CN101472857B - 用于颗粒过滤器的含空心球体的连接水泥 - Google Patents
用于颗粒过滤器的含空心球体的连接水泥 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101472857B CN101472857B CN2007800227615A CN200780022761A CN101472857B CN 101472857 B CN101472857 B CN 101472857B CN 2007800227615 A CN2007800227615 A CN 2007800227615A CN 200780022761 A CN200780022761 A CN 200780022761A CN 101472857 B CN101472857 B CN 101472857B
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- cement
- weight
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- hollow ball
- mineral
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Abstract
本发明涉及将用于机动车辆内燃机的废气颗粒过滤器过滤体的多个过滤块固定在一起的连接水泥,所述水泥以相对于除可能的水和可能的矿物树脂之外的矿物材料重量的重量百分数表示包含:30-90%的碳化硅(SiC),至少3%的空心球体,以重量百分比表示并且对于至少99重量%的总量,所述空心球体包含20-99%的氧化硅(SiO2)和1-80%的氧化铝(Al2O3),以数目计至少80%的所述空心球体具有5-150μm的尺寸。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种水泥,特别涉及旨在用于将过滤体的多个过滤块固定在一起的连接水泥,该过滤体特别用于过滤机动车辆内燃机的废气颗粒,还特别涉及旨在构成这种过滤体的侧表面的外围涂层的水泥。本发明还涉及一种过滤体,所述过滤体包含固定在一起的多个过滤块,通过嵌入在所述过滤块之间并成形以与所述过滤块之间的所述废气的通路相对的连接体实现所述固定,其中由根据本发明的水泥或砂浆(mortar)获得所述连接体。
背景技术
在排放到大气之前,可以通过如图1和2所示的颗粒过滤器净化废气,这在现有技术中是已知的。在不同图中使用相同标记来表示相同或相似的元件。
颗粒过滤器1的示意图如下:图1是以根据图2中所示B-B剖面的横截面,而图2是以根据图1中所示A-A剖面的纵截面。
颗粒过滤器1常规地包含至少一个嵌入金属壳体5中的过滤体3,所述过滤体3长度为L。
过滤体3可以是单块的。然而,为改善其热机械耐受性,特别是在更生阶段期间,已证明其由多个块11(标记为11a-11i)的机加工和组件产生是有利的。
为了制造块11,将陶瓷材料(堇青石,碳化硅,...)挤压以形成多孔蜂窝状结构。挤压的多孔结构常规地具有长方体形状,并且在两个基本方形的上游面12和下游面13之间延伸,在所述上游面和下游面上开有多个临近的、直线型的且平行的通道14。
正如公知地,在挤压后,在上游面12或下游面13上分别通过上游塞子15s和下游塞子15e将挤压多孔结构交替地堵塞,以分别形成“出口通道”14s和“入口通道”14e类型的通道。在分别与上游塞子15s和下游塞子15e相对的出口通道14s和入口通道14e末端,出口通道14s和入口通道14e分别通过出口开口19s和入口开口19e向外敞开,并分别在下游面13和上游面12上延伸。因而,入口通道14e和出口通道14s限定了内部空间20e和20s,该内部空间20e和20s由侧壁22e和22s以及密封塞子15e和15s界定,且开口19s或19e分别向外敞开。两个临近的入口通道14e和出口通道14s通过它们侧壁22e和22s的共用部分处于流体连通。
借助由陶瓷水泥制成的连接体27通过粘结将块11a-11i组装在一起,该陶瓷水泥通常由氧化硅和/或碳化硅和/或氮化铝构成。然后,可以机加工由此构成的组件使其具有例如圆形的截面。优选地,还施加外围涂层27′或涂层以基本上覆盖过滤体的全部侧表面。结果是具有纵向轴C-C的圆柱形过滤体3,可以将其嵌入在壳体5中,对废气密闭的外围连接体28置于外部过滤块11a-11h或必要时涂层27′与壳体5之间。
如图2中的箭头指示,废气流F通过入口通道14e的开口19e进入过滤体3中,并穿过这些通道的过滤侧壁到达出口通道14s,然后经开口19s向外逸出。
在使用一段时间后,积聚在过滤体3的通道中的颗粒或“烟灰”因过滤体3而增加了压力损失,并因而改变了引擎的性能。因此,必须定期使过滤体再生,例如每500千米。
再生或“解堵塞”在于氧化烟尘。为此,必须将其加热到允许其起燃的温度。然后,过滤体3中的温度不均匀以及用于过滤块11a-11i和连接体27与28的材料性质上的可能差异可产生强的热机械应力,该应力能够在连接体和/或过滤块11a-11i中引起裂纹,降低颗粒过滤器1的使用寿命。
特别地,已知包含30-60重量%碳化硅的连接水泥。碳化硅具有高热导率,有利地使得能够均匀化热传递。然而,碳化硅具有相对高的膨胀系数。因此,必须限制这些连接水泥中的碳化硅含量以确保适于颗粒过滤器用途的热机械强度。
例如从EP 0,816,065可知,将陶瓷纤维加入到连接水泥中使得能够提高连接体的弹性,并因而提高组装的过滤体的热机械耐受性。该水泥中的碳化硅含量为3-80重量%。然而,存在陶瓷纤维在卫生和安全方面具有潜在的风险,并使得过滤体的循环使用更加困难。使用生物可溶(biosoluble)纤维可以限制该风险。然而,生物可溶纤维对热机械应力耐受性(特别是在高温下)的影响微弱。此外,加入纤维特别是同时减少粒料(非纤维颗粒)的存在,是特别昂贵的。
已知不含陶瓷纤维并存在大量的碳化硅的水泥特别用于过滤体的连接。这些水泥典型由下列组分制成:碳化硅粉末或微粒(grain)、用于冷固化的CaO铝酸盐型陶瓷粘结剂、以及高温下的陶瓷粘结相。然而,因CaO铝酸盐的存在使这些水泥遇热时具有较弱的难熔性,其在极端应力期间,特别是在完全再生期间弱化了连接体。
因为该碳化物细颗粒的存在,所以具有大量碳化硅的水泥在苛刻条件下(例如在高温下)存在着一定的氧化敏感性。水泥的部分氧化导致结晶氧化硅的形成,该结晶氧化硅影响水泥的热机械强度。
因此,需要能够有效地耐受与过滤内燃机(特别是柴油机)废气的应用相关的热机械应力的陶瓷水泥,该水泥具有高的碳化硅含量,而无陶瓷纤维,并且对氧化具有改善的耐受性。
发明内容
本发明的目的是满足这种需要。
依据本发明,通过如下方式实现该目的:借助于特别旨在将过滤体的多个过滤块固定在一起的水泥,该过滤体用于过滤机动车辆内燃机的废气颗粒,或用作这样过滤体的外围涂层,所述水泥包含下列成分,以相对于矿物材料(包括碳化硅)总重量(可能的水和可能的矿物树脂除外)的重量百分比表示,
-30-90%的碳化硅(SiC),
-至少3%,优选至少5%,且优选小于55%,更优选小于30%的空心球体。
以数目计,所述空心球体的至少80%具有5-150μm的尺寸。
优选地,空心球体是无机的,且优选以重量百分比计且对于至少99%的总量,包含20-99%的氧化硅(SiO2)和1-80%的氧化铝(Al2O3)。
除对热机械应力的良好耐受性之外,通过热处理依据本发明的陶瓷水泥获得的连接体或外围涂层因此具有对热疲劳的出色耐受性,即使不存在陶瓷纤维和/或具有高的碳化硅含量。另外,依据本发明的水泥对氧化具有改善的耐受性。
优选地,依据本发明的水泥还包含以下任选特性中的一种或多种:
-碳化硅以颗粒形式存在,所述颗粒的中值尺寸小于200μm,优选小于100μm。有利地,碳化硅改善了连接体遇热时的化学耐受性(特别是对于过滤器的环境)、热导率和刚度。
-该水泥包含,以相对于矿物材料(可能的水和可能的矿物树脂除外)重量的重量百分比表示,至少0.05%、优选至少0.1%、更优选至少0.2%,和/或小于5%的热固性树脂,以及可能具有的适当催化剂。有利地,热固性树脂的存在改善了连接体或外围涂层(特别是冷态时)的机械强度,其也有利地使得能够限制石灰基水硬粘结剂的量。因而,提高了连接体或外围涂层在过滤块应用中的寿命。此外,机械强度的这种改善能够在无需陶瓷纤维存在和/或提高碳化硅含量的情况下实现。
-热固性树脂选自:环氧树脂、有机硅树脂、聚酰亚胺树脂、酚醛树脂和聚酯树脂。
-该水泥不含陶瓷纤维。
-该水泥包含0.1-2重量%,优选小于0.5重量%的分散剂,以相对于矿物材料(可能的水和可能的矿物树脂除外)重量的重量百分数表示。
-所述碳化硅含量大于60%,以相对于矿物材料(可能的水和可能的矿物树脂除外)重量的重量百分数表示。
-碳化硅、氧化铝和氧化硅以至少80%,优选至少95%的量存在,以相对于矿物材料(可能的水和可能的矿物树脂除外)重量的重量百分数表示。
-该水泥包含小于0.5%的石灰(CaO)含量,以相对于矿物材料(可能的水和可能的矿物树脂除外)重量的重量百分数表示。有利地,该低的石灰含量不损害水泥的性能。
-该水泥具有的氧化铝(优选经煅烧)含量为5-25%,优选10-25%,和/或氧化硅(优选以氧化硅烟尘形式)的含量为1-15%,优选3-10%,以相对于矿物材料(可能的水和可能的矿物树脂除外)重量的重量百分数表示。
-该水泥的组成(不包括空心球体)包括:30-90%的碳化硅(SiC)含量,和/或1-50%的氧化铝(Al2O3)含量,和/或1-50%的氧化硅(SiO2)含量,以相对于矿物材料(可能的水和可能的矿物树脂除外)重量的重量百分数表示。
本发明还涉及由湿化依据本发明的干水泥获得的湿水泥或“砂浆”。
优选地,该砂浆具有的水含量小于40%和/或至少10%,优选至少15%,以相对于矿物材料(水和可能的矿物树脂除外)重量的重量百分数表示。
本发明还涉及一种过滤体,该过滤体特别用于机动车辆内燃机的废气颗粒过滤器,其包含固定在一起的多个过滤块,通过嵌入在所述过滤块之间并成形以便与所述过滤块之间的所述废气的通路相对的至少一个连接体实现所述固定。因为通过依据热处理本发明的水泥而获得连接体,所以该过滤体是出色的。
最后,本发明涉及一种过滤体,该过滤体特别用于机动车辆内燃机的废气颗粒过滤器,该过滤体为单块类型,或包含固定在一起的多个过滤块,通过嵌入在所述过滤块之间的至少一个连接体实现所述固定,包含通过热处理本发明的水泥获得的外围涂层。
“水泥”是指“可模制的”组合物,其是湿的或通过干燥的细粒混合物形成,能够在活化后凝固。
当水泥处于凝固过程时,认为其是活化的。常规地用水湿化水泥产生活化条件。这时获得了“湿水泥”或“砂浆”。
可以由树脂的干燥或例如硬化实现砂浆的凝固(硬化)。然后,“硬化的砂浆”可以经历温度的升高,特别是在热处理期间,这会导致水的完全蒸发。
“球体”是指具有球形的颗粒,即其最小直径和其最大直径之间的比率等于或大于0.75,不论怎样获得该球形。优选依据本发明使用的球体具有大于或等于0.8的球形度,优选大于或等于0.9。
当球体存在中心空腔时,该球体被称为“空心的”,所述空腔是封闭的或向外敞开的,其体积占空心球形颗粒总外部体积的至少50%。
球体或颗粒的“尺寸”是其最大尺度。
常规地,颗粒或一群微粒的混合物的“颗粒或微粒的中值尺寸”或者“颗粒或微粒的中值直径”是指将该混合物的颗粒或该群微粒分成数目上相等的第一和第二组的D50尺寸,这第一和第二组只包含分别具有比中值尺寸更大或更小的尺寸的颗粒或微粒。
“热固性树脂”是指在热处理(加热、辐射)或物理化学处理(催化、硬化剂)后能够转化成不熔且不溶材料的聚合物。因而,热固性材料随树脂的初次冷却而呈现其最终形状,而可逆性是不可能的。
最后,细长结构形式的“纤维”典型具有0.1-2μm的直径,并具有至多约1000μm的长度。
百分比以相对于矿物材料(包括碳化硅)总重量的重量百分数表示,可能的水和可能的矿物树脂除外。实际上,百分数因此如下表示:仅考虑由干混合物制成的基础矿物原材料,而不考虑矿物添加物,特别是可能的矿物树脂和水。这些基础原材料特别是碳化硅、矿物纤维、氧化硅、铝酸钙、空心球体、氧化铝,如下表1的顶部所示。
根据传统水泥制造方法制备依据本发明的水泥。
常规地将细粒材料混合直到获得均匀混合物。
这些细粒材料包括常规地用于制造旨在用于组装过滤块的耐火陶瓷连接体的水泥的所有原材料。优选地,碳化硅、氧化铝和氧化硅占水泥总重量的至少80%,优选至少95%。
优选地,水泥组合物(不包括空心球体)包括30-90%碳化硅、1-50%的氧化铝和1-50%的氧化硅,以相对于矿物材料(可能的水和可能的矿物树脂除外)重量的重量百分数表示,且优选对于约100%的总量。这些氧化硅和氧化铝的含量范围有利于水泥的使用和提高烧结后的机械强度。碳化硅的含量范围保证了良好的热导率。
依据本发明的优选实施方案,以相对于矿物材料(包括碳化硅)重量(可能的水和可能的矿物树脂除外)的重量百分数表示,该水泥包含:
-30-90%的碳化硅(SiC),
-至少3%、优选5-30%、至多55%的空心球体,以重量百分数表示且对于至少99%的总量,所述空心球体包含20-99%的氧化硅(SiO2)和1-80%氧化铝(Al2O3),并且以数目计至少80%的所述空心球体具有5-150μm的尺寸。
球体的壁优选是实心的或稍微多孔的,即其密度大于90%理论密度。
优选地,空心球体是通过熔融或燃烧原材料获得的球体,例如由通常随后时冷凝步骤的冶金方法产生的飞灰。
空心球体是例如从Enviro-spheres以名称“E-spheres”购得的那些空心球体,其具有60%SiO2和40%Al2O3的典型化学组成。常规地将其用于改善涂料或土木工程混凝土的流变能力,或用以构成矿物填料以降低塑料产品的成本。
优选地,球体的中值尺寸D球体和碳化硅颗粒的中值尺寸Dsic之间的比率R(=D球体/Dsic)大于0.1,优选大于0.2,更优选大于0.5和/或小于30,优选小于10,更优选小于2。0.6和1.9之间的比率R似乎特别适合于所关注的应用。这样的比率实际上改善了抗氧化性,同时保证了令人满意的致密度和孔隙率。
在一个依据本发明的实施方案中,空心球体的中值尺寸优选大于80μm,优选大于100μm和/或小于160μm,更优选小于140μm。空心球体的中值尺寸更优选约120μm。
在一个优选实施方案中,可以根据以下两种粒级分布空心球体,对于100重量%的总量:
-占空心球体70重量%的粒级,且具有的中值尺寸大于110μm,优选大于120μm,和/或小于150μm,优选小于140微米,优选约130μm,以及
-占空心球体30重量%的粒级,且具有的中值尺寸大于35μm,优选大于40μm,和/或小于55μm,优选小于50微米,优选约45μm。
更优选地,碳化硅颗粒的中值尺寸大于20μm,优选大于45μm,更优选大于60μm,和/或小于150μm,优选小于120μm,更优选小于100μm。
优选地,在该水泥制造步骤期间将热固性树脂以粉末形式加入。
选择依据本发明使用的热固性树脂,以便在预定条件下硬化,并且在过滤体的使用和再生期间不会熔化。因此在过滤体的整个使用寿命期间,热固性树脂改善了连接体对热机械应力的强度。
根据应用,在环境温度下例如在添加催化剂之后、在干燥温度下或在热处理温度下的树脂硬化可能是有利的。
优选地,热固性树脂在其硬化之前还表现出粘性。因而在热处理之前,其有利于水泥的放置和其形状的保持。优选地,对于12s-1的剪切梯度,采用Haake VT550粘度计测得该热固性树脂具有小于50Pa.s的粘度。优选地,其在环境温度下必须是水溶性的。
热固性树脂可以按粉末形式或以依据本发明的砂浆以液体形式存在于依据本发明的水泥中,其中优选粉末形式。
优选地,水泥包含大于60%的碳化硅,以相对于矿物材料(可能的水和可能的矿物树脂除外)重量的重量百分数表示。实际上,热固性树脂有利地使得能够将碳化硅的含量增加到大于60%的含量,同时保持令人满意的热机械强度。因此在过滤体循环使用期间有利于提取贵金属。还简化了碳化硅的重复利用。
为促进循环使用,还优选水泥不含有陶瓷纤维。
在依据本发明的水泥中存在热固性树脂有利地使得能够限制用于冷固化的陶瓷粘结剂的含量。因此,经热处理的水泥可以具有小于0.5%的CaO含量,以重量百分比表示。由此有利地限制了由CaO引起的弱化。优选地,依据本发明的水泥不包含CaO。
优选地,水泥还包含0.1-0.5重量%的分散剂,以相对于水泥总重量的重量百分比表示。分散剂可以例如选自碱金属多磷酸盐或甲基丙烯酸盐衍生物。可以是所有已知的分散剂:纯离子的例如HMPNa、纯空间的例如聚甲基丙烯酸钠类型、或离子和空间的结合类型。分散剂的添加使得能够更好地分散细颗粒(具有小于50μm的尺寸),并因此有利于连接体的机械耐受性。
优选地,将分散剂或“抗絮凝剂”以粉末形式加入水泥中。
除了上述的组分,依据本发明的水泥还可以按本领域技术人员公知的比例包含一种或多种常规使用的成形或烧结添加剂。作为可以使用的添加剂的例子,可以按非限制性方式提及:
-有机临时粘结剂(即在热处理期间被完全或部分除去),例如树脂、纤维素或木纤维质衍生物如羧甲基纤维素、糊精、聚乙烯醇等;
-化学固化剂,诸如磷酸、一磷酸铝等;
-烧结促进剂,诸如二氧化钛或氢氧化镁;
-成形剂,诸如钙或镁的硬脂酸盐。
以可变的比例将成形或烧结添加剂加入,但可变的比例必须足够小以致不会显著改变作为本发明水泥或砂浆特征的各种组分的重量比例。
获得的混合物构成了依据本发明的去活化水泥,并且可以被调节和出售。优选地,该混合物含有多种必要粉末状添加剂中的至少一部分。在制备砂浆的较后步骤期间,可以按任何方式加入部分所述粉末状添加剂。
在最后步骤中,常规地将水加入细粒混合物中。优选地,加入小于40%,和/或至少10%,优选至少15%的水,以相对于水泥矿物重量(可能的水和可能的矿物树脂除外)的重量百分数表示。优选地,将树脂溶解在水中以降低其粘度,然后将该混合物加入到细粒混合物中。
也可以在该步骤期间加入树脂的催化剂以加速树脂的凝固。可以使催化剂例如糠醇或尿素适于每种树脂,这是本领域技术人员公知的。
然后捏和湿的混合物直到获得基本均匀的浆状砂浆。水的加入活化了依据本发明的水泥,即,开始了其凝固过程。然后,可以将获得的砂浆嵌入到过滤体的过滤块之间或过滤体的外围。
常规地,在将砂浆置于过滤块之间后,砂浆在优选100-200℃的温度下对其干燥,优选在空气中或湿气受控的气氛下,优选使得残余湿气保持在0-20%。常规地,根据连接体的样式,干燥持续时间为15分钟到24小时。
然后,可以将干燥的砂浆热硬化。该热处理导致砂浆的固结。热处理常规是这样的烧制:优选在氧化气氛中,在400-1200℃下进行以形成具有足够耐受性的连接体。这种热处理操作是本领域技术人员所公知的。其通常伴随孔隙率的降低和尺寸的收缩。从冷到冷的烧制持续时间通常约1-20小时,该持续时间根据材料以及要制造的耐火连接体的尺寸和形状而变化。
根据使用的树脂,可以在环境温度下、在优选的干燥温度下、在热处理温度下进行可能的树脂的硬化,或者可能需要辐射例如使用紫外线,或补充加热。
已证明,依据本发明的水泥不但适于将旨在用于过滤机动车辆内燃机废气的过滤体的过滤块固定在一起,还能够形成常规地位于过滤体外围侧表面上的外围涂层。因此,本发明还涉及依据本发明的水泥用于构成过滤体的外围侧涂层的用途,不论该过滤块是单块的(即未组装的)还是相反地由多个过滤块组装在一起构成的。本发明特别涉及这样的过滤体:包含通过由依据本发明的水泥获得的连接体固定在一起的多个过滤块,以及该过滤体的外围侧表面覆盖有由同样水泥获得的涂层。
具体实施方式
基于纯粹说明性而非限制性目的,提供了表1和2示出的以下实施例。
依据传统程序在行星式非加强型搅拌机中制备测试的水泥,包括:
-将粉末与微粒以及必要时的分散剂干捏和2分钟,然后,
-添加水和可能的粘结剂(聚糖)以及必要时的催化剂,然后,
-捏和10分钟直到获得对于砂浆应用足够的粘稠度。
对照物1、2和3(“对照物1”、“对照物2”和“对照物3”)涉及依据现有技术的水泥。对照物2对应于依据EP 0,816,065实施例1的纤维水泥。
实施例1-4是依据本发明的水泥。
在120℃下干燥表1所述的砂浆样品12小时,然后在800℃在空气中热处理(2小时的阶段)。然后根据ISO5017标准测量开放孔隙率。
然后对在120℃干燥并粉碎成粉末的水泥样品进行化学分析,根据化学分析的准备操作将其在空气中在750℃下预煅烧约0.5小时,这是本领域技术人员公知的。更特别地,通过LECO测量SiC的含量。
表1的上部提供了由各种测试水泥的干混合物制得的基础原材料的组成,以重量百分比表示。以相对于所述原材料的总重量的百分数表示“添加量”和特别是添加用于活化这些水泥和树脂的水量。
表1
表1(续)
表1还概述了预处理的水泥的各种表征测试的结果,根据1450℃下在空气中对在800℃预烧制的水泥样品进行的氧化测试进行所述测试。
表1示出了由依据本发明的水泥或砂浆获得的经热处理的材料的性质:具有基本相同的组成,从将空心球体加入到混合物中时刻起得到改善的抗氧化性。
然而,比率R的提高限制了球体的添加对抗氧化性的作用,如实施例6所示。因而优选比率R小于30。
当然,本发明不局限于所述的实施方案,仅出于说明性目的而非限制性目的提供所述实施方案。
特别地,不排除粘土和陶瓷纤维的存在。依据本发明的水泥还可以含有水溶性纤维。
Claims (25)
1.一种水泥,该水泥旨在将用于过滤机动车辆内燃机废气颗粒的过滤体的多个过滤块固定在一起,或有待用作这种过滤体的外围涂层,所述水泥以相对于除可能的水和可能的矿物树脂之外的矿物材料重量的重量百分数表示包含:
-30-90%的碳化硅(SiC),
-至少3%的空心球体,
以数目计至少80%的所述空心球体具有5-150μm的尺寸。
2.依据权利要求1的水泥,以重量百分比表示且对于至少99%的总量,所述空心球体包含20-99%的氧化硅(SiO2)和1-80%的氧化铝(Al2O3)。
3.依据权利要求1所述的水泥,包含至少5%的所述空心球体,以相对于除可能的水和可能的矿物树脂之外的矿物材料重量的重量百分数表示。
4.依据权利要求1所述的水泥,包含小于0.5%的石灰(CaO)含量,以相对于除可能的水和可能的矿物树脂之外的矿物材料重量的重量百分数表示。
5.依据权利要求1所述的水泥,其中碳化硅以颗粒形式存在,其中值尺寸小于200μm。
6.依据权利要求1所述的水泥,包含至少0.05%并且小于5%的热固性树脂,以相对于除可能的水和可能的矿物树脂之外的矿物材料重量的重量百分数表示。
7.依据权利要求1所述的水泥,包含大于60%的所述碳化硅,并且包含小于30%的所述空心球体,以相对于除可能的水和可能的矿物树脂之外的矿物材料重量的重量百分数表示。
8.依据权利要求1所述的水泥,不含陶瓷纤维。
9.依据权利要求1所述的水泥,其中碳化硅、氧化铝和氧化硅占至少95%,以相对于除可能的水和可能的矿物树脂之外的矿物材料重量的重量百分数表示。
10.依据权利要求1所述的水泥,包含小于40%的水含量,以相对于除可能的水和可能的矿物树脂之外的矿物材料重量的重量百分数表示。
11.依据权利要求1所述的水泥,不包括所述空心球体在内,所述水泥还包含:1-50%的氧化铝(Al2O3)含量,和/或1-50%的氧化硅(SiO2)含量,以相对于除可能的水和可能的矿物树脂之外的矿物材料重量的重量百分数表示。
12.依据权利要求1所述的水泥,空心球体的中值尺寸和碳化硅颗粒的中值尺寸之间的比率(R)大于0.1并且小于30。
13.依据权利要求12所述的水泥,其中所述比率(R)大于0.2且小于10。
14.依据权利要求13所述的水泥,其中所述比率(R)大于0.5且小于2。
15.依据权利要求14所述的水泥,其中所述比率(R)为0.6-1.9。
16.依据权利要求1所述的水泥,其中所述空心球体的中值尺寸为80-160μm和/或碳化硅颗粒的中值尺寸为50-150μm。
17.依据权利要求16所述的水泥,其中所述空心球体的中值尺寸为100-140μm和/或碳化硅颗粒的中值尺寸为80-100μm。
18.依据权利要求1所述的水泥,其中对于100重量%的总量,所述空心球体可以依据两种以下粒级分布:
-占空心球体70重量%的第一粒级,具有大于110μm且小于150μm的中值尺寸,以及
-占空心球体30重量%的第二粒级,具有大于35μm且小于55μm的中值尺寸。
19.根据权利要求7的水泥,不包含陶瓷纤维。
20.根据权利要求19的水泥,包含至少0.05且小于5%的热固性树脂,以相对于除可能的水和可能的矿物树脂之外的矿物材料重量的重量百分比表示。
21.依据权利要求20所述的水泥,包含小于0.5%的石灰(CaO)含量,以相对于除可能的水和可能的矿物树脂之外的矿物材料重量的重量百分数表示。
22.一种过滤体,其用于机动车辆内燃机的废气颗粒过滤器,该过滤体包含固定在一起的多个过滤块,通过嵌入在所述过滤块之间并成形以便与所述过滤块之间的所述废气通路相对的至少一个连接体实现所述固定,其中
通过对根据权利要求1的水泥的热处理获得连接体,和/或
过滤体包含通过热处理权利要求1的水泥获得的外围涂层(27’)。
23.一种单块过滤体,其特别用于机动车辆内燃机的废气颗粒过滤器,所述单块过滤体包含通过热处理权利要求1的水泥获得的外围涂层(27’)。
24.依据权利要求1所述的水泥,该水泥不含任何胶状氧化硅。
25.依据权利要求1所述的水泥,其中所述空心球体的中值尺寸与所述碳化硅颗粒的中值尺寸之间的比率(R)小于30,所述空心球体是无机的。
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FR0605437A FR2902424B1 (fr) | 2006-06-19 | 2006-06-19 | Ciment de jointoiement a spheres creuses pour filtre a particules. |
FR0605437 | 2006-06-19 | ||
PCT/FR2007/051459 WO2007148011A2 (fr) | 2006-06-19 | 2007-06-19 | Ciment de jointoiement a spheres creuses pour filtre a particules |
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CN101472857A CN101472857A (zh) | 2009-07-01 |
CN101472857B true CN101472857B (zh) | 2013-04-10 |
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US (1) | US8388720B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP2029501A2 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP5485691B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR20090023494A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN101472857B (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2655613A1 (zh) |
FR (1) | FR2902424B1 (zh) |
MA (1) | MA30517B1 (zh) |
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JP5844672B2 (ja) | 2012-03-28 | 2016-01-20 | 日本碍子株式会社 | ハニカム構造体 |
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US8915997B2 (en) | 2013-05-16 | 2014-12-23 | Navs, Llc | Durable concrete and method for producing the same |
WO2017209192A1 (ja) | 2016-06-01 | 2017-12-07 | オートリブ ディベロップメント エービー | 乗員保護装置 |
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WO2019087698A1 (ja) | 2017-11-02 | 2019-05-09 | オートリブ ディベロップメント エービー | サイドエアバッグ装置 |
KR102409213B1 (ko) | 2018-01-11 | 2022-06-15 | 아우토리브 디벨롭먼트 아베 | 승차인 보호 장치 |
KR102206666B1 (ko) | 2018-01-15 | 2021-01-22 | 오토리브 디벨로프먼트 에이비 | 사이드 에어백 장치 및 이것을 구비한 차량용 시트 |
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JP6982562B2 (ja) | 2018-01-26 | 2021-12-17 | オートリブ ディベロップメント エービー | サイドエアバッグ装置 |
CN111918795B (zh) | 2018-04-05 | 2022-11-01 | 奥托立夫开发公司 | 侧面安全气囊装置以及具有该装置的车辆用座椅 |
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KR20090023494A (ko) | 2009-03-04 |
MX2008015390A (es) | 2008-12-15 |
WO2007148011A3 (fr) | 2008-03-20 |
MA30517B1 (fr) | 2009-06-01 |
CA2655613A1 (fr) | 2007-12-27 |
US20100024368A1 (en) | 2010-02-04 |
RU2009101003A (ru) | 2010-07-27 |
WO2007148011A2 (fr) | 2007-12-27 |
EP2029501A2 (fr) | 2009-03-04 |
FR2902424A1 (fr) | 2007-12-21 |
JP2009541192A (ja) | 2009-11-26 |
JP5485691B2 (ja) | 2014-05-07 |
FR2902424B1 (fr) | 2008-10-17 |
CN101472857A (zh) | 2009-07-01 |
RU2437863C2 (ru) | 2011-12-27 |
US8388720B2 (en) | 2013-03-05 |
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