CN101518942A - 一种用于一步法生产高强度pet木塑复合材料的设备 - Google Patents

一种用于一步法生产高强度pet木塑复合材料的设备 Download PDF

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CN101518942A
CN101518942A CN200910029855A CN200910029855A CN101518942A CN 101518942 A CN101518942 A CN 101518942A CN 200910029855 A CN200910029855 A CN 200910029855A CN 200910029855 A CN200910029855 A CN 200910029855A CN 101518942 A CN101518942 A CN 101518942A
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CN101518942B (zh
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李哲
于有国
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SKY WIN TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种用于一步法生产高强度PET木塑复合材料的设备，该设备挤出稳定且植物纤维不炭化，工艺容易控制，产品的色泽稳定，成品率高。本发明的用于一步法生产高强度PET木塑复合材料的设备，包括有第一阶同向平行双螺杆挤出装置、与第一阶同向平行双螺杆挤出装置衔接的喂料系统、第二阶挤出装置和模具，其中所述的喂料系统由喂料装置I和喂料装置II组成，喂料装置I位于第一阶同向平行双螺杆挤出装置双螺杆的开始部位，喂料装置II位于第一阶同向平行双螺杆挤出装置双螺杆的中点或中点以后部位。

Description

一种用于一步法生产高强度PET木塑复合材料的设备
技术领域
本发明涉及一种生产复合材料的设备，更具体地说涉及一种用于一步法生产高强度PET木塑复合材料的设备。
背景技术
木塑复合材料是近年来国际上蓬勃兴起的新一代绿色环保材料，其主要制造原料为天然纤维(木屑、锯末、秸秆、稻糠等)、塑料(PE、PP、PVC、ABS、PET、废塑料、再生塑料等)，以及改性剂、相容剂、润滑剂、工业颜料等添加剂和加工助剂。木塑复合材料型材的成本较低，可替代木材，塑料制品，在国际上已被广泛应用，在国内也得到了普遍关注，应用领域不断扩大。
现有的木塑复合材料制品的制造工艺一般有两种，一种是两步法：先用挤出机造粒，然后用单螺杆挤出机塑化或使用锥度双螺杆挤出机挤出、加压通过模具成型的两步法制造工艺；另一种是一步法双阶塑木复合材料制造设备。
这两种制造工艺在进行PET木塑的生产时都存在缺点，因为PET熔点高达265℃，植物纤维与PET混合后同步至加热265℃的过程中早已超过植物纤维的炭化点，造成纤维破坏。两步法设备：先经挤出机造粒时植物纤维已基本炭化，再经过挤出机二次塑化挤出时已全部炭化，此时做成的制品已经属于碳塑制品，植物纤维已经失去其本身填充、增强和改善制品表面效果(有木质的感觉)的作用。一步法的设备由于只有一个塑化过程相对两步法的两个塑化过程植物纤维的炭化程度有一定的减弱，仍然有大部分炭化。从工艺上降低PET的熔点、提高植物纤维的炭化点温度和耐温时间用一步法设备可以生产出炭化程度不太严重的PET木塑制品；此时生产工艺参数较难控制，制品表面颜色发暗，随生产速度和温度工艺的不同色差较大，成品率低，同时会造成制品成本的大幅提高，造成浪费。
申请人以前也申请了相关一步法生产木塑复合材料的设备，如专利号为200420078634.0、公告日为2005年8月3日的中国专利公开的一种一步法双阶塑木复合材料制造设备，该设备主要是采用同向平行双螺杆挤出机与单螺杆挤出机结合进行一步法生产木塑复合材料；专利号为200620068334.3、公告日为2007年2月2日的中国专利公开的一种一步法双阶塑木复合材料制造设备，该设备主要是采用同向平行双螺杆挤出机与锥形双螺杆挤出机结合进行一步法生产木塑复合材料。虽然以上两种专利皆为一步法设备，也具有设备挤出稳定，产品的致密度高的优点，但也没能解决针对PET高强度木塑在生产过程中植物纤维炭化的问题。因此，研究开发新的PET木塑复合材料制造设备势在必行。
发明内容
本发明解决了上述现在技术中存在的不足和问题，提供了一种用于一步法生产高强度PET木塑复合材料的设备，该设备挤出稳定且植物纤维不炭化，工艺容易控制，产品的色泽稳定，成品率高。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的：
本发明的用于一步法生产高强度PET木塑复合材料的设备，包括有第一阶同向平行双螺杆挤出装置、与第一阶同向平行双螺杆挤出装置衔接的喂料系统、第二阶挤出装置和模具，其中所述的喂料系统由喂料装置I和喂料装置II组成，喂料装置I位于第一阶同向平行双螺杆挤出装置双螺杆的开始部位，喂料装置II位于第一阶同向平行双螺杆挤出装置双螺杆的中点或中点以后部位。喂料装置I用于喂PET塑料及相关辅料，让PET先进入螺杆进行单独塑化；喂料装置II用于喂植物纤维及相关辅料，目的是使植物纤维与已经塑化的PET进行混合，不让植物纤维经过PET的高温塑化过程，这样可以缩短植物纤维经过高温段的时间，使植物纤维与塑化的PET一经混合马上挤出，降低植物纤维的炭化程度，生产出合格的制品。
本发明的用于一步法生产高强度PET木塑复合材料的设备，其进一步的技术方案是所述的第一阶同向平行双螺杆挤出装置双螺杆为变径双螺杆，变径部位在喂料装置II之前，双螺杆前端直径小于后端直径。前端直径小可让PET充分塑化，后端直径大可以进一步缩短植物纤维经过高温段的时间，把植物纤维的炭化程度降到最低。
本发明的用于一步法生产PET木塑复合材料的设备，其再进一步的技术方案是所述的第一阶同向平行双螺杆挤出装置双螺杆的前端直径小的螺杆长度占双螺杆总长度的1/2～3/4；再进一步的技术方案是所述的第一阶同向平行双螺杆挤出装置双螺杆的前端直径为33～160mm，双螺杆总长径比L/D为24～44。
本发明的用于一步法生产PET木塑复合材料的设备，其再进一步的技术方案还可以是所述的第一阶同向平行双螺杆挤出装置双螺杆的后端直径为35.6～165mm。
第二阶挤出装置为锥形双螺杆或单螺杆挤出机，此螺杆只需建压挤出不需要有塑化过程。
本发明的用于一步法生产高强度PET木塑复合材料的设备，所述的同向平行变径双螺杆挤出机优选其螺杆机构采用积木式，使导程大小可调、螺杆外径可变、随螺杆组合改变使塑化过程可控。
本发明具有以下有益效果：
本发明的用于一步法生产高强度PET木塑复合材料的设备挤出稳定，制品色差小，植物纤维不炭化，产品强度高，产品致密度高；同时能吃进大的颗粒料和塑化好的软料，也适用与其他高熔点塑料和普通塑料的生产；另外还具有设备占地小、节省人力及能源，工艺条件容易控制、制成品质量高、制造成本的消耗低，加工过程中原料的分散、塑化效果好、制品内部材质均匀，设备使用寿命长等特点。
附图说明
图1为本发明基本的结构示意图
图2为图1的俯视图
图3为变径部位双螺杆放大结构示意图
图4为变径部位双螺杆放大俯视示意图
具体实施方式
实施例
如图1、图2、图3和图4所示，
本发明的用于一步法生产高强度PET木塑复合材料的设备，包括有第一阶同向平行双螺杆挤出装置、与第一阶同向平行双螺杆挤出装置衔接的喂料系统、第二阶挤出装置和模具21，其中所述的喂料系统由喂料装置I和喂料装置II组成，喂料装置I位于第一阶同向平行双螺杆挤出装置双螺杆的开始部位，喂料装置II位于第一阶同向平行双螺杆挤出装置双螺杆的中点或中点以后部位。喂料装置I用于喂PET塑料及相关辅料，让PET先进入螺杆进行单独塑化；喂料装置II用于喂植物纤维及相关辅料，目的是使植物纤维与已经塑化的PET进行混合，不让植物纤维经过PET的高温塑化过程，这样可以缩短植物纤维经过高温段的时间，使植物纤维与塑化的PET一经混合马上挤出，降低植物纤维的炭化程度，生产出合格的制品。所述的第一阶同向平行双螺杆挤出装置双螺杆为变径双螺杆，变径部位在喂料装置II之前，双螺杆前端直径小于后端直径。前端直径小可让PET充分塑化，后端直径大可以进一步缩短植物纤维经过高温段的时间，把植物纤维的炭化程度降到最低。
喂料装置I5喂PET塑料及相关辅料，通过落料盒7与第一阶同向平行变径双螺杆挤出装置I衔接；喂料装置II12用于喂植物纤维及相关辅料，位于变径10、11后的大径端，通过法兰与第一阶同向平行双螺杆挤出装置联结，机筒小径端8、与大径端14、之间有过渡板11连接，螺杆小径端9与大径端15之间有大小头10过渡；第二阶挤出装置为单螺杆，第一阶同向平行双螺杆挤出装置与第二阶挤出机平行安装，并通过联接体16连接，联接体16密封、可视并可真空抽气。
本实施例的设备还包括有电机1、联轴器3、润滑系统2、减速箱4，喂料装置I5还包括干燥机6和落料室7，喂料装置II12带搅拌13。第一阶同向平行双螺杆挤出装置的机筒8、14有多节拼装而成，第一阶同向平行双螺杆挤出装置的加工段长度可以根据不同原料和制品不同的加工要求来调节，以达到最佳的加工工艺条件，使物料停留时间长短合适，确保物料的混炼、分散、剪切、捏合、塑化加工充分并控制植物纤维的长度和控制炭化。机筒的中间位置安装有螺纹元件，螺纹元件的作用是根据不同物料改变组合达到效果最优化，再通过联接体17与第二阶挤出机连接，第二阶挤出机包括有电机18、减速箱、第二阶挤出机的机筒19、螺杆20，从挤出机出来的物料通过木塑模具21成型制成塑木复合材料制品。
本实施例中的技术参数如下：
第一阶平行同向双螺杆挤出机：螺杆小端直径59.4mm、长径比L/D为20、螺杆大端直径62.4mm、长径比L/D为12、螺杆转速n为500rpm、冷却方式为水冷，PET喂料机为50型计量喂料机上加干燥机100型，植物纤维喂料机为65计量喂料机上加搅拌。
第二阶单螺杆挤出机：螺杆直径d为100mm、长径比12：1、压缩比为2、螺杆转速n为40rpm、机筒冷却方式为风冷。

Claims (5)

1、一种用于一步法生产高强度PET木塑复合材料的设备，包括有第一阶同向平行双螺杆挤出装置、与第一阶同向平行双螺杆挤出装置衔接的喂料系统、第二阶挤出装置和模具，其特征在于所述的喂料系统由喂料装置I和喂料装置II组成，喂料装置I位于第一阶同向平行双螺杆挤出装置双螺杆的开始部位，喂料装置II位于第一阶同向平行双螺杆挤出装置双螺杆的中点或中点以后部位。
2、根据权利要求1所述的用于一步法生产高强度PET木塑复合材料的设备，其特征在于所述的第一阶同向平行双螺杆挤出装置双螺杆为变径双螺杆，变径部位在喂料装置II之前，双螺杆前端直径小于后端直径。
3、根据权利要求2所述的用于一步法生产PET木塑复合材料的设备，其特征在于所述的第一阶同向平行双螺杆挤出装置双螺杆的前端直径小的螺杆长度占双螺杆总长度的1/2～3/4。
4、根据权利要求3所述的用于一步法生产PET木塑复合材料的设备，其特征在于所述的第一阶同向平行双螺杆挤出装置双螺杆的前端直径为33～160mm，双螺杆总长径比L/D为24～44。
5、根据权利要求2所述的用于一步法生产PET木塑复合材料的设备，其特征在于所述的第一阶同向平行双螺杆挤出装置双螺杆的后端直径为35.6～165mm。
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