CN101700692A - 一种异化型双锥螺杆挤出成型装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及橡胶等高聚物挤出成型技术领域的一种异化型双锥螺杆挤出成型装置，主体结构包括主螺杆、副螺杆、传动支撑部分或机座、混合挤出段、加料部分、单螺杆挤出部分、机头和加料口；单螺杆挤出部分包括锥形主螺杆和副螺杆，主螺杆长于副螺杆短，主螺杆与副螺杆轴线相交，主螺杆和副螺杆的螺棱旋向相反或相同；副螺杆设有锥形螺杆段，锥角及螺棱段长度与主螺杆的前半段相同，螺棱旋向相反或相同并与主螺杆前半段配合使用，形成传统的双锥螺杆挤出机型；主螺杆后半段是圆柱单螺杆段，形似单螺杆挤出机，其螺棱继续延伸长度，完成连续稳定挤出成型的功能；具有中间环节少，自动化程度高，劳动强度低，生产成本省，生产效率高等优点。
Description
技术领域：
本发明涉及橡胶等高聚物挤出成型技术领域，涉及一种异化型双锥螺杆挤出成型装置，可广泛应用于高分子材料的加工制备，特别是橡塑材料挤出成型制备产品的场合。
背景技术：
单螺杆挤出机和双锥螺杆挤出机是高分子材料挤出成型领域的两类传统技术，随着橡塑共混物越来越多的应用于实际生产生活之中，共混高聚物的成型加工已成为非常重要的环节，现有技术已逐渐显现出其固有缺陷。现有的共混成型加工方法主要有二种：一是橡塑共混物的动态硫化，其加工过程包括共混、动态硫化和挤出成型等工艺过程；另一种是以塑料为基体的橡塑共混制品，其性能主要表现为塑料的特性，以塑性为主(脆性)，其加工方法包括共混、挤出或成型和固化工艺过程。这两种方法都要求胶料在混炼后能立即送入挤出机进行挤出成型，否则，固化后必须粉碎或造粒才能再挤出成型。在现行的实际生产中，共混和挤出成型过程往往脱节，两道工序分别在密炼机和挤出机两台设备上完成，造成能源的浪费和生产成本的增加。日前，由青岛科技大学研发的高聚物共混物混炼成型装备在保持密炼机的良好混炼性能的同时，使混炼后的橡塑共混物能够及时地通过挤出机连续挤出成型，从而简化了工序，节约了生产成本，降低了能源消耗，使密炼机间歇式混炼加工与挤出机的连续化的成型加工有机结合，实现间歇式生产向连续化生产的跨越，但在实际应用过程中，这些现有的机型结构和技术存在一定的缺陷：①采用单螺杆挤出机时，对于从密炼室排出的大块胶料，其挤出成型制品质量好，但吃料能力差，需要增加旁压辊，增加结构复杂性；②采用普通双锥螺杆挤出机时，其吃料能力强，但挤出制品质量差，消耗功率大。归结起来，现有的设备和技术普遍存在着装置结构复杂，工艺程序不稳定，吃料能力差，消耗功率大，生产产品质量难以保证等缺点。
发明内容：
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术中单螺杆挤出机和双锥螺杆挤出机不能连续吃料或不能稳定挤出成型的缺点，进一步完善高聚物共混物混炼成型的装备和方法，同时也为传统下落式排胶的密炼机提供更加优化的下辅机技术支持，使密炼机下辅机系统能直接应用于轮胎等橡胶、塑料制品的成型或半成型生产，或在挤出口型处，使用滚筒机头，还可以直接用于橡塑产品的压片生产，从而简化工艺，降低生产成本及能耗。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供的高聚物连续挤出成型装置主体是一种异化型双锥螺杆挤出机，即双锥螺杆挤出机与单螺杆挤出机异化为一体的结构特征，包括主螺杆、副螺杆、传动支撑部分或机座、加料部分(包括加料口)、混合挤出段、单螺杆挤出部分、机头部分；双螺杆挤出部分包括锥形主螺杆和副螺杆两根螺杆，主螺杆长于副螺杆，主螺杆与副螺杆轴线相交，主螺杆在两螺杆轴线交点之后继续延伸长度；主螺杆和副螺杆的螺棱旋向相反或相同；主螺杆螺棱段由两段组成，前半段为锥形螺杆段，长度为L1，螺棱外径和小径由大端向小端呈锥形收缩，锥角为β1，其大端和小端的螺棱深度和螺距相等或不相等；后半段为圆柱螺杆或小锥角螺杆，可根据不同的使用要求，设计相对应的主螺纹或副螺纹螺棱结构，作为挤出成型段；副螺杆只有锥形螺杆段，锥角β2及螺棱段长度L2与主螺杆的前半段相同，螺棱旋向与主螺杆相反或相同并与主螺杆前半段配合使用，形成传统的双锥螺杆挤出机型，完成吃料、进料功能；主螺杆后半段是圆柱单螺杆段，形似单螺杆挤出机，其螺棱继续延伸长度，完成连续稳定挤出成型的功能。
本发明依据主螺杆、副螺杆的形状和不同段的功能，以主、副螺杆为核心，其外机体包括传动支撑部分或机座、加料部分、混合挤出段、单螺杆挤出段和机头部分；传动支撑部分为轴系结构，包括常规的径向轴承、推力轴承、联轴器以及一对速比锥齿轮传动，其与传统的双锥螺杆挤出机的支撑方式相似；加料部分内部形状与主、副螺杆前半部分锥形外形相适应，主、副螺杆轴与加料部分内壁之间为间隙配合，贯穿内外壁，加料部分上开设有加料口，加料口的尺寸根据主、副螺杆大端锥形段螺杆螺距和相对应的上游机台的排料口的大小确定；在加料口外的其他部位可根据实际需要开设加热冷却水槽，以满足橡胶、塑料等高聚物加工工艺的要求；加料部分通过法兰或凸缘，利用螺栓或螺钉与传动支撑部分或机座以及混合挤出段相固联；混合挤出段包容主、副螺杆的锥形挤出段的中段到小端，其内、外部形状的设计依据与加料部分相同；混合挤出段在加料部分和单螺杆挤出段之间起到承上启下的桥梁作用，其通过法兰或凸缘，利用螺栓或螺钉与加料部分以及单螺杆挤出段相固联；单螺杆挤出段包容了主螺杆的圆柱单螺杆段，形成实际意义上的单螺杆挤出生产段，其内外结构形状的设计依据与普通单螺杆挤出机的挤出段机筒的设计相同，包括衬套、加热冷却水槽等；机头部分是普通的单螺杆挤出机头，根据对不同产品截面形状的要求，设计出不同的流道和口型，机头通过法兰或凸缘，利用活结螺栓与单螺杆挤出段相固联。
本发明综合了双锥螺杆挤出机和单螺杆挤出机的结构的双重优点，吃料能力强，可以更好地完成对胶料的连续挤出成型加工，其实施时，主、副螺杆由传动支撑部分正常驱动，大块混炼胶通过加料口进入装置，由主、副螺杆上的大端螺棱段将胶料吃入挤出机中，通过混合挤出段的双螺杆共同挤出，胶料被挤入单螺杆挤出段，由主螺杆的单螺杆段对胶料继续塑化压缩或补充混炼，最终将胶料通过机头口型挤出，实现大块橡胶混炼后的挤出成型一体化，减少中间环节，在实现自动化生产的同时减轻工人的劳动强度，降低生产成本，提高生产效率。
附图说明：
下面结合附图并通过实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明。
图1为本发明的总体结构原理示意图。
图2为本发明的主、副螺杆位置结构原理示意图。
具体实施方式：
本实施例涉及的异化型双锥螺杆挤出机的主体结构包括主螺杆1、副螺杆2、传动支撑部分或机座3、加料部分4、混合挤出段5、单螺杆挤出段6、机头7和加料口8。主螺杆1左旋，前半段为锥形段，长度为L1，锥角为β1，后半段为圆柱螺杆段；副螺杆2右旋，锥形段长度为L2，锥角为β2，L1＝L2＝10～200cm，β1＝β2＝4°～20°。传动支撑部分或机座3通过联轴器与电机相联，其整体轴系结构的支撑方式与传统双锥螺杆挤出机相同；加料部分4与主、副螺杆的大端螺棱段相配合，开设有加料口8；混合挤出段5在加料部分4和单螺杆挤出段6之间起到承上启下的桥梁作用，包容了主、副螺杆的锥形挤出段的中段到小端；单螺杆挤出段6只包容了主螺杆的圆柱单螺杆段，形成实际意义上的单螺杆挤出生产段，其内外结构形状的设计依据与普通单螺杆挤出机的挤出段机筒的设计相同；机头7采用普通的单螺杆挤出机头，根据对不同产品截面形状的要求，可以设计出不同的流道和口型；机头7通过法兰或凸缘，利用活结螺栓与单螺杆挤出段6相固联；加料部分4、混合挤出段5、单螺杆挤出段6和机头7都设有加热冷却水槽，根据需要主螺杆1、副螺杆2也可设计成空心轴结构，通入循环水，实现对胶料的温度控制。
本实施例的操作过程和运行方法是：由电机驱动传动支撑部分或机座3，使主螺杆1和副螺杆2等速相对回转，大块或不规则形状的混炼胶由加料口8，在主螺杆1和副螺杆2的挤压推动下，把胶料拉入挤出机内，进入异化双锥螺杆挤出机的加料部分4和混合挤出段5，当胶料完成在双锥螺杆段的挤压运动后，由加料部分4和混合挤出段5的双锥螺杆流道进入主螺杆的单螺杆挤出段6，即单螺杆挤出流道，进而形成稳定的挤出压力并起到补充混炼的作用，最后通过机头7挤出成型；根据对不同产品截面形状的要求，在机头7上设置不同的流道和口型，同时调整挤出机螺杆的转速，控制挤出速度可以实现连续的挤出成型。
本实施例对橡胶材料进行实验挤出，其效果完全达到了本发明的目的，实现了大块橡胶混炼后的挤出和成型一体化，节省了不少生产环节，从而在实现自动化生产的基础上节省人力和财力，其生产效率比现有技术设备提高30％以上，降低了生产成本，且产品质量优于现有技术。
Claims (3)
1.一种异化型双锥螺杆挤出成型装置，其特征在于主体结构包括主螺杆、副螺杆、传动支撑部分或机座、混合挤出段、加料部分、单螺杆挤出部分、机头和加料口；单螺杆挤出部分包括锥形主螺杆和副螺杆两根螺杆，主螺杆长于副螺杆短，主螺杆与副螺杆轴线相交，主螺杆在两螺杆轴线交点之后继续延伸长度；主螺杆和副螺杆的螺棱旋向相反或相同；主螺杆螺棱段由两段组成，前半段为锥形螺杆段，螺棱外径和小径由大端向小端呈锥形收缩，其大端和小端的螺棱深度和螺距相等或不相等；后半段为圆柱螺杆或小锥角螺杆，根据不同的使用要求设计相对应的主螺纹或副螺纹螺棱结构，作为挤出成型段；副螺杆设有锥形螺杆段，锥角及螺棱段长度与主螺杆的前半段相同，螺棱旋向相反或相同并与主螺杆前半段配合使用，形成传统的双锥螺杆挤出机型，完成吃料、进料功能；主螺杆后半段是圆柱单螺杆段，形如单螺杆挤出机，其螺棱继续延伸长度，完成连续稳定挤出成型的功能。
2.根据权利要求1所述的异化型双锥螺杆挤出成型装置，其特征在于传动支撑部分为轴系结构，包括径向轴承、推力轴承、联轴器及一对速比锥齿轮传动，与传统的双锥螺杆挤出机的支撑方式相同；加料部分内部形状与主、副螺杆前半部分锥形外形相适应，主、副螺杆轴与加料部分内壁之间为间隙配合，贯穿内外壁，加料部分上开设有加料口，加料口的尺寸根据主、副螺杆大端锥形段螺杆螺距和相对应的上游机台的排料口的大小确定；在加料口外的其他部位开设加热冷却水槽，加料部分通过法兰或凸缘，利用螺栓或螺钉与传动支撑部分或机座以及混合挤出段相固联；混合挤出段包容主、副螺杆的锥形挤出段的中段到小端，其内、外部形状的设计依据与加料部分相同；混合挤出段在加料部分和单螺杆挤出段之间起到承上启下的桥梁作用，通过法兰或凸缘，利用螺栓或螺钉与加料部分以及单螺杆挤出段相固联；单螺杆挤出段包容了主螺杆的圆柱单螺杆段，形成单螺杆挤出生产段，其内外结构形状的设计依据与普通单螺杆挤出机的挤出段机筒的设计相同；机头是普通的单螺杆挤出机头，根据对不同产品截面形状的要求，设计出不同的流道和口型，机头通过法兰或凸缘，利用活结螺栓与单螺杆挤出段相固联。
3.根据权利要求1所述的异化型双锥螺杆挤出成型装置，其特征在于加料部分、混合挤出段、单螺杆挤出段和机头都设有加热冷却水槽，或设制成空心轴通入循环水，实现对胶料的温度控制。
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| CN107685436A (zh) * | 2017-11-03 | 2018-02-13 | 许梦艳 | 一种超高分子量聚乙烯塑化螺杆挤出机 |
| CN108688124A (zh) * | 2018-06-28 | 2018-10-23 | 桂林市君威机电科技有限公司 | 一种新型双螺杆橡胶过滤挤出机 |
| CN109531965A (zh) * | 2018-12-28 | 2019-03-29 | 张家港市兰航机械有限公司 | 双锥螺杆挤出机 |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US10961062B2 (en) | 2016-06-21 | 2021-03-30 | Golden Renewable Energy, LLC | Bag press feeder assembly |
| US11542434B2 (en) | 2016-06-21 | 2023-01-03 | Golden Renewable Energy, LLC | Char separator and method |
| US11773330B2 (en) | 2016-07-05 | 2023-10-03 | Braven Environmental, Llc | System and process for converting waste plastic into fuel |
| CN107685436A (zh) * | 2017-11-03 | 2018-02-13 | 许梦艳 | 一种超高分子量聚乙烯塑化螺杆挤出机 |
| CN107685436B (zh) * | 2017-11-03 | 2019-09-10 | 许梦艳 | 一种超高分子量聚乙烯塑化螺杆挤出机 |
| CN108688124A (zh) * | 2018-06-28 | 2018-10-23 | 桂林市君威机电科技有限公司 | 一种新型双螺杆橡胶过滤挤出机 |
| CN109531965A (zh) * | 2018-12-28 | 2019-03-29 | 张家港市兰航机械有限公司 | 双锥螺杆挤出机 |
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