CN101473801A - High-efficient method for cultivating fry of turbot family - Google Patents

High-efficient method for cultivating fry of turbot family Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101473801A
CN101473801A CNA2009100140010A CN200910014001A CN101473801A CN 101473801 A CN101473801 A CN 101473801A CN A2009100140010 A CNA2009100140010 A CN A2009100140010A CN 200910014001 A CN200910014001 A CN 200910014001A CN 101473801 A CN101473801 A CN 101473801A
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day
fish
days
bait
parent
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CN101473801B (en
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张庆文
孔杰
栾生
罗坤
张天时
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Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences
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Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81Aquaculture, e.g. of fish

Abstract

An efficient cultivation method of a turbot family offspring comprises the following steps: parent fish selection, parent fish cultivation, artificial directional mating, hatching, offspring cultivation and getting of commercial offsprings. The parent fish is selected from germplasm parent fish of different batches from different countries; artificial fertilization is performed among different germplasm parent fish, and the same batch of the parent fish are not allowed to mate with each other; offspring cultivation is as follows: at the early period, the adopted facility is a 3m<3> glass reinforced plastics barrel, and bait comprises chlorella, rotifer and artemia; at the middle period, the adopted facility is a 10m<3> cement pond, and the bait is micro pellet bait; at the later period, the adopted facility is a 20-30m<3> cement pond, and the bait is fish larvae pellet bait; and specification of the commercial offsprings is 5-6cm. The method is characterized by adopting the parent fish with different germplasm resources for the artificial directional mating, and seriously controlling inbreeding; and adopting different culturing facilities to cultivate the offspring by three stages, which causes the offspring emergence rate of the commercial offspring to reach 46.8%, and improves growth rate thereof by 36%, and lowers of etiolation rate thereof below 5%. The method can efficiently produce high-quality turbot offsprings, and is applicable to large-scale production.

Description

High-efficient method for cultivating fry of turbot family
Technical field:
The invention belongs to turbot and culture fry production process, is in the large-scale production of turbot seed, and efficient, high-quality is cultivated a kind of technical method of seed.
Background technology:
Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.) is northeast, the Atlantic Ocean, the coastal distinctive a kind of flatfish in Europe.China introduced the turbot seed from Britain first in 1992, tame, form, aspects such as parent fish rearing, seed production, nutrient fodder, disease control and basic research have obtained serial important research achievement." biological property of turbot and the seed production key technology " of, Lei Jilin strong etc. (Marine Sciences/2004 year/the 28th/the 3 phase of volume) as: Inst of Huanghai Sea Marine Products, Chinese Academy of Aquatic Product Science's door, among the grandson of Inst of Huanghai Sea Marine Products, Chinese Academy of Aquatic Product Science " test of turbot industrial aquaculture " (ocean research/2004 year/the 24th/the 1 phase of volume) and the Zhang Zheng of life institute of Chinese Marine University etc. " culturing evaluation and the phylogenetic systematics research of turbot fin rot pathogen " (Marine Sciences make progress the/2004 years/the 22nd rolled up for/the 2 phase) etc.They have mainly carried out a large amount of research work at aspects such as turbot fundamental biological knowledge characteristic, fry production process, breeding production and disease controls.Because the parent population of adopting in the turbot seed production process is usually without the science seed selection, for many generations culture and inbreeding in addition, cause the germplasm degradation phenomena of offspring seed more serious, occurred that incubation rate and emergence rate reduce, proterties degradation phenomenas such as growth rate slows down, resistance variation.At present, in the turbot seed produces, adopt the inbreeding control technology to carry out scale fry of turbot family High-efficient Production, still do not have the research report.
Summary of the invention:
The purpose of this invention is to provide that a kind of technology is simple to operate, the parent population of adopting different germplasms, the method for setting up inbreeding control scheme, artificial orientation's mating, the High-efficient Production fry of turbot family is applicable to large-scale production.
The present invention finishes by following technology operation sequence: its technology contents comprises: 1, parent population is selected, and 2, parent fish rearing, 3, artificial orientation's mating, 4, hatching, 5, seed rearing, 6, commercial seedling.
1, parent population is selected:
Choose 4~6 batches of germplasm parent populations that derive from Britain, France, Denmark, Spain, Norway and Chilean different batches, every batch of parent population quantity 50~80 tails, male female ratio is 1:1 or 1:1.5; 3 age~4 ages of raun, 3~5 kilograms of body weight, long 40~60 centimetres of body, 2~3 ages of milter, 2~3 kilograms of body weight, long 30~35 centimetres of body.
2, parent fish rearing:
Daily management: water is the sand filtration seawater; Light daytime is 1000LUX~1500LUX, and be nature evening; Water temperature: 8~18 ℃, salinity: 28~35; PH7.8~8.5; Dissolved oxygen〉6mg/L; Ammonia nitrogen<0.2mg/L; The day exchange capacity of flowing water is 2~6 full doses; Parent fish rearing density is 5kg/m 2Or 1~1.5 tail/m 2Foodstuff is based on iced trash fish, and day throwing amount of raising is 1.5%~3% of a fish body weight,
The gonad development management: outside the corresponding conditions with daily management, its intensity of illumination should be adjusted to 300-600LUX; Light application time increased by 1 hour by per 4 days, by increasing to 16 hours every days 8 hours every days gradually; Water temperature increased by 1 ℃ by per 5 days, progressively increased to 14 ℃ by 8 ℃; Parent population bait adds fish oil and soft phosphatide again except that iced trash fish, addition is 3~6 ‰ of day throwing abundance of food.
3, artificial orientation's mating:
Artificial insemination is carried out between different batches, and same batch of parent population can not mating, promptly uses the raun mating of wherein a collection of milter and other batches, and can a hero female or how female to one, hatching be cultivated separately separately then.
4, hatching:
The hatching net cage is 80cm * 60cm * 60cm, and net cage is floating surfaces 10 centimetres in hatching; Illuminance: 300~1000LUX; Water temperature: 12~16 ℃.
5, seed rearing:
Cultivate early stage (before 30 days): it cultivates facility is 3m 3Glass fibre reinforced plastic tub 200-220, with ovum (newly hatched larvae) the cloth bucket of hatching by the 3rd day, density is 15000/barrel; Water temperature heats up by 0.5 ℃ of/day speed, rises to 18 ℃ gradually from 15 ℃; Bait is chlorella, wheel animalcule and halogen worm, and the concentration of chlorella remains on ten thousand/ml of 8-10 in the water body; Wheel animalcule and halogen worm need to throw something and feed after the fortification, and wheel animalcule makes water body wheel animalcule density reach 5~10/ml at every turn when throwing something and feeding, and since 9~10 days artemia naupliis of throwing something and feeding, throw something and feed continuously about 20 days; Throw something and feed every day 2 times~4 times, make 0.1~0.2/ml of water body halogen worm density at every turn when throwing something and feeding, progressively increase to 1~2/ml by beginning; The quantity of exchanged water of perennial draingage was 5~6 circulation/day.
Cultivate mid-term (30~60 days): it cultivates facility is 10m 350 of cement pits, cultivation density is 1500~2000 tails/m 2, water temperature is 18 ℃; Bait is microparticle bait, and particle diameter is 400~600 μ m, and day throwing amount of raising is 5%~15% of a fish body weight, throws something and feeds 5~6 times/day; The quantity of exchanged water of perennial draingage was 6~8 circulation/day.
Later stage is cultivated (after 60 days): it cultivates facility is 20~30m 330 of cement pits, cultivation density is 1000~2000 tails/m 2, water temperature is 18 ℃; Bait is young postlarva granular bait for fish, and particle diameter is about 800 μ m, and day throwing amount of raising is 5%~15% of a fish body weight, throws something and feeds 5~6 times/day; The quantity of exchanged water of perennial draingage was 8~10 circulation/day.
6, commercial seedling:
Turbot seed rearing growing seedlings from the newly hatched larvae to the commercial specification needs 80~90 days, and specification is 5~6 centimeters.
The inventive method has following characteristics:
1, adopt parent fish with different germplasm resources to carry out artificial orientation's mating, strict control inbreeding;
2, adopt different cultivation facilities, divide three phases to cultivate seed, make the commercial seedling emergence rate up to 46.8%, growth rate improves 36%, and albefaction rate is lower than 5%.
Embodiment:
Below by example the technology of the present invention is described in detail:
The technology of the present invention experiment is to carry out in Shandong Province Huanghai Aquatic Products Co.,Ltd., Haiyang City choice seafood aquiculture field in 2007, and its technical method of the present invention comprises: 1, parent population is selected, 2, parent fish rearing, 3, artificial orientation's mating, 4, hatching, 5, seed rearing, 6, commercial seedling.
1, parent population is chosen:
1), germplasm: the former seedling of having collected countries such as deriving from Britain, France, Denmark, Spain, Norway and Chile is at home formed parent population, carries out 6 batches altogether.
2), parent population specification: 3 ages of raun, 3 kilograms of body weight, long 40 centimetres of body, 2 ages of milter, 2 kilograms of body weight, long 30~35 centimetres of body.
3), parent population quantity: every batch of parent population is 50 tails, and male and female are than being 1:1.
2, parent fish rearing:
1), daily management: parent population at first carries out the thorough disinfection processing to the parent fish rearing pond with bleaching liquid before going into the pond, the back adds water in the pond, water is the sand filtration seawater, water level is 60~70 centimetres, temperature be 18 ℃, light below 1500LUX, salinity is 28~35, pH7.8~8.5, dissolved oxygen 6mg/L, ammonia nitrogen<0.2mg/L.Parent population is with 5kg/m 2After density was gone into the pond, the adaptation through 2~3 days began to ingest, and foodstuff is based on little yellow croaker, and day throwing amount of raising is 1.5%~3% of a fish body weight, and the day exchange capacity of flowing water is 3~5 full doses.
2), gonad development management: carrying out parent population gonad development administration period, except that the condition that satisfies daily management, some environmental conditions should be adjusted, wherein cultivate the pond for independently sealing or carrying out independently blocking, simultaneously apart from 1.2 meters of the water surface illuminating lamp is installed at the top, pond, making intensity of illumination is 500LUX, and light application time increased by 1 hour by per 4 days, by increasing to 16 hours every days 8 hours former every days gradually; Water temperature increased by 1 ℃ by per 5 days, progressively increased to 14 ℃ by former 8 ℃; Bait is with outside the little yellow croaker, and interpolation fish oil and soft phosphatide, and addition is 3~6 ‰ of day throwing abundance of food.
3, artificial orientation's mating:
Parent population is through continuous about 3 months regulation and control, can reach by stages, ripe in batches.Take during artificial insemination to carry out between different batches, same batch of parent population can not mating.
1), the mating principle: take to set up the family principle, can a hero female with the wherein raun mating of a collection of milter and other batches after parent population reaches maturity to one, also can a hero to how female, hatching is cultivated separately separately then.
2), artificial insemination method: at first will dry fish body and vessel, anti-sealing and excremental sneaking into.Then by 1 * 10 5The grain ovum adds the ratio of 1ml~5ml seminal fluid, and stirring fast fully contacts smart ovum, adds on a small quantity through precipitating the seawater of husky filter again, make the volume ratio of seminal fluid, ovum, water be about 0.5:100:100, continue to stir 1 minute, left standstill then 5 minutes, add seawater again, left standstill 10~15 minutes, treat imbibition after, flushing with clean water 1~2 time, put into the 2000ml graduated cylinder, with seawater come-up ovum and precipitation ovum are separated, record come-up ovum number, the ovum that floats are put into incubator and are hatched after sterilizing.
4, hatching:
1), hatching facility: 8 hatching net cages are put in 25m 2In the cement pit, the hatching net cage is 80cm * 60cm * 60cm, makes it to be floating state, and the hatching net cage surfaces 10 centimetres.
2), incubation condition: illuminance is 500 LUX; Water temperature is 12~15 ℃; Salinity is 28~35, pH7.8~8.5; Dissolved oxygen〉6mg/L, ammonia nitrogen<0.2mg/L.
3), hatching density: fertilized egg is by 30~600,000/m 3Density, put into 0.5~1m 3The hatching net cage in hatch.
4), hatching management: for keeping that sufficient oxygen is arranged in the hatchery, at first in the hatchery, keep circulation flowing water, and with the inflation of some gas charging stones, make that the level of dissolved oxygen remains on 6mg/L in the hatchery, settle 1 in gas stone in each incubator box central authorities, to keep miniflow water and water to flow, make the fertilized egg state that in water body, is evenly distributed.Every day, the internal circulating load of water remained on 2~3 full doses, the heavy ovum of sucking-off in time.
5, seed rearing:
During the seed rearing, adopt three kinds of different cultivation facilities, divide three different cultivation time periods to cultivate.
1), cultivate (before 30 days) early stage: (1) cultivates facility is that 1.8m, height are the 3m of 1.2m with 208, diameter 3The circular glass steel drum; (2) with the ovum cloth bucket of hatching by the 3rd day, density is 15000/barrel; (3) water temperature heats up by 0.5 ℃ of/day speed, rises to 18 ℃ gradually from 15 ℃; (4) bait is chlorella, wheel animalcule and halogen worm: the concentration of chlorella remains on ten thousand/ml of 8-10 in the water body; Wheel animalcule and halogen worm need to throw something and feed after the fortification, and the feeding volume wheel animalcule is thrown something and fed at every turn and makes water body wheel animalcule density reach 5/ml~10/ml, since 9~10 days artemia naupliis of throwing something and feeding, throws something and feeds continuously about 20 days; Throw something and feed every day 2 times~4 times, when throwing something and feeding at every turn in the water body halogen worm density by the beginning 0.1~0.2/ml, progressively increase to 1~2/ml; (5) quantity of exchanged water of perennial draingage was 5~6 circulation/day.(6) adopt special-purpose clear basic skill or training's tool (T-shaped dirt-absorber), the clear end 1~2 time general every day.
2), cultivate (30~60 days) mid-term: (1) cultivates facility is 10m 350 of cement pits; (2) cultivate the pond before transplanting seedlings and soaked about 1 day with bleaching liquid, after rinsing well, it is standby to add filtering sea, transplant seedlings the back its to cultivate density be 1500~2000 tails/m 2(3) temperature is 18 ℃ ± 1 ℃; (4) bait is young postlarva pellet, and particle diameter is 400~600 μ m, and day throwing amount of raising is 5%~15% of a fish body weight, throws something and feeds in time, should lack and throw diligent the throwing general 5~6 times/day; (5) quantity of exchanged water of perennial draingage was 6~8 circulation/day; (6) adopt special-purpose clear basic skill or training's tool (T-shaped dirt-absorber), the clear end 1 time general every day, fell the pond in 1 time/15 days.
3), the later stage is cultivated (after 60 days): (1) cultivates facility is 20~30m 330 of cement pits; (2) cultivate the pond before transplanting seedlings and soaked about 1 day with bleaching liquid, after rinsing well, it is standby to add filtering sea, cultivates by moving in the pond after the large, medium and small Three Estate branch specification again, and it cultivates density is 1000~2000 tails/m 2(3) temperature is 18 ℃ ± 1 ℃; (4) bait is young postlarva pellet, and particle diameter is about 800 μ m, and day throwing amount of raising is 5%~15% of a fish body weight, throws something and feeds in time, should lack the throwing duty and throw general 5~6 times/day; (5) quantity of exchanged water of perennial draingage was 8~10 circulation/day; (6) adopt special-purpose clear basic skill or training's tool (T-shaped dirt-absorber), the clear end 1 time general every day, fell the pond in 1 time/15 days.
6, commercial seedling:
Turbot seed rearing growing seedlings from the newly hatched larvae to the commercial specification approximately needs 80~90 days, and its specification reaches 5~6 centimeters and gets final product list marketing.
2006 and 2007 have been carried out production application in Shandong Province Huanghai Aquatic Products Co.,Ltd., Haiyang City choice seafood aquiculture field to the inventive method, cultivate high-quality turbot 3,280,000 tails altogether, adopt different germ plasm resources to carry out artificial orientation's mating and breeding method stage by stage, make inbred line numerical control system ≦ 0.005, the commercial seedling emergence rate is up to 46.8%, growth rate improves 36%, and albefaction rate is lower than 5%.Show that simultaneously these invention regulations for technical operation are simple, be fit to be applied to extensive seed and produce.

Claims (2)

1, a kind of high-efficient method for cultivating fry of turbot family is characterized in that its technology contents comprises: (1), parent population are selected, (2), parent fish rearing, (3), artificial orientation's mating, (4), hatching, (5), seed rearing, (6), commercial seedling;
(1), parent population is selected:
Choose 4~6 batches of germplasm parent populations that derive from Britain, France, Denmark, Spain, Norway and Chilean different batches, every batch of parent population quantity 50~80 tails, male female ratio is 1: 1 or 1: 1.5; 3 age~4 ages of raun, 3~5 kilograms of body weight, long 40~60 centimetres of body, 2~3 ages of milter, 2~3 kilograms of body weight, long 30~35 centimetres of body;
(2), parent fish rearing:
Daily management: water is the sand filtration seawater; Light daytime is 1000LUX~1500LUX, and be nature evening; Water temperature: 8~18 ℃, salinity: 28~35; PH7.8~8.5; Dissolved oxygen〉6mg/L; Ammonia nitrogen<0.2mg/L; The day exchange capacity of flowing water is 2~6 full doses; Parent fish rearing density is 5kg/m 2Or 1~1.5 tail/m 2Foodstuff is based on iced trash fish, and day throwing amount of raising is 1.5%~3% of a fish body weight;
The gonad development management: outside the corresponding conditions with daily management, its intensity of illumination should be adjusted to 300-600LUX; Light application time increased by 1 hour by per 4 days, by increasing to 16 hours every days 8 hours every days gradually; Water temperature increased by 1 ℃ by per 5 days, progressively increased to 14 ℃ by 8 ℃; Parent population bait adds fish oil and soft phosphatide again except that iced trash fish, addition is 3~6 ‰ of day throwing abundance of food;
(3), artificial orientation's mating:
Artificial insemination is carried out between different batches, and same batch of parent population can not mating, promptly uses the raun mating of wherein a collection of milter and other batches, and can a hero female or how female to one, hatching be cultivated separately separately then;
(4), hatching:
The hatching net cage is 80cm * 60cm * 60cm, and net cage is floating surfaces 10 centimetres in hatching; Illuminance: 300~1000LUX; Water temperature: 12~16 ℃;
(5), seed rearing:
Cultivate early stage: be 30 days, it cultivates facility is 3m 3Glass fibre reinforced plastic tub 200-220 is newly hatched larvae cloth bucket with hatching to the 3rd day ovum, and density is 15000/barrel; Water temperature heats up by 0.5 ℃ of/day speed, rises to 18 ℃ gradually from 15 ℃; Bait is chlorella, wheel animalcule and halogen worm, and the concentration of chlorella remains on ten thousand/ml of 8-10 in the water body; Wheel animalcule and halogen worm need to throw something and feed after the fortification, when throwing something and feeding at every turn in the water body wheel animalcule density be 5~10/ml, since 9~10 days artemia naupliis of throwing something and feeding, throw something and feed continuously about 20 days; Throw something and feed every day 2 times~4 times, when throwing something and feeding at every turn in the water body halogen worm density by the beginning 0.1~0.2/ml, progressively increase to 1~2/ml; The quantity of exchanged water of perennial draingage was 5~6 circulation/day;
Cultivate mid-term: be 30 days, it cultivates facility is 10m 350 of cement pits, cultivation density is 1500~2000 tails/m 2Water temperature is 18 ℃; Bait is microparticle bait, and particle diameter is 400~600 μ m, and day throwing amount of raising is 5%~15% of a fish body weight, throws something and feeds 5~6 times/day; The quantity of exchanged water of perennial draingage was 6~8 circulation/day;
Later stage cultivates: be 30 days, it cultivates facility is 20~30m 330 of cement pits, cultivation density is 1000~2000 tails/m 2, water temperature is 18 ℃; Bait is young postlarva particle granular bait for fish, and particle diameter is about 800 μ m, and day throwing amount of raising is 5%~15% of a fish body weight, throws something and feeds 5~6 times/day; The quantity of exchanged water of perennial draingage was 8~10 circulation/day;
(6), commercial seedling:
Turbot seed rearing growing seedlings from the newly hatched larvae to the commercial specification needs 80~90 days, and specification is 5~6 centimeters.
CN2009100140010A 2009-01-20 2009-01-20 High-efficient method for cultivating fry of turbot family Expired - Fee Related CN101473801B (en)

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101919360A (en) * 2010-08-31 2010-12-22 华南理工大学 Turbot fry breeding method
CN102475071A (en) * 2010-11-30 2012-05-30 城固汉源大鲵训繁有限公司 Non-dormancy high-yield standardized breeding technique for giant salamander
CN103168730A (en) * 2013-03-19 2013-06-26 大连海洋大学 Pacific codfish artificial hatching method
CN104488770A (en) * 2014-12-02 2015-04-08 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 Method for quickly breeding turbot genealogical fingerlings
CN106305522A (en) * 2016-08-23 2017-01-11 合肥申仁养殖有限公司 Artificial breeding method of turbots
CN116439150A (en) * 2023-06-14 2023-07-18 四川省畜牧科学研究院 Dry-wet piglet feeding system and feeding method

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CN1174674C (en) * 2001-11-16 2004-11-10 威海华信海珍品有限公司 Large brill natural spawning breeding method
CN1290407C (en) * 2004-08-16 2006-12-20 海阳市黄海水产有限公司 Fry culturing method for controlling albefaction rate of scophthalmus maximus
CN100388880C (en) * 2005-02-01 2008-05-21 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 Method for obtaining high quality fertilized egg of scophthatmus maximus
CN100388883C (en) * 2005-08-01 2008-05-21 海阳市黄海水产有限公司 Control method of year round turbot artificial spawning

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101919360A (en) * 2010-08-31 2010-12-22 华南理工大学 Turbot fry breeding method
CN102475071A (en) * 2010-11-30 2012-05-30 城固汉源大鲵训繁有限公司 Non-dormancy high-yield standardized breeding technique for giant salamander
CN103168730A (en) * 2013-03-19 2013-06-26 大连海洋大学 Pacific codfish artificial hatching method
CN103168730B (en) * 2013-03-19 2014-12-10 大连海洋大学 Pacific codfish artificial hatching method
CN104488770A (en) * 2014-12-02 2015-04-08 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 Method for quickly breeding turbot genealogical fingerlings
CN106305522A (en) * 2016-08-23 2017-01-11 合肥申仁养殖有限公司 Artificial breeding method of turbots
CN106305522B (en) * 2016-08-23 2019-07-16 合肥申仁养殖有限公司 A kind of artificial raise seedling method of more precious fishes
CN116439150A (en) * 2023-06-14 2023-07-18 四川省畜牧科学研究院 Dry-wet piglet feeding system and feeding method
CN116439150B (en) * 2023-06-14 2023-09-19 四川省畜牧科学研究院 Dry-wet piglet feeding system and feeding method

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