CN101474603B - Device for preventing negative pressure of underground drip irrigation system and block of root system - Google Patents
Device for preventing negative pressure of underground drip irrigation system and block of root system Download PDFInfo
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- CN101474603B CN101474603B CN200910076834XA CN200910076834A CN101474603B CN 101474603 B CN101474603 B CN 101474603B CN 200910076834X A CN200910076834X A CN 200910076834XA CN 200910076834 A CN200910076834 A CN 200910076834A CN 101474603 B CN101474603 B CN 101474603B
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- water dropper
- drip irrigation
- elastic ring
- delivery port
- pressure
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
- A01G25/06—Watering arrangements making use of perforated pipe-lines located in the soil
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Sewage (AREA)
- Nozzles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a device for preventing the negative pressure of an underground drip irrigation system and the blockage of a root system. The device is an elastic member arranged outside a water dropper outlet in the underground drip irrigation system, and the working process of the elastic member is as follows: (1) under natural state, the elastic member is in interference fit with the water dropper, and the water dropper outlet is caused to be in the closing state; (2) when the underground drip irrigation system works and achieves a pressure set value, the elastic member is elastically deformed under the action of pressure, the elastic member is separated from the water outlet, and water flows flow out smoothly; and (3) when the drip irrigation is completed and the pressure in the underground drip irrigation system is reduced, the elastic member is automatically reset and is closely attached to the water dropper outlet. The installation of the elastic member of the invention can effectively solve the problems of negative pressure blockage and root system blockage of the underground water dropper, and the device has the advantages of simple structure, convenient installation and low cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preventing clogging up device that is used for underground drip irrigation, particularly a kind of device that prevents that underground drip irrigation system negative pressure and root system from stopping up.
Background technology
Underground drip irrigation is a kind of more irrigation technique of water saving of being come by the ground drip irrigation development; It directly supplies water in the root district of crop through hollow billet and the douche (also being called water dropper) that is embedded in underground certain depth place (depth of burying is 20-40cm usually); Thereby reduced the table soil evaporation loss of moisture, improved the utilization ratio of irrigation water.Water dropper (also being called douche) is the most critical parts on the drip irrigation pipe, and its effect is to make pressure water stream through the abundant energy dissipating of its inner flow passage, splashes into soil with stable, uniform low discharge.The water flow of water dropper is very little, and the flow of general single water dropper has only 1-8L/h, and mostly water dropper inner flow passage structure is zigzag or labyrinth shape, and width of flow path is very narrow, is merely about 0.3-2mm usually.In addition, the water dropper apopore is also very little, generally have only about 0.5～1.2mm, so the deadly defect of water dropper is very easily to be stopped up by dirt and cause scrapping.
Negative pressure inhales the mud obstruction and the root intrusion obstruction is two main factors that cause the water dropper obstruction of burying ground.Under the underground drip irrigation condition, water dropper is in one by in the environment that soil and crop root surrounded.When underground drip irrigation system was worked, the water pressure (being provided by water pump) in the pipe network was greater than atmospheric pressure Pa, and this moment, water dropper can normally effluent, for crop root supplies water.When output satisfies the demands; When the underground drip irrigation system valve-off stops to supply water, when promptly switching off the pump, because the unexpected reduction of pressure in the pipe network; Make the reverse pressure reduction of the inside and outside generation of drip irrigation pipe; Pressure in the drip irrigation pipe is less than atmospheric pressure Pa, i.e. negative pressure state, and it is inner and cause obstruction to cause water dropper surrounding soil fine grained to be inhaled into the water dropper runner.This obstruction is exactly the negative pressure suction mud obstruction of underground drip irrigation system.
Be to solve the negative pressure blockage problem, some scholars attempt adopting filter material to do the interception protection at water dropper delivery port place, with cut off soil particle get in the water dropper runner must be by approach.Specific practice is to select for use nonwoven and two kinds of materials of coarse sand to carry out the field contrast test as filter material respectively, and its concrete scheme is: with the 100g needle punched non-woven fabrics, be cut into 3cm * 3cm small pieces, be wrapped on the aperture; Another kind is that coarse sand is sieved, and removes powder, fine sand, and the flush away clay in its 5cm * 5cm bag made from 1mm * 1mm nylon wire of packing into, is placed on sand pocket on the delivery port and protects.Operation result of the test for many years shows continuously, and two kinds of anti-filtering materials all can be obtained the effect that certain anti-negative pressure is stopped up.Comparatively speaking, the anti-negative pressure of grit material is stopped up effect and is better than nonwoven cloth material.If adopt nonwoven, after operation a period of time, possibly produce the not smooth phenomenon of effluenting.Yet the filter material method need be carried out manual parcel one by one to each water dropper and handled, and operation sequence is too numerous and diverse, thus workload excessive be its shortcoming that can't overcome.
Negative pressure to underground drip irrigation is inhaled the mud problem, and also some is to start with from the water dropper inner flow passage, has designed a kind of internally-inlaid pressure compensation water dropper.For example; China's utility model patent " underground drip irrigation douche "; It authorizes publication number is CN2403233; The water dropper flow field end has the pressure compensation sheet of a silicon rubber material, and the size that this pressure compensation sheet can be regulated flow section automatically according to the degree that system works pressure changes is guaranteed the uniformity of effluenting; When the pressure of water dropper porch less than zero the time, promptly irrigate when stopping negative pressure to occur, the pressure compensation sheet is because elasticity is shunk automatically is pressed on the flange of flow field end, complete locking runner, thus avoid soil particle to be inhaled in the water dropper runner.But the structure of this kind water dropper is too complicated, need carry out large-scale redevelopment to current production line, makes the production cost of water dropper rise, and does not therefore have market prospects.
In addition, when adopting underground drip irrigation system to irrigate, near the soil moisture content the water dropper is higher and since crop root to aquatic long property, the root system of crop can gather to the water dropper place, the part root system might stretch into the water dropper delivery port, causes the root system of water dropper to stop up.For avoiding crop root to stretch into water dropper inside; In the irrigation system operation phase, mainly alleviated the root system blockage problem of water dropper through in irrigation water, regularly injecting near the root system of methods such as small amount of chloride, acid solution or trefanocide in killing the water dropper among a small circle in the past.But frequently applying of these chemical substances can cause the labour intensity of irrigation system operational management to increase undoubtedly, and a large amount of use meetings of chemical substance simultaneously cause certain pollution to soil.In recent years; The Geoflow company of the U.S. has developed a kind of special-purpose water dropper to the root intrusion blockage problem, and specific volatility herbicide is dissolved in the said firm in the plastic material of producing water dropper, after water dropper is buried; Herbicide in the plastics will be discharged in the water dropper surrounding soil with vapor form by given pace; Thereby near water dropper, form a soil environment that is unfavorable for that crop root is grown among a small circle, suppress root system and near water dropper, grow, make producing of water dropper itself scold root property.But this water dropper is in transportation, installation and storehouse storage process, can slowly release the toxic gas that contains herbicide equally and causes environmental pollution.
The employed water dropper of underground drip irrigation generally is made up of water dropper water inlet, water dropper runner and water dropper delivery port three parts both at home and abroad at present; Pressure water stream gets in the water dropper runner through the water dropper water inlet; Through the abundant energy dissipating of water dropper runner, in the soil around going into to be seeped into through the water dropper delivery port again.Therefore the delivery port of water dropper is the passage that connects between water dropper runner and the outside soil of water dropper, also is that the soil particle (under suction function) around the water dropper is inhaled into the inner unique channel of water dropper runner when irrigation system water supply stops; Simultaneously, also be the unique channel that crop root stretches into water dropper.Therefore at water dropper delivery port place barrier is set, cuts off soil particle and crop root and get into negative pressure obstruction and the root system blockage problem that this inner approach of water dropper can effectively solve water dropper.According to above-mentioned mechanism, developing a kind of device that prevents that underground drip irrigation system negative pressure and root system from stopping up is aim of the present invention.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is defective to above-mentioned prior art; A kind of device that prevents that underground drip irrigation system negative pressure and root system from stopping up is provided; Have advantage simple in structure, easy for installation and with low cost, and the negative pressure that can effectively solve in the drip irrigation process is inhaled mud and root intrusion problem.
The technical scheme taked of the present invention is to achieve these goals: a kind of device that prevents that underground drip irrigation system negative pressure and root system from stopping up is arranged on the outside elastomeric element of water dropper delivery port in the said underground drip irrigation system.When not irrigating, promptly under the nature, pressure in the drip irrigation pipe and atmospheric pressure pa equate that this moment, elastomeric element and delivery port closely pasted, and with said water dropper interference fit (magnitude of interference is less), made the water dropper delivery port be in closed condition.After water pump is opened; Be that underground drip irrigation system is started working, the water pressure in the drip irrigation pipe increases gradually, and (size of Pw value is relevant with the material of selecting for use elastomeric element greater than atmospheric pressure and when reaching a certain setting value Pw when the water pressure in the drip irrigation pipe; But because water pressure is much larger than the amount of elasticity of elastomeric element; The amount of elasticity that can ignore elastomeric element generally speaking), strain takes place in elastomeric element under the effect of pressure, and elastomeric element and delivery port are thrown off; Be that elastomeric element the gap occurred between the pressure jack-up of current and delivery port, current are effluented smoothly.Shut down when water pump, promptly drip irrigation finishes, the moment that underground drip irrigation system is closed; Pressure in the drip irrigation pipe will be rapidly be decreased to Pn (Pw＞Pa＞Pn) by Pw; This moment, elastomeric element then automatically reset, and closely pasted and (promptly return to the interference fit state, but the magnitude of interference being bigger) once more with the water dropper delivery port; Thereby locking water dropper delivery port prevents to suck the soil microparticle.And the Pn value is more little, and it is tightr that elastomeric element combines with delivery port.
In sum, elastomeric element only separates with the water dropper delivery port in the irrigation process, and other period elastomeric element all pastes and on the water dropper delivery port, locking crop root stretch into the inner passage of water dropper, therefore can effectively prevent the root intrusion blockage problem of water dropper.In addition; Because elastomeric element is to the protective action of water dropper delivery port, particularly inhale the moment that the irrigation system of mud is closed being prone to negative pressure, elastomeric element and water dropper delivery port also closely paste and; Locking the water dropper delivery port, therefore can effectively avoid the negative pressure of water dropper to inhale the mud blockage problem.
Said elastomeric element is elastic ring or flexure strip.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: compare prior art; The present invention tackles from the water dropper delivery port; Having designed a kind of elastic ring protects delivery port; The negative pressure that efficiently solves water dropper is inhaled mud obstruction and root intrusion blockage problem, has advantage simple in structure, easy for installation and with low cost.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a Unit Installation sketch map according to the invention;
Fig. 2 is a sketch map of measuring the anti-negative pressure performance devices that water dropper of the present invention is installed;
Fig. 3 is the mensuration figure of anti-negative pressure plugging performance that the water dropper of elastic ring according to the invention is installed.
Among the figure: 1 drip irrigation pipe, 2 water droppers, 3 water dropper delivery ports, 4. elastic ring, 10 have installed water dropper sample, 20 vacuum meters, 30 vavuum pump access points, the 40 air storage tanks of elastic ring additional.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiment the present invention is described further, but not as to qualification of the present invention.
A kind of device that prevents that underground drip irrigation system negative pressure and root system from stopping up as shown in Figure 1 is arranged on the outside elastomeric element of water dropper delivery port 3 of drip irrigation pipe 1 in the said underground drip irrigation system.Said elastomeric element is elastic ring 4 or flexure strip.Promptly when drip irrigation pipe 1 is tubulose, the water dropper delivery port 3 outer socket elastic rings 4 (referring to Fig. 1) of water dropper 2; When drip irrigation pipe 1 is band shape, the water dropper delivery port 3 outer flexure strips that are bonded with of water dropper 2, the two ends up and down of flexure strip are bonded in the two ends up and down of water dropper delivery port, the centre is the free state (not shown).
Be example with the elastic ring below, explain.For detecting effect of the present invention; On drip irrigation market, selected a drip irrigation pipe 1 that has cylindrical water dropper immediately; Elastic ring 4 has been installed in water dropper delivery port 3 positions on drip irrigation pipe 1 then; And the standard method that detects according to drip irrigation pipe, water dropper sample 10 performances that install additional behind the elastic ring are detected.Wherein, this drip irrigation pipe of selecting for use is of a size of parameter and is: diameter is 16mm, and water dropper delivery port diameter is 0.6mm.The elastic ring that is installed additional is processed by silica gel, and its diameter is 15.9mm, and the thickness of elastic ring is 1mm, and width is 0.8mm.The cross section of elastic ring is a rectangle.Common geometry such as circle, rhombus can also be adopted in the cross section of said elastic ring 4.
For detecting the protection effect of said elastic ring to negative pressure suction mud, adopt experimental rig (vacuum extractor) as shown in Figure 2, among the figure: 10 is that the water dropper sample, 20 that has installed elastic ring additional is that vacuum meter, 30 is that vavuum pump access point, 40 is the air storage tank.Anti-negative pressure plugging performance to installing the water dropper behind the elastic ring additional has carried out indoor test.This equipment can apply any negative pressure in 0～80Kpa scope to supplying the examination water dropper.25 water dropper samples 10 that installed elastic ring additional that will extract immediately in the actual measurement are connected with the test port of vacuum extractor one by one; Through the test negative pressure of vavuum pump classification generation 20Kpa, 40Kpa, 60Kpa and 80Kpa, the anti-negative pressure performance test work of the water dropper under the corresponding completion different pressures.After reaching each test negative pressure value, carry out the pressurize test, every situation of change, duration 40min at a distance from a vacuum meter reading of 5min observation.As shown in Figure 3, test result shows that all install the water dropper sample 10 of elastic ring additional, and in the testing time scope of regulation, the reading of vacuum meter 20 all remains on stable state.Installing additional when having guaranteed that it is worked under condition of negative pressure of elastic ring; There is not air to get into runner from the apopore of water dropper; This just means that the soil particle around the water dropper can't be inhaled into runner, and the water dropper that installs additional behind the elastic ring has possessed good anti-negative pressure plugging performance.
Be that further test installs the effect of the water dropper of elastic ring additional, XX irrigation tests base is used for the irrigation tests on lawn with this water dropper in Beijing, and through the Continuous Observation that continues a year, the growth of turfgrass is normal, and height is neat.Explain that this water dropper that has installed elastic ring additional has preferable performance, the uniformity of pouring water is better, can fully satisfy the demand of crop.After 1 year, from soil, dig out 25 water droppers at random and cut the water dropper runner open, do not find to have in the water dropper root system residual, explain that the water dropper that installs elastic ring additional also has anti-preferably root system and stops up effect.
So advantage of the present invention is:
1. install negative pressure suction mud obstruction and root intrusion blockage problem that elastic ring can effectively solve buried water dropper additional at water dropper delivery port place;
2. this elastomeric element is simple in structure, and is with low cost, easy for installation, is easy to realize the production line installation;
3. this elastomeric element can be used as a kind of optional spare part of existing drip irrigation pipe.Let the client that bigger choice is arranged, irritate on ground if the client need carry out ground, then need not buy this elastic ring; If the client needs underground drip irrigation system, only need extraly again on former basis to install an elastic ring additional and can transform common drip irrigation pipe as underground drip irrigation special-purpose drip irrigation pipe.
The present invention tackles from the water dropper delivery port, has designed a kind of elastic ring delivery port is protected, and the negative pressure that efficiently solves water dropper is inhaled mud obstruction and root intrusion blockage problem, has advantage simple in structure, easy for installation and with low cost.
Above-described embodiment, the present invention specific embodiment a kind of more preferably just, common variation that those skilled in the art carries out in technical scheme scope of the present invention and replacement all should be included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. device that prevents that underground drip irrigation system negative pressure and root system from stopping up; It is characterized in that: at the flexible circle of delivery port outer setting of the water dropper of said underground drip irrigation system; Said elastic ring is interference fitted on the outside of said delivery port of said water dropper, and said elastic ring is arranged so that said water dropper fully passes said elastic ring; Under the nature, said elastic ring and said water dropper interference fit make the said delivery port of said water dropper be in closed condition; Said underground drip irrigation system work and when reaching pressure set points; Strain takes place in said elastic ring under the effect of pressure; Said elastic ring and delivery port are thrown off, said elastic ring by the pressure jack-up of current, and said delivery port between the gap appears, current effluent smoothly; Drip irrigation finishes, and the pressure in the said underground drip irrigation system reduces, and said elastic ring automatically resets and fits tightly once more with the said delivery port of said water dropper.
2. the device that prevents that underground drip irrigation system negative pressure and root system from stopping up according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: said elastic ring is a flexure strip.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN200910076834XA CN101474603B (en) | 2009-01-22 | 2009-01-22 | Device for preventing negative pressure of underground drip irrigation system and block of root system |
| PCT/CN2010/070310 WO2010083765A1 (en) | 2009-01-22 | 2010-01-21 | Device for preventing negative pressure of underground drip irrigation system and blockage of root system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN200910076834XA CN101474603B (en) | 2009-01-22 | 2009-01-22 | Device for preventing negative pressure of underground drip irrigation system and block of root system |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101474603A CN101474603A (en) | 2009-07-08 |
| CN101474603B true CN101474603B (en) | 2012-11-28 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN200910076834XA Expired - Fee Related CN101474603B (en) | 2009-01-22 | 2009-01-22 | Device for preventing negative pressure of underground drip irrigation system and block of root system |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN101474603B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2010083765A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101474603B (en) * | 2009-01-22 | 2012-11-28 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Device for preventing negative pressure of underground drip irrigation system and block of root system |
| CN102500482B (en) * | 2011-10-25 | 2014-04-16 | 中国农业大学 | Laminated self-adaptive drip irrigation emitter and use method thereof |
| CN103875509A (en) * | 2014-02-28 | 2014-06-25 | 中国农业大学 | Negative pressure irrigation system and method |
| CN107969322A (en) * | 2016-10-21 | 2018-05-01 | 甘肃润瑞农业节水工程有限公司 | A kind of automatically buried underground drip irrigation device and its installation method |
| CN107509613B (en) * | 2017-10-20 | 2023-07-04 | 中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所 | Underground self-induction integrated irrigation device |
| CN108716578B (en) * | 2018-07-25 | 2020-01-21 | 北京顺鑫绿洲锦绣园林工程有限公司 | Negative pressure suction expansion type protection structure for telescopic water supply device |
| CN210247805U (en) * | 2019-03-29 | 2020-04-07 | 秦春明 | Drip irrigation connector and drip irrigation pipe |
| CN113197064B (en) * | 2021-06-17 | 2023-01-31 | 青岛博雅生态环境工程有限公司 | Type skeleton texture is driped irrigation to gardens smallclothes |
| CN114303701A (en) * | 2021-12-23 | 2022-04-12 | 佳木斯大学 | Plant cultivation frame module and plant cultivation device |
| CN114303892B (en) * | 2022-01-19 | 2024-01-23 | 山东中科先进技术有限公司 | Load feedback jet flow pulse dripper and drip irrigation system |
| CN115796453B (en) * | 2022-11-28 | 2023-07-04 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Municipal sewer manhole cover exhaust effect evaluation method |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU1306521A1 (en) * | 1985-03-20 | 1987-04-30 | Всесоюзный Научно-Исследовательский Институт Комплексной Автоматизации Мелиоративных Систем | Arrangement for supplying water to furrows |
| SU1528388A1 (en) * | 1987-12-07 | 1989-12-15 | Всесоюзный Научно-Исследовательский Институт Комплексной Автоматизации Мелиоративных Систем | Water outlet of underground watering pipe-line |
| CN2520651Y (en) * | 2002-01-09 | 2002-11-20 | 郑州轻工业学院 | Infiltrating irrigating device |
| CN2524484Y (en) * | 2002-01-12 | 2002-12-11 | 刘庆华 | Ring sleeve type low pressure infiltrating irrigation device |
| CN2556922Y (en) * | 2002-08-23 | 2003-06-25 | 刘采联 | Automatic balancing adjustable pipe network immersion irrigation device |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN201371092Y (en) * | 2009-01-22 | 2009-12-30 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Device for preventing blockage of underground drip irrigation system |
| CN101474603B (en) * | 2009-01-22 | 2012-11-28 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Device for preventing negative pressure of underground drip irrigation system and block of root system |
-
2009
- 2009-01-22 CN CN200910076834XA patent/CN101474603B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2010
- 2010-01-21 WO PCT/CN2010/070310 patent/WO2010083765A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU1306521A1 (en) * | 1985-03-20 | 1987-04-30 | Всесоюзный Научно-Исследовательский Институт Комплексной Автоматизации Мелиоративных Систем | Arrangement for supplying water to furrows |
| SU1528388A1 (en) * | 1987-12-07 | 1989-12-15 | Всесоюзный Научно-Исследовательский Институт Комплексной Автоматизации Мелиоративных Систем | Water outlet of underground watering pipe-line |
| CN2520651Y (en) * | 2002-01-09 | 2002-11-20 | 郑州轻工业学院 | Infiltrating irrigating device |
| CN2524484Y (en) * | 2002-01-12 | 2002-12-11 | 刘庆华 | Ring sleeve type low pressure infiltrating irrigation device |
| CN2556922Y (en) * | 2002-08-23 | 2003-06-25 | 刘采联 | Automatic balancing adjustable pipe network immersion irrigation device |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN101474603A (en) | 2009-07-08 |
| WO2010083765A1 (en) | 2010-07-29 |
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Inventor after: Yu Yingduo Inventor after: Feng Minghui Inventor after: Xu Di Inventor after: Liu Chun Inventor after: Gong Shihong Inventor after: Wang Jiandong Inventor after: Ma Xiaopeng Inventor before: Yu Yingduo Inventor before: Gong Shihong Inventor before: Wang Jiandong Inventor before: Ma Xiaopeng |
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| CI01 | Correction of invention patent gazette |
Correction item: Second inventor Correct: Feng Minghui False: Feng Minghui Number: 48 Volume: 28 |
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| CI03 | Correction of invention patent |
Correction item: Second inventor Correct: Feng Minghui False: Feng Minghui Number: 48 Page: The title page Volume: 28 |
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| ERR | Gazette correction | ||
| RECT | Rectification | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20121128 Termination date: 20160122 |
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| EXPY | Termination of patent right or utility model |