CN101569618A - 一类长链脂肪酸衍生物或含其的植物提取物在抑制芳香化酶活性中的应用 - Google Patents
一类长链脂肪酸衍生物或含其的植物提取物在抑制芳香化酶活性中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了如式5所示的一类长链脂肪酸衍生物或含其的植物提取物在制备抑制芳香化酶活性制剂、预防或治疗前列腺增生疾病的药物组合物中的应用。本发明的应用开拓了该化合物新的应用领域,同时也为上述领域的病症的预防和治疗提供了新的途径。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一类长链脂肪酸衍生物或其植物提取物的新应用。
背景技术
良性前列腺增生(benign prostatic hyperplasia,BPH)是老年男性常见的生理病变,当病变引起排尿梗阻等一系列症状时称为前列腺增生症。国外1075例尸检报告表明:在25~30岁时,10%的男性可在显微镜下见到早期的前列腺增生病变;随着年龄的增长,经组织学诊断的前列腺增生的发生率也相应增加;至51~60岁,其发病率增加为75%;至85岁时,约有90%的男性有组织学上的前列腺增生病变。由上可见,随着我国人口老龄化的加速,由老龄引起的前列腺增生的发病率不断上升,良性前列腺增生症也越来越成为我国亟待解决的重要问题。良性前列腺增生的发病率很高,但其发病机理迄今尚未完全阐明。前列腺增生可能是一组多病因的疾病,其发病机制也是错综复杂的。BPH药物治疗的方向就是针对其各种可能的发病机制和存在因素,根据这些理论和文献报道,我们总结出多个成熟的和新的抗BPH药物的作用靶点,包括α1-肾上腺素受体、5α-还原酶、芳香化酶、磷酸二酯酶-5、糖酵解酶和环氧合酶-2等。
目前,临床上用于治疗前列腺增生的药物主要有:α1-肾上腺受体拮抗剂、5α-还原酶抑制剂、天然产物制剂等。由于前列腺增生发病原因错综复杂而且需要长期服药,只针对某一特定靶点的α1-受体阻断剂、5α-还原酶抑制剂等合成药物在长期服用中出现了一定的副作用,如低血压,阳痿、性功能障碍、头痛等,且治疗效果不够理想,从而限制这些药物在前列腺增生治疗中的应用。天然产物制剂具有整体性、多靶点和多成分协同作用的特点,特别是花粉制剂不影响体内激素分泌平衡,毒副作用小,适用于长期服用的特点,越来越受到患者的欢迎。
动物实验和临床研究均表明,雌激素在前列腺增生的发生、发展过程中均扮演着非常重要的角色。随着年龄的增加,男性体内的雌激素较稳定或稍有增加,与青年男性相比,老年男性血浆及前列腺组织内的雌/雄激素比例升高。而这种性激素平衡的改变可能诱导前列腺基质活性从而引BPH。有研究显示,前列腺基质增生中结合状态的雌性激素能够激活细胞合成和分泌细胞外基质蛋白,在细胞周围形成一层致密的纤维结缔组织,进而参与前列腺增生的发生发展。在最初的间质增生中,雌性激素的作用是主要的;在前列腺增生的过程中,雌雄性激素具有协同作用,因而有人称雌性激素是前列腺基质生长的刺激剂。鉴于雌激素在BPH中的重要作用,可使用抑制雌激素合成的方法,如使用芳香化酶抑制剂治疗前列腺增生。男性体内的雌激素主要是由雄激素前体转化而来,芳香化酶P450是这一转变过程的关键酶和限速酶。它是以NADPH为辅酶、细胞色素P450为介质的混合功能氧化酶。理论上,芳香化酶抑制剂具有治疗良性前列腺增生等一切激素依赖性疾病的潜在效果。并且目前已有一些使用芳香化酶抑制剂治疗BPH的实验报道:一种较弱的芳香化酶抑制剂睾内酯的治疗结果显示,50%的BPH患者症状改善,可自行排尿、前列腺体积减小30%,残余尿量明显减少。Michaud报道用一种独特的新型芳香化酶抑制剂TZA-2237进行动物(犬)实验,发现TZA-2237能够有效抑制雄激素和雌激素,可导致犬前列腺的基质细胞萎缩。但关于用芳香化酶治疗BPH的临床报道还不多,其疗效也需进一步验证。随着临床对雌激素在BPH中作用的逐渐认识,开发新的芳香酶抑制剂治疗BPH可能是下阶段药物治疗的方向之一。
近年来,人们通过药效筛选,在天然产物中已发现黄酮、香豆素、萜类、脂肪酸和多酚等多类化合物具有芳香化酶抑制活性,并通过结构改造获得了一系列衍生物。文献报道过游离脂肪酸的抑制芳香化酶活性。(J.Nat.Prod.2006,69,700-703;Cancer Res 2006,66(24):12026-12033)
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是为通过抑制芳香化酶活性进行前列腺增生疾病的预防或治疗提供一种新途径,而公开了一类长链脂肪酸衍生物的新应用。
本发明公开了如式5所示的一类长链脂肪酸衍生物或含其的植物提取物在制备抑制芳香化酶活性制剂中的应用,以及进一步在制备预防或治疗前列腺增生疾病用的药物组合物中的应用。
式5
其中,B为N-(2-羟乙基)、山梨醇基、果糖基或H;
如式5所示的化合物优选为:
如式1所示的N-(2-羟乙基)亚麻酰胺(结构鉴定可参见文献:A.E.Karaulov,V.G.RybinD,V.Kuklev,V.N.Akulin.Chemistry of NaturalCompounds.2004,40(3):222-226):
式1
如式2所示的亚麻酸果糖苷(结构鉴定可参见文献:韩慧英,《前列康及其原料油菜花粉Brassica napus L_pollen活性成分的研究》,沈阳药科大学硕士学位论文,2004,11-80,CNKi数据库,万方数据检索系统):
式2
如式3所示的棕榈酸山梨醇酯(结构鉴定可参见文献:P.Junkui,A.Shuji.Biocatalysis and Biotransformation,2004,22(4):269-274.G.W.Schnarr,D.M.Wyas,W.A.Szarek,et al.J Chem Soc Perkin I,1979,2:4961-4966):
式3
或如式4所示的二羟基十八碳二烯酸(结构鉴定可参见文献:E.H.Oliw.Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications.1983,111(2):644-651.)。
式4
上述化合物中,N-(2-羟乙基)亚麻酰胺和亚麻酸果糖苷的制备方法均可参考上述文献:韩慧英,《前列康及其原料油菜花粉Brassica napus L_pollen活性成分的研究》,2004,11-80。
本发明中,所述的植物提取物可为油菜花粉或玉米花粉提取物等,较佳的为油菜花粉提取物。
本发明所述的长链脂肪酸衍生物或含其的植物提取物,可按常规的药物制备方法,添加常规的赋形剂或药学上可接受的载体,可制得各种剂型的药物组合物。其在各单一活性成分或两个以上活性成分的混合物加入相关的赋形剂,制成片剂、胶囊、软胶囊、液体制剂、颗粒剂、煎膏剂、丸剂、悬浮剂、分散剂、糖浆剂、栓剂、注射剂。其中的赋形剂包括粘合剂,如聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、羟丙基纤维素等;崩解剂,如羧甲基纤维素钠、低取代羟丙纤维素等;稀释剂,如淀粉、糖粉、糊精、微晶纤维素、甘露醇、乳糖、大豆油等,润滑剂,如硬脂酸镁、滑石粉;甜味剂,如蔗糖、果糖、天冬甜素等;稳定剂,如羧甲基纤维素钠、环糊精等;防腐剂,如对羟基苯甲酸乙酯、苯甲酸钠等。所述的药物组合物的活性成分的用药剂量较佳的为0.025~0.10mg/Kg体重/天。
本发明所用的试剂和原料均市售可得。
本发明的积极进步效果在于:本发明公开了如式5所示的一类长链脂肪酸衍生物或含其的植物提取物具有明显的抑制芳香化酶活性的作用,可有效防治前列腺增生疾病。
具体实施方式
下面用实施例来进一步说明本发明,但本发明并不受其限制。
实施例1N-(2-羟乙基)亚麻酰胺、二羟基十八碳二烯酸、亚麻酸果糖苷和棕榈酸山梨醇酯的制备
1)超临界提取:将市售的油菜破壁花粉(安徽省宣城市百康蜂业生产)60℃减压干燥24小时,然后将干燥后的破壁花粉在40℃,萃取釜压力40MPa,分离釜I温度35℃、压力12MPa,分离釜II温度25℃、压力5MPa,以花粉重量8%重的浓度为95v/v%乙醇为夹带剂进行超临界二氧化碳(45L/小时的循环用量)萃取2.0小时,得到超临界萃取部分,收集超临界萃取物。
2)大孔树脂富集:采用大孔树脂柱层析(10倍样品质量的DA201树脂,天津汇达化工有限公司或安徽三星树脂科技有限公司,120cm*6cm规格的柱子),对超临界提取部分进行进一步的富集、纯化。将超临界萃取得到的提取物上大孔树脂柱。采用10倍柱体积的65%体积浓度的乙醇水溶液进行洗脱,收集洗脱液,减压回收溶剂,蒸干,得到有效部位。
3)柱层析:将上述有效部位拌硅胶上柱,进行硅胶(300-400目)柱层析(十倍于样品质量的硅胶,120cm*6cm规格的柱子),用石油醚-乙酸乙酯进行梯度洗脱,梯度为体积比10∶1→8∶1→6∶1→4∶1→2∶1→1∶1→1∶2,每个梯度所用混合溶剂量为6倍柱体积,得到I~VII部分,分别收集上述梯度2∶1和1∶1洗脱部分,溶剂蒸干,得到洗脱部分V和洗脱部分VI。
4)纯化:将上述步骤所得的洗脱部分V拌硅胶上柱,进行硅胶(300-400目)柱层析(10倍于样品质量的硅胶,80cm*4cm规格的柱子),以10倍柱体积的氯仿-甲醇(体积比20∶1)洗脱,每次收集四分之一柱体积的层析液,收集前30个洗脱部分,第2~5流份合并,减压回收溶剂,得到化合物N-(2-羟乙基)亚麻酰胺,第21~24流份合并,减压回收溶剂,得到化合物二羟基十八碳二烯酸。
将上述步骤所得的洗脱部分VI进行硅胶(300-400目)柱层析(10倍于样品质量的硅胶,80cm*4cm的柱子),用10倍柱体积的氯仿-甲醇(体积比10∶1)洗脱,每次收集四分之一柱体积的层析液,收集30个洗脱部分,第1~3流份合并,减压回收溶剂,得到化合物亚麻酸果糖苷,第20~22流份合并,减压回收溶剂,得到化合物棕榈酸山梨醇酯。
实施例2N-(2-羟乙基)亚麻酰胺、1-亚麻酸甘油酯、二羟基十八碳二烯酸、亚麻酸果糖苷和棕榈酸山梨醇酯的制备
1)提取:取破壁后油菜花粉,粉碎,以10ml/g油菜花粉的比例用体积浓度为95%乙醇水溶液加热回流3次,滤过,合并滤液,减压回收溶剂,得相对密度为1.28的流浸膏,以2ml水/g流浸膏的比例溶于水中,依次用石油醚、氯仿和乙酸乙酯萃取,每次萃取溶剂用量为水溶液等体积,每种溶剂萃取多次,至近乎无色。取乙酸乙酯萃取部分,减压回收溶剂,蒸干,得有效部位。
2)柱层析:将上述有效部位拌硅胶上柱,进行硅胶(300-400目)柱层析(10倍于样品质量的硅胶,120cm*6cm规格的柱子),用石油醚-乙酸乙酯进行梯度洗脱,梯度为体积比10∶1→8∶1→6∶1→4∶1→2∶1→1∶1→1∶2,每个梯度所用混合溶剂量为6倍柱体积,得到I~VII部分,分别收集上述梯度2∶1和1∶1洗脱部分,溶剂蒸干,得到洗脱部分V和洗脱部分VI。
3)纯化:将上述步骤所得的洗脱部分V拌硅胶上柱,进行硅胶(300-400目)柱层析(10倍于样品质量的硅胶,80cm*4cm规格的柱子),以10倍柱体积的氯仿-甲醇(体积比20∶1)洗脱,每次收集四分之一柱体积的层析液,收集前30个洗脱部分,第2~5流份合并,减压回收溶剂,得到化合物N-(2-羟乙基)亚麻酰胺,第21~24流份合并,减压回收溶剂,得到化合物二羟基十八碳二烯酸。
将上述步骤所得的洗脱部分VI进行硅胶(300-400目)柱层析(10倍于样品质量的硅胶,80cm*4cm的柱子),以10倍柱体积的氯仿-甲醇(体积比10∶1)洗脱,每次收集四分之一柱体积的层析液,收集前三十个洗脱部分,第1~3流份合并,减压回收溶剂,得到化合物亚麻酸果糖苷,第20~22流份合并,减压回收溶剂,得到化合物棕榈酸山梨醇酯。
效果实施例
本发明预防和治疗前列腺增生疾病的活性成分抑制芳香化酶活性较好,具体实验方式及数据如下。其中,亚麻酸购自Sigma公司。
测试方法参考文献为:全海天,楼丽广.《芳香化酶抑制剂筛选模型的建立》中国药理学通报,2004,20(10):1189-1192。
用胎盘的微粒体作为芳香化酶的酶源,以[1β-3H]雄烯二酮作为反应底物,通过测得产物3H2O的放射能来检测芳香化酶的活性,以液体闪烁计数仪计数3H2O的放射率,计算化合物对芳香化酶的抑制作用。
一、材料和仪器
人的胎盘取自上海市静安区妇产科医院。[1β-3H]雄烯二酮(958.3TBq·mol-1)为Perkin Elmer Life Sciences Inc产品;雄烯二酮,对照品Aminoglutethimide,NADPH为Sigma公司产品;供试样品自制。葡聚糖T70为Amersham Bioscience公司产品;其他试剂均为国产分析纯。
超速离心机购自HITACHI Co,低温离心机购自International EquipmentCo.,-86℃超低温冰箱购自Thermo Electron Co,放射性同位素检测仪购自Beckman Co.。
二、方法
1.微粒体的制备
所有步骤均在0~4℃进行。胎盘得到后立刻放在冰上,除去绒毛膜和大血管,用0.01mol·L-1 PBS(内含1%KCl)清洗后用剪刀剪碎,用0101mol·L-1PBS(内含0124mol·L-1蔗糖和0.5μmol·L-1雄烯二酮)进行匀浆。离心900×g 60min。弃沉淀,上清液离心10000×g 60min以沉淀线粒体成分。上清液再离心125000×g 60min即可得到微粒体部分。沉淀再用0.01mol·L-1PBS(内含0.1mmol·L-1EDTA,0.5μmol·L-1雄烯二酮)重悬浮,悬浮的蛋白用以0.01mol·L-1PBS为溶剂的0.1%NP-40溶解至蛋白终浓度为2~3g·L-1。
2.酶反应体系的建立
反应底物[1β-3H]雄烯二酮事先保存在无水乙醇内,反应时用0.067mol·L-1PBS稀释,乙醇的终浓度小于1%。反应以0.067mol·L-1PBS为缓冲液,0.4ml的反应体系中还包含0.01ml微粒体制备液,50pmol[1β-3H]雄烯二酮和0.20mg NADPH。反应在37℃进行,以加入NADPH开始,分别进行2,5,10,15min,然后加0.4ml 20%的三氯乙酸终止反应1min。终止后加入1.0ml预冷的氯仿抽提,继续振荡10min后离心3200×g 10min,吸上清约0.8ml,然后加入0.8ml 5%dextran coated charcoal,37℃继续振荡温浴30min。混合液离心3200×g 10min。取上清液测定3H的放射能,空白对照用无微粒体的反应液。样品浓度为100μg/ml,在NADPH加入前加入。
3.Km和Vmax的测定
0.4ml反应体系中,对照品Aminoglutethimide的浓度分别取1,2,4,12.5,25μg/ml,供试样品的浓度分别取10,25,50,100,200μg/ml,反应5min,反应体系中其他成分与步骤同2。
4.测定底物的Km和Vmax
在远远过量的NADPH和O2存在的情况下,芳香化酶的催化反应是单底物反应。变化[1β-3H]雄烯二酮的浓度,并始终控制产物量小于底物量的5%,运用米-孟氏方程式,采用1/v-1/[S]双倒数作图法,计算出Km和Vmax。
5.测定对照品和供试品的抑制率
0.4ml反应体系中,对照品浓度为1μg/ml,供试品浓度为100μg/ml,反应5min,体系其他成分与步骤同2,测定抑制率。结果如表1所示。
表1化合物抑制芳香化酶活性的测试结果
化合物 | 抑制率(100μg/mL) |
N-(2-羟乙基)亚麻酰胺 | 79% |
亚麻酸果糖苷 | 56% |
棕榈酸山梨醇酯 | 51% |
二羟基十八碳二烯酸 | 51% |
亚麻酸 | 55% |
由上表可见,本发明中的四种长链脂肪酸衍生物均有较强的芳香化酶抑制活性,且其中的两种长链脂肪酸衍生物的芳香化酶抑制活性超过了游离脂肪酸亚麻酸。
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