CN201841655U - 三角形排列的锥形三螺杆挤出机 - Google Patents

三角形排列的锥形三螺杆挤出机 Download PDF

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CN201841655U
CN201841655U CN2009202189633U CN200920218963U CN201841655U CN 201841655 U CN201841655 U CN 201841655U CN 2009202189633 U CN2009202189633 U CN 2009202189633U CN 200920218963 U CN200920218963 U CN 200920218963U CN 201841655 U CN201841655 U CN 201841655U
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screw
conical
screw rod
screws
extruder
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王克俭
郭冰
吴大鸣
陈卫红
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Beijing University of Chemical Technology
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/34—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/38—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
    • B29B7/46—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft
    • B29B7/48—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws
    • B29B7/488—Parts, e.g. casings, sealings; Accessories, e.g. flow controlling or throttling devices
    • B29B7/489—Screws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/34—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/38—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
    • B29B7/46—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft
    • B29B7/48—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws
    • B29B7/484—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws with two shafts provided with screws, e.g. one screw being shorter than the other
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/34—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/38—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
    • B29B7/46—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft
    • B29B7/48—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws
    • B29B7/485—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws with three or more shafts provided with screws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/395—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
    • B29C48/40—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders
    • B29C48/41—Intermeshing counter-rotating screws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/395—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
    • B29C48/40—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders
    • B29C48/425—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders using three or more screws
    • B29C48/43—Ring extruders

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

本实用新型三角形排列的锥形三螺杆挤出机由口模(1)，机筒(2)，三根锥形螺杆(3)，加料斗(4)，减速箱(5)，电机(6)组成。经减速箱，电机把旋转运动传递到三根螺杆上。三根螺杆(7，9，11)均为锥形螺杆，且中心线为三角形排列。三螺杆均为主动，构成三三个捏合区(8，10，12)。本实用新型集中了三角形排列平行三螺杆挤出机与锥形双螺杆挤出机的优点，作为塑料、橡胶、推进剂等聚合物及其他物料的加工，混合设备，提高了输送、混合和塑炼能力。

Description

三角形排列的锥形三螺杆挤出机 
技术领域
本发明涉及一种一字形排列锥形三螺杆挤出机，可用于塑料、橡胶、合成纤维、涂料、纸浆、制药、饲料、食品、炸药等加工中的混合、挤出、成型、反应等工艺过程。该机既可用于实验也能直接用于生产。 
背景技术
挤出机的加工原理是：将物料供入一具有加温、搅拌与前进输送的螺杆装置，其螺杆在旋进时，除将物料连续旋入螺牙槽，作连续的向前输送之外，主要是物料在于螺槽的内侧，因受温逐渐热融，并在螺槽内经均匀的翻动与搅拌，而完成混练后，供给并经过位于输料末端的模具处，依模具所定的形状挤出成长条形成品。而在现有的挤出机主要的结构形式的区分上，主要是有单螺杆、双螺杆和多螺杆三大类。 
单螺杆挤出机密炼功能很弱，主要靠物料与螺杆和机筒磨擦、挤压和高温受热及螺旋挤压进行塑化，一般转速和温度高，耗电量较高；会产生相当高的背压，因此出料的品质不易控制，产量相对的降低。 
随着聚合物加工业的发展，对成型和混合工艺提出了越来越高的要求，单螺杆挤出机由于本身结构的固有缺陷(结构简单导致流场简单，从而混合能力不足)已不能满足这些工艺要求，主要表现在：(A)填充改性时填充量小，难以混合良好；(B)玻纤增强改性中，玻纤加入困难，混合效果差；(C)对硬聚氯乙烯粉料等物料加工性不好等。而双 螺杆挤出机则能较好的满足以上几方面的工艺要求。双螺杆挤出机中，两螺杆凸列螺牙呈相互交错间列对置，对置形成“C型”腔室内，物料受到剪切、摩擦和加热、揉搓而增强混合塑化效果；物料正向输送能力大，产量高；一般无须太高加热，可省能源，出料速度高；两根螺杆相互啮合，自洁效果好，减少了物料的分解碳化现象，因而得到普遍的应用。 
双螺杆挤出机有平行双螺杆挤出机与锥形双螺杆挤出机之分。相较前者，后者的螺杆外径的外锥角和螺槽根径的内锥角大小不同；螺杆大、小端直径之比大于1；螺槽深度沿螺杆全长渐变。与平行啮合异向双螺杆挤出机相比，锥形双螺杆的结构特点决定了它不但具有封闭的螺槽腔、物料的强制输送、物料停留时间分布窄、自洁性好，还有如下独特的优点： 
螺杆尾部直径增大，加料量增大，以提高挤出机挤出产量。螺杆尾部直径增大也增大了螺杆的承载能力，齿轮和轴承使用寿命长，有利于布置止推轴承和齿轮；加料段螺槽容积大，易加入较大体积的松密度粉料，也有利于热传导，更易实现对物料加热或冷却；排料段螺杆直径小，圆周速度较小，产生的剪切较低，摩擦热也较小，热损伤的危险性小；螺槽容积沿挤出方向逐渐减小，物料逐渐得到压缩，从而使螺槽更快充满物料，保证物料连续平缓地塑化；在同样的生产能力下，背压可较低。 
传统锥形双螺杆是异向的，专利200510118915.3发明了同方向旋转的锥形双螺杆挤出机。被加工的物料在机筒中环绕双锥形螺杆成8字形挤压，增加了塑化时间和密炼性能，从而保证了产品的塑化质量。 使该发明既有良好的挤出力又有良好的塑化性，适用塑料加工中的挤出和造粒，提高了产量，降低能耗，是一种适合多种物料加工的新颖挤出机。但是，两根螺杆依然只能形成一个捏合区。随着聚合物共混和复合改性的飞速发展，对加工中各组分的细化、分散混合效果的要求越来越高，相应地要求有更好的塑炼设备，以实现高质、高效、低能耗的目标。 
专利CN01207223.0在平行双螺杆挤出机的基础上开发出三角形排列的平行三螺杆挤出机，三根螺杆平行排列，形成三个捏合区和一个中心区。相对两螺杆挤出机，三螺杆挤出机具有摩擦剪切和多个啮合区的正位移输送特性，物料与螺杆有更大的接触面积。混合充分、热传递性好、熔融能力大、排气能力优良以及温度控制更好，且具有更低的能耗。 
若三根螺杆为锥形，则发展成为锥形三螺杆挤出机，三根螺杆的旋转可以进行同向和异向组合。这样，可以集合平行三螺杆挤出机和锥形挤出机的多个优点，从而进一步提高加工质量和效率，降低能耗，并扩展形成新的工艺用途。这正是本专利的构思。 
实用新型内容
本发明集中了锥形双螺杆挤出机与三角形排列平行三螺杆挤出机两者的优点。 
本发明中，三根螺杆(图1中7，9，11三根螺杆)呈三角形排列，三根螺杆的中心在同一剖面上位于三角形的三个顶点上(图1中三角形)；三根螺杆全部为锥形螺杆，由图2可看出中心距由小端向大端逐 渐变大；图1的阴影部分表示啮合区，三根螺杆两两啮合形成了三个啮合区(图1中的8，10，12)，相当于三对双螺杆的作用。 
啮合区的成倍增加，使物料在螺杆中的塑炼，均化，剪切的次数成倍增加，有效地提高了设备的塑炼，熔融，分散性能，改善了塑炼质量，缩短了加工时间，符合节能减排的要求。三轴线的中心距由小端向大端逐渐变大，使得传动齿轮箱三输出轴有较大的中心距，这为传动系统中的齿轮和齿轮轴以及支承这些齿轮轴的径向轴承和推力轴承留有较大的安装空间，这点三角形排列平行三螺杆挤出机是无法比拟的。而且加料段直径大，螺槽容积大，易加入较大体积的松密度粉料；螺槽容积沿挤出方向逐渐减小，物料逐渐得到压缩，从而使螺槽更快充满物料，保证物料连续平缓地塑化；排料段螺杆直径小，在同样压力和摩擦阻力下，螺杆承受的扭矩小；在同样的生产能力下，背压较低。 
三角形排列锥形螺杆挤出机包括螺杆、料筒、电机和机架等(图2)，三种螺杆可以有三种放置组合(图7-9)，四种旋转方向组合(图3-6)。图10给出了其中一种挤出机螺杆组合的三维示意图。 
附图说明
图1为三角形排列锥形螺杆挤出机螺杆的捏合示意图 
图2为三角形排列锥形螺杆挤出机的总体结构示意图 
图3-6为挤出机的三根螺杆四种旋转方向组合示意图 
图7-9为挤出机中螺杆的三种放置组合示意图 
图10为挤出机的一种螺杆组合三维示意图 
具体实施方式
在电机6驱动下，经过减速箱5的减速和传动分配，三根螺杆7，9，11分别独立旋转运动。三根螺杆(7，9，11)均为锥形螺杆，且中心线为三角形排列(图1)，三轴线的中心距由小端向大端逐渐变大，使得传动齿轮箱三输出轴有较大的中心距，这为传动系统中的齿轮和齿轮轴以及支承这些齿轮轴的径向轴承和推力轴承留有较大的安装空间。三螺杆构成三个捏合区(8，10，12)。啮合区的成倍增加，使物料在螺杆中的塑炼，均化，剪切的次数成倍增加，有效地提高了设备的塑炼，熔融，分散性能，改善了塑炼质量，缩短了加工时间，符合节能减排的要求。由加料口4加入物料，在螺杆的剪切，和机筒2上温控系统的加热作用下，由机头挤出。 

Claims (3)

1.三角形排列的锥形三螺杆挤出机包括口模、机筒、三根锥形螺杆、加料斗、减速箱、电机，其特征在于：三根螺杆均为锥形螺杆，中心线三角形排列，三根锥形螺杆形成了三个捏合区。
2.按照权利要求1所述的三角形排列的锥形三螺杆挤出机，其特征在于：三根螺杆中心线呈三角形排列，即在同一剖面上，三根螺杆的中心位于三角形的三个顶点上，根据三角形的不同放置，具有3种螺杆放置方式。
3.按照权利要求1所述三角形排列的锥形三螺杆挤出机，其特征在于：每两个相邻螺杆各形成一个捏合区，三根锥形螺杆形成了三个捏合区。 
CN2009202189633U 2009-12-10 2009-12-10 三角形排列的锥形三螺杆挤出机 Expired - Fee Related CN201841655U (zh)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102853060A (zh) * 2012-09-07 2013-01-02 石家庄德倍隆科技有限公司 锥形三螺杆挤出机的动力分配机构
WO2023046082A1 (zh) * 2021-09-24 2023-03-30 华南理工大学 双向协同的三螺杆强化塑化混炼挤出方法及设备

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102853060A (zh) * 2012-09-07 2013-01-02 石家庄德倍隆科技有限公司 锥形三螺杆挤出机的动力分配机构
WO2023046082A1 (zh) * 2021-09-24 2023-03-30 华南理工大学 双向协同的三螺杆强化塑化混炼挤出方法及设备

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