CN101517205B - 尤其是用于过滤内燃机的废气的过滤元件 - Google Patents

尤其是用于过滤内燃机的废气的过滤元件 Download PDF

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CN101517205B
CN101517205B CN2007800346328A CN200780034632A CN101517205B CN 101517205 B CN101517205 B CN 101517205B CN 2007800346328 A CN2007800346328 A CN 2007800346328A CN 200780034632 A CN200780034632 A CN 200780034632A CN 101517205 B CN101517205 B CN 101517205B
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filter element
section
filter
contact pin
filtration
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CN101517205A (zh
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R·米勒
T·小森
L·蒂纳
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种过滤元件(18)，尤其是用于过滤内燃机(10)的废气，该过滤元件具有彼此平行的流动通道(28，30)，其中，设置有至少两个过滤区段(36～42，60～62)，这些过滤区段各具有流动通道(28，30)的一个分量，其中，这些过滤区段(36～42，60～62)彼此间具有距离(52)并且通过与这些过滤区段(36～42，60～62)构造成一体的连接装置(48)彼此相连接。

Description

尤其是用于过滤内燃机的废气的过滤元件
技术领域
本发明涉及一种过滤元件以及一种微粒过滤器和一种具有过滤元件的废气净化装置。另外，本发明还涉及一种用于制造过滤元件的方法。
背景技术
可通过挤出成形来制造这种过滤元件。在此，可通过挤出成形工具来压陶瓷材料，由此形成具有多个彼此平行地布置的流动通道的棱柱状体。在挤出成形过程之后是焙烧或烧结过程。
在公知过滤元件中不仅可使用堇青石而且可使用碳化硅。这两种材料之间的主要区别在于，堇青石的热膨胀显著低于碳化硅的热膨胀。出于该原因，用碳化硅制造的过滤元件不是制成“一体”，即作为单体制造，而是由多个过滤区段组成。每个过滤元件包括彼此平行的流动通道的一个分量。这些过滤区段构成子块(“积木”)，这些子块单独制造，然后通过陶瓷粘接材料组成一个过滤元件。
发明内容
本发明的任务在于，提供一种过滤元件，该过滤元件可尽可能简单地制造。
本发明所基于的任务在开头所述的过滤元件中这样来解决：过滤区段彼此间具有距离并且通过与过滤区段构造成一体的连接装置彼此相连接。
根据本发明的过滤元件可在仅一个挤出成形过程的范围内制造，而各个过滤区段不必事后通过单独的连接装置例如粘接剂彼此相连接。过滤区段彼此间隔开，由此提供空间，所述空间允许过滤区段在焙烧或烧结过程期间膨胀，而本身在此不经受高的内应力或者相邻的过滤区段在此不经历高的压应力。
过滤元件可在仅一个挤出成形过程中制造，由此，也仅须提供一个相应的挤出成形工具。而在公知过滤元件中或者必须提供对于对应的过滤区段专用的工具，或者横截面暂时相同的过滤区段在这些过滤区段彼此粘接之后必须通过磨削而在其轮廓方面被适配。这随着高的材料损失发生，该高的材料损失在根据本发明的过滤元件中可得到避免。
虽然该过滤元件的根据本发明的几何特征尤其是在至少按份额由碳化硅构成的过滤元件中是有利的，但在本发明的范围内存在：过滤区段也可至少按份额由堇青石构成，或也可由其它材料构成。
过滤区段可相互补充成一个总体上圆柱状的过滤元件。该过滤元件的直径例如可在10至18cm之间取值，尤其是5.66英寸。过滤区段的横截面积大小例如可处于400至1600平方毫米之间。
过滤元件具有至少两个过滤区段，但优选具有至少四个过滤区段。在此，在彼此相邻的过滤区段之间分别构造有中间空间，在制造该过滤元件期间或在该过滤元件工作期间被加热的过滤区段可膨胀到这些中间空间中。
过滤区段具有至少这样大的横截面，使得多个彼此平行的流动通道可被接收。但至少对于设置在中央的过滤区段而言，正方形或圆形的横截面是有利的，以便可实现过滤区段总体上均匀地分布在过滤元件的横截面上。
过滤区段之间的距离与一个过滤区段的横截面的尺寸相比可相对小，例如可在0.5至10mm之间、尤其是在1至5mm之间取值。距离应提供对于过滤区段足够大的膨胀空间，但另一方面尺寸不应确定得不必要地大，以便不过强地减小总体上供使用的过滤面。
彼此相邻的过滤区段可在仅一个区域中或通过多个连接装置彼此相连接。连接装置有利地构造成接片，所述接片相对于流动通道平行地延伸。这样的接片具有与彼此相邻的过滤区段之间的距离相应的宽度。相对于此横向地供使用的材料厚度可在0.5至10mm之间取值。但有利的是，接片的材料厚度比一个过滤区段的限定流动通道边界的过滤壁的壁厚度小。
为了进一步降低在过滤元件被加热期间产生的应力而提出，接片在中部区域中与在和过滤区段直接相邻的外部区域中相比具有较小的材料厚度。由此，接片可在其中部区域中以受限制的程度变形，而在此不超过允许的极限应力。为了给过滤区段提供良好的保护以免机械过载而提出，接片的弯曲断裂强度尤其是在所述接片的中部区域中至多取值为一个过滤区段的弯曲断裂强度的60％。
本发明的一个特别有利的实施形式提出，通过两个彼此相连接的过滤区段之间的距离形成的中间空间至少区段地填充有填充材料。通过填充材料可提高彼此相连接的过滤区段的机械稳定性，由此提高过滤元件的机械稳定性。作为填充材料例如可使用陶瓷粉末、无机粘合剂和/或陶瓷纤维。填充材料不必在相对于流动通道平行的方向上完全填充在过滤区段之间形成的中间空间。但优选的是，至少流动通道的长度的20％被填充。
附图说明
从后面的附图及其说明和权利要求书中可获知本发明的其它优点和有利构型。附图及其说明和权利要求书中所描述的全部特征不仅可以单独地而且可以彼此间任意组合地成为本发明实质。附图表示：
图1一个内燃机的示意性视图，带有废气净化装置和过滤元件；
图2传统过滤元件的纵剖面；
图3根据第一实施形式的具有通过接片相连接的过滤区段的本发明过滤元件的横剖面；
图4放大地示出的接片的横剖面；
图5具有被填充的中间空间的根据图3的过滤元件的横剖面；
图6根据图5的过滤元件的纵剖面；以及
图7根据第二实施形式的本发明过滤元件的横剖面。
具体实施方式
在图1中，内燃机带有参考标号10。废气经由排气管12被引到一个废气净化装置14。该废气净化装置包括一个微粒过滤器16，炭黑微粒通过该微粒过滤器从在排气管12中流动的废气中过滤掉。这尤其是在柴油内燃机中是必需的，以便遵守法规。
微粒过滤器16包括一个总体上基本上为圆柱状的过滤元件18。
图2中示出了一个由现有技术公知的过滤元件18的纵剖面。该过滤元件在箭头20的方向上被内燃机10的废气流过。用于待过滤的废气的入口面在图2中带有参考标号22，用于被过滤的废气的出口面带有参考标号24。
多个流动通道28和30相对于过滤元件18的纵向轴线26平行地延伸。流动通道28在入口面22上敞开并且在出口面24上闭合。与此相反，流动通道30在出口面24上敞开并且在入口面22的区域中闭合。
因此，未被净化的废气的流动路径通到流动通道28之一中并且从那里通过过滤壁32通到流动通道30之一中。这示范性地通过箭头34来表示。
在图3中，根据本发明的过滤元件总体上用参考标号18标记。该过滤元件总体上具有一些过滤区段，在图3中，这些过滤区段中的四个过滤区段用参考标号36至42标记。这些过滤区段由区段边界44限定边界。彼此相邻的过滤区段的、例如过滤区段38和40的区段边界彼此间隔开，由此，在该区域中形成中间空间46。该中间空间46被接片状的连接装置48跨接，所述连接装置使过滤区段彼此相连接。
在图3中所示的实施形式中，设置在中央的过滤区段36的横截面是正方形。该过滤区段优选具有大小为400至1600平方毫米的横截面积。各个过滤区段彼此间具有例如0.5至10mm的距离52。
图4中详细地示出了一个接片状的连接装置48及其与彼此相邻的过滤区段40和42的区段边界44的连接。连接装置48具有一个中部区域54，该中部区域与在侧面紧接的外部区域56相比具有较小的材料厚度，这些外部区域直接与区段边界44相邻地设置。在图4中所示的实施例中，中部区域54中的较小的材料厚度通过彼此对置的沟状的缺口来产生。
图5中示出了过滤元件18，中间空间46填充有填充材料58。参照图6，填充材料58不是沿着流动通道28或30的整个长度延伸，而是仅分别在一个与入口面22或出口面24相邻的区域中延伸。
图7示出了根据本发明的过滤元件18的另一个实施形式。在该过滤元件中设置有一个设置在中央的、横截面为圆形的过滤区段60，该过滤区段被多个过滤区段62包围。过滤区段62呈扇形彼此组装在一起并且形成一个包围中央的过滤区段60的环。各个过滤区段60、62中的每两个又通过与这些过滤区段构造成一体的连接装置48彼此相连接。
该过滤元件18的直径64例如可取值为5.66英寸。

Claims (28)

1.过滤元件(18)，该过滤元件具有彼此平行的流动通道，其中，设置有至少两个过滤区段(36～42，60～62)，这些过滤区段各具有流动通道(28，30)的一个分量，其特征在于：这些过滤区段(36～42，60～62)彼此间具有距离(52)并且通过与这些过滤区段(36～42，60～62)构造成一体的连接装置(48)彼此相连接，在彼此相邻的过滤区段(36～42，60～62)之间设置有多个连接装置(48)，所述连接装置(48)构造成相对于这些流动通道(28，30)平行地延伸的接片，这些接片跨接彼此相邻的过滤区段的区段边界之间的中间空间(46)。
2.根据权利要求1的过滤元件(18)，其特征在于：这些过滤区段(36～42，60～62)至少按份额由碳化硅构成。
3.根据权利要求1或2的过滤元件(18)，其特征在于：这些过滤区段(36～42，60～62)至少按份额由堇青石构成。
4.根据权利要求1或2的过滤元件(18)，其特征在于：这些过滤区段(36～42，60～62)相互补充成一个总体上圆柱状的过滤元件(18)。
5.根据权利要求1或2的过滤元件(18)，其特征在于：这些过滤区段(36～42，60～62)的横截面积大小处于400至1600平方毫米之间。
6.根据权利要求1或2的过滤元件(18)，其特征在于：该过滤元件(18)具有至少四个过滤区段(36～42，60～62)。
7.根据权利要求1或2的过滤元件(18)，其特征在于：至少一个设置在中央的过滤区段(36)的横截面是正方形。
8.根据权利要求1或2的过滤元件(18)，其特征在于：至少一个设置在中央的过滤区段(60)的横截面是圆形。
9.根据权利要求4的过滤元件(18)，其特征在于：至少沿着该过滤元件(18)的圆周设置的过滤区段(62)至少区段地是扇形。
10.根据权利要求1或2的过滤元件(18)，其特征在于：这些流动通道(28，30)的孔密度在80至350cpsi之间取值。
11.根据权利要求1或2的过滤元件(18)，其特征在于：彼此相邻的过滤区段(36～42，60～62)之间的距离(52)在0.5至10mm之间取值。
12.根据权利要求1或2的过滤元件(18)，其特征在于：所述接片具有0.5至10mm之间的材料厚度。
13.根据权利要求1或2的过滤元件(18)，其特征在于：所述接片的材料厚度比一个过滤区段的限定流动通道(28，30)边界的过滤壁(32)的壁厚度小。
14.根据权利要求1或2的过滤元件(18)，其特征在于：所述接片在中部区域(54)中与在和这些过滤区段(36～42，60～62)直接相邻的外部区域(56)中相比具有较小的材料厚度。
15.根据权利要求1或2的过滤元件(18)，其特征在于：所述接片的弯曲断裂强度至多取值为一个过滤区段(36～42，60～62)的弯曲断裂强度的60％。
16.根据权利要求1或2的过滤元件(18)，其特征在于：通过两个彼此相连接的过滤区段(36～42，60～62)之间的距离(52)形成的中间空间(46)至少区段地填充有填充材料(58)。
17.根据权利要求16的过滤元件(18)，其特征在于：所述中间空间(46)在相对于这些流动通道(28，30)平行的方向上至少被填充到这些流动通道(28，30)的长度的20％。
18.根据权利要求16的过滤元件(18)，其特征在于：该填充材料(58)具有下列成分至少之一：陶瓷粉末；无机粘合剂；陶瓷纤维。
19.根据权利要求1或2的过滤元件(18)，其特征在于：所述过滤元件(18)用于过滤内燃机(10)的废气。
20.根据权利要求11的过滤元件(18)，其特征在于：所述距离(52)在1至5mm之间。
21.根据权利要求15的过滤元件(18)，其特征在于：所述接片的弯曲断裂强度在所述接片的中部区域(54)中至多取值为一个过滤区段(36～42，60～62)的弯曲断裂强度的60％。
22.根据权利要求18的过滤元件(18)，其特征在于：所述陶瓷粉末是二氧化硅，氧化铝。
23.根据权利要求18的过滤元件(18)，其特征在于：所述无机粘合剂是二氧化硅溶胶，氧化铝溶胶。
24.根据权利要求18的过滤元件(18)，其特征在于：所述陶瓷纤维是莫来石纤维，氧化铝纤维。
25.微粒过滤器(16)，具有根据上述权利要求之一的过滤元件(18)。
26.废气净化装置(14)，其具有根据权利要求1至24之一的过滤元件(18)。
27.根据权利要求26的废气净化装置(14)，其特征在于：所述废气净化装置(14)具有微粒过滤器(16)。
28.用于制造根据权利要求1至24之一的过滤元件(18)的方法，其中，使分别具有该过滤元件(18)的流动通道(28，30)的一个分量的不同过滤区段(36～42，60～62)通过连接装置(48)彼此相连接，其特征在于：将这些过滤区段(36～42，60～62)和所述连接装置(48)彼此一体地挤出成形。
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