CN108801675B - Device and method for collecting sediment surface subsided aquatic plant propagule library - Google Patents
Device and method for collecting sediment surface subsided aquatic plant propagule library Download PDFInfo
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- CN108801675B CN108801675B CN201810892626.6A CN201810892626A CN108801675B CN 108801675 B CN108801675 B CN 108801675B CN 201810892626 A CN201810892626 A CN 201810892626A CN 108801675 B CN108801675 B CN 108801675B
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/04—Devices for withdrawing samples in the solid state, e.g. by cutting
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Abstract
The invention relates to a collecting device and a collecting method for a sediment surface subsided aquatic plant propagule library, comprising a maximum propagule library collecting device, an actual propagule library collecting device and a fixing device; the maximum propagule warehouse collecting device comprises a drum, a fixed bracket, a screen, a stab net and a stab rope; the fixed bracket is arranged in the drum and is used for fixing the screen, the barbed wire and the barbed wire; the screen is fixed above the barrel bottom of the barrel, and a stabbed net is fixed on the screen; 3 loops of thorn ropes are sequentially fixed above the thorn net upwards along the inner wall of the cylinder; the screen mesh is removed from the actual propagule library collecting device, and the distance between the thorn ropes is adjusted so that aquatic animals can normally eat propagules, and the actual propagule occurrence amount on the sediment surface under natural conditions is obtained. The invention can scientifically evaluate the number of seeds and vegetative propagation bodies newly settled on the surface of sediment in the need of comprehensively evaluating the propagation body condition of the macrophytes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a collecting device and a collecting method for a sediment surface subsidence aquatic plant propagule library, which can provide important data support for researching the updating of a macrophyte community and the recovery of plants.
Background
The large-scale aquatic plants are primary producers of the water ecosystem, regulate and control the circulation of substances and the flow of energy in the water environment system, and have a vital effect on maintaining the structure and the function of the fresh water ecosystem. The aquatic plants can provide food sources, habitats and propagation matrixes for various organisms, so that the healthy large aquatic plant community is beneficial to improving the biodiversity and stability of the lake ecosystem. Along with the aggravation of lake eutrophication, the recession of aquatic vegetation, particularly submerged vegetation, is a universal phenomenon worldwide, water pollution and disappearance of the aquatic vegetation, and obvious degradation of the structure and function of the lake ecosystem is generated, thus the ecological system has serious threat to human health. Restoring aquatic plants is one of the important ways to restore polluted water bodies, and the important precondition for restoring macrophytes is to identify ecological factors that limit the growth of aquatic plants. For example, the number of plant propagules, grass carp colony structure, the degree of eutrophication of water, etc. The aquatic plants are various in propagation modes, and most plants have the capability of asexual propagation and sexual propagation, and seeds propagated in a sexual way can be spread for a long distance, so that more suitable habitats are found for offspring, or extreme environments are reserved for the offspring; vegetative propagation bodies such as broken branches or overwintering buds can provide sufficient nutrition for field planting of offspring, and the survival rate of the offspring is improved. The ratio of the distribution between these two propagation modes may vary under genetic control, and may also be influenced by environmental conditions.
Scientific assessment of the propagule status of macrophytes requires comprehensive assessment of newly settled seeds and the number of propagules on the sediment surface (hereinafter simply referred to as "propagule library"). Among them, various kinds of propagules such as seeds and branches which settle in a short time are important, and the propagules have the highest activity, so that stable communities are formed most easily. Currently, this is relatively lacking. Determining the size of the propagule library is an important precondition for restoring aquatic plants and researching plant community updating characteristics, and partial ecological restoration engineering blindly introduces a large number of aquatic plant seedlings to restore the aquatic plants without eliminating key factors causing plant decay under the condition that the propagule library is not investigated, so that a plurality of failure cases are caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a collecting device and a collecting method for a sediment surface subsidence aquatic plant propagule warehouse.
The above object of the present invention is achieved by:
The collecting device of the aquatic plant propagule library with the sediment surface subsidence comprises a maximum propagule library collecting device, an actual propagule library collecting device and a fixing device;
The maximum propaganda library collecting device comprises a drum, a fixed support, a screen, a barbed wire and a barbed wire, wherein the barbed wire is made by welding a plurality of stainless steel nails on flat steel, and the barbed wire is of a net structure with the barbed wire fixed on the surface; the fixed support is arranged in the drum and is used for fixing the screen, the barbed wire and the barbed wire; the screen is fixed above the barrel bottom of the barrel, and a stab net is fixed on the screen; 3 loops of thorn ropes are sequentially fixed above the thorn net upwards along the inner wall of the cylinder;
The actual propagule warehouse collecting device comprises a barrel, a fixed bracket, a barbed wire and a barbed wire, wherein the fixed bracket is arranged in the barrel and is used for fixing the barbed wire and the barbed wire; the stab net is fixed above the barrel bottom of the barrel; 2 loops of thorn ropes are sequentially fixed above the thorn net upwards along the inner wall of the cylinder;
The fixing device is used for fixing the largest propagule library collecting device and the actual propagule library collecting device, and fixing the largest propagule library collecting device and the actual propagule library on the surface of the sediment.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the screen includes a first screen of size 2 mesh and a second screen of size 8 mesh; the first screen is arranged above the second screen. The second screen is fixed at the bottommost layer of stainless steel drum, 10mm from the barrel bottom, and the first screen is fixed above the second screen, and two layers of screens are 20mm apart. The arrangement of the two layers of screens ensures that plant seeds with smaller volume settle to the bottom of the collecting device, so that fish, shrimp and benthonic animals are prevented from feeding the small plant seeds; while bulky seeds often have a hard shell and are not easily consumed by aquatic animals, such as lotus seeds and water chestnuts.
As a further improvement of the invention, the fixed bracket is a cross-shaped frame structure which is fixed at the bottom of the barrel and extends vertically along the inner wall of the barrel, and a plurality of round holes are arranged on the fixed bracket; the edges of the screen mesh and the barbed wire are welded with metal sheets with holes, and the metal sheets are connected with the round holes, so that the screen mesh and the barbed wire are fixed on the inner wall of the barrel.
As a further improvement of the invention, the fixing device comprises a circular ring, ropes and fixing piles, wherein the circular ring is arranged at the upper edge of the barrel; the fixed piles are fixed in the sediment; the ropes are connected with the circular rings and the fixed piles, and the largest propagule library collecting device and the actual propagule library collecting device are fixed on the surface of the sediment. Further, the vertical height of the rope is smaller than the height of the drum, so that the rope is prevented from affecting the sedimentation rule of the propagules in water.
As a further improvement of the invention, in the collecting device of the maximum propagule library, the row spacing of the thorn ropes fixed on the thorn net is 30mm, and the vertical spacing of 3 circles of thorn ropes is 30mm; in the actual propagule storehouse collection device, the spacing of the fixed thorn rope lines on the thorn net is 60mm, and the vertical spacing of 2 circles of thorn ropes is 60mm. Further, the puncture mesh aperture is 30mm by 30mm. The arrangement of the thorn rope of the maximum propagule library collecting device can effectively fix plant propagules such as broken branches, overwintering short stems and the like of the plant settled in water, and meanwhile, the feeding and disturbance of fish to the asexual propagules are avoided to the greatest extent. The thorn rope of the actual collection device of the propagule library can effectively fix plant propagules such as broken branches, overwintering short stems and the like, and properly limit the activities of fish, but the feeding of aquatic animals to the plant propagules is hardly affected.
As a further development of the invention, the flat steel constituting the barbed wire structure is wide x high = 4mm x 2mm; stainless steel nails fixed on the flat steel are 100mm long, and the distance between the stainless steel nails is 50mm.
As a further improvement of the invention, four lead blocks are fixed at equal distance on the periphery of the barrel, so as to increase the weight of the collecting device, be beneficial to stably fixing the collecting device on the surface of sediment and reduce displacement.
As a further improvement of the invention, the distance between the maximum propagule library collecting device and the actual propagule library collecting device is 10-15m, and the two devices are not connected, so that mutual interference can be avoided.
As a further improvement of the invention, the round barrel, the screen, the thorn rope, the fixed frame, the metal sheet and the circular ring are all made of stainless steel materials.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for collecting a pool of sedimentary surface-settling aquatic plant propagules using the collecting device described above, comprising the steps of:
(1) According to different research purposes, the device is fixedly placed on the surface of the sediment for 1-15 days, and propagules are collected; if the number of propagules is large, plant branches may block the screen surface if the number exceeds 15 days, and in addition, part of propagules may rot, thereby affecting the measurement of the number of propagules;
(2) In the later stage of plant propagule collection, the collection device is slowly and vertically lifted out of the water surface, or when the water level is shallow, an experimenter can submerge in the water to cover 200 mesh screens on the surfaces of drums of the maximum propagule library collection device and the actual propagule library collection device respectively, and then the maximum propagule library collection device and the actual propagule library collection device are lifted out of the water surface;
(3) And (3) screening all objects in the largest propagule library collecting device and the actual propagule library collecting device by a 200-mesh screen to obtain a collected object. Transfer to laboratory for analytical identification. Seed germination methods can be used for identification of propagule species.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) The method can be used for measuring the maximum propagule library of the macrophyte under the condition of removing the influence of ecological factors such as benthonic animals, fishes and the like; under the condition of keeping the influence of the ecological factors, the aquatic animals can normally take the propagules by removing the screen and adjusting the distance between the thorns, the actual propagule occurrence quantity on the surface of the sediment under natural conditions is obtained, and the actual propagule library of the aquatic plants is measured, so that important data support is provided for researching the updating of the community of the large-scale aquatic plants and the recovery of the plants;
(2) The arrangement of the screen mesh can enable seeds falling into the collecting device to settle to the bottom of the collecting device, so that the aquatic animals can be prevented from feeding the seeds;
(3) The thorn rope can effectively intercept and fix the plant scission and other intangible propagules falling into the collecting device, and simultaneously the thorn rope can effectively inhibit stirring of fish and prevent the captured propagules from being separated from the collecting device.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application.
FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a maximum propagule library collection apparatus;
FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of the actual propagule library collection apparatus;
FIG. 3 shows a schematic view of the internal frame and external lead weight loading of the propagule library collection device;
FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of a propagule library collection apparatus installed in the field;
FIG. 5 shows a schematic view of an inner wall looped roping above a drum;
FIG. 6 shows a schematic view of a spike net (spike spacing 30 mm) in a maximum propagule library collection device;
FIG. 7 shows a schematic view of a barbed wire (barbed wire pitch 60 mm) in an actual propagule library collection device;
FIG. 8 shows a first screen schematic (2 mesh);
FIG. 9 shows a second screen schematic (8 mesh);
1. A drum; 2. a first screen; 3. a second screen; 4. puncturing the net; 5. a thorn rope; 6. a fixed bracket; 7. a metal sheet; 8. fixing piles; 9. a circular ring; 10. lead block.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description. The protective scope of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments but is defined by the claims.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 to 9, the collecting device of the present invention comprises a maximum propagule library collecting device, an actual propagule library collecting device and a fixing device;
As shown in fig. 1, the maximum propaganda library collecting device comprises a drum 1, a fixed bracket 6, a first screen 2, a second screen 3, a barbed wire 4 and a barbed wire 5, wherein the barbed wire 5 is made by welding a plurality of stainless steel nails on flat steel, and the barbed wire 4 is a net structure with the barbed wire 5 fixed on the surface; the fixed support 6 is arranged in the barrel 1 and is used for fixing the first screen 2, the second screen 3, the barbed wire 4 and the barbed wire 5; the second screen 3 is 8 meshes in specification and is fixed at a position 10mm above the bottom of the barrel; the second screen 2 is 2 mesh in size and is fixed above the first screen 3 at a distance of 20mm from the first screen 3. A puncture net 4 is fixed at a position 20mm above the first screen 2, and the aperture of the puncture net 4 is 30mm; 3 loops of thorn ropes 5 are sequentially fixed above the thorn net 4 upwards along the inner wall of the cylinder 1;
As shown in fig. 2, the actual propagule library collecting device comprises a barrel 1, a fixed bracket 6, a stab net 4 and a stab rope 5, wherein the fixed bracket 6 is arranged in the barrel 1 and is used for fixing the stab net 4 and the stab rope 5; the stab net 4 is fixed above the bottom of the barrel 1; 2 loops of thorn ropes are sequentially fixed above the thorn net 4 upwards along the inner wall of the cylinder 1;
in this embodiment, the drums 1 are stainless steel drums with equal calibers, and the upper parts of the stainless steel drums are open, the heights of the stainless steel drums are 20-25cm, and the diameters of the stainless steel drums are 50cm. Four lead blocks 10 are fixed at equal distance on the periphery of the stainless steel drum, and the lead block size is 50mm by 100mm.
As shown in fig. 3, the fixing bracket 6 is a cross frame structure fixed at the bottom of the barrel and extending vertically along the inner wall of the barrel 1, and is provided with a plurality of round holes; as shown in fig. 6 to 9, the edges of the screen 2 and the barbed wire 4 are welded with metal sheets 7 with holes, and the metal sheets are connected with the round holes, so that the screen 2 and the barbed wire 4 are fixed on the inner wall of the barrel 1.
The fixing device is used for fixing the largest propagule library collecting device and the actual propagule library collecting device, and fixing the largest propagule library collecting device and the actual propagule library on the surface of the sediment. As shown in fig. 4, the fixing device comprises a circular ring 9, ropes and fixing piles 8, wherein the circular ring 9 is arranged at the upper edge of the barrel 1; the fixing piles 8 are fixed in the sediment; the ropes are connected with the circular rings and the fixed piles, the largest propagule library collecting device and the actual propagule library collecting device are fixed on the surface of the sediment, the vertical height of the ropes is smaller than the height of the drum 1, and the distance between the largest propagule library collecting device and the actual propagule library collecting device is 10-15m when the ropes are fixed.
In this embodiment, the flat steel constituting the structure of the thorn rope 5 has a width of =4mm×2mm, a length of the stainless steel nails of 100mm, and a pitch of the stainless steel nails of 50mm. The barbed wire 4 is fixed with barbed wires 5, and the row spacing of the barbed wires 5 is 30mm; in the largest propagule storehouse collecting device, the row spacing of the thorn ropes 5 fixed on the thorn net 4 is 30mm, and the vertical spacing of 3 circles of thorn ropes is 30mm; in an actual breeding body warehouse collecting device, the row spacing of the thorn ropes 5 fixed on the thorn net 4 is 60mm, and the vertical spacing of the thorn ropes of 2 circles is 60mm.
Example 2
This example illustrates an example of the application of the collection device of the present invention by taking the study of the characteristics of a new seed pool on the surface of a deposit near the island Yu Shan in the eastern portion of the Taihu lake.
The apparatus described in example 1 was placed on the sediment surface, after one week of placement, submerged in a body of water by a diver, covered with a layer of 200 mesh nylon mesh over the drums of the largest and actual propagule library collection apparatus, respectively, and after the largest and actual propagule library collection apparatus were brought up to the surface of the water, brought into laboratory analysis. The result shows that the collecting device can capture vegetative propagation bodies such as seeds and broken branches of various plants, and the collected seeds comprise the broadleaf holly seeds with the length and the width smaller than 1mm and the water caltrop with the volume larger than 15 mm. The results showed that the actual plant propagules on the surface of the water sediment in the vicinity of Yu Shan islands were 35-46% of the maximum propagule pool.
Claims (7)
1. The collecting device of the aquatic plant propagule warehouse with the sediment surface subsidence is characterized by comprising a maximum propagule warehouse collecting device, an actual propagule warehouse collecting device and a fixing device;
the maximum propaganda library collecting device comprises a drum, a fixed support, a screen, a barbed wire and a barbed wire, wherein the barbed wire is made by welding a plurality of stainless steel nails on flat steel, and the barbed wire is of a net structure with the barbed wire fixed on the surface; the fixed support is arranged in the drum and is used for fixing the screen, the barbed wire and the barbed wire; the screen is fixed above the barrel bottom of the barrel, and a stab net is fixed on the screen; 3 loops of thorn ropes are sequentially fixed above the thorn net upwards along the inner wall of the cylinder; the screen comprises a first screen with the specification of 2 meshes and a second screen with the specification of 8 meshes; the first screen is arranged above the second screen;
The actual propagule warehouse collecting device comprises a barrel, a fixed bracket, a barbed wire and a barbed wire, wherein the fixed bracket is arranged in the barrel and is used for fixing the barbed wire and the barbed wire; the stab net is fixed above the barrel bottom of the barrel; 2 loops of thorn ropes are sequentially fixed above the thorn net upwards along the inner wall of the cylinder;
In the maximum propagule library collecting device, the row spacing of the thorn ropes fixed on the thorn net is 30mm, and the vertical spacing of 3 circles of thorn ropes is 30mm; in the actual propagule library collecting device, the row spacing of the thorn ropes fixed on the thorn net is 60mm, and the vertical spacing of 2 circles of thorn ropes is 60mm; the aperture of the barbed wire is 30mm;
The fixing device is used for fixing the largest propagule library collecting device and the actual propagule library collecting device, and fixing the largest propagule library collecting device and the actual propagule library on the surface of the sediment.
2. The collecting device for the sediment surface subsidence aquatic plant propagule library of claim 1, wherein the fixed bracket is a cross-shaped frame structure which is fixed at the bottom of the barrel and vertically extends along the inner wall of the barrel, and a plurality of round holes are formed in the fixed bracket; the edges of the screen mesh and the barbed wire are welded with metal sheets with holes, and the metal sheets are connected with the round holes, so that the screen mesh and the barbed wire are fixed on the inner wall of the barrel.
3. The collecting device for the sediment surface subsidence aquatic plant propagule library of claim 1, wherein the fixing device comprises a circular ring, a rope and a fixing pile, and the circular ring is arranged at the upper edge of the circular barrel; the fixed piles are fixed in the sediment; the ropes are connected with the circular rings and the fixed piles, and the largest propagule library collecting device and the actual propagule library collecting device are fixed on the surface of the sediment.
4. A collection device for a pool of sedimentary surface subsidence aquatic plant propagules as claimed in claim 1 in which the flat steels making up the spiny rope structure are wide x high = 4mm x 2mm; stainless steel nails fixed on the flat steel are 100mm long, and the distance between the stainless steel nails is 50mm.
5. A collection device for a pool of sedimentary surface-subsided aquatic plant propagules as recited in claim 1 in which four lead pieces are fixed equidistant around the periphery of the drum.
6. A collection device for a pool of sedimented surface-subsided aquatic plant propagules as claimed in claim 1 in which the spacing between the largest pool collection device and the actual pool collection device is 10-15m.
7. The method for collecting the sediment surface subsidence aquatic plant propagule library by the collecting device as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of:
(1) Fixedly placing the device on the surface of the sediment for 1-15 days, and collecting the propagules;
(2) Directly and slowly and vertically lifting the maximum propagule library collecting device and the actual propagule library collecting device to the water surface; or when the water level is shallow, respectively covering 200-mesh screens on the surfaces of drums of the maximum propagule library collecting device and the actual propagule library collecting device, and then lifting the maximum propagule library collecting device and the actual propagule library collecting device out of the water surface;
(3) And (3) screening all objects in the largest propagule library collecting device and the actual propagule library collecting device by a 200-mesh screen to obtain a collected object.
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| CN201810892626.6A CN108801675B (en) | 2018-08-07 | 2018-08-07 | Device and method for collecting sediment surface subsided aquatic plant propagule library |
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| CN201810892626.6A CN108801675B (en) | 2018-08-07 | 2018-08-07 | Device and method for collecting sediment surface subsided aquatic plant propagule library |
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