CN106035244A - In situ enclosure-type large-scale farming method for cladocerans in freshwater lake - Google Patents
In situ enclosure-type large-scale farming method for cladocerans in freshwater lake Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Seaweed (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an in situ enclosure-type large-scale farming method for cladocerans in a freshwater lake. The method includes steps of A, constructing a bottom sealing enclosure at the lake surface, wherein high density polyethylene woven cloth is used for making an enclosing curtain and the four corners of the curtain are fixed on a steel pipe skeleton; B, feeding into the enclosure, wherein the natural bait of the cladocerans is microalgae filter liquor obtained through filtering cyanobacterial bloom-containing lake water in an eutrophication lake through a screen; and the cladocerans cultured with cyanobacterial bloom-containing lake water filtered through the screen is used for eating phytoplankton so as to control the blue-green algae amount; C, inoculating the cladocerans in the enclosure, wherein the fresh water cladocerans in large-scale culture are screened and a zooplankter mesh is used for collecting the cladocerans breeding in eutrophication water body; D, collecting the cladocerans in the enclosure, wherein a net bag is used for collecting during the cladoceran breeding process. The method provided by the invention is easy to implement, convenient to operate, low in culture cost, high in water body utilization rate, large in culture scale, facilitates realization of industrial production and provides sufficient zooplankter germplasm resources for ecological restoration of eutrophication lakes.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to culture fishery and water environment restoration of the ecosystem field, be more particularly to branch angle in a kind of freshwater lake
The original position enclosure scale breeding method of class, is particularly suited for the large-scale culture of large-scale cladocera (such as Daphnia), can apply
There is provided swimming of abundance dynamic in freshwater aquaculture industry high-quality natural bait large-scale production and eutrophic lake restoration of the ecosystem field
Thing germ plasm resource.
Background technology
Cladocera (Cladocera) is commonly called as or blood worm, belongs to Arthropoda (Arthropoda), Crustachia
(Crustacea), Branchiopoda (Phyllopoda), double Leptostraca (Diplostraca), branch angle suborder (Cadoera), be water body
The important monoid of zooplankton.Play an important role in terms of aquatic ecosystem structure, function and biological productivity.Cladocera
Not only there is higher protein content (accounting for the 40%-60% of dry weight), containing important amino acid necessary to fish nutrition, and
And containing vitamin and calcareous the abundantest, be to raise the optimal living baits such as Fish shrimp Eriocheir sinensis germling.Still further aspect, water body
Eutrophication is on the rise, and controlling breaking out of body eutrophication and algal bloom is one of the focus of ecological study.
Utilizing feeding of zooplankton phytoplankton is the theoretical basis that bio operon controls algal bloom.Zooplankton is bio operon
One of key factor, macrozooplankton is then factor most important, that most probable forces down phytoplankton quantity, and it is medium-and-large-sized
Cladocera is that algae is maximally effective herds trencherman.But, the life cycle of primary producer (phytoplankton) is short, breeding is fast, primary
Formation is accumulated by product if utilized by secondary production person (zooplankton) the most rapidly, produces so-called wawter bloom；And cladocera is lake
The important monoid of pool zooplankton, can play important regulating and controlling effect in aquatic ecosystem.Existing numerous studies show, large-scale
Cladocera (such as Daphnia) has higher filter food rate to phytoplankton, can control in eutrophication water to a certain extent
Algal bloom.It addition, cladocera is in close relations with Water quality, wherein many kinds are more sensitive to environmental change, and some is planted
Class itself can accumulate and a certain amount of pollutant of metabolism, has played the effect of " water purifier " to a certain extent.Therefore, branch
Angle class, as a kind of high-quality natural bait and important ecological functions thereof, carries out pilot scale culture to freshwater aquaculture industry and lake to it
Pool restoration of the ecosystem aspect is respectively provided with great meaning.
The utilization of cladocera is mainly used the extensive style such as pond fertilising to cultivate by the past, or manually fishes for natural resources,
Largely the natural conditions such as climate, water temperature limit.Along with fish shrimp crab aquaculture be surging forward and Seedling production not
Disconnected development, increases accordingly to the demand of cladocera.Simultaneously by the control of cladocera kind, quantity etc. can be directly affected
Its ingest cyanophyceae (descending effect), reaches to control the purpose of phytoplankton.Therefore, extensive artificial culture is large-scale in recent years
Cladocera is by most attention.Taking coverage of water greatly owing to existing artificial culture's mode there is also, efficiency is low, cost
Height, bait is unholiness waits series of problems, and the most current pilot scale culture exists certain difficulty.About the bait of cladocera,
Past numerous studies are limited only to unicellular alga, Banta muck culture fluid (cattle, horse argol and Caulis et Folium Oryzae leachate), yeast etc..
Restricted by feed source, cultivation scale and yield are not had big breakthrough.If therefore can will Eutrophication Lake Water be deposited in a large number
Cyanophyceae, the natural bait cultivated as cladocera such as submerged plant residue chip, develop based on eutrophication water in situ
The method of pilot scale culture cladocera, can reduce production cost, can guarantee that again the bait supply of cladocera.For promoting further
The large-scale culture technology of cladocera provides new thinking.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the defect of prior art, be there are provided cladocera in a kind of freshwater lake former
Position enclosure scale breeding method, easy to implement the method, easy and simple to handle, utilize the natural lake water of eutrophic lake to raise cladocera, support
Bait throwing in is carried out according to the growing state of cladocera during growing.Aquaculture cost is low, and water body utilization rate is high, and scale of cultivating is big, has pipe
Reason is easy, fish for conveniently, without substantial amounts of bait throwing in, be beneficial to realize industrialized production and the restoration of the ecosystem for eutrophic lake
Provide the zooplankton germ plasm resource of abundance.
In order to realize above-mentioned purpose, the present invention by the following technical solutions:
In a kind of freshwater lake, the original position enclosure scale breeding method of cladocera, the steps include:
A, lake surface build back cover enclosure: in lake water, the original position enclosure of cladocera cultivation is the waterproof cloth (market customized
On purchase) enclosure (those of ordinary skill in the art all can prepare), do by high density polyethylene (HDPE) woven cloth and enclose curtain, inside have one layer
Fluid-tight vinyon cloth, four angles of periphery are fixed on steel pipe skeleton, do not have water coke slurry (back cover with outside enclosure in enclosure
Waterproof cloth enclosure system).
The size of the waterproof cloth enclosure of described customization is 1.0m × 1.0m × 1.0m (long × wide × deep) or equivalent volume
More than 1m3 size specification.
Bait throwing in B, enclosure: the natural bait of cladocera is that eutrophic lake blue-green alga bloom lake water is through screen cloth (aperture
Less than 100 μm) filter after microalgae filtrate (Chlorophyll-a Content be more than 100 μ g/L) or lake water directly add appropriate submerged plant
Rots (rot volume ratio is more than 0.5%) etc. are rich in organic water body.Preferred, containing cyanophyceae as technique scheme
The cladocera that wawter bloom lake water is cultivated less than the screen filtration of 100 μm through aperture is particularly suited for the phytoplankton control cyanophyceae that ingests
Biomass.Described microalgae refers to live in eutrophication water, single-cell algae or the diameter colony algae less than 60 microns,
Algae including Bacillariophyta, Chlorophyta, Chrysophyta, Xanthophyta and Cyanophyta.
Cladocera inoculation in C, enclosure: screening is suitable for the 3-6 kind Cladocera from Freshwaters of pilot scale culture, and (common is main
There are Daphnia magna, flea shape flea, grand line flea etc.).1000/the m of inoculum density of cladocera3More than and.The flea kind of artificial culture is come
Source is quite varied, and available zooplankton netizen's work is salvaged and gathered prolific cladocera in some eutrophic water bodies；It addition,
In the case of amount reproduction without cladocera, the bed mud that former years, cladocera amount reproduction was crossed, resting egg therein i.e. winter egg can be taked
Through after a while after the duration of diapause of (3-7 days), give in indoor suitable Reproduction Conditions (about temperature 20-25 DEG C, illumination not
Less than 1000Lux) also can obtain flea kind.Common large-scale in genus, flea shape, carina, lunge etc. and naked abdomen
A few species (abdomen as naked in straight volume, the naked abdomen of thorniness etc.) in genus be adapted to artificial culture (see document: Lu Kaihong. fresh water branch
The culture technique [J] of angle class. aquaculture, 1992,1:2 4.).
In D, enclosure, cladocera is gathered: during cladocera natural propagation, when the density of cladocera is more than 200/liter
Time above, gathering for adult cladocera, concrete picking methods is, uses the string bag of more than 30 mesh to carry out salvaging and adopts
Receive.
Described cladocera is common large-scale in mainly including belonging to, flea shape, carina etc..
The original position enclosure scale breeding method of cladocera in described freshwater lake, without controlling temperature in breeding process
The environmental conditions such as degree, illumination；Back cover enclosure upper end is flexible buoyancy aid, can lift (enclosure flexibility buoyancy aid design with water-level fluctuation
Figure is such as Fig. 1 and Fig. 2).
The bait of described cladocera is that eutrophic lake contains blue-green alga bloom lake water or lake water adds submerged plant and rots
The natural baits such as thing；Additionally need to be with 100 mesh and above screen filtration during water filling, it is to avoid the harmful organisms such as small fish enter.
Described in cladocera breeding process, probiotics of can periodically splashing, described probiotics selected from photosynthetic bacteria or
Bacillus subtilis or yeast or lactic acid bacteria one of which or any (multiple) mixing of two to four kinds；Described probiotics
The cycle of splashing is 2-7 days；The probiotics weight every time splashed is 1-10mg/L.
Described in cladocera breeding process, need the change (such as transparency, dissolved oxygen etc.) of periodic monitoring water quality, work as water
Body dissolved oxygen is less than 2mg/L, or when transparency is more than 60cm, carries out in time gathering and injecting new water or add bait, concrete
Picking methods is, uses the string bag of more than 30 mesh to carry out salvaging and gathers.
Compared with prior art, have following has advantage and an effect to the present invention:
The present invention relates to the original position enclosure scale breeding method of cladocera in a kind of freshwater lake.This technology mainly utilizes
The natural lake water of eutrophic lake raises cladocera, and during cultivation, the growing state according to cladocera carries out bait throwing in.With existing skill
Art is compared, and uses the cladocera cultivation that the present invention is carried out, and has that aquaculture cost is low, water body utilization rate high, cultivation scale is big
Advantage.The cultural method additionally provided in the present invention also has management simplicity, fishes for conveniently, without the advantages such as a large amount of bait throwing in, profit
In realizing industrialized production and the zooplankton germ plasm resource of the restoration of the ecosystem offer abundance for eutrophic lake.
1) the different bait of nursing is on the large-scale impact waiting cladocera growth, found that feed blue-green alga bloom filtrate or sink
Water plant decay liquid all can obtain the large-scale of higher density and wait cladocera, and cladocera density can reach in cultivation cycle 2-3 week
200～1000/L, and major part individuality relatively big (major part body length reaches more than 4mm), color major part is red, and activity is good
(different bait are fed large-scale growth characteristics and be see table).
2) the large-scale development that, activity relatively big by picking individual is good controls algae experiment, found that large-scale density and algae
There is obvious concentration effect (see Fig. 5) in density: large-scale density is the biggest, and algae biomass declines the fastest, when large-scale density is big
When 40/L, can control the reproduction speed of relatively low-density algae in eutrophication water, additionally chlorophyll-a concentration is less than 75 μ g/L
Time, can be down to 50 below μ g/L in one week.Showing that algae density is the highest, algae growth potential is the biggest, needs highdensity large-scale
Could control；On the contrary, algae density is the lowest, the speed of growth that just can control algae large-scale compared with low-density.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the perspective view that a kind of cladocera cultivates back cover enclosure.
Fig. 2 is a kind of back cover enclosure foam floating body full-page proof schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is a kind of 12m × 12m × 1.5m (long × wide × deep) enclosure photo.
Fig. 4 is a kind of 3m × 3m × 1.5m (long × wide × deep) enclosure photo.
Fig. 5 is that a kind of different densities is large-scale to Microcystis aeruginosa biomass control effect schematic diagram.
Wherein a, b, c be respectively chlorophyll a initial content 50 μ g/L, 75 μ g/L, and under the conditions of 100 μ g/L, different densities is large-scale
Control algae effect: large-scale density is the biggest, algae biomass decline the fastest, when large-scale density more than 40/L time, can control
The reproduction speed of relatively low-density algae in eutrophication water, during such as chlorophyll-a concentration less than 75 μ g/L, can be down to 50 in one week
Below μ g/L.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail.This specific embodiment is only the solution to the present invention
Releasing, it is not limitation of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can be as required to this reality after reading this specification
Execute example and make the amendment not having creative contribution, but as long as all being protected by Patent Law in scope of the presently claimed invention
Protect.
Embodiment 1:
The original position enclosure scale breeding method of cladocera in a kind of freshwater lake, specifically includes following steps:
1) large-scale screening:
Screening healthy, great-hearted large-scale (body length is more than 2-6mm), large-scale source is mainly artificial culture (room
Chlorella or scenedesmus is periodically fed under the conditions of temperature), kind source is that Caohai of Dianchi Lake bed mud is through hatching the large-scale of natural propagation.
2) back cover enclosure is built:
Back cover enclosure high density polyethylene (HDPE) woven cloth is done and is enclosed curtain, inside has one layer of fluid-tight vinyon cloth, periphery
Four angles are fixed on steel pipe skeleton, do not have water coke slurry with outside enclosure in enclosure.The size of enclosure is that 12m × 12m × 1.5m is (long
× wide × deep).Will be enriched in the lake water of the blue-green alga bloom screen filtration more than 200 mesh in the enclosure put up；Institute in Fig. 3
The cladocera (large-scale) cultivation enclosure (12m × 12m × 1.5m) shown, area is 144m2, the water yield about 200m3.
3) large-scale inoculation:
Being inoculated into the cladocera after screening rich in the water body of microalgae, inoculum density is 1000/m3.
4) large-scale cultivation:
In breeding process, in control cultivation enclosure, the dissolved oxygen of breeding water body is at more than 2mg/L；Cultivated large-scale
Cheng Zhong, need periodically to splash probiotics, described probiotics be photosynthetic bacteria or bacillus subtilis or yeast or lactic acid bacteria its
Middle a kind of or any (multiple) two to four kinds mixes；The cycle of splashing of probiotics is 10 days；The probiotics weight every time splashed
For 10mg/L.
5) large-scale gather:
When large-scale density is more than time more than 200/liter, for large-scale gathering of growing up, the concrete side of gathering
Formula is, uses the string bag of more than 30 mesh to carry out part and gathers, and remaining small-sized cladocera continues to cultivate.
Large scale individual after results big (major part body length reaches more than 4mm), density is high (about 500～1000/liter),
Color major part is red, and activity is good.
Embodiment 2:
The original position enclosure scale breeding method of cladocera in a kind of freshwater lake, specifically includes following steps:
1) large-scale screening:
Screening healthy, great-hearted large-scale (the long 2-6mm of body), large-scale source is mainly artificial culture, and kind source is
Caohai of Dianchi Lake bed mud is large-scale through hatching natural propagation；
2) back cover enclosure is built:
Back cover enclosure high density polyethylene (HDPE) woven cloth is done and is enclosed curtain, inside has one layer of fluid-tight vinyon cloth, periphery
It is fixed on steel pipe skeleton, in enclosure, there is no water coke slurry with outside enclosure.The size of enclosure be 3m × 3m × 1.5m (long × wide ×
Deeply).One of them enclosure will be enriched in the lake water of blue-green alga bloom screen filtration more than 200 mesh in the enclosure put up,
And give natural lighting, cultivate microalgae；Another one enclosure injects lake water and adds appropriate submerged plant rot, and
Remove the harmful organisms such as Fish；Cladocera (large-scale) cultivation enclosure (3m × 3m × 1.5m) as shown in Figure 4, area is
9m2, the water yield about 13.5m3.
3) large-scale inoculation:
Cladocera after screening is inoculated into rich in organic (Source Organic Matter is mainly submerged plant rot,
A large amount of releasing nutrients salt are in water body) water body in, inoculum density is 1000/m3。
4) large-scale cultivation:
In breeding process, in control cultivation enclosure, the dissolved oxygen of breeding water body is at more than 2mg/L；Cultivated large-scale
Cheng Zhong, need periodically to splash probiotics, described probiotics be photosynthetic bacteria or bacillus subtilis or yeast or lactic acid bacteria its
Middle a kind of or any (multiple) two to four kinds mixes；The cycle of splashing of probiotics is 10 days；The probiotics weight every time splashed
For 10mg/L；
5) large-scale gather:
When large-scale density is more than time more than 200/liter, for large-scale gathering of growing up, the concrete side of gathering
Formula is, uses the string bag of more than 30 mesh to carry out part and gathers, and remaining small-sized cladocera continues to cultivate.
Large scale individual after results big (major part body length reaches more than 4mm), density is high (about 500～1000/liter),
Color major part is red, and activity is good.
By above technical measures: carried out following experiment and obtained following technique effect:
1) the different bait of nursing is on the large-scale impact waiting cladocera growth, found that feed blue-green alga bloom filtrate or sink
Water plant decay liquid all can obtain the large-scale of higher density and wait cladocera, and cladocera density can reach in cultivation cycle 2-3 week
200～1000/L, and major part individuality relatively big (major part body length reaches more than 4mm), color major part is red, and activity is good
(different bait are fed large-scale growth characteristics and be see table).
2) the large-scale development that, activity relatively big by picking individual is good controls algae experiment, found that large-scale density and algae
There is obvious concentration effect (see Fig. 5) in density: large-scale density is the biggest, and algae biomass declines the fastest, when large-scale density is big
When 40/L, can control the reproduction speed of relatively low-density algae in eutrophication water, additionally chlorophyll-a concentration is less than 75 μ g/L
Time, can be down to 50 below μ g/L in one week.Showing that algae density is the highest, algae growth potential is the biggest, needs highdensity large-scale
Could control；On the contrary, algae density is the lowest, the speed of growth that just can control algae large-scale compared with low-density.
Claims (1)
1. an original position enclosure scale breeding method for cladocera in freshwater lake, the steps include:
A, lake surface build back cover enclosure: in lake water, the original position enclosure of cladocera cultivation is waterproof cloth enclosure, gathers by high density
Ethylene woven cloth is done and is enclosed curtain, inside has one layer of fluid-tight vinyon cloth, four angles of periphery to be fixed on steel pipe skeleton, enclosure
Interior do not have water coke slurry outside enclosure；
Described waterproof cloth enclosure is 1.0 m × 1.0, m × 1.0 m length × wide × deep or equivalent volume 1 m3Above specification；
Bait throwing in B, enclosure: the natural bait of cladocera is micro-after screen filtration of eutrophic lake blue-green alga bloom lake water
Algae filtrate or lake water directly add submerged plant rot, are less than the screen filtration of 100 m through aperture containing blue-green alga bloom lake water
The cladocera cultivated is used for phytoplankton control blue alga biomass of ingesting, and described microalgae refers to live in eutrophication water
In, single-cell algae or the diameter colony algae less than 60 microns, cell has chloroplast, photosynthetic efficiency is far above common
Plant, including the algae of Bacillariophyta, Chlorophyta, Chrysophyta, Xanthophyta and Cyanophyta；
Cladocera inoculation in C, enclosure: screening is suitable for the 3-6 kind Cladocera from Freshwaters of pilot scale culture, and the inoculation of cladocera is close
1000/m of degree3, the flea kind source of artificial culture is quite varied, gathers in some eutrophic water bodies the most numerous with zooplankton net
The cladocera grown；It addition, in the case of without cladocera amount reproduction, take the bed mud that former years, cladocera amount reproduction was crossed, its
In resting egg i.e. winter egg after the duration of diapause of 3-7 days, give Reproduction Conditions in indoor, temperature 20-25 DEG C, illumination are not less than
1000 Lux, common large-scale in genus, flea shape, carina, lunge kind are adapted to artificial culture；
In D, enclosure, cladocera is gathered: during cladocera natural propagation, the density of cladocera more than 200/liter, for
Adult cladocera is gathered, and uses the string bag of 30 mesh to carry out salvaging and gathers；
Described in cladocera breeding process, probiotics of periodically splashing, described probiotics is selected from photosynthetic bacteria or hay bud
Spore bacillus or yeast or lactic acid bacteria one of which or any mixing of two to four kinds；
The cycle of splashing of described probiotics is 2-7 days；The probiotics weight every time splashed is 1-10 mg/L；
Described in cladocera breeding process, the change of periodic monitoring water quality, Dissolved Oxygen in Water is less than 2 mg/L, or transparency
More than 60 cm, carry out gathering and injecting new water or add bait.
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