CN101541889B - 有机硅树脂的含水乳液 - Google Patents
有机硅树脂的含水乳液 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101541889B CN101541889B CN200780043180XA CN200780043180A CN101541889B CN 101541889 B CN101541889 B CN 101541889B CN 200780043180X A CN200780043180X A CN 200780043180XA CN 200780043180 A CN200780043180 A CN 200780043180A CN 101541889 B CN101541889 B CN 101541889B
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- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 118
- 229920002050 silicone resin Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000004469 siloxy group Chemical group [SiH3]O* 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- -1 n-octyl Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical group [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052728 basic metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003818 basic metals Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims 4
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 150000007530 organic bases Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 34
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 12
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 12
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triflic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
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- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 5
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- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011342 resin composition Substances 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000237502 Ostreidae Species 0.000 description 3
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- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N disiloxane Chemical class [SiH3]O[SiH3] KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 3
- 235000012204 lemonade/lime carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- BFXIKLCIZHOAAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyltrimethoxysilane Chemical compound CO[Si](C)(OC)OC BFXIKLCIZHOAAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000005133 29Si NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 206010009866 Cold sweat Diseases 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical class CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium methoxide Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 125000004103 aminoalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
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- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000003253 isopropoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(O*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HMMGMWAXVFQUOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane Chemical compound C[Si]1(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O1 HMMGMWAXVFQUOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MSRJTTSHWYDFIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N octyltriethoxysilane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC MSRJTTSHWYDFIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241000283984 Rodentia Species 0.000 description 1
- NSOXQYCFHDMMGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrakis(2-hydroxypropyl)ethylenediamine Chemical compound CC(O)CN(CC(C)O)CCN(CC(C)O)CC(C)O NSOXQYCFHDMMGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007171 acid catalysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003377 acid catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
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- HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylamine Chemical compound CCNCC HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- IALUUOKJPBOFJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium oxidosilane Chemical compound [K+].[SiH3][O-] IALUUOKJPBOFJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010944 pre-mature reactiony Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L83/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
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- C04B41/49—Compounds having one or more carbon-to-metal or carbon-to-silicon linkages ; Organo-clay compounds; Organo-silicates, i.e. ortho- or polysilicic acid esters ; Organo-phosphorus compounds; Organo-inorganic complexes
- C04B41/4905—Compounds having one or more carbon-to-metal or carbon-to-silicon linkages ; Organo-clay compounds; Organo-silicates, i.e. ortho- or polysilicic acid esters ; Organo-phosphorus compounds; Organo-inorganic complexes containing silicon
- C04B41/495—Compounds having one or more carbon-to-metal or carbon-to-silicon linkages ; Organo-clay compounds; Organo-silicates, i.e. ortho- or polysilicic acid esters ; Organo-phosphorus compounds; Organo-inorganic complexes containing silicon applied to the substrate as oligomers or polymers
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Abstract
公开了一种有机硅树脂的含水乳液,当从乳液的膜中除去水时,该乳液提供固体硅氧烷树脂涂层。该有机硅树脂乳液可用于处理各种基底用以赋予耐水性/拒水性并改进磨蚀/气候保护性能。特别地,它们可用于赋予矿物基建筑材料耐水性,以及在油漆中用作粘合剂。
Description
相关申请的交叉参考
本申请要求2006年11月29日提交的US60/861636的优先权。
技术领域
本发明涉及有机硅树脂的含水乳液,当从乳液的膜中除去水时,它提供固体涂层。该有机硅树脂乳液可用于处理各种基底用以赋予耐水性/拒水性并改进磨蚀/气候保护性能。特别地,它们可用于赋予矿物基建筑材料耐水性同时提供水蒸气渗透性,以及在油漆中用作粘合剂。
背景技术
有机硅树脂的含水乳液用于各种表面处理剂中,例如在水性油漆和涂料中用作添加剂,以及在处理纺织品材料中使用。有机硅树脂提供保护防止磨蚀和气候,增加耐水性或拒水性,改进耐污性并允许水蒸气渗透。
US4582874公开了低分子量的有机硅树脂的含水乳液,它包括以重量计:(a)1-60%的有机硅树脂,(b)0.1-10%乳化剂和(c)水。
US5443627教导了浸渍结构纤维增强的接合剂用的有机基聚硅氧烷-烷基三烷氧基硅烷乳液,它含有:组分(A)不含碱性氮的有机基聚硅氧烷,(B)烷基三烷氧基硅烷,(C)乳化剂和(D)水。
US5531812公开了基于含有反应性基团的有机基硅烷和/或有机基硅氧烷树脂的含水乳液的矿物建筑材料用防水剂,其中分散相的平均粒度为0.55-1.1微米和粒度区间在小于1.3范围内。
US6262171公开了一种含水乳液,它包括组分(A)选自(A1)C1-C20烷基-C2-C6烷氧基硅烷和(A2)含烷氧基的有机基聚硅氧烷中的有机基硅氧烷组合物,(B)含有一个或多个硅氧烷单元的有机基聚硅氧烷,所述硅氧烷单元具有含碱性氮的SiC-键合的基团,条件是有机基聚硅氧烷的胺值为至少0.01,和(C)乳化剂。所述乳液用于使多孔矿物建筑材料疏水。
US6294608公开了赋予建筑材料和木材拒水性的含水乳液。该乳液含有组分(A)选自(A1)C1-C20烃-C1-C6烷氧基硅烷和(A2)含有C1-C6烷氧基的支链有机基聚硅氧烷中的有机基硅化合物,(B)选自(B1)含氨烷基的C1-C6烷氧基硅烷和(B2)含氨烷基的支链有机基硅氧烷中的有机基硅化合物和(C)乳化剂。该含水乳液适合于赋予多孔矿物建筑材料和建筑涂层以及木材拒水性。
US4877654涉及由在一定pH范围内水解稳定的硅烷、乳化剂和提供该一定pH范围的缓冲化合物组成的含水硅烷乳液。
若有机硅树脂乳液干燥成在膜内具有良好粘附性和对基底具有良好粘合性的内聚树脂膜,则来自于使用有机硅树脂乳液的优势可能更加突出。这种内聚膜可来自于有机硅树脂乳液,其中乳液液滴含有彼此反应和当除去水时与基底反应的基团或官能团。后一工艺有时称为“后固化”,这与其中在施加之前在乳液液滴内的油相交联并因此变得不具有反应性的“预固化”相反。然而,其中有机硅树脂含有显著大量反应性基团,特别是水解反应性基团的有机硅树脂乳液面临数个挑战。例如,有机硅树脂乳液因树脂水解导致具有差的货架稳定性,这常常产生醇,而醇使乳液去稳定。另一机理是树脂缩合,它导致破乳或乳液胶凝。甚至当乳液保持稳定时,在乳液液滴内的有机硅树脂可缓慢地反应,结果随着时间流逝它丧失一些或所有的反应性基团,和结果与新制备的乳液相比,由老化的乳液形成的膜的强度和粘合性或粘合能力大大下降。
含反应性有机硅树脂的乳液遇到的另一问题是,在除去水之后,“后固化”没有完全,从而在基底上留下液体层或者粘性或油脂状的膜。若基底材料使得它在粘合膜内促进后固化,则可以克服这一问题,但这会大大地限制基底的选择。或者,可在乳液内掺入催化剂。然而,在乳液内使用催化剂的缺点是,需要在制备之后立即使用乳液,否则油相倾向于过早反应,从而变硬,结果来自于老化乳液的膜丧失其机械强度。因此,需要具有良好储存稳定性并在任何表面施加时,一旦干燥提供固体非粘性涂层且不含催化剂的有机硅树脂乳液。
发明概述
本发明涉及含水乳液,它包括:A)1-70wt%的经验式为RxSi(OZ)y(O)4-x-y/2且在25℃下粘度为1-4000mPa·s的有机硅树脂,其中R是具有1-30个碳原子的单价有机基团,Z是氢或具有1-4个碳原子的烷基,x的数值为0.75-1.7,y的数值为0.1-2.0,B)0-40wt%的羟基封端的聚二有机基硅氧烷,C)基于组分A)和B)的重量,0.5-20%的乳化剂,D)基于乳液的重量,0.001-5%的水溶性盐,其中当从该乳液的膜中除去水时,该乳液提供固体涂层。
有机硅树脂乳液可用于处理各种基底用以赋予耐水性/拒水性并改进磨蚀/气候保护性能。特别地,它们可用于赋予矿物基建筑材料耐水性,以及在油漆中用作粘合剂。这些有机硅树脂乳液还可用于脱模涂层,例如模塑聚氨酯和橡胶制品的那些脱模涂层。详细说明A)有机硅树脂
本发明的乳液含有1-70wt%经验式为RxSi(OZ)y(O)4-x-y/2且粘度为1-4000mPa·s的有机硅树脂,其中R是具有1-30个碳原子的单价有机基团,Z是氢或具有1-4个碳原子的烷基,x的数值为0.75-1.7,y的数值为0.1-2.0。
本发明乳液内的有机硅树脂是有机基聚硅氧烷。有机基聚硅氧烷是含有独立地选自常常分别称为M、D、T和Q甲硅烷氧基单元的(R3SiO0.5)、(R2SiO)、(RSiO1.5)或(SiO2)甲硅烷氧基单元中的硅氧烷单元的聚合物,其中R可以是含有1-30个碳原子的任何有机基团。这些甲硅烷氧基单元可按照各种方式结合,形成环状、直链或支链的有机基聚硅氧烷结构。有机基聚硅氧烷结构的化学和物理性能可随有机基聚硅氧烷内存在的甲硅烷氧基单元的类型和数量而变化。例如,有机基聚硅氧烷可以是挥发或低粘度流体,高粘度流体/胶料,弹性体或橡胶,和树脂。
可用作本发明的乳液内的有机硅树脂的有机基聚硅氧烷可具有(R3SiO0.5)、(R2SiO)、(RSiO1.5)或(SiO2)甲硅烷氧基单元的任何结合,条件是该有机基聚硅氧烷具有以上所述的经验式且在25℃下的粘度为1-4000mPa·s,或者在25℃下为10-1000mPa·s,或者在25℃下为50-500mPa·s。
在一个实施方案中,作为本发明乳液内的有机硅树脂而选择的有机基聚硅氧烷主要含有D和T单元。在这一实施方案中,D和T甲硅烷氧基除了在硅原子上具有R取代基以外还可含有表示为OZ的羟基或烷氧基取代基,其中Z是氢或具有1-4个碳原子的烷基。在不希望束缚于任何理论的情况下,本发明人认为在有机基聚硅氧烷内存在这些OZ基将在该树脂内提供反应性位点,以允许随后在从乳液中除去水之后它形成固体涂层。典型地,以SiOZ基形式存在于有机基聚硅氧烷上的OZ基的数量为有机基聚硅氧烷中SiOZ基的至少10wt%,或者SiOZ基wt%范围为有机基聚硅氧烷的10-40wt%。可使用29Si NMR光谱法,常规地测定在有机基聚硅氧烷内的SiOZ基wt%。
或者,在本发明的乳液组合物内有用的有机硅树脂的通式为:[(R2SiO(2-a)/2)c(OZ)a][(RSiO(3-b)/2)(1-c)(OZ)b]其中c和1-c表示甲硅烷氧基单元的摩尔分数,a为0-2,b为0-2,c为0-0.6,条件是a+b为0.10-2.00,R是具有1-30个碳原子的单价有机基团,Z是氢或具有1-4个碳原子的烷基。在这一通式中,[(R2SiO(2-a)/2)c(OZ)a]表示D甲硅烷氧基单元,和[(RSiO(3-b)/2)(1-c)(OZ)b]表示T甲硅烷氧基单元。在有机硅树脂内D和T甲硅烷氧基单元的摩尔分数分别用下标c和1-c表示。在每一甲硅烷氧基单元上的OZ基的数量可以变化,如下标a和b所表示的。
或者,在本发明的乳液组合物内有用的有机硅树脂可包括下式:[(CH3)2SiO2/2]d[(CH3)SiO3/2]e[(CH3)SiO3/2]e[(CH3)2SiO2/2]d[(CH3)SiO3/2]e,或者[(CH3)2SiO2/2]d[(CH3)SiO3/2]e[(C8H17)7SiO3/2]f其中下标d、e和f各自为大于0的整数,其数值足以提供具有以上所定义粘度的有机硅树脂;或者d可以在0.4-1之间变化,或者为0.1-0.3,或者e可以在0.4-1之间变化,或者为0.7-0.9,或者f可以在0-0.1之间变化,或者为0.01-0.04。
可通过任何已知方法,制备用作组分A)的有机硅树脂,但典型地通过环状硅氧烷的开环反应,接着与烷氧基硅烷水解缩聚,或者通过水解缩聚烷氧基硅烷来制备用作组分A)的有机硅树脂。在这两种工序中,开环、水解和缩合反应可以是或酸或碱催化的。这些反应之后接着催化剂中和、蒸馏除去副产物醇、过滤并除去溶剂,以提供所需的产物。
例如,可通过制备50-90wt%烷基三烷氧基硅烷、二烷基二烷氧基硅烷和/或环状硅氧烷的混合物,在最多50wt%的极性溶剂内溶解该混合物,来制备烷基官能的有机硅树脂。典型地,极性溶剂可以是但不限于甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、异丙醇和/或丁醇。然后,使用合适的酸催化剂,使这一混合物与去离子水(1-20wt%)反应。实例包括但不限于0.05wt%三氟甲磺酸(TFMSA)或盐酸。该反应之后接着催化剂中和,蒸馏除去副产物醇。然后过滤该混合物并加热,以除去溶剂,得到所需的烷基官能的树脂。典型地,烷基由C1-C4组成,典型的烷氧基是羟基、甲氧基、乙氧基和/或异丙氧基。
或者,可通过制备50-90wt%烷基三烷氧基硅烷、二烷基二烷氧基硅烷和/或环状硅氧烷的混合物,在最多50wt%的极性溶剂内溶解该混合物,来制备有机硅树脂。典型地,极性溶剂可以是但不限于甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、异丙醇和/或丁醇。然后使用催化量的含水氢氧化钾(或对本领域的技术人员来说已知的其它合适的碱催化剂),用1-20wt%去离子水水解这一混合物。实例包括但不限于甲醇钠和硅烷醇钾。该反应之后接着催化剂中和、蒸馏除去副产物醇。用含水HCl(或另一合适的酸,例如乙酸)中和该催化剂。然后过滤该混合物,并除去溶剂,得到所需的烷基官能的有机硅树脂。典型地,烷基由C1-C4组成,烷氧基是羟基、甲氧基、乙氧基和/或异丙氧基。B)羟基封端的聚二有机基硅氧烷
本发明的乳液含有0-40wt%羟基封端的聚二有机基硅氧烷。因此,组分B)是任选的,但若存在的话,则是通式为下述的聚二有机基聚硅氧烷:[R2Si(OH)O1/2][R2SiO2/2]z[SiR2(OH)O1/2]其中R是含1-30个碳的有机基团,和z表示聚合度,且大于1。典型地,羟基封端的聚二有机基聚硅氧烷是聚合度(z)为1-1000,或者5-200,或者10-100的羟基封端的聚二甲基硅氧烷。C)乳化剂
基于组分A)和B)的重量,本发明的乳液含有0.5-20wt%乳化剂。尽管可通过任何类型的乳化剂,即阴离子、阳离子、非离子和两性乳化剂制备本发明的乳液,但聚乙烯醇(PVA)在实现成膜体系中是尤其有效的。例如,可通过使用非离子表面活性剂,或HLB范围为10-20的非离子表面活性剂的结合,来乳化组分A)和B)。当蒸发水时,所得乳液导致在中性基底上的液体或半固化膜。
有效的PVA包括聚合度(Pw)为600-4000或者重均分子量Mw为25,000-200,000且水解度(由乙酸酯得到)为70-98mol%,优选80-95mol%的那些。基于组分A)和B)的总重量,活性PVA的使用含量范围为0.5-20%,或者2-10%。D)水溶性盐
基于乳液的重量,本发明的乳液含有0.001-5%的水溶性盐。基于乳液的重量,在0.001-5%的活性含量下,水溶性有机或无机盐赋予本发明的水相中性到略碱性。可使用的水溶性盐的实例包括羧酸和磷酸的碱金属、碱土金属和铵盐。胺也是有效的;实例包括烷胺、二乙胺、三乙胺、乙二胺、单乙醇胺、二乙醇胺和三乙醇胺。基于乳液的重量,在0.01-0.2%的活性使用量下的碳酸钠或碳酸氢钠是尤其有效的。
也可掺入赋予乳液略微酸性的有机或无机酸来替代碱性盐,当除去水时,所述略微酸性的有机或无机酸还导致非油脂状、不发粘的膜。然而,优选7-11的碱性pH。在酸性或碱性范围内更加侵蚀性的pH是可能的,只要它不负面影响乳液或树脂的稳定性即可。工艺结合组分A)、B)、C)、D)和水或部分水的顺序不是关键的。在诸如转子定子混合器、均化器、声谱显示仪、微流化器、胶体磨、配有高速旋转或者配有赋予高剪切叶片的混合容器或超声仪之类的装置内,对各组分的混合物进行剪切。赋予最终的含水乳液中性到略微碱性或酸性的水溶性盐(d)可在高剪切之前与水相一起添加,或者在它被高剪切之后加入到乳液中。后一工序提供更好稳定性的乳液。
其他添加剂,例如填料、泡沫控制剂、防冻剂和杀生物剂也可掺入到乳液内。
在本发明的可供替代实施方案中,有机硅树脂乳液不含烷氧基硅烷。此处所使用的“不含烷氧基硅烷”是指没有添加烷氧基硅烷作为乳液的组分。烷氧基硅烷可用通式R3 aSiOR4)4-a表示,其中下标a为1、2或3,和R3独立地选自含1-30个碳的有机基团,和R4是含1-16个碳的烷基或羰基。这种烷氧基硅烷作为有机基官能的硅烷也是本领域已知的。通常将烷氧基硅烷加入到有机硅树脂的含水乳液中,以进一步与有机硅树脂和基底反应。当从乳液的膜中蒸发水时,本发明的有机硅树脂乳液提供固体涂层。因此,在这一实施方案中,该乳液可被视为“不含烷氧基硅烷”,因此不要求添加烷氧基硅烷来形成固体涂层。
本发明进一步提供在表面上制备固体涂层的方法,该方法包括:I)在表面上形成本发明的有机硅树脂乳液组合物的膜,II)从膜中除去水,形成固体涂层。
本发明的有机硅树脂乳液的特征在于,当从乳液的膜中除去水时,提供固体有机硅树脂。可通过在基底上简单地层铺小于数毫米乳液的薄层,并通过在环境条件下允许膜干燥,从膜中除去水,从而形成乳液的膜。或者,可在通风下加热或干燥膜,加速水的除去过程。或者,可例如通过刷涂,施加乳液到固体表面上,并允许在环境条件下干燥。乳液将提供残留的固体有机硅树脂组合物或涂层。形成固体有机硅树脂不取决于表面的类型或者要求催化剂的添加。也可将该乳液加入到含水配制剂中,并施加到基底上。
本发明的有机硅树脂乳液可用于处理各种基底用以赋予耐水性/拒水性并改进磨蚀/气候保护性能。特别地,它们可用于赋予矿物基建筑材料耐水性以及在油漆中还用作粘合剂。
实施例
对于本领域的技术人员来说,这些实施例拟阐述本发明,且不应当解释为限制权利要求中列出的本发明的范围。所有测量和实验在23℃下进行,除非另有说明。材料
如下所述制备在这些实施例中所使用的标记为A、B和C的有机硅树脂。有机硅树脂A
通过混合8262.4g甲基三甲氧基硅烷、812.8g八甲基环四硅氧烷、404.1g正辛基三乙氧基硅烷和333.3g甲醇,制备6000g的配合料。使用4.3g三氟甲磺酸(TFMSA)和1349.8g去离子水,在加热该混合物至回流温度(68-70℃)10小时的同时,水解该混合物。然后使用16.5g碳酸钙,中和该催化剂。通过蒸馏除去醇副产物和残留的溶剂,并过滤所得组合物。分析最终的烷基官能的有机硅树脂组合物,它含有16.0mol%Me2SiO2/2,84.0mol%RSiO3/2,17.9wt%确认硅氧烷的SiOZ,其中1.7mol%R基是辛基和其余是甲基,Z是氢或甲基,且至少80mol%是甲基。有机硅树脂B
通过混合9020.96g甲基三甲氧基硅烷和333.3g甲醇,制备6000g的配合料。使用4.5g三氟甲磺酸(TFMSA)和1193.3g去离子水,在加热该混合物至回流温度(68-70℃)10小时的同时,水解该混合物。然后使用18.0g碳酸钙,中和该催化剂。通过蒸馏除去醇副产物和残留的溶剂,并过滤所得组合物。分析最终的烷基官能的有机硅树脂组合物,它含有100.0mol%RSiO3/2,34.2wt%SiOZ。有机硅树脂C
通过混合6683.3g甲基三甲氧基硅烷、1605.1g八甲基环四硅氧烷、399.0g正辛基三乙氧基硅烷和333.3g甲醇,制备6000g的配合料。使用3.5g三氟甲磺酸(TFMSA)和1040.1g去离子水,在加热该混合物至回流温度(68-70℃)10小时的同时,水解该混合物。然后使用13.4g碳酸钙,中和该催化剂。通过蒸馏除去醇副产物和残留的溶剂,并过滤所得组合物。分析最终的烷基官能的有机硅树脂组合物,它含有30.0mol%Me2SiO2/2,70.0mol%RSiO3/2,18.1wt%SiOZ。实施例1-3
根据下述工序,制备12kg乳液E1。混合50份有机硅树脂A与30份水解度为92%且分子量为175,000的聚乙烯醇的10%水溶液和20份水,直到均匀。然后,在4500rpm和20psi的反压与40Hz的泵速下,使内容物一次通过2英寸的管线GreercoTM混合器(Chemineer Corp)。所得乳液(E1)均匀且为乳白色。
基于乳液的重量,一起添加一部分乳液E1与0.1%碳酸氢钠,并混合,得到乳液E2。
然后基于乳液的重量,一起添加一部分乳液E2与0.45%额外的碳酸氢钠和0.25%碳酸钠,并混合,得到乳液E3。
使用Malvern Instruments制造的MastersizerTM 2000,以体积模式测量乳液的粒度。发现所有三种乳液的粒度分布为单峰。报道了在50%(Dv(0.5))和90%(Dv(0.9))群落下的直径。
将乳液E1、E2和E3各自倾倒在聚苯乙烯培养皿内,并在空气中在环境下干燥。第二天观察该膜。
采用在制备之后立即用D2O稀释的E1乳液,和在密闭的容器内在50℃下储存2周之后用D2O稀释的E 3乳液,进行乳液内树脂组合物的29Si NMR测量。在环境下储存1月之后,通过GC分析乳液E 2,和在50℃下储存2周之后,通过GC分析乳液E3,测量乳液内的甲醇量。
下表1中概述了粒度、膜特性、乳液的pH、树脂组合物和甲醇含量。E1、E2和E3在环境条件下稳定数月,而没有观察到沉降或相分离。实施例4-12
根据下述制备500g乳液。混合50份有机硅树脂B与40份与实施例1相同的PVA的10%水溶液和10份水,直到均匀。然后,使用的Ultra-在24,000RPM下,剪切该混合物共4个循环,每次30秒,同时在各循环之间转动该混合物。所得乳液(E4)均匀且为乳白色。
将乳液E4细分成几个部分,每一部分25g,并在不同类型的盐下添加各部分。将各部分(E4-E12)倾倒在聚苯乙烯培养皿内,并在空气中在环境下干燥。第二天观察膜,并概述于表2中。实施例13
在不锈钢烧杯内混合400g有机硅树脂C和150g粘度为50,000cP的羟基封端的聚二甲基硅氧烷。向这一混合物中添加330g与实施例1相同的PVA的10%水溶液和100g水,直到均匀。然后,使用的Ultra-在24,000RPM下,剪切该混合物共4个循环,每次30秒,同时在各循环之间转动该混合物。然后将20g碳酸钠的10%水溶液加入到混合物中,并混合直到均匀。所得乳液(E13)均匀且为乳白色。最后,将3g乳液E13置于聚苯乙烯培养皿内,并在空气中在环境下干燥24小时,从而导致不发粘的非油脂状膜。表1
表2
膜的特征 | pH | Dv(0.5) | Dv(0.9) | 在乳液内测量的树脂结构 | 在乳液内的MeOH含量 | |
乳化之前E1中的树脂 | - | - | - | - | R1.158Si(OZ)0.519O1.162,其中R是98.3mol%甲基和1.7mol%辛基 | - |
E1(在制备之后立即) | 在膜的顶部和底部上的油脂 | 6.0 | 1.38μm | 4.30μm | R1.159Si(OZ)0.498O1.172,其中R是98.3mol%甲基和1.7mol%辛基 | 没有测量 |
E2(在制备之后立即) | 不含油脂无粘性,粘附到培养皿上 | 8.1 | 1.24μm | 4.05μm | 没有测量 | 0.7wt% |
E3(在50℃下储存2周之后) | 不含油脂无粘性,粘附到培养皿上 | 9.6 | 1.13μm | 3.72μm | R1.162Si(OZ)0.482O1.178,其中R是98.3mol%甲基和1.7mol%辛基 | 1.5wt% |
加入到25gE4中的盐 | E4 | E5 | E6 | E7 | E8 | E9 | E10 | E11 | E12 |
NaCl,10%溶液 | 3g | ||||||||
NaHCO3,2%溶液 | 5g | ||||||||
Na2CO3,2%溶液 | 2.5g | ||||||||
NaOH,1%溶液 | 0.15g | ||||||||
双(乳酰铵)二氢氧化钛,50%溶液 | 0.0125g | ||||||||
三乙醇胺,85%溶液 | 0.18g | ||||||||
ZnSO4,2%溶液 | 5g | ||||||||
HCl,10%溶液 | 0.12g | ||||||||
乳液pH | 5.4 | 5.95 | 7.93 | 10.6 | 8.38 | 6.26 | 8.75 | 5.15 | 4.06 |
膜的特征 | 部分固化,潮湿,没有粘附到基底上 | 部分固化,潮湿,没有粘附到基底上 | 充分固化,干燥,无粘性 | 充分固化,干燥,无粘性 | 充分固化,干燥,无粘性 | 部分固化,潮湿,没有粘附到基底上 | 充分固化,干燥,无粘性 | 大部分固化,油脂状感觉 | 充分固化,干燥,无粘性 |
Claims (10)
1.一种含水乳液,它包括:
A)1-70wt%的经验式为RxSi(OZ)y(O)4-x-y/2且在25℃下粘度为1-4000mPa·s的有机硅树脂,其中R是具有1-30个碳原子的单价有机基团,Z是氢或具有1-4个碳原子的烷基,x的数值为0.75-1.7,y的数值为0.1-2.0,
B)0-40wt%的羟基封端的聚二有机基硅氧烷,
C)基于组分A)和B)的重量,0.5-20%的乳化剂,
D)基于乳液的重量,0.001-5%的水溶性盐,
其中当从乳液的膜中除去水时,该乳液提供固体涂层;和
其中存在B)羟基封端的聚二有机基硅氧烷且它选自羟基封端的聚二甲基硅氧烷。
2.权利要求1的乳液,其中乳液组合物不含有机基硅烷且pH为7-11。
3.权利要求1的乳液,其中有机硅树脂是具有下式的有机基聚硅氧烷:
[(R2SiO(2-a)/2)c(OZ)a][(RSiO(3-b)/2)(1-c)(OZ)b]
其中c和1-c表示甲硅烷氧基单元的摩尔分数,a为0-2,b为0-2,c为0-0.6,条件是a+b为0.10-2.00,R是具有1-30个碳原子的单价有机基团,Z是氢或具有1-4个碳原子的烷基。
4.权利要求3的乳液,其中R是正辛基或甲基,和Z是氢或甲基。
5.权利要求1的乳液,其中C)乳化剂是聚乙烯醇。
6.权利要求1的乳液,其中D)水溶性盐是碱金属、碱土金属或铵盐。
7.权利要求1的乳液,其中D)水溶液盐是碳酸氢钠或碳酸钠。
8.一种制备固体涂层的方法,该方法包括:
I)在表面上形成权利要求1-7任何一项的乳液组合物的膜,
II)从膜中除去水,形成固体涂层。
9.根据权利要求8的方法制备的固体涂层。
10.一种涂料组合物,它包含权利要求1-7任何一项的乳液组合物。
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