CN101558248B - 球形万向节 - Google Patents

球形万向节 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101558248B
CN101558248B CN2007800405928A CN200780040592A CN101558248B CN 101558248 B CN101558248 B CN 101558248B CN 2007800405928 A CN2007800405928 A CN 2007800405928A CN 200780040592 A CN200780040592 A CN 200780040592A CN 101558248 B CN101558248 B CN 101558248B
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universal ball
deformable member
housing
ball joint
seal ring
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CN101558248A (zh
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M·博恩
M·海德曼
H·普林斯
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ZF Friedrichshafen AG
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ZF Friedrichshafen AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C11/00—Pivots; Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/04—Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/06—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C11/00—Pivots; Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/04—Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/06—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints
    • F16C11/0619—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints the female part comprising a blind socket receiving the male part
    • F16C11/0623—Construction or details of the socket member
    • F16C11/0628—Construction or details of the socket member with linings
    • F16C11/0633—Construction or details of the socket member with linings the linings being made of plastics
    • F16C11/0638—Construction or details of the socket member with linings the linings being made of plastics characterised by geometrical details
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C11/00—Pivots; Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/04—Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/06—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints
    • F16C11/0666—Sealing means between the socket and the inner member shaft
    • F16C11/0671—Sealing means between the socket and the inner member shaft allowing operative relative movement of joint parts due to flexing of the sealing means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C11/00—Pivots; Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/04—Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/06—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints
    • F16C11/0685—Manufacture of ball-joints and parts thereof, e.g. assembly of ball-joints
    • F16C11/069—Manufacture of ball-joints and parts thereof, e.g. assembly of ball-joints with at least one separate part to retain the ball member in the socket; Quick-release systems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T403/00—Joints and connections
    • Y10T403/32—Articulated members
    • Y10T403/32606—Pivoted
    • Y10T403/32631—Universal ball and socket
    • Y10T403/32737—Universal ball and socket including liner, shim, or discrete seat
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T403/00—Joints and connections
    • Y10T403/32—Articulated members
    • Y10T403/32606—Pivoted
    • Y10T403/32631—Universal ball and socket
    • Y10T403/32737—Universal ball and socket including liner, shim, or discrete seat
    • Y10T403/32762—Spring-biased seat opposite ball stud

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Pivots And Pivotal Connections (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于汽车的球形万向节，具有可转动且可偏转地承接在一体式或多体式轴瓦(4)内的球面轴颈(1)，所述轴瓦通过密封圈(2)固定在壳体(3)内，其中，密封圈(2)和壳体(3)之间设有在球形万向节的装配状态下起密封作用的金属的变形件(5)。本发明的特征在于，在装配球形万向节期间弹性变形的变形件(5)设置在壳体(3)和/或密封圈(2)上。

Description

球形万向节
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于汽车的球形万向节，它具有可转动且可偏转地承接在一体式或多体式轴瓦内的球面轴颈，所述轴瓦通过密封圈固定在壳体中。在球形万向节的装配状态下，密封圈和壳体之间有施加密封作用的金属变形件。
背景技术
这种球形万向节已由EP 1 432 920 B1公开。在所述文献中公开的球形万向节具有一个变形件，它在该文献中被称为“镦锻件”，并且可以设置在密封圈或适合于它的壳体面上。变形件在装配这种球形万向节时被镦锻，也就是说塑性变形。为能达到这种塑性变形，在这种实施方式中对材料选择作了严格限定，因为其中一个相对应的构件(密封圈或壳体)必须由相对较软的材料制成，而另一个则由较为坚固的材料制成。对材料对的准确选择也需注意电化学接触腐蚀的形成。因而例如经常使用铝，虽然铝因其重量轻而具有巨大的优点，但铝是一种高成本的材料。此外，公知的球形万向节的制造费用较高，因为镦锻变形件需要消耗大量的力。这还需要使用额外的时间和能量来制造球形万向节。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于，对公知的球形万向节作如下进一步改进，即，整体上改善内部的万向节构件的密封，同时还应创造一种成本低廉的实施方式。
本发明的目的通过权利要求1的特征达到。本发明特殊的设计在随后的从属权利要求中予以说明。
发明人认识到，在球形万向节装配期间将变形件弹性变形并装在壳体和/或密封圈上，这对汽车的具有球面轴颈的球形万向节来说特别有利，其中在密封圈和壳体之间设有在球形万向节装配状态下起密封作用的金属变形件，所述球面轴颈可转动且可偏转地承接在一体式或多体式的、通过密封圈固定在壳体内的轴瓦中。
通过将变形件设计为弹性元件可以达到球形万向节的内部的万向节构件的最佳密封。变形件的弹性特性使得密封区域内部的由外部影响如温度引起的公差毫无困难地得到补偿。因而变形件从塑性变形变为弹性变形是对按本发明的球形万向节的一个重要改进。此外，从现在起在为密封圈和壳体选择材料时几乎没有限制。这样的优点在于，两个构件例如都可以由高度坚固的材料如钢制成。因而不仅仅减少了制造成本。这种按本发明的球形万向节在强度值提高的同时尺寸也可以设计得更小。
按照这种发明构思的一种设计方案建议，变形件一体地成型在壳体和/或密封圈上。由于变形件在壳体和/或密封圈上的一体设计，所以在制造相应的构件时，变形件的制造无需额外的制造费用。因而也可以实现任意的横截面几何形状。
此外，按照本发明的一种改进方案，发明人建议，变形件在其变形前具有锯齿状的横截面轮廓。因为球形万向节的密封圈在安装时运动到壳体内(此时变形件发生变形)，所以变形件的锯齿状的横截面轮廓特别适合助长弹性变形。
此外，为进一步改进变形件的定向变形而建议，属于变形件的接触面具有在球形万向节装配时促进变形件定向变形的轮廓。因而彼此对应的表面一方面是接触面，另一方面则是变形件的锯齿形横截面轮廓的倾斜的表面。由此在密封圈被沿轴向推入运动至壳体内时，由于构成了相互接触的面，实现了变形件的有针对性和可预定义的变形。
相应地，变形件在其变形后优选具有弧形部段。变形件的原来的锯齿形横截面轮廓因而弹性地变形为弧形部段。这一弧形部段已证明是特别有利的密封面，因为它除了提供最佳的弹性外，还提供了宽度足够的密封面。
变形件的弧形部段与对应的接触面构成了密封。在此构成了一个在变形件弹性变形后环绕的密封面。由此通过按本发明的变形件简单地实现了密封圈和球形万向节的壳体之间的环绕的环状密封，这种情况下可以避免现有技术的缺陷。
附图说明
本发明的其它特征和优点由从属权利要求和下面参考附图对优选实施例所作的说明得出。
附图中：
图1示出具有按本发明特征的球形万向节的横截面；
图2是在装配球形万向节时，图1中截取部分II的放大图；
图3以截取形式放大示出了已装配好的球形万向节的在图2中示出的局部区域II。
具体实施方式
图1中示出的按本发明的球形万向节的实施例在横截面中示有沿未偏转的球面轴颈1的纵向中轴线的复截面。球面轴颈1可转动且可偏转地支承在壳体3内部。为改善支承特性，球面轴颈1和壳体3之间有一个轴瓦4，它几乎完全包封构成于球面轴承1上的万向节球8且安装在壳体3内。密封圈2用于将轴瓦4固定在壳体3内部。该密封圈在其外表面上具有锯齿状的结构，该密封圈可以借助该结构用公知的方式固定在壳体3内。密封圈2同时还用于承接密封罩10的边缘区。使用锁紧环11来固定密封罩10的边缘区。密封罩10的另一端部则用其边缘区直接固定在球形万向节的球面轴颈1上。在这里也使用锁紧环12，以便固定密封罩10的密封罩边缘。密封罩10因而密封位于壳体3一侧的壳体孔9。
为在壳体3和密封圈2之间的连接区域内实现最佳密封，以防止湿气和污物侵入球形万向节内部，接下来借助图1的截取部分II的放大图详细解释本发明的技术方案。
图2以截取方式放大了图1的局部区域II。球面轴颈1以其万向节球8以前述方式可转动且可偏转地承接在轴瓦4中。轴瓦4本身安装在壳体3内。密封圈2用于将轴瓦4固定在壳体3内。该密封圈在球形万向节安装期间运动到壳体3内。此时，构成在密封圈2外表面上的锯齿状的轮廓进一步嵌入壳体3的为此预设的相对应的表面中。因而可以实现密封圈2在壳体3内的第一次位置固定。密封圈2首先运动进入壳体3，直至存在于密封圈2上的变形件5接触到壳体3的与该变形件对置的接触面6。通过施加提高的压入力，至这一刻仍具有锯齿形横截面的变形件5在下一步弹性变形。接触面6的造型此时有助于变形件5定向的变形运动。在密封圈2和壳体3之间形成一个密封面。包围壳体孔9的壳体孔边缘部段15接下来向球面轴颈1的万向节球8的方向变形，使得它与构造在密封圈2上的凸缘14接触。因而密封圈2最终固定在其位置上。可能侵入凸缘14和壳体孔边缘部段15之间的区域内的污物或液体可靠地被此时构成密封面的已变形的变形件5制止。在与安装在密封圈2的槽13内的密封罩10的配合作用下，整体上获得了按本发明的球形万向节的最佳密封。
图3再次以截取方式放大示出了剖面图，它表示球形万向节在其完成后的状态。变形件5的弧形部段7在此尤其重要，因为它与壳体3的相对应的接触面6一起构成前述的密封面。此外在图3中还可看出已变形的壳体孔边缘部段15，它直接贴靠在密封圈2的凸缘14上。
当然，本发明的前述特征不仅能以已相应说明的组合应用，还能以其它组合应用或单独应用，而不会脱离本发明的框架。同样，在本发明的框架内，还可以对本发明的各个机械元件的功能进行机械转换。
附图标记列表
1球面轴颈
2密封圈
3壳体
4轴瓦
5变形件
6接触面
7弧形部段
8万向节球
9壳体孔
10密封罩
11锁紧环
12锁紧环
13槽
14凸缘
15壳体孔边缘部段

Claims (7)

1.用于汽车的球形万向节，具有可转动且可偏转地承接在一体式或多体式轴瓦(4)内的球面轴颈(1)，所述轴瓦通过密封圈(2)固定在壳体(3)内，其中，密封圈(2)和壳体(3)之间设有在球形万向节的装配状态下起密封作用的金属的变形件(5)，其特征为，在装配所述球形万向节期间，所述变形件(5)弹性地变形，并且布置在壳体(3)和/或密封圈(2)上。
2.按权利要求1所述的球形万向节，其特征为，所述变形件(5)一体地成型在壳体(3)和/或密封圈(2)上。
3.按权利要求1至2之一所述的球形万向节，其特征为，所述变形件(5)在其变形前具有锯齿形的横截面轮廓。
4.按权利要求1或2所述的球形万向节，其特征为，配属于所述变形件(5)的接触面(6)具有在装配球形万向节时促进所述变形件(5)定向变形的轮廓。
5.按权利要求1或2所述的球形万向节，其特征为，所述变形件(5)在其变形后具有弧形部段(7)。
6.按权利要求4所述的球形万向节，其特征为，所述变形件(5)在其变形后具有弧形部段(7)，其中所述变形件(5)的弧形部段(7)与所述接触面(6)构成了密封。
7.按权利要求1或2所述的球形万向节，其特征为，所述变形件(5)在其变形后具有环绕的密封面。
CN2007800405928A 2006-11-03 2007-09-11 球形万向节 Expired - Fee Related CN101558248B (zh)

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DE102006052254A DE102006052254B4 (de) 2006-11-03 2006-11-03 Kugelgelenk
DE102006052254.0 2006-11-03
PCT/DE2007/001616 WO2008055454A1 (de) 2006-11-03 2007-09-11 Kugelgelenk

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AU (1) AU2007317098A1 (zh)
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CN101558248A (zh) 2009-10-14
US8137021B2 (en) 2012-03-20
BRPI0717994A2 (pt) 2013-12-03
JP2010508479A (ja) 2010-03-18
KR20090077902A (ko) 2009-07-16
WO2008055454A1 (de) 2008-05-15
DE102006052254A1 (de) 2008-05-08
DE102006052254B4 (de) 2012-12-20
AU2007317098A1 (en) 2008-05-15
US20100008714A1 (en) 2010-01-14

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