CN101511454B - 将中空纤维结合成束的方法和用该方法制造的中空纤维束 - Google Patents

将中空纤维结合成束的方法和用该方法制造的中空纤维束 Download PDF

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CN101511454B
CN101511454B CN2007800318879A CN200780031887A CN101511454B CN 101511454 B CN101511454 B CN 101511454B CN 2007800318879 A CN2007800318879 A CN 2007800318879A CN 200780031887 A CN200780031887 A CN 200780031887A CN 101511454 B CN101511454 B CN 101511454B
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约恩·赫尔曼
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Abstract

本发明涉及将中空纤维结合成束的方法，其中，在将连续制成的中空纤维分批收集到卷取装置上之后，用缠绕膜缠绕合并成束的中空纤维，随后进行焊接。这类中空纤维是制造血液透析用透析器过程中的中间产品。

Description

将中空纤维结合成束的方法和用该方法制造的中空纤维束
技术领域
本发明涉及将纤维或者还有丝、特别是温度敏感性中空纤维结合成束的方法。
背景技术
中空纤维可用作膜，即用作中空纤维膜，以用于实施膜分离方法。因此，这类中空纤维也称作膜纤维。中空纤维膜尤其用于医学工程。然而，各种其它的应用领域也是已知的。
中空纤维束用于医学工程，例如，用于制造体外血液处理方法如血液透析、血液滤过和血液透析滤过的过滤器。根据现有技术，用于透析的中空纤维膜通过连续操作中空纤维纺丝机来制造。连续地从中空纤维纺丝机出来的中空纤维通常被分批地缠绕至例如缓慢旋转的卷取齿轮上。然而，用于卷绕中空纤维的其它卷取装置也是已知的，例如带有固定的绕卷芯轴的卷取装置。所述卷取齿轮具有均匀分布在其周边上的绕卷芯轴，而中空纤维位于绕卷芯轴上。因此，中空纤维在绕卷芯轴之间自由地张紧。选择绕卷芯轴之间的间距，使得在每两个独立的绕卷芯轴之间形成中空纤维束。这些中空纤维束利用塑料缠绕薄膜手工缠绕来使中空纤维束具有圆形横截面，该圆形横截面具有预定的规定直径。所述缠绕膜围绕中空纤维束，以使所述缠绕膜搭接。然后在搭接区用胶带手工固定缠绕膜。用该方式固定中空纤维束之后，立即用切割装置按所需长度手动切断该中空纤维束。最后，将中空纤维束导入圆柱形过滤筒中。在导入中空纤维束后，从中空纤维束扯下缠绕膜并将其处理掉。例如，在US-A-4,276,687中记载了这种类型的制造方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的是通过缠绕膜将中空纤维自动结合成束。本发明的另一目的是防止在自动固定所述缠绕膜期间损坏敏感的中空纤维。
该目的是通过根据权利要求1的方法根据本发明来实现的。该方法由下述步骤组成：
-将连续制造的中空纤维分批接纳到卷取装置上；
-用缠绕膜缠绕在所述卷取装置的两个绕卷芯轴之间张紧的合并成束状的所述各中空纤维，使得在缠绕膜缠绕过程中直接位于中空纤维束上的缠绕膜边缘朝所述中空纤维束向内翻转(umgeschlagen)；以及
-焊接所述缠绕膜的搭接边缘区。
根据本发明，通过自动焊接方法、优选自动的热脉冲焊接方法代替胶带固定。
为防止在焊接区内，即在缠绕膜的搭接区内对极端敏感的中空纤维造成任何热损伤，根据本发明，将直接位于中空纤维上的缠绕膜边缘朝中空纤维束翻转。即使焊接工具的参数化不完全正确，即焊接工具设定不正确，通过这种简单的手段也可靠地防止缠绕膜内侧的熔化，而不增加任何实际成本。
本发明的优选方面得自从属于独立权利要求的从属权利要求。
因此，缠绕膜可在工艺自动化过程中通过将缠绕膜拉入缠绕装置之前引入的装置在其一个边缘区被折叠。然而，也可以使缠绕膜具有已经预先折叠的边缘。
缠绕膜的焊接可通过通常已知的塑料焊接方法、优选通过热脉冲焊接工具来进行。根据选用的缠绕膜材料和缠绕膜厚度，焊接时间可以在小于10秒的范围，在热脉冲焊接中，优选地，总计约0.3～0.5秒。然而，也可采用其它塑料焊接方法，例如持久加热工具或激光焊接法。
优选地，缠绕膜的搭接边缘区可以仅在相互隔开的点彼此焊接在一起。然而，也可以通过连续的焊缝或多个连续的焊缝段将缠绕膜的搭接边缘区彼此焊接在一起。
根据前述方法制造的中空纤维束也形成本发明的一部分。根据本发明，在导入外壳(例如透析器外壳)之前的中间生产步骤中，用缠绕膜缠绕中空纤维束，其中所述缠绕膜在其位于所述中空纤维束上的边缘区处朝所述中空纤维向内翻转。
附图说明
将参照附图所示的实施方案更加详细地阐述本发明的更多特征、细节和优点。附图中：
图1：制造中空纤维束中的方法步骤的示意图；
图2：与根据本发明方法的图1对应的图示；
图3：可用于本发明方法的焊接工具的示意图；以及
图4：中空纤维的立体图。
具体实施方式
在图1中，示出了穿过周围缠有缠绕膜12的经过卷取的膜纤维股10的截面。在缠绕过程中，通过缠绕形成的所述束被压缩至特定的堆积密度。而且，所述束被赋予规定的束直径，使得所述束成形为能够进入过滤器外壳，例如进入透析器外壳(未在此处详细示出)中。缠绕膜12对此起辅助作用。在将所述束导入透析器外壳后再将缠绕膜除去。在缠绕中空纤维束之后，必须固定缠绕膜。这根据本发明通过例如图3中所示的焊接工具14完成。在此处，焊接工具14是其中电导体被加热的热脉冲焊接工具。这种加热在非常短的时间内完成。焊接时间为约0.3至0.5秒。焊接区域以图3中的16表示。
利用热脉冲焊接工具焊接所述薄膜的困难之处在于，焊接工艺需正确地参数化。如果焊接工艺设定不正确，或者如果在以所述设定为基础的边界条件中出现偏差，则在例如图1所示的焊接过程中会发生各种问题。例如，缠绕膜的搭接区域可能因此焊接不牢。而且，如果焊接脉冲太强，则膜纤维也可能被一起焊接并附着于缠绕膜，从而使膜纤维在所述束成形进入透析器外壳时被扯掉。而且，膜纤维可能被热损伤，从而不再可能流通。最后，膜丝可能被熔化并不受控地固化。由于缠绕膜的熔化，在缠绕膜内侧还可能产生所谓的焊痂(weld noses)，因此，所述纤维在从缠绕膜拉出时可能勾在焊痂上，或者可能成圈。然而，由于缠绕过程也可能产生这些问题，例如在改变周期时间时。
在例如图2所示的方法顺序中，通过非常简单的措施避免了这些问题。此处，即缠绕膜的一侧在边缘处进行折叠，从而在该处形成折叠区18。该折叠区18形成中空纤维10和待焊接缠绕膜12之间的保护层。
由此产生下述优点。所述缠绕膜可以被安全地焊接。焊接装置的参数化不再至关重要。在图1所示的方法中，10℃的温差可能影响焊缝质量，也就是说，纤维可能被损伤，或者所述焊缝可能不具有所需的和期望的强度。
利用根据本发明的具有折叠区18的缠绕膜，焊接装置14的温度升高(例如50℃)也不会对结果有任何影响。在此，能量的引入不足以焊接额外的层。因此，所述纤维不被损伤。
由于折叠区18，也不产生焊痂。
因为能量的引入不再需要精确的计量，所以可以用更高的温度在更短的时间内进行焊接。而这意味着可以显著减少周期时间。
如果此时焊缝沿缠绕膜边缘延伸，就有两个膜层而非只有一个层保护中空纤维10。这种情况可能因为例如不正确的缠绕而发生。
图4示出了中空纤维束，其中所述中空纤维被缠绕膜12所缠绕。后者通过位于其边缘区的三条间隔的焊缝20焊接。

Claims (9)

1.一种将中空纤维结合成束的方法，由下述步骤组成：
-将连续制造的中空纤维分批接纳到缓慢转动的卷取装置上；
-用缠绕膜缠绕在所述卷取装置的两个绕卷芯轴之间张紧的合并成束状的所述各中空纤维，使得在所述缠绕膜缠绕过程中直接位于所述中空纤维束上的所述缠绕膜边缘朝所述中空纤维束向内翻转；以及
-焊接所述缠绕膜的搭接边缘区。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中通过将所述缠绕膜拉入缠绕装置之前引入的装置在所述缠绕膜的一个边缘区折叠所述缠绕膜。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中使所述缠绕膜具有已经预先折叠的边缘区。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其中所述缠绕膜的焊接通过热脉冲焊接工具来进行。
5.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其中焊接时间总计少于10秒。
6.根据权利要求4所述的方法，其中，焊接时间总计为0.3～0.5秒。
7.根据权利要求1～6中任一项所述的方法，其中所述缠绕膜的所述搭接边缘区仅在相互间隔的点彼此焊接在一起。
8.根据权利要求1～6中任一项所述的方法，其中所述缠绕膜的所述搭接边缘区通过连续的焊缝或多个连续的焊缝段彼此焊接在一起。
9.在根据权利要求1～8中任一项所述的方法中制造的一种中空纤维束，其中所述中空纤维束在被导入外壳之前的中间生产步骤中利用缠绕膜包裹，所述缠绕膜在其位于所述中空纤维束上的边缘区处朝所述中空纤维向内翻转。
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