CN101484301B - 制造用于航空和航天的纤维复合材料部件的方法 - Google Patents

制造用于航空和航天的纤维复合材料部件的方法 Download PDF

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CN101484301B
CN101484301B CN2007800249351A CN200780024935A CN101484301B CN 101484301 B CN101484301 B CN 101484301B CN 2007800249351 A CN2007800249351 A CN 2007800249351A CN 200780024935 A CN200780024935 A CN 200780024935A CN 101484301 B CN101484301 B CN 101484301B
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CN101484301A (zh
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皮埃尔·扎伦
托尔布·雅各布
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/40Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
    • B29C70/42Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C70/44Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using isostatic pressure, e.g. pressure difference-moulding, vacuum bag-moulding, autoclave-moulding or expanding rubber-moulding
    • B29C70/446Moulding structures having an axis of symmetry or at least one channel, e.g. tubular structures, frames
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C33/00Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C33/44Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor with means for, or specially constructed to facilitate, the removal of articles, e.g. of undercut articles
    • B29C33/448Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor with means for, or specially constructed to facilitate, the removal of articles, e.g. of undercut articles destructible
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C33/00Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C33/44Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor with means for, or specially constructed to facilitate, the removal of articles, e.g. of undercut articles
    • B29C33/48Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor with means for, or specially constructed to facilitate, the removal of articles, e.g. of undercut articles with means for collapsing or disassembling
    • B29C33/485Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor with means for, or specially constructed to facilitate, the removal of articles, e.g. of undercut articles with means for collapsing or disassembling cores or mandrels
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C33/00Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C33/44Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor with means for, or specially constructed to facilitate, the removal of articles, e.g. of undercut articles
    • B29C33/48Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor with means for, or specially constructed to facilitate, the removal of articles, e.g. of undercut articles with means for collapsing or disassembling
    • B29C33/50Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor with means for, or specially constructed to facilitate, the removal of articles, e.g. of undercut articles with means for collapsing or disassembling elastic or flexible
    • B29C33/505Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor with means for, or specially constructed to facilitate, the removal of articles, e.g. of undercut articles with means for collapsing or disassembling elastic or flexible cores or mandrels, e.g. inflatable
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C33/00Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C33/44Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor with means for, or specially constructed to facilitate, the removal of articles, e.g. of undercut articles
    • B29C33/52Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor with means for, or specially constructed to facilitate, the removal of articles, e.g. of undercut articles soluble or fusible
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/30Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/40Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
    • B29C70/42Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C70/44Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using isostatic pressure, e.g. pressure difference-moulding, vacuum bag-moulding, autoclave-moulding or expanding rubber-moulding
    • B29C70/443Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using isostatic pressure, e.g. pressure difference-moulding, vacuum bag-moulding, autoclave-moulding or expanding rubber-moulding and impregnating by vacuum or injection
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C43/00Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C43/32Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C43/36Moulds for making articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C43/3642Bags, bleeder sheets or cauls for isostatic pressing
    • B29C2043/3644Vacuum bags; Details thereof, e.g. fixing or clamping
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    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C43/00Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
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    • B29C43/36Moulds for making articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C2043/3665Moulds for making articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles cores or inserts, e.g. pins, mandrels, sliders
    • B29C2043/3668Moulds for making articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles cores or inserts, e.g. pins, mandrels, sliders destructible or fusible
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29L2031/00Other particular articles
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T50/00Aeronautics or air transport
    • Y02T50/40Weight reduction

Abstract

本发明涉及用于制造特别用于航天和航空的纤维复合材料部件(22)的一种方法和一种模芯,包括以下方法步骤:将弹性芯套管(1)引入到预应力机构(3);通过启动所述预应力机构(3)膨胀引入的所述芯套管(1),用于给所述芯套管(1)弹性地预加应力;通过所述膨胀的芯套管(1)的开口(4)引入芯体(13);通过停用所述预应力机构(3)释放所述膨胀的芯套管(1),用于使所述芯体(13)被所述芯套管(1)紧密地包围,并从而用于形成模芯(14);以及将至少一个纤维半成品(16)至少部分地放在形成的所述模芯(14)上,用于形成将被制造的所述纤维复合材料部件(22)。

Description

制造用于航空和航天的纤维复合材料部件的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于制造特别用于航空和航天的纤维复合材料部件的方法,涉及用于制造这种纤维复合材料部件的模芯,以及涉及具有至少一个纵梁(stringer)的、通过这种模芯(moulding core)和/或这种方法制造的纤维复合材料部件。 
虽然本发明可以应用于任何期望的纤维复合材料部件,但是却参照二维纵梁加固的碳纤维增强塑料(CRP)部件(例如,飞机的外壳)更加详细地说明本发明和本发明所基于的问题。 
背景技术
通常已知加固具有CPR纵梁的CPR外壳,以承受具有最小可能的额外重量的飞机部分内产生的载荷。在这方面,大致上画出了两种类型的纵梁即T形纵梁和Ω形纵梁的不同。 
T形纵梁的横截面由底座和杆组成。底座形成相对于外壳的连接表面。在飞机构造中普遍使用利用T形纵梁加固的外壳。 
Ω形纵梁具有略似于帽子状的横截面,且其端部连接到外壳。Ω形纵梁或者可以以固化状态黏附地连接到同样被固化的外壳,或者可以与外壳一样同时被预湿(wet-in-wet)地固化。后者是理想的,因为其从方法的技术方面来说更加有利。然而,对于预湿制造利用Ω形纵梁加固的外壳则需要支撑芯或模芯,以在制造过程期间以期望的Ω形状固定和支撑尺寸不稳定的纤维半成品。具有Ω形纵梁的外壳比T形纵梁具有优点是在于:在用于将基体(例如,环氧树脂)引入到纤维半成品中的注入过程期间,具有Ω形纵梁的外壳允许更好的渗透(infiltration)。注入方法比用于制造纤维复合材料部件的其它已知方法如预浸料坯方法的成本更低,因为注入方法允许使用低成本的纤维半成品。 
然而,制造Ω形纵梁的问题在于目前用于支撑芯或模芯的材料为成本 密集型,并且在形成Ω形纵梁之后仅仅将其移除都是困难的,因此,保留在纵梁内的材料对纤维复合材料部件的重量不利,并因此对飞机的重量不利。更进一步,问题是保留在纵梁内的材料对整个飞机的重量不利。 
发明内容
在这个背景下,本发明基于的目的是提供一种特别用于航空和航天的成本更低而又更轻的纤维复合材料部件。 
为实现上述目的,提供了一种用于制造特别用于航空和航天的纤维复合材料部件的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:将弹性芯套管引入到预应力机构内;膨胀引入的芯套管,用于通过启动预应力机构给所述芯套管弹性地预加应力;通过膨胀的芯套管的开口引入芯体;通过停用预应力机构而释放芯套管,用于使芯体被芯套管紧密地包围,并从而用于形成模芯;以及将至少一个纤维半成品至少部分地放到形成的模芯上,用于成型将被制造的纤维复合材料部件。 
本发明还提供了一种用在航空和航天中在底座部上制造特别是纵梁的纤维复合材料部件的模芯,所述模芯包括:芯套管,所述芯套管形成模芯的外表面;和芯体,所述芯体被芯套管至少部分地包围。 
本发明还提供了一种特别在航空和航天中的具有至少一个纵梁的纤维复合材料部件,所述纤维复合材料部件通过根据本发明的模芯和/或根据本发明的方法制造。 
因此,本发明比开始提到的方法所具有的优点在于:可以代替昂贵的材料通过低成本的模芯制造纤维复合材料部件,因为低成本材料有利地用于模芯。 
可以在从属权利要求中得到本发明有利的改进和改良。 
根据优选的实施例,当启动预应力机构时,通过预应力机构在芯套管的外表面上产生用于膨胀芯套管的真空。在释放状态下,芯套管的直径优选地小于用于推到芯套管内的芯体的直径。通过预应力机构,芯套管则在芯套管的纵向方向上相对于可以将芯体推入的芯套管的直径这样的范围而膨胀或伸展。出于此目的,真空产生一力,所述力相对于芯套管基本上径向地作用在芯套管上,并从而弹性地给芯套管预加应力。如果然后将芯体推入到膨胀的芯套管内,则借助于预拉伸机构,通过停用预应力机构而释放芯套管的外表面上的真空,芯套管在径向方向上紧密地压缩在芯体的周围,并从而形成模芯。 
这因此实现的优点是可以以非常简单的方式利用芯套管包围芯体。这种芯套管一方面从CRP取代“释放”模芯的功能,以使得在模芯的随后移除中,不需要克服到CRP壁的黏附连接。另一方面,提供了“密封”功能。因此,在含有空气或的芯材料或芯材料是多孔的情况下,防止树脂从纤维复合材料部件穿透到芯内,并且相反地,防止空气从模芯逃逸到CRP层压材料内。 
在本应用中,“释放真空”或“终止真空”被理解为表示在具有真空的空间内压力等于外界压力(例如大气压)。 
在本发明的优选的发展的情况下,在停用预应力机构之后,通过焊接和/或粘接封闭芯套管的开口。特别在具有纤维半成品的模芯被完全封闭的情况下,从而可以可靠地防止模芯与纤维半成品之间的材料的交换的发生。如果模芯被纤维半成品完全包围,则在固化纤维复合材料部件之后,对于纤维复合材料部件来说可能必需的是首先被机械加工,以打开到模芯的通路。随后可以移除模芯。 
可选地,可以设置的是通过停用预应力机构在边缘区形成开口的情况下使芯套管密封地接触芯体的圆周。在这种情况下,芯套管因此不完全包围芯体。因此,在本发明的实施例的情况下,在优选选择地情况下,只有被芯套管包围的芯体的那部分用于模制和支撑用于制造纤维复合材料部件的纤维半成品。在这种情况下,没有任何芯套管的芯体的那部分从将被制造的纤维复合材料部件突出。一旦已经固化纤维复合材料部件,则可以更加容易地从纤维复合材料部件移除芯体,因为特别在模芯的纵向方向上的模芯的移动方向已经被释放。 
附图说明
图1-4示出了根据本发明的示例性实施例的用于制造模芯的多个方法步骤; 
图5A-5C示出了根据示例性实施例的用于制造纤维复合材料部件的又一些方法步骤;以及 
图6和图7示出了根据示例性实施例的移除芯套管的又一些方法步骤。 
在所有附图中,相同的元件或者功能相同的元件在每一种情况中用相同的附图标记表示,除非另有所述。 
具体实施方式
图1-5示意性地示出了根据本发明的示例性实施例的多个方法步骤。 
在图1A和1B中表示的根据本示例性实施例的第一方法步骤中,将芯套管1引入到预应力机构3的下部2。根据本示例性实施例,芯套管1由弹性和/或尺寸不稳定的材料(例如,塑料,特别是聚酰胺和/或PTEE塑料)形成。 
芯套管1在其纵向轴线基本上平行于预应力机构3的纵向轴线的情况下位于所述预应力机构3内。下部2优选地形成为沿管长切入的管的第一半部。芯套管1形成为弹性柔性管,所述弹性柔性管被形成以使得芯套管1在其一端1a处封闭,而在其另一端1b处设有开口4。可选地,预应力机构3的下部2和上部5也可以形成为一个部分。 
随后,如图2A和2B中所示,将优选地形成为沿管长切入的管的第二半部的上部5放到预应力机构3的下部2上。 
在预应力机构3的装配状态,上部5的横截面5a和下部2的横截面2a形成大致上气密的管横截面6。管横截面6优选地适于模芯横截面,并被形成以使得管横截面6大致上为具有圆角的梯形。可选地,管横截面6可以被形成,例如以使得其为三角形、椭圆形、圆形和/或波形。 
分别在上部和下部上的模制部(moulded-on portion)7a和7b一起形成例如通道9。通道9连接到真空泵(未示出)。 
在接下来的方法步骤中,芯套管1的边缘区1c相对于管横截面6以气密方式被封闭,并优选地滑过预应力机构3的右手端(right-hand end)3b。通过预应力机构的外圆周3c上的夹紧环10将折回(turn-back)边缘区1c优选地固定。
因此,充分气密空间11被形成,所述气密空间11由芯套管1的外侧1d与预应力机构的内壁3b界定。夹紧环10因此通过其夹紧作用防止空气在芯套管1的外侧1d与预应力机构3之间逃逸。 
在根据本示例性实施例的接下来的方法步骤中,如图3A和3B中所示,启动预应力机构3,即,打开真空泵以抽空空间11。结果,芯套管1的外侧1d紧密地贴在预应力机构3的内壁3d。这导致芯套管1的弹性材料膨胀,藉此,特别在径向方向,即,垂直于纵向方向的径向方向上给芯套管1预加应力。 
在接下来的方法步骤中,将尺寸稳定的芯体13推到以芯套管1这样的方式膨胀的开口1b。 
随后,停用预应力机构3,即,释放空间11内的真空,藉此,空间11内的压力等于外部压力,即,等于大气压。 
在释放状态下,芯套管1的直径D1小于芯体13的直径D2。预受力的芯套管因此仅仅稍微释放,并从而在圆周方向上牢牢地位于芯体13的周围。 
之后,可以移除夹紧环10,并可以将因此产生的模芯14从预应力机构3移除,如图4A和图4B中所示。 
在根据本示例性实施例的进一步的方法步骤中,芯套管的边缘区1c优选地被焊接到一起。当芯体13在将被制造的纤维复合材料部件(图5B中所示)的内部的同时,这样焊接到一起防止材料在芯体13与将被制造的纤维复合材料部件之间交换。 
可选地,芯体13可以形成有这样的长度以便在图3A和3B中所示的方法步骤中芯体13突出到预应力机构3的开口侧上的端部3b之外。如果移除夹紧环10,出于几何学的理由,则不能将边缘区1c焊接到一起,但是使边缘区1c紧密地贴在芯体13的突出部13a(如图5B中所示)的周围。 
模芯14适合于制造用于具有几何部的纤维复合材料部件22,所述几何部至少部分地对应于模芯14的几何部。 
通常,模芯14可以在用于制造纤维复合材料部件的各种方法(例如,手动层压、预浸料坯或真空注入工艺)中使用。然而,将举例说明模芯在真空注入工艺中的使用。 
图5A-5C示出了根据本示例性实施例的用于制造纤维复合材料部件的 进一步方法步骤。 
如图5A中所示,模芯14可以布置在纤维半成品(例如,无纬纤维织物)的底座部15上。随后,又一些纤维半成品16以它们至少部分地接触模芯并呈现出对应于模芯的外部形状的内部形状这样的方式平坦地位于模芯上。 
图5B示出了沿图5A的箭头A的方向的视图。在本示例性实施例的情况下,使用具有没有被芯套管1覆盖的突出部13a的模芯14。在芯套管的边缘区1d内,引入密封胶18。随后,利用密封膜19以气密方式覆盖又一些纤维半成品16和底座部15。从而利用密封胶18将密封膜19终止,且密封胶18以气密方式密封密封膜19与芯套管1之间的空间。更进一步,可以引入填充件2,所述填充件2支撑纤维半成品16的端部与密封胶之间的区域内的模芯。 
随后,将真空施加到由密封膜密封的空间,并且利用基体21提供到此空间的连接。如果密封膜下方的空间然后被抽空,基体21则均匀地分布在纤维半成品16和底座部15内。优选地,芯套管1在这里形成密封层,所述密封层防止基体21穿透到芯体13和/或防止特别是空气的物质从芯体13逃逸到将被制造的纤维复合材料部件22内。 
在进一步的方法步骤中,装置17布置在高压釜或炉(未示出)内,并在压力和/或加热下被固化。芯套管1因此由在不损失其“密封”和“释放”功能和/或不使外部预定公差(tolerance)变形的情况下承受例如180度的范围内所需的工艺温度的材料优选地形成。 
固化装置17则具有如图5C中所示的具有硬壳体23的纤维复合材料部件22,所述硬壳体23通过近似于Ω形的纵梁24加固。 
有各种用于移除模芯14的可能性。例如,通过喷水可以冲洗例如由水溶性材料形成的芯体13。出于此目的,设置具有软管26的冲洗设备25,通过所述软管26将水和被冲洗的芯体材料27携带走。 
可选地,芯体14可以在纵向方向上从Ω形纵梁24拉出。出于此目的,芯套管1在其内侧上设有具有滑动性质或由具有适当滑动性质的材料制成的涂层,即,芯套管1具有例如防止芯体13将其自身黏附地连接到芯套管1的释放层。芯套管1从而保留在Ω形纵梁24内,但是芯套管1仅稍微对部件 22的重量有贡献。 
虽然芯套管1可以保留在Ω形纵梁24内,但是可以以各种方式移除芯套管1。 
图6和图7示出了根据本发明的示例性实施例的用于移除芯套管的又一些方法步骤。 
如图6中所示,将线29固定到芯套管1的固定点30。随后,在纵梁24的纵向方向上将力F施加到线29,并从而从纵梁24拉出芯套管1。在优先选择的情况下,芯套管1因此包括释放层,所述释放层防止制造的纤维复合材料部件22黏附地连接到芯套管1。可选地,可以使用芯套管1被其挤压出的柱塞(ram)。 
在图7中,沿纵梁24的纵向方向将空气压力P施加到芯套管1的封闭端1a,并在纵梁24的纵向方向上将芯套管1从纵梁24挤压出来。 
所述方法还可以尤其有利地用于制造具有可在纵向方向L上变化的横截面的模芯14。如果例如使用水溶性芯体13,则在至少部分固化纤维复合材料部件22并冲洗芯体13之后,可以在没有任何问题的情况下将模芯14从所制造的纵梁24移除,所述纵梁24则具有可变横截面。芯体材料27随后可以重复用于形成新的芯体13。 
本发明不限于附图中所示的用于制造用于航空和航天的纤维复合材料部件。 
更进一步,可以以各种方式改变根据本发明的制造方法的各个方法步骤的各个顺序。也可以修改各个方法步骤所采取的形式。例如,代替将芯套管在压力下挤压出来,而可以实施通过抽吸将芯套管抽出,以便从所制造的纵梁将芯套管移除。 
更进一步,可以以各种方式修改模芯的几何结构。 
更进一步,也可以使用多个模芯以形成单个模芯,无纬纤维织物放在所述单个模芯周围。此目的是通过多个模芯生成更加复杂的几何结构。因此,可以制造更加复杂的纤维复合材料部件。 
附图标记 
1      芯套管
1a                芯套管的封闭端 
1b                芯套管的开口端 
1c                芯套管的边缘区 
1d                芯套管的外侧 
2                 预应力机构的下部 
3                 预应力机构 
3a                通道侧上的端部 
3b                开口侧上的端部 
3c                外圆周 
3d                内壁 
4                 芯套管的开口 
5                 预应力机构的上部 
5a                上部的横截面 
5b                下部的横截面 
6                 管横截面 
7a,7b            模制部 
9                 通道 
10                夹紧环 
11                气密空间 
13                芯体 
13a               突出部 
14                模芯 
15                底座部 
16                纤维半成品 
17                装置 
18                密封胶 
19                密封膜 
20                填充件 
21                基体 
22                纤维复合材料部件
23          壳体 
24          Ω形纵梁 
25          冲洗设备 
26          软管 
27          芯体材料 
29          线 
30          固定点 
D1          芯套管的直径 
D2          芯体的直径 
P           空气压力 
L           纵向方向

Claims (21)

1.一种用于制造特别用于航天和航空的纤维复合材料部件(22)的方法,所述方法包括以下方法步骤:
将弹性芯套管(1)引入到预应力机构(3);
通过启动所述预应力机构(3)膨胀引入的所述芯套管(1),用于给所述芯套管(1)弹性地预加应力;
通过所述膨胀的芯套管(1)的开口(4)引入尺寸稳定的芯体(13);
通过停用所述预应力机构(3)释放所述膨胀的芯套管(1),用于使所述芯体(13)被所述芯套管(1)紧密地包围,并从而用于形成模芯(14);以及
将至少一个纤维半成品(16)至少部分地放在形成的所述模芯(14)上,用于成形将被制造的所述纤维复合材料部件(22)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,当启动所述预应力机构(3)时,通过所述预应力机构(3)产生用于膨胀所述芯套管(1)的、在所述芯套管(1)的外表面(1d)上的真空。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,当停用所述预应力机构(3)时,通过所述预应力机构(3)释放所述芯套管(1)的外表面(1d)上的真空。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述预应力机构(3)形成为具有封闭横截面(6)的管的一部分。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,通过下部(2)和上部(5)形成所述预应力机构(3),用于使所述预应力机构(3)沿其长度开口,以将所述芯套管(1)放在所述预应力机构(3)内。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述预应力机构(3)设有用于插入所述芯体(13)的开口(3b)。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,所述芯套管(1)在所述芯套管(1)的所述开口(4)的区域连接在所述预应力机构(3)的所述开口(3b),用于气密地闭合所述芯套管(1)。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,在停用所述预应力机构(3)后,通过焊接和/或粘接将所述芯套管(1)的所述开口(4)封闭。
9.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,通过停用所述预应力机构(3),使所述芯套管(1)密封地接触所述芯体(13)的圆周,且边缘区(1c)形成所述开口(4)。
10.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,在停用所述预应力机构(3)之后,从所述预应力机构(3)移除所述模芯(14)。
11.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述模芯(14)布置在纤维复合材料半成品的底座部件(15)上,和/或所述模芯(14)在所述芯套管(1)的区域内被用于形成所述纤维复合材料部件(22)的至少一部分的纤维半成品(16)至少部分地包围。
12.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述模芯(14)被布置成所述模芯(14)从包围所述模芯(14)的、用于形成所述纤维复合材料部件(22)的所述纤维半成品(16)突出。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其特征在于,所述模芯(14)的突出部(13a)设有密封元件(18),所述密封元件(18)用于至少在基体(21)的引入期间密封所述纤维半成品(16)。
14.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述模芯(14)被布置成所述模芯(14)被用于形成所述纤维复合材料部件(22)的纤维半成品(16)完全包围。
15.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,将基体(21)引入到具有所述模芯(14)的至少一个纤维半成品(16)内,并随后在压力和/或加热下至少部分地固化所述基体(21),以形成所述纤维复合材料部件(22)。
16.根据权利要求15所述的方法,其特征在于,所述至少部分固化的纤维复合材料部件(22)被机械加工,用于移除所述芯体(13)和/或所述芯套管(1)。
17.根据权利要求15所述的方法,其特征在于,在至少部分固化所述纤维复合材料部件(22)之后,将所述芯体(13)从所述纤维复合材料部件(22)移除。
18.根据权利要求17所述的方法,其特征在于,通过冲洗、抽吸抽出和/或机械拉出所述芯体(13)而将所述芯体(13)从所述纤维复合材料部件(22)移除。
19.根据权利要求15所述的方法,其特征在于,将所述芯套管(1)从所述至少部分固化的纤维复合材料部件(22)移除。
20.根据权利要求19所述的方法,其特征在于,通过压缩空气、抽吸抽出、冲洗和/或机械拉出而移除所述芯套管(1),且使所述芯套管(1)上适当的接合元件(30)与用于移除所述套管的装置(29)接合。
21.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,用于制造所述纤维复合材料部件(22)的方法采取手糊、预浸处理、转移模制和/或真空注入工艺的形式。
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