CN101548616B - Method for planting nymphoides plants and aquatic vegetation for restoring wetland - Google Patents

Method for planting nymphoides plants and aquatic vegetation for restoring wetland Download PDF

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CN101548616B
CN101548616B CN2009100279305A CN200910027930A CN101548616B CN 101548616 B CN101548616 B CN 101548616B CN 2009100279305 A CN2009100279305 A CN 2009100279305A CN 200910027930 A CN200910027930 A CN 200910027930A CN 101548616 B CN101548616 B CN 101548616B
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bud
planting
nymphoides
water
stem tuber
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CN101548616A (en
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陈开宁
黄蔚
柏祥
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Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology of CAS
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Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology of CAS
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage

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Abstract

The invention provides a method for planting nymphoides plants of nymphoides peltata and nymphoides indica and aquatic vegetation for restoring the wetland, which can form community scale and comprises the following steps of: collection of seeds and tubers of nymphoides peltata, propagation and cultivation of seedlings of nymphoides peltata, collection of brood buds of nymphoides indica and propagation and cultivation of seedlings. The method is characterized in that a seed propagation method or a tuber propagation method is adopted for planting the nymphoides peltata in water body; and the brood buds of nymphoides indica, namely 'chicken toe buds' are adopted for planting the nymphoides indica in water body.

Description

The method of Zhong planting nymphoides plants and aquatic vegetation for restoring wetland
Technical field
The present invention relates to pollution control of water, preserve the ecological environment, particularly the method for a kind planting nymphoides plants and aquatic vegetation for restoring wetland.
Background technology
At present, the most water bodys of China have been super eutrophication, and blue-green alga bloom is serious, and the transparency in many waters only has 20-30cm, and most of submerged plant kinds are difficult to growth, have caused aquatic vegetation destruction and water pollution to increasingly sharpen.Floating heart (Nymphoides peltatum) and gold and silver lotus flower (Nymphoides indica) are the sociales of floatingleaved plant in the water body such as most of shallow lakes in the Nymphoides Lepidium plant (Nymphoides Seguier), and it is widely distributed in China, it has stronger capacity of anti-storm and water body purification ability as a result according to long-term field observation, therefore the pioneer that usually is used as the lake aquatic vegetation recovery is planted, after treating that its well-grown and water transparency improve, introduce a fine variety submerged plant again.In addition, often be used as landscape plant in the water bodys such as small-sized lake, pond, river owing to its flowering fruit bearing stage is long, bright in luster.As seen, floating heart and gold and silver lotus flower are the biomaterials that a kind of good aquatic vegetation recovers.But past people Zhong Zhi Nymphoides Lepidium plant is mainly adopted the plantlet of transplant method, and this method is owing to factors such as dried up transportation, cuttage field planting difficulty cause survival rate low, and the plantation cost is also higher.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of method that can form the kind planting nymphoides plants and aquatic vegetation for restoring wetland of group's scale; Nymphoides Lepidium plant comprises floating heart and gold and silver lotus flower, it is characterized in that, the plantation floating heart comprises that seminal propagation method and stem tuber cut apart breeding method, plantation gold and silver lotus flower adopts the reproductive bud method, wherein:
The seminal propagation method of floating heart: annual 6-10 month, collect seed in floating heart association growth location with canoe, select the inflorescence that ripening fruits is arranged, it is cut, take fruit, install with plastic sack or woven bag, take back, soak 7-15 minute to fruit disinfection (attention: be less than 5 minutes mould variability height of fruit, then seed sprouting had certain influence above 10 minutes with 0.1% mercury, reduce germination rate), do not take out seed, low temperature is saved to next year 4-8 month (4-10 ℃), all can cut fruit in 4-8 month, take out seed, can improve temperature (20-30 ℃) and induce seed sprouting; The germination rate height of floating heart seed when temperature is 20-30 ℃ surpasses 80%.When treating that water temperatures such as lake, pond reach 15-30 ℃ of scope, will germinate and the seed of bud length 0.5-3cm is shed to water body; The seed consumption is every mu of 2-3 jin.Plantation can reduce water level in the pond, makes the initial planting depth of water keep 0.3m-0.5m, progressively floods to less than 1.5m with growth of seedling then.Adopting the method plantation floating heart depth of water scope in the lake is 0.5-1.3m.
The stem tuber breeding method of floating heart: annual 4-9 month, fish for the stem tuber of floating heart with rake from the top layer bed mud 5-20cm degree of depth in floating heart growth location, remove cauline leaf, the stem tuber of gathering is collected the enough quantity that needs plantation; With cutter stem tuber is divided into 2-3 part then, sheds to the water body of needs plantation.If plantation location stormy waves is bigger, then need to refer to that with 1 the string bag of big fine mesh wraps up stem tuber, tying-up is about on 1 meter little bamboo chip at preprepared, insert 50-80cm in the bed mud, make the stem tuber of string bag parcel enter 5-15cm in the bed mud of top layer, bamboo chip is the stem tuber of floating heart fixedly, prevents that it from being taken away displacement by stormy waves.Planting density can be 2-5 stem tuber/m 2About.
Gold and silver lotus flower reproductive bud planting method: the water snowflake flower seed is difficult to be collected, and can collect the reproductive bud of gold and silver lotus flower specialization during plantation.The reproductive bud of this specialization is the propagulum that the back forms that comes off of the flower on anthocaulus, is shaped as rosette-stape, as shank, therefore is commonly called " shank bud ", be born in the nearly leaf of ellipticity near, near the water surface, therefore be easy to gather.Annual annual all can fishing for from the top layer bed mud 5-20cm degree of depth with rake in month in water snowflake flower growth location, if with ship in water surface collection, can select annual 6-10 month, " the shank bud " gathered collected the enough quantity that needs plantation, take back indoorly, be positioned over and cultivate in the bucket, water temperature is provided with 20-30 ℃ carries out vernalization, after treating that great majority " shank bud " germinate, shed to water temperature be in the 15-30 ℃ of water body.If plantation location stormy waves is bigger, then need to refer to that with 1 the string bag of big fine mesh wraps up this reproductive bud, tying-up is about on 1 meter little bamboo chip at preprepared, and 50-80cm fixes in the insertion bed mud, makes the reproductive bud of string bag parcel enter 5-15cm in the bed mud of top layer.Planting density can be pack in each mesh bag 2-3 " shank bud ", string bag line space 0.5-1.5 rice.If need to preserve the reproductive bud of gold and silver lotus flower, it can be positioned over and cultivate in the bucket, and, reproductive bud can be saved to the next year plantation like this water inflation.
Above-mentioned floating heart seminal propagation method is applicable to that the depth of water is clear less than 1.3m, water, transparency is greater than the water body of 40cm; It is above-mentioned external than clear water that the floating heart stem tuber breeding method and the gold and silver lotus flower reproductive bud planting method scope of application are removed, and also is applicable to the depth of water less than 1.8 meters, but inapplicable to the smelly water body of severe depletion of oxygen, blackout.
Advantage of the present invention and effect: utilize the distribute characteristics of wide, wind wave resistance, tool detergence(-cy) and landscape plant of floating heart and gold and silver lotus flower; adopt of the present invention kind of method for planting; can form group's scale and recover the wetland aquatic vegetation, improve water body environment, repair water ecology and view.Be applicable to water body aquatic vegetation ecology recovering engineerings such as shallow lake, reservoir bank band, river course, pond.
Embodiment
Floating heart and gold and silver lotus flower have seminal propagation and vegetative propagation system efficiently.Lake survey finds that floating heart seed generating capacity is bigger, easily gathers the germination rate height; Floating heart and water snowflake flower stock biomass are big, and the stem tuber of floating heart and gold and silver lotus flower reproductive bud are easily fished for.Floating heart and water snowflake seeds of flowering plants group grow in the depth of water usually less than in the 2.2m waters.
The seed of floating heart does not need through complicated processing, improves temperature and can promote its germination, the germination rate height.In annual 6-10 month, collect seed in floating heart association growth location.Draw to floating heart association growth location with canoe, select the inflorescence that ripening fruits is arranged, it is cut, take fruit, install, take back with plastic sack or woven bag, soak 7-15 minute to the fruit disinfection with 0.1% mercury, low temperature is saved to next year 4-8 month (4-10 ℃).In needs planting seasons, as in 4-8 month, the strip off fruit takes out seed and is put in the water, and water temperature is increased to 20-30 ℃, induces seed sprouting, and its percentage of seedgermination surpasses 80%.When treating that water temperatures such as lake, pond reach 15-30 ℃ of scope, will germinate and the seed of bud length 0.5-3cm is shed to water body; The seed consumption is every mu of 2-3 jin.In addition, plantation can be taked to reduce the water level method in the pond, makes the initial planting depth of water keep 0.3m-0.5m, progressively floods to less than 1.5m with growth of seedling then.Adopting kind of the depth of water scope of submethod plantation floating heart in the lake is 0.5-1.3m.
Utilize stem tuber when breeding of floating heart, ship is drawn to floating heart growth location, fish for the stem tuber of floating heart from the top layer bed mud 5-20cm degree of depth, remove cauline leaf, with pocket knife stem tuber is divided into 2-3 part then, shed to the water body of needs plantation with rake; If plantation location stormy waves is bigger, need then to refer to that with 1 the string bag of big fine mesh wraps up stem tuber that Tie ties up to preprepared and is about on 1 meter little bamboo chip, inserts 50-80cm in the bed mud, makes the stem tuber of string bag parcel inject among the bed mud 5-15cm of top layer fixing.Planting density is 2-5 stem tuber/m 2About.
When utilizing gold and silver lotus flower reproductive bud to recover the wetland aquatic vegetation, annual any month all can fish for from the top layer bed mud 5-20cm degree of depth with rake in water snowflake flower growth location with canoe; If want with ship in water surface collection, can select annual 6-10 month, after treating water snowflake the flowers are in blossom intact spending, " the shank bud " gathered collected the enough quantity that needs plantation with " the shank bud " gathered, takes back indoor, be positioned over and cultivate in the bucket, water temperature is provided with 20-30 ℃ carries out vernalization, treat that great majority " shank bud " germinate after, shed to water temperature be in the 15-30 ℃ of water body.If the natural water water temperature in 20-30 ℃ of scope, then can directly be planted in the target water body with this reproductive bud; If plantation location stormy waves is bigger, then need to refer to that with 1 the string bag of big fine mesh wraps up this reproductive bud, Tie ties up to preprepared and is about on 1 meter little bamboo chip, inserts 50-80cm in the bed mud, and the reproductive bud that the string bag is wrapped up enters that 5-15cm fixes in the bed mud of top layer.Planting density is pack in each mesh bag 2-3 " shank bud ", string bag line space 0.5-1.5 rice.If need to preserve the reproductive bud of gold and silver lotus flower, it can be positioned over and cultivate in the bucket, and, reproductive bud can be saved to the next year plantation like this water inflation.
Floating heart seminal propagation method is applicable to that the depth of water is clear less than 1.3m, water, transparency is greater than the water body of 40cm; It is above-mentioned external than clear water that the floating heart stem tuber breeding method and the gold and silver lotus flower reproductive bud planting method scope of application are removed, and also is applicable to the depth of water less than 1.8 meters, but inapplicable to the smelly water body of severe depletion of oxygen, blackout.
Points for attention:, take precautions against herbivorous fishes or have the fish of destruction to exist to pasture and water in the plant planting initial stage.
Planted test in 2004 to 2006 in the test enclosure of 150 mu of Wuxi Wu Lihu, and obtained success, the coverage rate of floating heart and gold and silver lotus flower mictium has reached more than 60%, and succession voluntarily.Tested at Taihu Lake tribute arm of lake and Yangcheng Lake stream entering lake respectively again in 2008, and also obtained than ten-strike, test observation result has shown that also floating heart and gold and silver lotus flower have stronger capacity of anti-storm.

Claims (4)

1. plant the method for planting nymphoides plants and aquatic vegetation for restoring wetland, Nymphoides Lepidium plant comprises floating heart and gold and silver lotus flower, it is characterized in that, the plantation floating heart comprises that seminal propagation method and stem tuber cut apart breeding method, and plantation gold and silver lotus flower adopts the reproductive bud method;
1) the seminal propagation method of floating heart: annual 6-10 month, collect seed in floating heart growth location, selecting has the inflorescence of ripening fruits that it is cut, take fruit, to the fruit disinfection, low temperature is saved to and next year 4-8 month cuts fruit then, takes out seed and germinates by it, wait to plant the waters water temperature when reaching 15-30 ℃ of scope, will germinate and the seed of bud length 0.5-3cm is shed to water body;
2) the stem tuber breeding method of floating heart: annual 4-9 month, fish for the stem tuber of floating heart from the top layer bed mud 5-20cm degree of depth in floating heart growth location, remove cauline leaf, the stem tuber of gathering is collected, with cutter stem tuber is divided into 2-3 part then, shed to the water body of needs plantation;
3) gold and silver lotus flower reproductive bud planting method: the reproductive bud of collecting gold and silver lotus flower specialization, the reproductive bud of this specialization is the propagulum that forms after the flower on anthocaulus comes off, be shaped as rosette-stape, be commonly called as " shank bud ", be born in nearly leaf place, annual annual all can fishing for from the top layer bed mud 5-20cm degree of depth in month in water snowflake flower growth location, indoor with taking back after " shank bud " collection of gathering, be positioned over and cultivate in the bucket, water temperature is provided with 20-30 ℃ and carries out vernalization, after treating that " shank bud " germinates, shed to water temperature be in the 15-30 ℃ of water body;
Above-mentioned floating heart seminal propagation method is applicable to that the depth of water is less than 1.3m, the transparency water body greater than 40cm; Floating heart stem tuber breeding method and gold and silver lotus flower reproductive bud planting method are applicable to that the depth of water is less than 1.8m, the transparency water body greater than 40cm.
2. according to the method for the described Zhong planting nymphoides plants and aquatic vegetation for restoring wetland of claim 1, it is characterized in that in floating heart seminal propagation method, fruit soaks sterilization in 5-10 minute with 0.1% mercury, low temperature 4-10 ℃ is saved to next year 4-8 month, cut fruit, after taking out seed, in 20-30 ℃ of temperature environment, induce seed sprouting; The consumption that seed is shed to the water body is every mu of 2-3 jin.
3. according to the method for the described Zhong planting nymphoides plants and aquatic vegetation for restoring wetland of claim 1, it is characterized in that in the stem tuber breeding method of floating heart, if plantation location stormy waves is bigger, then refer to that with 1 the string bag of big fine mesh wraps up stem tuber, tying-up is on bamboo chip, insert bed mud, make the stem tuber of string bag parcel enter 5-15cm in the bed mud of top layer, planting density is 2-5 stem tuber/m 2
4. according to the method for the described Zhong planting nymphoides plants and aquatic vegetation for restoring wetland of claim 1, it is characterized in that in gold and silver lotus flower reproductive bud planting method, if plantation location stormy waves is bigger, then refer to that with 1 the string bag of big fine mesh wraps up this reproductive bud, tying-up inserts bed mud on bamboo chip, make the reproductive bud of string bag parcel enter 5-15cm in the bed mud of top layer, planting density is pack in each mesh bag 2-3 " shank bud ", string bag line space 0.5-1.5 rice.
CN2009100279305A 2009-05-13 2009-05-13 Method for planting nymphoides plants and aquatic vegetation for restoring wetland Expired - Fee Related CN101548616B (en)

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CN102633367B (en) * 2012-05-14 2013-11-13 中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所 Ecological restoration method for treating eutrophic water body by utilizing Nuphar sinensis
CN103039329B (en) * 2012-12-17 2014-11-26 江汉大学 Ex-situ conservation cultivation method of water shield
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CN105103830A (en) * 2015-07-20 2015-12-02 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 Indoor artificial cultivation method for glyceria spiculosa as wetland plant
CN108801675B (en) * 2018-08-07 2024-05-28 中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所 Device and method for collecting sediment surface subsided aquatic plant propagule library
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