第二次扫描的熔化热(ΔH观察)。所观察到的熔化热通过以下等式与基于聚丙烯样品重量的重量百分比形式的结晶度相关：
Figure G2007800489355D00031
其中如B.Wunderlich，大分子物理(Macromolecular Physics)，第3卷，晶体熔化(Crystal Melting)，Academic Press，纽约，1980，第48页中所报道的，全同立构聚丙烯的熔化热为165焦耳/克聚合物。
典型地，优选热塑性聚烯烃的较高结晶部分由一种或多种聚丙烯(例如一种聚丙烯或2、3、4或更多种聚丙烯的共混物)的至少60％、更典型地至少75％、甚至更典型地至少95％或甚至基本上全部或全部组成。然而，热塑性聚烯烃的一定百分比的较高结晶部分或另一部分可以是聚乙烯(例如HDPE)。当被包含时，聚乙烯典型地占热塑性聚烯烃的约1％至约15％之间。
聚烯烃的较高结晶部分，不论其全部是一种或多种聚丙烯或其包括聚乙烯或其它，都典型地具有在所需范围内的熔体流动速率(MFR)。该MFR典型地小于约29g/10min、更典型地小于约22g/10min并且甚至更典型地小于约20g/10min，但是典型地大于约0.1g/10min、更典型地大于约0.5g/10min并且可能大于约4g/10min，但是除非另外说明，否则更高或更低的值也可以是可行的。
在一个实施方案中，热塑性聚烯烃优选包括具有第一或更低MFR的第一聚丙烯和具有第二或更高MFR的第二聚丙烯。第一聚丙烯的熔体流动速率(MFR)小于约50g/10min(在230℃、2.16kg)(例如，约1至约50g/10min，更特别地约3至约20g/10min，并且再更特别地约6g/10min至约13g/10min)。第一聚丙烯可以是纯聚丙烯或共混聚丙烯，但是典型地是聚丙烯均聚物，但这不是必需的，除非另外说明。当包含第一聚丙烯时，该第一聚丙烯典型地为聚合物材料重量的至少约1％、更典型地至少约10％并且甚至更典型地至少约25％，但是典型地小于约95％、更典型地小于约85％并且甚至更典型地小于约70％。
当包含第二聚丙烯时，该第二聚丙烯的熔体流动速率(MFR)典型地为小于约70g/10min(在230℃、2.16kg)(例如，约1至约55g/10min、更特别地约5至约45g/10min，并且再更特别地约25g/10min至约40g/10min)。第二聚丙烯可以是纯聚丙烯或共混聚丙烯，但是典型地是聚丙烯均聚物，但这不是必需的，除非另外说明。当包含第二聚丙烯时，该第二聚丙烯典型地为聚合物材料重量的至少约0.1％、更典型地至少约5％并且甚至更典型地至少约8％，但是典型地小于约60％、更典型地小于约40％并且甚至更典型地小于约22％。
还预期热塑性聚烯烃可以包含一种或多种更低结晶等级的聚丙烯、聚乙烯或这二者(即，结晶低于第一和第二聚丙烯的结晶的聚丙烯等级)，其可以是全同立构、间同立构或无规立构的。当被包含时，这种更低结晶材料将典型地占整个聚合物材料重量的至少约0.5％、更典型地至少约2.0％，并且甚至更典型地至少约6％，而且尽管可能更高，但是典型地小于约25％，更典型地小于约16％，并且甚至更典型地小于约10％。
将适于作为高结晶聚丙烯、第一或第二聚丙烯、它们的组合或更低结晶聚丙烯的数种聚丙烯以PP-1、PP-2和PP-3在本文中列出并且在下面加以讨论。当然，其它的可以如在本文中所描述的那样或另外方式使用。
聚合物材料的弹性体可以包括各种弹性体，但是典型地包括相当大部分的热塑性弹性体，并且所述热塑性弹性体典型地包括一种或多种聚烯烃和/或α-烯烃弹性体(例如，SLEP、LEP或这二者)。热塑性弹性体可以是纯弹性体或共混物。特别优选的是基本上线型的和线型的乙烯聚合物(SLEP)。在美国专利5,272,236；5,278,272；3,645,992；4,937,299；4,701,432；4,937,301；4,935,397；5,055,438；和EP 129,368；EP 260,999；和WO 90/07526中充分描述了基本上线型的乙烯聚合物和线型乙烯聚合物以及它们的制备方法，这些专利全部通过引用结合在此。
如在此所使用的，“线型或基本上线型的乙烯聚合物”表示乙烯的均聚物或乙烯和一种或多种α-烯烃共聚单体的共聚物，它们具有线型主链(即没有交联)、特定且有限量的长链支化或没有长链支化、窄分子量分布、窄组成分布(例如对于α-烯烃共聚单体)或上述这些的组合。在美国专利6,403,692中论述了对这样的聚合物的更多解释，为了所有目的将该美国专利通过引用结合在此。
在优选实施方案中，一种或多种聚烯烃弹性体将各自包括α-烯烃共聚单体。示例性的α-烯烃包括丙烯、1-丁烯、1-己烯、4-甲基-1-戊烯、1-庚烯、1-辛烯、1-癸烯、1-十二烯、1-十六烯、4-甲基-1-戊烯、2-甲基-1-丁烯、3-甲基-1-丁烯、3，3-二甲基-1-丁烯、二乙基-1-丁烯、三甲基-1-丁烯、3-甲基-1-戊烯、乙基-1-戊烯、丙基-1-戊烯、二甲基-1-戊烯、甲基乙基-1-戊烯、二乙基-1-己烯、三甲基-1-戊烯、3-甲基-1-己烯、二甲基-1-己烯、3，5，5-三甲基-1-己烯、甲基乙基-1-庚烯、三甲基-1-庚烯、二甲基辛烯、乙基-1-辛烯、甲基-1-壬烯、乙烯基环戊烯、乙烯基环己烯和乙烯基降冰片烯，其中烷基支化位置不是特定的，其通常在烯烃和苯乙烯的3以上的位置。α-烯烃理想地为C3-C20或C3-C10α-烯烃。优选共聚物包括EP、EB、乙烯/己烯-1(EH)和EO聚合物。示例性的三元共聚物包括乙烯/丙烯/辛烯三元共聚物以及乙烯、C3-C20α-烯烃和二烯如二环戊二烯、1，4-己二烯、戊间二稀或5-亚乙基-2-降冰片烯的三元共聚物。聚烯烃弹性体可以具有小于约0.9g/cc的密度、约0.1至约30g/10min(在190℃、2.16kg)、并且更特别地约0.5至约25g/10min(在190℃、2.16kg)的熔体流动速率，并且可以具有低于约-30℃的玻璃化转变温度，或它们的任意组合。在此所使用的材料任选地基本上不含EPDM橡胶。
在聚合物材料中，弹性体将典型地以小于约60重量％、更特别地小于约50重量％、并且更特别地小于约25重量％，但是典型地大于约1重量％、更典型地大于约7重量％并且还更典型地大于约10重量％的聚合物材料的量存在。除非另外说明，否则也可以使用更高或更低量的弹性体。弹性体的构成典型地使得弹性体包含相当大量的聚烯烃弹性体或其全部是聚烯烃弹性体。典型地，至少50％(尽管可能更少)、更典型地至少约70％并且甚至更典型地至少约90重量％的弹性体由一种或多种以上讨论的聚烯烃弹性体(例如，SLEP、LEP或这二者的组合)构成。还预期弹性体可以全部、基本上全部或主要由一种或多种如本文中所讨论的SLEP、LEP或它们的组合构成。包括弹性体或主要由弹性体构成的合适材料的实例可以以
Figure G2007800489355D00061
的名称(例如包括EG-8100、EG-8150和/或EG-8200)商购自陶氏化学公司。
为了获得所需结果，在某些实施方案中，可能需要热塑性塑料或聚烯烃弹性体(例如SLEP、LEP或这二者)的量在一个范围内，该范围依赖于聚合物材料的热塑性聚烯烃的较高结晶部分的熔体流动速率。已经发现，通常理想的是聚合物材料内的聚烯烃弹性体的重量百分比(W)根据以下等式随热塑性聚烯烃的高结晶部分的MFR(M)变化：
W＝0.43(M)+15.8
因此，对于高结晶部分的给定MFR，热塑弹性体并且更具体而言聚烯烃弹性体的重量百分比典型地在由根据上述等式的(W)以及(W)的约±30％、更典型地±20％并且甚至更典型地±10％并且甚至可能±5％而确定的范围。例如，对于MFR(M)为8，聚烯烃弹性体的重量百分比(W)是聚合物材料的19.24重量％±10％或约17.316重量％至约21.164重量％。已经发现在根据本文的教导使用填料的量和种类时这种关系特别有用，但是该关系也可能另外有用。
有利地，已经发现所需性能(例如，耐擦伤性和耐损伤性以及在此或另外讨论的其它性能)可以通过热塑性聚烯烃和聚烯烃弹性体的适当平衡而获得，尤其是如果成分被适当选择而无需接枝聚合物的情况下。因此，预期本发明的聚合物材料将基本上不含任何接枝聚合物或可以主要由非接枝聚合物组成。然而，还预期这些组分可以被包含在聚合物材料中，除非另外说明。
这样，预期热塑性聚烯烃并且特别是一种或多种聚丙烯可以是纯聚合物、均聚物或这二者。然而，另外预期这些术语和这种材料可以允许一定程度的杂质，以指明的任何组分的重量计，所述杂质典型地小于5％、更典型地小于2％并且还更典型地小于0.8％。
除非另外说明，否则本文中的“熔体流动速率”和“熔体指数”通过ISO 1133确定。对于聚丙烯、聚乙烯或它们的组合，测试在230℃用2.16kg重量进行。对于弹性体，测试在190℃和2.16kg进行。
聚合物材料还可以包含填料。该填料可以是聚合物材料重量的至少约4％(但是可能更少)、更典型地至少约9％、还更典型地至少约14％，并且再更典型地至少约17％，并且还典型地为聚合物材料重量的小于约50％(但是可能更多)、更典型地小于约35重量％、还更典型地小于约25重量％，并且再更典型地小于约22重量％。
填料可以包括多种不同的填充材料或一种单一的填充材料。合适的填充材料的实例包括而不限于：粘土、芳族聚酰胺、碳酸钙、滑石、高岭土、云母、硅灰石、空心玻璃珠、氧化钛、二氧化硅、炭黑、玻璃纤维、钛酸钾、硅酸盐材料、它们的组合等，它们可以采取粉末、片晶或其它形式。一种优选的填充材料是滑石，并且在优选实施方案中，填料包含至少约50％、更典型地至少约85％并且甚至更典型地至少约95％的滑石。还预期填料全部由滑石构成，而在聚合物材料中没有任何其它填充材料。一种优选的滑石是以商品名JETFIL 7C出售的粉末状滑石，它可商购自LuzenacInc.，423 Wyecroft Rd.，Oakville，ON。
尽管预期填料可以包含煅烧过的填充材料，但是在聚合物材料的一个优选实施方案中，填料基本上不含任何煅烧过的填充材料，或由未煅烧过的填充材料组成，或主要由未煅烧过的填充材料组成。因此，预期聚合物材料、填料或这二者均包含少于约5重量％、并且更优选少于约1重量％、并且还更优选少于约0.1重量％的任何煅烧过的填充材料，并且可能完全不含任何煅烧过的填充材料。
还预期聚合物材料可以包括各种其它添加剂，比如表面活性剂、增韧剂、增强剂(strength agent)、阻燃添加剂(ignition resistant additive)、稳定剂、着色剂、抗氧化剂、抗静电剂、防滑助剂(slip-aid)(即用于防止滑动)、助流剂(flow enhancer)、成核剂，包括澄清剂等。添加剂的优选实例是阻燃添加剂，例如但不限于：卤代烃类、卤代碳酸酯低聚物、卤代二环氧甘油醚类、有机磷化合物、氟化烯烃类、氧化锑和芳族硫(aromatic sulfur)的金属盐、或可以使用它们的混合物。此外，可以使用使热塑性组合物对抗由热、光和氧但不限于这些所导致的降解而稳定的化合物或这些化合物的混合物。一种优选的添加剂是抗氧化剂，当被包含时，它典型地以总体聚合物材料的较小重量百分比(例如，少于约1或2％)被包含。一种优选的抗氧化剂是可商购自Ciba Specialy Chemicals Corporation的IRGANOX B225抗氧化剂。Irganox B225抗氧化剂是1份Irganox 1010抗氧化剂和1份Irgafos168亚磷酸三(2，4-叔丁基苯基)酯的共混物。另一种优选的添加剂是模塑剂(molding agent)(例如，蜡、脱模剂(mold relief)或防滑助剂)。一种优选的模塑剂是含氮或氨基的化合物如氨或酰胺。作为蜡的一种优选的含氮化合物是以商品名KENAMIDE ULTRA E出售的芥酸酰胺(erucamide)，可商购自康涅狄格州Middlebury的Chemtura公司。
可以根据各种方案将聚合物材料的各种组分混合和/或复合。本发明的填充聚合物材料的制备可以通过本领域已知的任何合适的包括如下过程的混合方法完成：将各个的组分干混并且随后直接在用于制备成品(例如汽车部件)的挤出机中熔融混合，或者在独立的挤出机(例如班伯里密炼机)中预混合后在用于制备成品(例如汽车部件)的挤出机中熔融混合。组合物的干混物还可以不经预熔融混合而被直接注射模塑。
当本发明的填充热塑性组合物通过施加热而软化或熔融时，可以单独或以组合形式采用常规技术如压缩模塑、注射模塑、气辅注射模塑(gasassisted injection molding)、压延、真空成型、热成型、挤出和/或吹塑，而将其制作成制品的构件或部件。填充的热塑性组合物还可以在适用于这些目的的任何机器上被成型、旋压(spun)或拉伸成膜、纤维、多层层压体或挤出片材，或可以与一种或多种有机或无机物质复合。本发明的填充热塑性组合物优选被注射模塑。
在一个优选实施方案中，预期将聚合物材料的组分以这样的方式结合，将除热塑性聚烯烃的较高结晶部分以外的基本上全部或全部组分混合到一起以形成混合物，随后将该混合物与高结晶部分混合。例如，混合物可以由更低结晶聚丙烯、弹性体(例如，LEP、SLEP或这二者)、填料(例如滑石)、模塑剂(例如芥酸酰胺蜡)、抗氧化剂或它们的任何组合构成。然后，可以在稍后的时间如在模塑制品时(例如，在聚合物材料的注射模塑过程中或在即将进行聚合物材料的注射模塑之前)将混合物与高结晶部分结合(例如，熔融混合或共混)。
本发明的聚合物材料可以被用作各种加工制品的部件，然而，已经发现其尤其适合用于形成汽车部件如面板(panel)、仪表板(fascia)(例如保险杠仪表板(bumper fascia))、汽车阀内件(automotive trim)、引擎罩、车架(console)(例如中心悬梁(center overhead)和/或地板组件(floor assembly))保险杠、支柱、仪表板、手套箱组件或结构部件，所述手套箱组件包括门、膝挡板组件(knee bolster assembly)或仪表板固定组件。聚合物材料还可以被用于形成制品，比如雪上汽车引擎盖(snow mobile cowling)或车体覆盖件(body cover)、个人水上摩托车(personal water craft)引擎盖或车体覆盖件、全地形车(all terrain vehicle)引擎盖、挡泥板、面板或车体覆盖件、电器设备器件外壳、器具外壳、冰箱外壳(freezer container)；草坪和花园家具、建筑物和构造板材(building and construction sheet)、鞋、靴子、滑雪靴外壳，或滑板外壳等。
在一个优选实施方案中，将聚合物材料模塑以形成具有从完全制成的汽车的内部可见的表面的机动汽车的仪表板和/或仪表盘(dashboard)。应当理解可以向聚合物材料中添加一种或多种颜料或着色剂，使得部件或组件“模塑时着色(molded-in-color)”。有利地，当由本发明的聚合物材料形成时，仪表板或仪表盘可以具有多种所需性能，比如耐擦伤性和耐损伤性。
应当理解，无论什么部件或制品由本发明的聚合物材料形成，都可以添加组分以使该材料适应特定用途(例如，当用于形成汽车的外部组件时，可能需要向材料中添加紫外线稳定剂)。还应当理解，由本文中所描述的聚合物材料形成和焊接的部件在特别的加工制品的使用过程中可能是不可见的。例如，结构部件(例如，机动汽车的结构HVAC管(structural HVACduct))可以是不可见的，并且可以被焊接到可见部件(例如仪表盘或仪表板)的背面，所述可见部件可以是或可以不是由本发明的聚合物材料形成。
以下实施例示出本发明的各个方面。所显示的值是近似的，并且不应当被视为是对本发明的限制。如贯穿本说明书所公开的，加工参数(processing parameter)的变化是可能的。此外，所显示的结果也可以变化(例如，所述值的+/-10％或+/-25％或甚至更多)。
由本文中的教导所产生的材料、部件、构件或它们的表面将具有以下性能中的至少一个、两个(并且更特别地至少3个或全部)的组合；即，弯曲模量在约1300至约3000MPa、更特别地约1700至约2500MPa，并且还更特别地约1900至约2300MPa的范围内；多于约90％的样品，更具体地，约100％(在-40℃、-30℃或0℃)的样品在延性模式(ductile mode)(例如多轴落镖冲击试验(测量(instrumented)落镖冲击))中失败；根据FLTMBN108-13的耐擦伤性为至少约7牛顿、更典型地为至少约10、12或14牛顿(例如，至少约15牛顿)；和根据ISO 75的负载热变形(HDT)高于约180°F并且更典型地高于约203°F或211°F。
实施例
表I和II提供了根据本发明的聚合物材料的配方的实例(其成分更完整地描述于表后的段落中)，以及下面对聚合物材料中的一种进行的性能测定：
表I
  粒料   重量％
  PP-2   59.5
  S/LEP-1   17
  PP-1   6
  粉末
  TALC-1   17
  芥酸酰胺   0.3
  抗氧化剂   0.2
  性能   值
  IDI 32F延性失败数目   10/10
  IDI 32F总能(lbs)   417
  峰值能量(lbs)   257
  ISO DTUL 66psi平坦性(F)   219
  Lt.Cashmere Fawn2 grain 5手指刮痕(牛顿)   12
  MFR g/10min   6.9
  弯曲模量Mpa   2203
  弯曲强度Mpa   37
表II
 成分   重量％
 PP-2   25-85％
 PP-3   1-40％(更典型地1-30％)
 PP-1   1-10％
 S/LEP-1   10-25％
 TALC-1   5-20％
 抗氧化剂   0.01-0.5％
 防滑助剂(例如芥酸酰胺)   0.01-0.5％
应当理解，在不偏离本发明范围的情况下，可以代替、添加或移除上述配方中的各种成分。此外，预期所列出的上述成分的重量百分比和性能的值可以变化至或大于所列值的±5％、±10％、±25％或±50％。例如，10±10％的值产生9至11的范围。
聚合物材料的焊接
根据本发明的聚合物组合物或材料的焊接将典型地涉及将第一构件连接到第二构件上的一个或多个焊缝的形成。第一构件和第二构件可以在焊接前彼此是整体(例如彼此连接的)或可以在焊接前是独立的。潜在的合适焊接技术可以包括而不限于：激光焊接、焰焊、超声波焊接、电阻焊接、它们的组合等。在一个优选实施方案中，采用振动焊接形成焊缝。
第一构件和第二构件可以由本文中描述的聚合物材料形成。备选地，可以是这样的情况，即仅第一构件由本文中描述的聚合物材料形成，而第二构件可以由备选的材料如金属、玻璃、另一种聚合物材料、它们的组合等形成。应当理解，如在此所使用的，由特定材料或组合物形成的第一构件、第二构件或这二者意味着该构件可以部分、基本上全部或全部由所述特定材料形成。
根据本发明，焊接典型地表示第一构件的至少一部分或基本上全部被加热和软化(例如熔融)以形成软化或熔融的部分。第一构件的该部分或区域是由本文中描述的聚合物材料形成的，并且与第二构件的一部分接触。这种接触可以发生在加热和/或软化之前、之后或过程中。然后软化或熔融的部分通常被冷却并且形成将第一构件连接到第二构件上的焊缝。用于连接和形成焊缝的熔融部分可以在第二构件没有软化和/或熔融的情况下润湿并且连接到第二构件的表面上，然而，还可以是，第二构件也可以具有软化和/或熔融的部分并且与第一构件的软化部分混合。因此，在各种情况下，焊缝至少部分由本文中描述的聚合物材料形成(即，第一构件的聚合物材料和当第二构件包含这样材料时第二构件的潜在的聚合物材料)。
作为本发明的焊接加工特别是振动焊接加工的一个实例，参考图1。第一构件12的表面10与第二构件16的表面14接触，从而在表面10、14处形成界面18。向构件12、16中的一个或两个施加力，从而迫使第一构件12的表面10和第二构件16的表面14在界面18处彼此靠近(toward)。用于迫使表面彼此靠近的压力的量可以变化。尽管可能更低，但是这种压力典型地为至少约0.01MPa、更典型地为至少约0.1MPa，并且还更典型地为至少约1MPa，并且尽管可能更高，但是这种压力典型地小于约50MPa、更典型地小于约10MPa，并且还更典型地小于约5MPa。
在显示的实施方案中，第一构件12及其表面10以及第二构件16及其表面14是由相同的材料(即本文中描述的材料)形成的。然而，根据本文中所论述的布置，一个或多个构件12、16中的任何一个、一个或多个构件12、16的一部分，或一个或多个构件12、16的一个或多个表面10、14可以由不同的材料形成。
在这种压力的施加过程中，焊接机34(例如振动焊接机)的一个或多个接触件(例如，通常为上部和下部固定装置的第一接触件30和第二接触件32)与构件12、16接触。然后接触件30、32中的一个或多个振荡(例如振动)构件12、16中的一个或两个，使得表面10、14中的至少一个或两个相对于另一个移动(即，彼此相对地横向振荡)并且在界面18处产生摩擦热，从而将构件12、16中的一个或两个的表面10、14中的一个或两个和一个或多个部分38、40(即用虚线所示的部分)软化(例如熔融)至一个或多个构件12、16的深度。之后，如图1A中所示，软化或熔融的一个或多个部分38、40冷却以形成焊缝42。熔融部分的深度可以依赖于所采用的焊接技术的细节和要焊接的构件的尺寸和构造而变化，但是典型的焊接深度将介于约0mm和约5mm之间并且更典型地介于0.5mm和约2mm之间。
为了辅助焊接加工(尤其是振动焊接加工)，要被接触和焊接的表面中的一个或多个可以包含一个或多个肋条(rib)。这样的一个或多个肋条的实例参照图2和2A显示和论述，所述图2和2A显示了要被焊接到一起并且用于强度测试的构件。当使用这样的肋条时，应当理解，在振动焊接过程中，构件的振荡可能导致肋条沿肋条的长度和/或在相对于肋条的长度的角度上前后移动。作为一个实施例，构件可以包括彼此相互垂直的肋条(例如盒形肋条)并且振荡可以与所述肋条成45度角。
在本发明的实践中可以采用各种焊接机和设备。优选的振动焊接机的实例包括而不限于以以下商品名称出售的机器：VWB3900振动焊接机、VWB3500振动焊接机和VWB3700振动焊接机，它们可商购自Dukane公司，2900 Dukane Drive，St.Charles，IL 60174；DLVW-3648数字式(伺服驱动)线性振动焊接机、DLVW-2020数字式(伺服驱动)线性振动焊接机和DLVW-2046数字式(伺服驱动)线性振动焊接机，可商购自ForwardTechnology，260 Jenks Avenue，Cokato，Minnesota 55321；以及VW/6UH和VW/4L-1超声波型，可商购自Branson超声波公司，41 Eagle Rd.，Danbury，CT 06813-1961。
通常，预期根据本发明焊接的表面和部分可以基本上或完全是平面的或可以是等高的，并且本发明的焊缝可以辅助形成各种接合。作为实例，本发明的焊缝可以形成以下接合或是它们的一部分：对接、舌槽接合、公盈接合(interference joint)、搭接、平接、它们的组合等。此外，可以被焊接的示例性表面包括：棱角表面、相对的表面、斜面、凹面、凸面、联锁表面(interlocking surface)、弧形表面、几何表面、它们的组合等。
已经发现由本文中公开的聚合物材料或组合物形成的焊接可以表现出适宜的焊接强度。根据本发明的测试可以根据ASTM D-638测试，该标准技术按本文中描述修改。参考图2和2A，第一构件50和第二构件52由本文中描述的聚合物材料形成，包括限定空腔60的中央壁54和侧壁56、58。每个构件50、52另外包括从侧壁56、58延伸的法兰64、66。第一构件50的法兰64、66包括限定焊接位置井(welding location well)72的保护壁70，在此保护壁70可以防止遭受焊接闪光(weld flash)的影响。第二构件52的法兰64各自包括2英寸长、1/8英寸高和1/8英寸宽的焊接肋条74。如图2A中所示，第二构件52的肋条74(即每个肋条的表面)在焊接井72中与第一构件50的法兰64、66的表面76接触。之后，图2A中所示的构造中的构件50、52被振动焊接到一起以形成图3A的焊缝78，其中使用100磅的焊接力、0.070英寸的振动振幅、1.0mm的熔体、100磅的保持力、3.0秒的保持时间和5.0秒的焊接时间。
一旦构件50、52被焊接到一起，就使用标准拉伸试验机根据ASTMD-638的参数对它们进行拉伸试验，在所述标准拉伸试验机中例外的是在图3和3A中显示为金属钩形构件的改进的固定装置80、82被延伸到构件50、52的空腔60中，并且构件50、52的突部84位于构件50、52的开口88、90中。然后可以将构件50、52安全可靠地彼此移开，直至焊缝78损坏(fail)(即，破裂、断裂、发生塑性变形)。在所述条件下，焊缝表现出了至少约2.0焦耳、更典型地至少约2.5焦耳、甚至更典型地至少约3.0焦耳，并且还更典型地至少约3.5焦耳的断裂能。焊缝还表现出了至少约8mm、更典型地至少约8.8mm、甚至更典型地至少约9.6mm，并且还更典型地至少约10.5mm的最大位移。焊缝还经得住至少约400牛顿、更典型地至少约480牛顿、甚至更典型地至少约510牛顿，并且还更典型地至少约535牛顿的最大负荷。应当理解，尽管本文中公开了本发明的焊缝所需的性能，但是没有特别的性能是必需的，除非另外具体提及。
如表明的，尽管本发明的焊接技术和聚合物材料可以用于形成各种加工制品的各种结构体，但是特别确定了特别受益于本技术、材料或这二者的结构体的子集。实例包括手套箱门组件、膝挡板组件和结构管如汽车HVAC管。当然，应当理解，除非另外具体说明，否则本发明不限于任何特定结构体。
“PP-1”是一种高抗冲聚丙烯共聚物，其具有约12％的乙烯含量、0.89g/cm3的密度、在230℃和2.16kg的施加负荷下为1.2的熔体流动速率；
“PP-2”是可从陶氏化学公司以D118.01陶氏聚丙烯的形式得到的一种全同立构聚丙烯均聚物，其具有0.90g/cm3的密度和在230℃和2.16kg的施加负荷下为8的熔体流动速率；
“PP-3”是可从陶氏化学公司以D221的形式得到的一种全同立构聚丙烯均聚物，其具有0.90g/cm3的密度、在230℃和2.16kg的施加负荷下为35的熔体流动速率；
“S/LEP-1”是一种可从陶氏化学公司以ENGAGEEG 8200的形式得到的基本上为线型的乙烯/辛烯共聚物，其具有约0.87g/cm3的密度、在190℃和2.16kg的施加负荷下确定的5g/10min的熔体流动速率、2.1的分子量分布和大于50的CBDI；
“TALC 1”是一种可商购的未煅烧过的矿物滑石，可从Luzenac以JETFILTM 7C的形式得到，其具有1.5微米的平均粒度和10至12微米的最大粒度；
“芥酸酰胺(Erucamide)”是一种由式C22H43NO的不饱和脂肪酰胺形成的防滑剂或耐擦伤剂，并且也被称为顺式-13-二十二烯酸酰胺(cis-13-docosenoic amide)、(Z)-13-二十二烯酸酰胺((Z)-13-docosenamide)、芥酸酰胺(erucylamide)、(Z)-二十二-13-烯酸酰胺((Z)-docos-13-enamide)，并且可从Witco以KEMAMIDE.TM.的形式得到；以及
“IRGANOX.TM.B 225 FF”是可获自Ciba Geigy的薄片形式的IRGANOX 1010与亚磷酸三(2，4-二-叔丁基苯基)酯抗氧化剂的1∶1的混合物。
除非另外说明，否则测试优选根据以下说明进行：
“MFR”熔体流动速率是根据ISO 1133在于230℃和2.16kg的施加负荷工作的Kayness设备上测定的；
“弯曲正切模量”是根据ISO 178测定的。测试采用组合机械测试仪(United mechanical tester)进行；
“密度”是根据ISO 1183测量的；
“HDT”负载热变形是根据ISO 75在Ceast HDT 300 Vicat机上测定的，其中测试样品未退火并且在0.45MPa的施加压力下测试；
“落镖”测量冲击是根据ASTM D 3763采用MTS 810测量冲击测试仪在15英里/小时(MPH)冲击下测定的。测试结果在0℃测定。样品被检查并且判断为脆性断裂或延性破裂，测试结果报告具有延展性的样品的数目；以及
“耐擦伤性”水平根据Ford实验室测试法(FLTM BN108-13)测定。装置包括连接到5个梁(250mm长)的可移动的平台。刮针(scratch pin)被连接到每个梁的一端。每个针的末端上是高度磨光的硬化钢球(直径1.0+/-0.1mm)。每个针装载有在测试板(test plaque)的表面上施加力的砝码。可以选择以下4个力的级别：15牛顿(N)、12N、10N、7N和3N。梁被压缩空气推动，牵引针横穿板的表面，这产生刮痕或刮痕变白(scratch whitening)。保持约100mm/s的滑动速度。全部测试在测试前于25℃调节多于24小时的测试板上、于室温进行。报告不产生刮痕变白的最大的力的值。
应当理解，上述说明意为说明性而非限制性。对于本领域的技术人员，通过阅读上述说明，所提供的实施例以外的许多实施方案以及许多应用将是明显的。因此，本发明的范围不应当参考上述说明确定，而应当参考后附的权利要求确定，以及给予这些权利要求的等同内容的全部范围。为了所有目的将全部文章和参考资料(包括专利申请和公布)的公开内容通过引用结合在此。本文中公开的主题的任何方面在以下权利要求中的省略不是对该主题的放弃，也不应当将其视为本发明人没有考虑将该主题作为公开的发明主题的一部分。

Claims (12)

1.一种焊接聚合物材料的方法，所述方法包括：
提供具有表面的第一构件，其中所述第一构件和所述表面由聚合物共混组合物形成，并且所述聚合物共混组合物包含以下各项的混合物：
i.热塑性聚烯烃，所述热塑性聚烯烃包含基于所述热塑性聚烯烃的总重量为至少50重量％的结晶部分，所述结晶部分具有大于40％的结晶度；其中所述结晶部分包含一种或多种聚丙烯，并且其中所述结晶部分具有大于0.1g/10min的熔体流动速率，并且其中所述一种或多种聚丙烯包括聚丙烯均聚物；和
ii.10重量％至50重量％的聚烯烃弹性体；
提供具有表面的第二构件；
加热和软化所述第一构件的所述聚合物共混组合物的至少一部分；
使所述聚合物共混组合物的所述部分与所述第二构件接触，并且允许所述部分冷却和硬化，由此形成将所述第一构件连接到所述第二构件上的焊缝，所述焊缝至少部分地由所述聚合物共混组合物形成。
2.根据权利要求1中所述的方法，其中所述加热和软化所述聚合物材料的一部分的步骤包括将所述第一构件振动焊接到所述第二构件上。
3.根据权利要求1中所述的方法，其中所述第一构件部分由所述聚合物共混组合物形成。
4.根据权利要求1中所述的方法，其中所述第一构件全部由所述聚合物共混组合物形成。
5.根据权利要求1至4的任一项中所述的方法，其中所述加热和软化所述聚合物共混组合物的至少一部分的步骤包括：使所述第一构件的表面与所述第二构件的表面接触，并且使所述第一构件相对于所述第二构件振荡或使所述第二构件相对于所述第一构件振荡，由此形成使所述第一构件的所述聚合物共混组合物熔融的摩擦热。
6.根据权利要求1至4的任一项中所述的方法，其中所述第二构件和所述第二构件的所述表面部分或全部由所述聚合物共混组合物形成。
7.根据权利要求1至4的任一项中所述的方法，其中所述第二构件和所述第二构件的所述表面由不同于所述聚合物共混组合物的材料形成。
8.根据权利要求1至4的任一项中所述的方法，其中所述聚合物共混组合物包含：基于所述聚合物共混组合物的总重量为1至70重量％的第一聚丙烯，所述第一聚丙烯具有小于50g/10min的熔体流动速率；和基于所述聚合物共混组合物的总重量为0.1至60％的第二聚丙烯，所述第二聚丙烯具有小于70g/10min的熔体流动速率，其中所述第一聚丙烯和第二聚丙烯具有大于40％的结晶度，并且所述第二聚丙烯的熔体流动速率大于所述第一聚丙烯的熔体流动速率；并且
其中所述聚合物共混组合物中的所述聚烯烃弹性体的重量百分比随结晶度大于40％的热塑性聚烯烃的MFR(M)而变化，并且所述聚烯烃弹性体的重量百分比在W±30％的范围内，其中W根据以下等式确定：
W＝0.43(M)+15.8。
9.根据权利要求8中所述的方法，其中所述聚合物共混组合物包含：
iii.5％至40％的填料，所述填料包含至少80重量％的滑石；
iv.抗氧化剂；和
v.防滑或耐擦伤添加剂；
其中
所述热塑性聚烯烃还包括第三聚丙烯，所述第三聚丙烯占所述聚合物共混组合物的0.5至25重量％，
所述第三聚丙烯是结晶度更低的聚丙烯，并且
所述聚烯烃弹性体包含一种或多种SLEP和/或LEP。
10.根据权利要求1至4的任一项中所述的方法，其中所述提供第一构件的步骤包括：提供包含所述热塑性聚烯烃和所述聚烯烃弹性体的干混物的步骤。
11.根据权利要求1至4的任一项中所述的方法，其中所述聚合物共混组合物包含：基于所述聚合物共混组合物的总重量少于1重量％的煅烧过的填料。
12.根据权利要求1至4的任一项中所述的方法，其中所述聚合物共混组合物不含任何煅烧过的填料。
CN2007800489355A 2007-01-11 2007-12-12 聚合物材料的焊接以及由其形成的结构体 Active CN101578175B (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/622,191 2007-01-11
US11/622,191 US7862671B2 (en) 2007-01-11 2007-01-11 Welding of a polymeric material and structures formed thereby
PCT/US2007/087265 WO2008085649A1 (en) 2007-01-11 2007-12-12 Welding of a polymeric material and structures formed thereby

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN101578175A CN101578175A (zh) 2009-11-11
CN101578175B true CN101578175B (zh) 2012-10-10

Family

ID=39166441

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN2007800489355A Active CN101578175B (zh) 2007-01-11 2007-12-12 聚合物材料的焊接以及由其形成的结构体

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US7862671B2 (zh)
EP (1) EP2125333B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP5249241B2 (zh)
KR (1) KR101308165B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN101578175B (zh)
BR (1) BRPI0719635B1 (zh)
WO (1) WO2008085649A1 (zh)

Families Citing this family (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2041221B1 (en) * 2006-06-29 2014-06-04 Dow Global Technologies LLC PROCESSES and kit FOR MAKING THERMOPLASTIC ARTICLES USING AN IMPROVED MASTERBATCH
US8080607B2 (en) * 2006-08-16 2011-12-20 Dow Global Technologies Llc Polymeric material and process for forming and using same
US7862671B2 (en) 2007-01-11 2011-01-04 Dow Global Technologies Inc. Welding of a polymeric material and structures formed thereby
US20080318052A1 (en) * 2007-06-22 2008-12-25 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Molded-in-color panel and method for molding
WO2009114761A2 (en) * 2008-03-14 2009-09-17 Dow Global Technologies Inc. Improved process for shaping polymeric articles
US8529821B2 (en) 2009-01-30 2013-09-10 Dow Global Technologies Llc Polymeric compositions and filled TPO articles having improved aesthetics
US9682512B2 (en) 2009-02-06 2017-06-20 Nike, Inc. Methods of joining textiles and other elements incorporating a thermoplastic polymer material
US20100199406A1 (en) * 2009-02-06 2010-08-12 Nike, Inc. Thermoplastic Non-Woven Textile Elements
US8251435B2 (en) * 2010-07-19 2012-08-28 Inoac Corporation Spoiler
CN102514194B (zh) * 2012-01-11 2015-01-28 东莞市钜大电子有限公司 超声波模具速调装置及其操作方法
CN102601996A (zh) * 2012-02-24 2012-07-25 代荣超音波设备（上海）有限公司 塑胶振动摩擦液压式熔接机的工作方法及液压式熔接装置
WO2013142798A1 (en) * 2012-03-23 2013-09-26 Cutting Dynamics, Inc. Snap together structural component
CN102785364A (zh) * 2012-08-30 2012-11-21 湖南航天机电设备与特种材料研究所 飞艇囊体材料非涂层面焊接加工方法
JP6249483B2 (ja) * 2014-02-05 2017-12-20 アルプス電気株式会社 プッシュスイッチ
US20150230539A1 (en) * 2014-02-17 2015-08-20 Calzaturificio Dal Bello S.R.L. Sport Footwear for Practicing Winter Sports and Corresponding Method of Production
JP6394566B2 (ja) * 2015-10-22 2018-09-26 トヨタ自動車株式会社 接合体の製造方法
CN106079422B (zh) * 2016-08-09 2018-03-20 浙江新新包装机械有限公司 尿片袋宽边焊接机构
KR102381843B1 (ko) * 2017-12-07 2022-04-04 주식회사 엘지화학 레이저 용접용 접합재 및 이를 이용한 레이저 용접 방법
KR102452002B1 (ko) * 2017-12-26 2022-10-06 현대자동차주식회사 레이저 융착용 폴리프로필렌 수지 조성물 및 이를 포함하는 운송 수단용 성형품

Family Cites Families (42)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DD20232A (zh) * 1957-01-09 1900-01-01
CA849081A (en) * 1967-03-02 1970-08-11 Du Pont Of Canada Limited PRODUCTION OF ETHYLENE/.alpha.-OLEFIN COPOLYMERS OF IMPROVED PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
ZA844157B (en) 1983-06-06 1986-01-29 Exxon Research Engineering Co Process and catalyst for polyolefin density and molecular weight control
US4937299A (en) * 1983-06-06 1990-06-26 Exxon Research & Engineering Company Process and catalyst for producing reactor blend polyolefins
US4701432A (en) * 1985-11-15 1987-10-20 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Supported polymerization catalyst
EP0260999A1 (en) 1986-09-19 1988-03-23 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. High pressure, high temperature polymerization of ethylene
US5194509A (en) * 1986-11-20 1993-03-16 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Peroxide-free grafting of homopolymers and copolymers of ethylene having densities equal to or greater than 0.930 g/cm3, and use of the graft copolymers for the preparation of ionomers of adhesion promoters
US5055438A (en) * 1989-09-13 1991-10-08 Exxon Chemical Patents, Inc. Olefin polymerization catalysts
US4937301A (en) * 1987-12-17 1990-06-26 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Method for preparing a supported metallocene-alumoxane catalyst for gas phase polymerization
US4935397A (en) * 1988-09-28 1990-06-19 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Supported metallocene-alumoxane catalyst for high pressure polymerization of olefins and a method of preparing and using the same
DE68929006T2 (de) 1988-12-26 1999-10-07 Mitsui Chemicals Inc Olefincopolymere und Verfahren zur Herstellung davon
US5272236A (en) * 1991-10-15 1993-12-21 The Dow Chemical Company Elastic substantially linear olefin polymers
US5278272A (en) * 1991-10-15 1994-01-11 The Dow Chemical Company Elastic substantialy linear olefin polymers
DE69433719T2 (de) 1993-08-19 2005-03-24 General Electric Co. Mineralgefüllte thermoplastische Formmasse
KR100277378B1 (ko) * 1995-11-24 2001-01-15 고또오 슈운기찌 프로필렌조성물및그제조방법과폴리프로필렌조성물및성형품
KR100293375B1 (ko) * 1996-03-05 2001-07-12 고지마 류조 차량램프및그진동용착방법
JP3328166B2 (ja) * 1997-06-12 2002-09-24 株式会社小糸製作所 車両用灯具の振動溶着方法及びその振動溶着装置
JPH11349746A (ja) * 1998-06-04 1999-12-21 Mitsubishi Chemical Corp 樹脂組成物
EP0997496B1 (en) * 1998-10-26 2006-03-01 Toray Industries, Inc. Weldable polyamide resin compositions production thereof, and moulded products thereof
US6177515B1 (en) * 1998-12-17 2001-01-23 Montell Technology Company Bv Polypropylene graft copolymers with improved scratch and mar resistance
JP3832129B2 (ja) * 1999-02-05 2006-10-11 株式会社プライムポリマー ポリプロピレン樹脂組成物および射出成形品
SE518553C2 (sv) 1999-06-09 2002-10-22 Borealis As Profil för fönster och dörrar av propensegmentsampolymer med kärnbildande medel och fyllmedel
US6329454B1 (en) * 1999-12-08 2001-12-11 The Dow Chemical Company Filled propylene polymer composition
US6300419B1 (en) * 1999-12-08 2001-10-09 The Dow Chemical Company Propylene polymer composition
US20020061976A1 (en) 2000-09-15 2002-05-23 Krabbenborg Franciscus J.T. Propylene polymer composition
KR100412452B1 (ko) * 2001-03-08 2003-12-31 현대자동차주식회사 폴리프로필렌 수지 조성물
US6403692B1 (en) * 2001-04-19 2002-06-11 Dow Global Technologies Inc. Filled thermoplastic composition
SG120908A1 (en) * 2002-01-24 2006-04-26 Sumitomo Chemical Co Polypropylene-based resin composition and injection molded article comprising the same
US6797089B2 (en) * 2002-02-20 2004-09-28 Branson Ultrasonics Corporation Energy management system and welding process therefor
KR100475946B1 (ko) * 2002-06-05 2005-03-10 한일이화주식회사 내충격성 및 내스크래치성이 우수한 자동차 도어 트림용폴리프로필렌 수지 조성물
US6734253B2 (en) 2002-07-19 2004-05-11 Dow Global Technologies, Inc. Scratch and mar resistant propylene polymer composition
JP4041705B2 (ja) * 2002-07-19 2008-01-30 日産自動車株式会社 自動車内装成形品
US8003725B2 (en) 2002-08-12 2011-08-23 Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. Plasticized hetero-phase polyolefin blends
JP2004168112A (ja) 2002-11-18 2004-06-17 Hitachi Chem Co Ltd 自動車用インストルメントパネル
US6967225B2 (en) * 2003-05-05 2005-11-22 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Scratch-resistant polypropylene composition
MXPA06012719A (es) 2004-05-05 2007-02-14 Dow Global Technologies Inc Composicion de polimero de propileno resistente al rayado.
US8034858B2 (en) * 2004-09-15 2011-10-11 Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited Polypropylene resin composition and injection molded article made from the same
KR20080041185A (ko) 2005-06-24 2008-05-09 다우 글로벌 테크놀로지스 인크. 충전된 ｔｐｏ 조성물로부터 제조된 자동차 물품 및 이의제조 방법
US20070117909A1 (en) * 2005-10-27 2007-05-24 Dow Global Technologies Inc. Process for forming a reinforced polymeric material and articles formed therewith
WO2007124303A2 (en) * 2006-04-19 2007-11-01 Dow Global Technologies, Inc. Method for blending materials in an extruder, the manufactured article and material pre-mix
US8080607B2 (en) * 2006-08-16 2011-12-20 Dow Global Technologies Llc Polymeric material and process for forming and using same
US7862671B2 (en) 2007-01-11 2011-01-04 Dow Global Technologies Inc. Welding of a polymeric material and structures formed thereby

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2008085649A1 (en) 2008-07-17
JP5249241B2 (ja) 2013-07-31
BRPI0719635B1 (pt) 2019-03-06
BRPI0719635A2 (pt) 2013-12-17
US7862671B2 (en) 2011-01-04
JP2010515603A (ja) 2010-05-13
US20080169055A1 (en) 2008-07-17
EP2125333B1 (en) 2016-10-26
CN101578175A (zh) 2009-11-11
KR101308165B1 (ko) 2013-09-12
KR20090097190A (ko) 2009-09-15
EP2125333A1 (en) 2009-12-02

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN101578175B (zh) 聚合物材料的焊接以及由其形成的结构体
CN101506294B (zh) 聚合物材料及形成和使用该聚合物材料的方法
US6967225B2 (en) Scratch-resistant polypropylene composition
KR101161914B1 (ko) 가소화된 헤테로 상 폴리올레핀 블렌드
US6784252B2 (en) Blow moldable propylene polymer compositions
US20090093576A1 (en) Appearance Propylene Polymer Composition
CN102838804A (zh) 树脂组合物及由其制备的逆变器元件
CN102675744A (zh) 树脂组合物和由其制备的照明装置元件
JP4691283B2 (ja) ポリオレフィン系樹脂組成物およびその成形体
EP1664186A1 (en) Glass-filled prolylene polymer composition
JP6939676B2 (ja) エアバッグ収納カバー用熱可塑性エラストマー組成物及びエアバッグ収納用カバー
US20210179830A1 (en) Polymer Composition Comprising Polypropylene
WO2021080803A1 (en) Impact copolymer compositions

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
C06 Publication
PB01 Publication
C10 Entry into substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
C14 Grant of patent or utility model
GR01 Patent grant