CN101466709A - 具有nos抑制活性的1,5和3,6-取代的吲哚化合物 - Google Patents
具有nos抑制活性的1,5和3,6-取代的吲哚化合物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101466709A CN101466709A CNA2007800222857A CN200780022285A CN101466709A CN 101466709 A CN101466709 A CN 101466709A CN A2007800222857 A CNA2007800222857 A CN A2007800222857A CN 200780022285 A CN200780022285 A CN 200780022285A CN 101466709 A CN101466709 A CN 101466709A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- optionally substituted
- compound
- group
- carbon atoms
- alkyl
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 title description 7
- 150000002475 indoles Chemical class 0.000 title 1
- 102000008299 Nitric Oxide Synthase Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 108010021487 Nitric Oxide Synthase Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 208000002193 Pain Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 208000019695 Migraine disease Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 206010027599 migraine Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 108010008858 Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 102000006538 Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 208000004454 Hyperalgesia Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 206010064012 Central pain syndrome Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 208000004296 neuralgia Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 208000021722 neuropathic pain Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 206010053552 allodynia Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 208000000094 Chronic Pain Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 206010019196 Head injury Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 206010063837 Reperfusion injury Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- KRQUFUKTQHISJB-YYADALCUSA-N 2-[(E)-N-[2-(4-chlorophenoxy)propoxy]-C-propylcarbonimidoyl]-3-hydroxy-5-(thian-3-yl)cyclohex-2-en-1-one Chemical compound CCC\C(=N/OCC(C)OC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1)C1=C(O)CC(CC1=O)C1CCCSC1 KRQUFUKTQHISJB-YYADALCUSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 232
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 162
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 154
- -1 5-substituted indole Chemical class 0.000 claims description 153
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 82
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 67
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 63
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 63
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 53
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 46
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 43
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 37
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 32
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 31
- QZAYGJVTTNCVMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N serotonin Chemical compound C1=C(O)C=C2C(CCN)=CNC2=C1 QZAYGJVTTNCVMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000005557 antagonist Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- BQJCRHHNABKAKU-KBQPJGBKSA-N morphine Chemical compound O([C@H]1[C@H](C=C[C@H]23)O)C4=C5[C@@]12CCN(C)[C@@H]3CC5=CC=C4O BQJCRHHNABKAKU-KBQPJGBKSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 22
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000556 agonist Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 208000023105 Huntington disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 18
- 108010075520 Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III Proteins 0.000 claims description 18
- 108010076864 Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II Proteins 0.000 claims description 16
- 102000011779 Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II Human genes 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000935 antidepressant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229940005513 antidepressants Drugs 0.000 claims description 15
- 208000035475 disorder Diseases 0.000 claims description 15
- KQKPFRSPSRPDEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N sumatriptan Chemical compound CNS(=O)(=O)CC1=CC=C2NC=C(CCN(C)C)C2=C1 KQKPFRSPSRPDEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229960003708 sumatriptan Drugs 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000005119 alkyl cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 14
- 208000035154 Hyperesthesia Diseases 0.000 claims description 13
- 208000006011 Stroke Diseases 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000001684 chronic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 206010029350 Neurotoxicity Diseases 0.000 claims description 12
- 206010044221 Toxic encephalopathy Diseases 0.000 claims description 12
- 229960005181 morphine Drugs 0.000 claims description 12
- 231100000228 neurotoxicity Toxicity 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000007135 neurotoxicity Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 229940002612 prodrug Drugs 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000651 prodrug Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 206010002026 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Diseases 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 206010015037 epilepsy Diseases 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 claims description 10
- 208000024827 Alzheimer disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 9
- 241000124008 Mammalia Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 208000018737 Parkinson disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 9
- 208000008548 Tension-Type Headache Diseases 0.000 claims description 9
- 229940021182 non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug Drugs 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229960001252 methamphetamine Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- MYWUZJCMWCOHBA-VIFPVBQESA-N methamphetamine Chemical compound CN[C@@H](C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 MYWUZJCMWCOHBA-VIFPVBQESA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003703 n methyl dextro aspartic acid receptor blocking agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000000926 neurological effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 208000019901 Anxiety disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 7
- 108091006146 Channels Proteins 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011203 carbon fibre reinforced carbon Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 206010007625 cardiogenic shock Diseases 0.000 claims description 7
- 206010013663 drug dependence Diseases 0.000 claims description 7
- 102000009346 Adenosine receptors Human genes 0.000 claims description 6
- 108050000203 Adenosine receptors Proteins 0.000 claims description 6
- 208000006096 Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity Diseases 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000282414 Homo sapiens Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 208000028017 Psychotic disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000036506 anxiety Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000003435 aroyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- OROGSEYTTFOCAN-DNJOTXNNSA-N codeine Chemical compound C([C@H]1[C@H](N(CC[C@@]112)C)C3)=C[C@H](O)[C@@H]1OC1=C2C3=CC=C1OC OROGSEYTTFOCAN-DNJOTXNNSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- XYYVYLMBEZUESM-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydrocodeine Natural products C1C(N(CCC234)C)C2C=CC(=O)C3OC2=C4C1=CC=C2OC XYYVYLMBEZUESM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- OROGSEYTTFOCAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrocodone Natural products C1C(N(CCC234)C)C2C=CC(O)C3OC2=C4C1=CC=C2OC OROGSEYTTFOCAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003551 muscarinic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 208000011117 substance-related disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 6
- 208000036864 Attention deficit/hyperactivity disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 208000007342 Diabetic Nephropathies Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- XADCESSVHJOZHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Meperidine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C1(C(=O)OCC)CCN(C)CC1 XADCESSVHJOZHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 208000015802 attention deficit-hyperactivity disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- XLMALTXPSGQGBX-GCJKJVERSA-N dextropropoxyphene Chemical compound C([C@](OC(=O)CC)([C@H](C)CN(C)C)C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 XLMALTXPSGQGBX-GCJKJVERSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229960004193 dextropropoxyphene Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 208000033679 diabetic kidney disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 229960000482 pethidine Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229960000425 rizatriptan Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- TXHZXHICDBAVJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N rizatriptan Chemical compound C=1[C]2C(CCN(C)C)=CN=C2C=CC=1CN1C=NC=N1 TXHZXHICDBAVJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 206010065040 AIDS dementia complex Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 102000004257 Potassium Channel Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003110 anti-inflammatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003416 antiarrhythmic agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001961 anticonvulsive agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960002428 fentanyl Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 208000027866 inflammatory disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 201000006417 multiple sclerosis Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- UNHGSHHVDNGCFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N naratriptan Chemical compound C=12[CH]C(CCS(=O)(=O)NC)=CC=C2N=CC=1C1CCN(C)CC1 UNHGSHHVDNGCFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960005254 naratriptan Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007170 pathology Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 108020001213 potassium channel Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000018 receptor agonist Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940044601 receptor agonist Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 208000020431 spinal cord injury Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960001360 zolmitriptan Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- ZGGHKIMDNBDHJB-NRFPMOEYSA-M (3R,5S)-fluvastatin sodium Chemical compound [Na+].C12=CC=CC=C2N(C(C)C)C(\C=C\[C@@H](O)C[C@@H](O)CC([O-])=O)=C1C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 ZGGHKIMDNBDHJB-NRFPMOEYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- TVYLLZQTGLZFBW-ZBFHGGJFSA-N (R,R)-tramadol Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC([C@]2(O)[C@H](CCCC2)CN(C)C)=C1 TVYLLZQTGLZFBW-ZBFHGGJFSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- USSIQXCVUWKGNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(CC(C)N(C)C)(C(=O)CC)C1=CC=CC=C1 USSIQXCVUWKGNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 206010003791 Aura Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- JAQUASYNZVUNQP-USXIJHARSA-N Levorphanol Chemical compound C1C2=CC=C(O)C=C2[C@]23CCN(C)[C@H]1[C@@H]2CCCC3 JAQUASYNZVUNQP-USXIJHARSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- GNJCUHZOSOYIEC-GAROZEBRSA-N Morphine-6-glucuronide Chemical compound O([C@H]1C=C[C@H]2[C@H]3CC=4C5=C(C(=CC=4)O)O[C@@H]1[C@]52CCN3C)[C@@H]1O[C@H](C(O)=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O GNJCUHZOSOYIEC-GAROZEBRSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- IDBPHNDTYPBSNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-(1-(2-(4-Ethyl-5-oxo-2-tetrazolin-1-yl)ethyl)-4-(methoxymethyl)-4-piperidyl)propionanilide Chemical compound C1CN(CCN2C(N(CC)N=N2)=O)CCC1(COC)N(C(=O)CC)C1=CC=CC=C1 IDBPHNDTYPBSNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 102000019315 Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 108050006807 Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- BRUQQQPBMZOVGD-XFKAJCMBSA-N Oxycodone Chemical compound O=C([C@@H]1O2)CC[C@@]3(O)[C@H]4CC5=CC=C(OC)C2=C5[C@@]13CCN4C BRUQQQPBMZOVGD-XFKAJCMBSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- UQCNKQCJZOAFTQ-ISWURRPUSA-N Oxymorphone Chemical compound O([C@H]1C(CC[C@]23O)=O)C4=C5[C@@]12CCN(C)[C@@H]3CC5=CC=C4O UQCNKQCJZOAFTQ-ISWURRPUSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZTVQQQVZCWLTDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Remifentanil Chemical compound C1CN(CCC(=O)OC)CCC1(C(=O)OC)N(C(=O)CC)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZTVQQQVZCWLTDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960001391 alfentanil Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001430 anti-depressive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003556 anti-epileptic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- RMRJXGBAOAMLHD-IHFGGWKQSA-N buprenorphine Chemical compound C([C@]12[C@H]3OC=4C(O)=CC=C(C2=4)C[C@@H]2[C@]11CC[C@]3([C@H](C1)[C@](C)(O)C(C)(C)C)OC)CN2CC1CC1 RMRJXGBAOAMLHD-IHFGGWKQSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960001736 buprenorphine Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- IFKLAQQSCNILHL-QHAWAJNXSA-N butorphanol Chemical compound N1([C@@H]2CC3=CC=C(C=C3[C@@]3([C@]2(CCCC3)O)CC1)O)CC1CCC1 IFKLAQQSCNILHL-QHAWAJNXSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960001113 butorphanol Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960004126 codeine Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- WDEFBBTXULIOBB-WBVHZDCISA-N dextilidine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1[C@@]1(C(=O)OCC)CCC=C[C@H]1N(C)C WDEFBBTXULIOBB-WBVHZDCISA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- INUNXTSAACVKJS-OAQYLSRUSA-N dextromoramide Chemical compound C([C@@H](C)C(C(=O)N1CCCC1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)N1CCOCC1 INUNXTSAACVKJS-OAQYLSRUSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960003701 dextromoramide Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960003461 dezocine Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- VTMVHDZWSFQSQP-VBNZEHGJSA-N dezocine Chemical compound C1CCCC[C@H]2CC3=CC=C(O)C=C3[C@]1(C)[C@H]2N VTMVHDZWSFQSQP-VBNZEHGJSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RBOXVHNMENFORY-DNJOTXNNSA-N dihydrocodeine Chemical compound C([C@H]1[C@H](N(CC[C@@]112)C)C3)C[C@H](O)[C@@H]1OC1=C2C3=CC=C1OC RBOXVHNMENFORY-DNJOTXNNSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960000920 dihydrocodeine Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- HYPPXZBJBPSRLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenoxylate Chemical compound C1CC(C(=O)OCC)(C=2C=CC=CC=2)CCN1CCC(C#N)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 HYPPXZBJBPSRLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960004192 diphenoxylate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960002472 eletriptan Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- OTLDLQZJRFYOJR-LJQANCHMSA-N eletriptan Chemical group CN1CCC[C@@H]1CC1=CN=C2[C]1C=C(CCS(=O)(=O)C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=C2 OTLDLQZJRFYOJR-LJQANCHMSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- CAHCBJPUTCKATP-FAWZKKEFSA-N etorphine Chemical compound O([C@H]1[C@@]2(OC)C=C[C@@]34C[C@@H]2[C@](C)(O)CCC)C2=C5[C@]41CCN(C)[C@@H]3CC5=CC=C2O CAHCBJPUTCKATP-FAWZKKEFSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229950004155 etorphine Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960003765 fluvastatin Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- LLPOLZWFYMWNKH-CMKMFDCUSA-N hydrocodone Chemical compound C([C@H]1[C@H](N(CC[C@@]112)C)C3)CC(=O)[C@@H]1OC1=C2C3=CC=C1OC LLPOLZWFYMWNKH-CMKMFDCUSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960000240 hydrocodone Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- WVLOADHCBXTIJK-YNHQPCIGSA-N hydromorphone Chemical compound O([C@H]1C(CC[C@H]23)=O)C4=C5[C@@]12CCN(C)[C@@H]3CC5=CC=C4O WVLOADHCBXTIJK-YNHQPCIGSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960001410 hydromorphone Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- USSIQXCVUWKGNF-QGZVFWFLSA-N levomethadone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C[C@@H](C)N(C)C)(C(=O)CC)C1=CC=CC=C1 USSIQXCVUWKGNF-QGZVFWFLSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960002710 levomethadone Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960003406 levorphanol Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- JLICHNCFTLFZJN-HNNXBMFYSA-N meptazinol Chemical compound C=1C=CC(O)=CC=1[C@@]1(CC)CCCCN(C)C1 JLICHNCFTLFZJN-HNNXBMFYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960000365 meptazinol Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960001797 methadone Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- NETZHAKZCGBWSS-CEDHKZHLSA-N nalbuphine Chemical compound C([C@]12[C@H]3OC=4C(O)=CC=C(C2=4)C[C@@H]2[C@]1(O)CC[C@@H]3O)CN2CC1CCC1 NETZHAKZCGBWSS-CEDHKZHLSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960000805 nalbuphine Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- UZHSEJADLWPNLE-GRGSLBFTSA-N naloxone Chemical compound O=C([C@@H]1O2)CC[C@@]3(O)[C@H]4CC5=CC=C(O)C2=C5[C@@]13CCN4CC=C UZHSEJADLWPNLE-GRGSLBFTSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960004127 naloxone Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960002085 oxycodone Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960005118 oxymorphone Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- VOKSWYLNZZRQPF-GDIGMMSISA-N pentazocine Chemical compound C1C2=CC=C(O)C=C2[C@@]2(C)[C@@H](C)[C@@H]1N(CC=C(C)C)CC2 VOKSWYLNZZRQPF-GDIGMMSISA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960005301 pentazocine Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960003394 remifentanil Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003890 substance P antagonist Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960001402 tilidine Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960004380 tramadol Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- TVYLLZQTGLZFBW-GOEBONIOSA-N tramadol Natural products COC1=CC=CC([C@@]2(O)[C@@H](CCCC2)CN(C)C)=C1 TVYLLZQTGLZFBW-GOEBONIOSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- LLPOLZWFYMWNKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-dihydrocodeinone Natural products C1C(N(CCC234)C)C2CCC(=O)C3OC2=C4C1=CC=C2OC LLPOLZWFYMWNKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003412 4 aminobutyric acid B receptor blocking agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- OOXNYFKPOPJIOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-(3-bromophenyl)-7-(6-morpholin-4-ylpyridin-3-yl)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-amine;dihydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.Cl.C=12C(N)=NC=NC2=NC(C=2C=NC(=CC=2)N2CCOCC2)=CC=1C1=CC=CC(Br)=C1 OOXNYFKPOPJIOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000775 AMPA receptor antagonist Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940098747 AMPA receptor antagonist Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- OIRDTQYFTABQOQ-KQYNXXCUSA-N Adenosine Natural products C1=NC=2C(N)=NC=NC=2N1[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O OIRDTQYFTABQOQ-KQYNXXCUSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 102100032534 Adenosine kinase Human genes 0.000 claims description 2
- 108010076278 Adenosine kinase Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002126 C01EB10 - Adenosine Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 102000007008 Intermediate-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels Human genes 0.000 claims description 2
- 108010033149 Intermediate-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 108010006746 KCNQ2 Potassium Channel Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940127492 Kainate Receptor Antagonists Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940126083 M3 antagonist Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 102000002582 Small-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels Human genes 0.000 claims description 2
- 108010093479 Small-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 108010025083 TRPV1 receptor Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960005305 adenosine Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002487 adenosine deaminase inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000384 adrenergic alpha-2 receptor agonist Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003288 anthiarrhythmic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003557 cannabinoid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930003827 cannabinoid Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- RDOIQAHITMMDAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N loperamide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C(=O)N(C)C)CCN(CC1)CCC1(O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 RDOIQAHITMMDAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960001571 loperamide Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000626 neurodegenerative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002777 nucleoside Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004031 partial agonist Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004036 potassium channel stimulating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003107 substituted aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005346 substituted cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- KNJNGVKTAFTUFL-OCMUWRIYSA-N ω-conotoxin Chemical compound N([C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCN=C(N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@H]1C(N[C@@H](CSSC1)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H]1C(N[C@@H](CCCN=C(N)N)C(=O)N[C@H](CO)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@H](CSSC1)C(N)=O)=O)=O)C(=O)[C@@H]1CSSC[C@@H](N)C(=O)N[C@H](CCCCN)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@H](CCCCN)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N1 KNJNGVKTAFTUFL-OCMUWRIYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 108091058550 ω-conotoxin Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 102000008052 Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III Human genes 0.000 claims 3
- PJMPHNIQZUBGLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N fentanyl Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1N(C(=O)CC)C(CC1)CCN1CCC1=CC=CC=C1 PJMPHNIQZUBGLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000041 non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 102000005453 KCNQ2 Potassium Channel Human genes 0.000 claims 1
- 229940122282 L-type calcium channel antagonist Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 229940123579 N-type calcium channel antagonist Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 229940124047 P/Q-type calcium channel antagonist Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 108010052164 Sodium Channels Proteins 0.000 claims 1
- 102000018674 Sodium Channels Human genes 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003743 cholecystokinin B receptor antagonist Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 201000002735 hepatocellular adenoma Diseases 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003109 potassium Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- UTAZCRNOSWWEFR-ZDUSSCGKSA-N zolmitriptan Chemical compound C=1[C]2C(CCN(C)C)=CN=C2C=CC=1C[C@H]1COC(=O)N1 UTAZCRNOSWWEFR-ZDUSSCGKSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000004770 neurodegeneration Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 108010029485 Protein Isoforms Proteins 0.000 abstract description 3
- 102000001708 Protein Isoforms Human genes 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 299
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 170
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 118
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 115
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylene chloride Substances ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 114
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-WFGJKAKNSA-N Dimethyl sulfoxide Chemical compound [2H]C([2H])([2H])S(=O)C([2H])([2H])[2H] IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-WFGJKAKNSA-N 0.000 description 100
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 100
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 91
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 75
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 73
- 238000002330 electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 70
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 70
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 59
- 235000019439 ethyl acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 58
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 57
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 56
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 51
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 48
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 47
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 47
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 42
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 41
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 41
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 41
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 41
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 40
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 40
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 39
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 37
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 37
- 230000036407 pain Effects 0.000 description 36
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 34
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 33
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 32
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 31
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 31
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N Trichloro(2H)methane Chemical compound [2H]C(Cl)(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N 0.000 description 30
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 30
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 30
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 28
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 27
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 26
- 210000004556 brain Anatomy 0.000 description 25
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 25
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 25
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 24
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 24
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 24
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 23
- 238000010898 silica gel chromatography Methods 0.000 description 23
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 22
- VYFYYTLLBUKUHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dopamine Chemical compound NCCC1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 VYFYYTLLBUKUHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 22
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid Substances CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 21
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 21
- 229910000069 nitrogen hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 19
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 19
- PQCAUHUKTBHUSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7-nitro-1h-indazole Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC2=C1NN=C2 PQCAUHUKTBHUSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 241000700159 Rattus Species 0.000 description 18
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 18
- HOKKHZGPKSLGJE-GSVOUGTGSA-N N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid Chemical compound CN[C@@H](C(O)=O)CC(O)=O HOKKHZGPKSLGJE-GSVOUGTGSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 17
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 17
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- KCWZGJVSDFYRIX-YFKPBYRVSA-N N(gamma)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester Chemical compound COC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCCN=C(N)N[N+]([O-])=O KCWZGJVSDFYRIX-YFKPBYRVSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 16
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 16
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 238000004809 thin layer chromatography Methods 0.000 description 16
- 241000699670 Mus sp. Species 0.000 description 15
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 15
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 102100028452 Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial Human genes 0.000 description 14
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 14
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 14
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 14
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 14
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 13
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 229940124597 therapeutic agent Drugs 0.000 description 13
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrolidine Chemical compound C1CCNC1 RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 12
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 12
- 210000002569 neuron Anatomy 0.000 description 12
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 12
- BWHDROKFUHTORW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tritert-butylphosphane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)P(C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C BWHDROKFUHTORW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 206010019233 Headaches Diseases 0.000 description 11
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229960003638 dopamine Drugs 0.000 description 11
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 11
- WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N L-glutamic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(O)=O WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 229930195712 glutamate Natural products 0.000 description 10
- 239000002198 insoluble material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000002767 noradrenalin uptake inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 10
- 125000006239 protecting group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Indole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC=CC2=C1 SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical class [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229960000583 acetic acid Drugs 0.000 description 9
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- VREFGVBLTWBCJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N alprazolam Chemical compound C12=CC(Cl)=CC=C2N2C(C)=NN=C2CN=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 VREFGVBLTWBCJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 9
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 9
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 208000015122 neurodegenerative disease Diseases 0.000 description 9
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000012453 solvate Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 9
- QSELGEUCFNFITD-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiophene-2-carboximidamide Chemical compound NC(=N)C1=CC=CS1 QSELGEUCFNFITD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 8
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000004440 column chromatography Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000003492 excitotoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000001603 reducing effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 8
- HBAQYPYDRFILMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8-[3-(1-cyclopropylpyrazol-4-yl)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-3-methyl-3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one Chemical class C1(CC1)N1N=CC(=C1)C1=NNC2=C1N=C(N=C2)N1C2C(N(CC1CC2)C)=O HBAQYPYDRFILMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 108010044467 Isoenzymes Proteins 0.000 description 7
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 125000004644 alkyl sulfinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 125000004390 alkyl sulfonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 229940125904 compound 1 Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 231100000063 excitotoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 7
- 238000003818 flash chromatography Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 7
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-VMNATFBRSA-N methanol-d1 Chemical compound [2H]OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-VMNATFBRSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229940127221 norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 229940005483 opioid analgesics Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 7
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 7
- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-M triflate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- ASGMFNBUXDJWJJ-JLCFBVMHSA-N (1R,3R)-3-[[3-bromo-1-[4-(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)phenyl]pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]amino]-N,1-dimethylcyclopentane-1-carboxamide Chemical compound BrC1=NN(C2=NC(=NC=C21)N[C@H]1C[C@@](CC1)(C(=O)NC)C)C1=CC=C(C=C1)C=1SC(=NN=1)C ASGMFNBUXDJWJJ-JLCFBVMHSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KCQMALZNENFGKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-chloroethyl)-1-methylpyrrolidine;hydron;chloride Chemical compound Cl.CN1CCCC1CCCl KCQMALZNENFGKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229940127007 Compound 39 Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 229940123685 Monoamine oxidase inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 6
- SNIOPGDIGTZGOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitroglycerin Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)OCC(O[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+]([O-])=O SNIOPGDIGTZGOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- NPXOKRUENSOPAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Raney nickel Chemical compound [Al].[Ni] NPXOKRUENSOPAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000005251 aryl acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 125000002102 aryl alkyloxo group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- VHGCDTVCOLNTBX-QGZVFWFLSA-N atomoxetine Chemical compound O([C@H](CCNC)C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1C VHGCDTVCOLNTBX-QGZVFWFLSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229960002430 atomoxetine Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 6
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 6
- ZPUCINDJVBIVPJ-LJISPDSOSA-N cocaine Chemical compound O([C@H]1C[C@@H]2CC[C@@H](N2C)[C@H]1C(=O)OC)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZPUCINDJVBIVPJ-LJISPDSOSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000000000 cycloalkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229960003711 glyceryl trinitrate Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 231100000869 headache Toxicity 0.000 description 6
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000012280 lithium aluminium hydride Substances 0.000 description 6
- YNESATAKKCNGOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide Chemical compound [Li+].C[Si](C)(C)[N-][Si](C)(C)C YNESATAKKCNGOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002899 monoamine oxidase inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 125000000472 sulfonyl group Chemical group *S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 6
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 6
- 125000005309 thioalkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 150000003573 thiols Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- CYPYTURSJDMMMP-WVCUSYJESA-N (1e,4e)-1,5-diphenylpenta-1,4-dien-3-one;palladium Chemical compound [Pd].[Pd].C=1C=CC=CC=1\C=C\C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1.C=1C=CC=CC=1\C=C\C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1.C=1C=CC=CC=1\C=C\C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 CYPYTURSJDMMMP-WVCUSYJESA-N 0.000 description 5
- HUWSZNZAROKDRZ-RRLWZMAJSA-N (3r,4r)-3-azaniumyl-5-[[(2s,3r)-1-[(2s)-2,3-dicarboxypyrrolidin-1-yl]-3-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-5-oxo-4-sulfanylpentane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)CC[C@@H](N)[C@@H](S)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@H](C)CC)C(=O)N1CCC(C(O)=O)[C@H]1C(O)=O HUWSZNZAROKDRZ-RRLWZMAJSA-N 0.000 description 5
- BSYNRYMUTXBXSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aspirin Chemical compound CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O BSYNRYMUTXBXSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- HEFNNWSXXWATRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ibuprofen Chemical compound CC(C)CC1=CC=C(C(C)C(O)=O)C=C1 HEFNNWSXXWATRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000007868 Raney catalyst Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910000564 Raney nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229940124639 Selective inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 5
- 229960001138 acetylsalicylic acid Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 125000004183 alkoxy alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 125000004687 alkyl sulfinyl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 125000004688 alkyl sulfonyl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- DKNWSYNQZKUICI-UHFFFAOYSA-N amantadine Chemical compound C1C(C2)CC3CC2CC1(N)C3 DKNWSYNQZKUICI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000010171 animal model Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001727 in vivo Methods 0.000 description 5
- PZOUSPYUWWUPPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N indole Natural products CC1=CC=CC2=C1C=CN2 PZOUSPYUWWUPPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- RKJUIXBNRJVNHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N indolenine Natural products C1=CC=C2CC=NC2=C1 RKJUIXBNRJVNHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000001404 mediated effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008506 pathogenesis Effects 0.000 description 5
- 125000005010 perfluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- QYSPLQLAKJAUJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N piroxicam Chemical compound OC=1C2=CC=CC=C2S(=O)(=O)N(C)C=1C(=O)NC1=CC=CC=N1 QYSPLQLAKJAUJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229960002702 piroxicam Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- GJJFMKBJSRMPLA-HIFRSBDPSA-N (1R,2S)-2-(aminomethyl)-N,N-diethyl-1-phenyl-1-cyclopropanecarboxamide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1[C@@]1(C(=O)N(CC)CC)C[C@@H]1CN GJJFMKBJSRMPLA-HIFRSBDPSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UKSZBOKPHAQOMP-SVLSSHOZSA-N (1e,4e)-1,5-diphenylpenta-1,4-dien-3-one;palladium Chemical compound [Pd].C=1C=CC=CC=1\C=C\C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1.C=1C=CC=CC=1\C=C\C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 UKSZBOKPHAQOMP-SVLSSHOZSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PLRACCBDVIHHLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine Chemical compound C1N(C)CCC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 PLRACCBDVIHHLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VIVOLMFVWBXMDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[1-[2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl]indol-5-yl]-1-nitroguanidine Chemical compound CN1CCCC1CCN1C2=CC=C(NC(=N)N[N+]([O-])=O)C=C2C=C1 VIVOLMFVWBXMDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MBVFRSJFKMJRHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-1-benzofuran-7-carbaldehyde Chemical compound FC1=CC=C(C=O)C2=C1C=CO2 MBVFRSJFKMJRHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229940127597 CGRP antagonist Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 108090000932 Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 102000004414 Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 229910021595 Copper(I) iodide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 208000032131 Diabetic Neuropathies Diseases 0.000 description 4
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical group O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241000282412 Homo Species 0.000 description 4
- 229920001774 Perfluoroether Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 102000019197 Superoxide Dismutase Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 108010012715 Superoxide dismutase Proteins 0.000 description 4
- SPXSEZMVRJLHQG-XMMPIXPASA-N [(2R)-1-[[4-[(3-phenylmethoxyphenoxy)methyl]phenyl]methyl]pyrrolidin-2-yl]methanol Chemical compound C(C1=CC=CC=C1)OC=1C=C(OCC2=CC=C(CN3[C@H](CCC3)CO)C=C2)C=CC=1 SPXSEZMVRJLHQG-XMMPIXPASA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229960003805 amantadine Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 125000004103 aminoalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- IVRMZWNICZWHMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N azide group Chemical group [N-]=[N+]=[N-] IVRMZWNICZWHMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000005335 azido alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 230000017531 blood circulation Effects 0.000 description 4
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 4
- 210000003169 central nervous system Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229940127271 compound 49 Drugs 0.000 description 4
- LSXDOTMGLUJQCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(i) iodide Chemical compound I[Cu] LSXDOTMGLUJQCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 210000004351 coronary vessel Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 230000001054 cortical effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 206010012601 diabetes mellitus Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical group [H]C(*)=O 0.000 description 4
- 230000002140 halogenating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- QRMZSPFSDQBLIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N homovanillic acid Chemical compound COC1=CC(CC(O)=O)=CC=C1O QRMZSPFSDQBLIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000002768 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- CGIGDMFJXJATDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N indomethacin Chemical compound CC1=C(CC(O)=O)C2=CC(OC)=CC=C2N1C(=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 CGIGDMFJXJATDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000002757 inflammatory effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007912 intraperitoneal administration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229960000600 milnacipran Drugs 0.000 description 4
- IHJPQRJALQHZDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-(1-pyridin-3-ylindol-5-yl)thiophene-2-carboximidamide Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1C(=N)NC(C=C1C=C2)=CC=C1N2C1=CC=CN=C1 IHJPQRJALQHZDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WASUQFOKPNRIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-[1-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)indol-5-yl]thiophene-2-carboximidamide Chemical compound C=1C=C2N(C3C4CCN(CC4)C3)C=CC2=CC=1NC(=N)C1=CC=CS1 WASUQFOKPNRIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SSTYPICOTMSAED-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-[1-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]-2-[[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methyl]indol-5-yl]thiophene-2-carboximidamide Chemical compound C=1C2=CC(NC(=N)C=3SC=CC=3)=CC=C2N(CCN(CC)CC)C=1CC1=CC=C(OC(F)(F)F)C=C1 SSTYPICOTMSAED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YOEBUVWGGARKOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-[1-[3-(1-adamantylamino)propyl]indol-5-yl]thiophene-2-carboximidamide Chemical compound C=1C=C2N(CCCNC34CC5CC(CC(C5)C3)C4)C=CC2=CC=1N=C(N)C1=CC=CS1 YOEBUVWGGARKOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VUJRFVYKJBJJOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-[1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]indol-5-yl]thiophene-2-carboximidamide Chemical compound C=1C=C2N(CCCN(C)C)C=CC2=CC=1NC(=N)C1=CC=CS1 VUJRFVYKJBJJOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XTMKEUKOMOGBTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-[2-benzyl-1-[2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl]indol-5-yl]thiophene-2-carboximidamide Chemical compound CN1CCCC1CCN1C2=CC=C(NC(=N)C=3SC=CC=3)C=C2C=C1CC1=CC=CC=C1 XTMKEUKOMOGBTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LXRRWJLQXCYLOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-[2-methyl-1-[2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl]indol-5-yl]thiophene-2-carboximidamide Chemical compound CN1CCCC1CCN1C2=CC=C(NC(=N)C=3SC=CC=3)C=C2C=C1C LXRRWJLQXCYLOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KVKFRMCSXWQSNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n'-dimethylethane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound CNCCNC KVKFRMCSXWQSNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 4
- 230000003040 nociceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- JTJMJGYZQZDUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phencyclidine Chemical compound C1CCCCN1C1(C=2C=CC=CC=2)CCCCC1 JTJMJGYZQZDUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920000137 polyphosphoric acid Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000006268 reductive amination reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 210000001032 spinal nerve Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000006188 syrup Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000020357 syrup Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 4
- AHOUBRCZNHFOSL-YOEHRIQHSA-N (+)-Casbol Chemical compound C1=CC(F)=CC=C1[C@H]1[C@H](COC=2C=C3OCOC3=CC=2)CNCC1 AHOUBRCZNHFOSL-YOEHRIQHSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SFLSHLFXELFNJZ-QMMMGPOBSA-N (-)-norepinephrine Chemical compound NC[C@H](O)C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 SFLSHLFXELFNJZ-QMMMGPOBSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NWZSZGALRFJKBT-KNIFDHDWSA-N (2s)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid;(2s)-2-hydroxybutanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O.NCCCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O NWZSZGALRFJKBT-KNIFDHDWSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RDJGLLICXDHJDY-NSHDSACASA-N (2s)-2-(3-phenoxyphenyl)propanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](C)C1=CC=CC(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 RDJGLLICXDHJDY-NSHDSACASA-N 0.000 description 3
- MDKGKXOCJGEUJW-VIFPVBQESA-N (2s)-2-[4-(thiophene-2-carbonyl)phenyl]propanoic acid Chemical compound C1=CC([C@@H](C(O)=O)C)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=CS1 MDKGKXOCJGEUJW-VIFPVBQESA-N 0.000 description 3
- WWTBZEKOSBFBEM-SPWPXUSOSA-N (2s)-2-[[2-benzyl-3-[hydroxy-[(1r)-2-phenyl-1-(phenylmethoxycarbonylamino)ethyl]phosphoryl]propanoyl]amino]-3-(1h-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid Chemical compound N([C@@H](CC=1C2=CC=CC=C2NC=1)C(=O)O)C(=O)C(CP(O)(=O)[C@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)NC(=O)OCC=1C=CC=CC=1)CC1=CC=CC=C1 WWTBZEKOSBFBEM-SPWPXUSOSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MPDDTAJMJCESGV-CTUHWIOQSA-M (3r,5r)-7-[2-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-[methyl-[(1r)-1-phenylethyl]carbamoyl]-4-propan-2-ylpyrazol-3-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoate Chemical compound C1([C@@H](C)N(C)C(=O)C2=NN(C(CC[C@@H](O)C[C@@H](O)CC([O-])=O)=C2C(C)C)C=2C=CC(F)=CC=2)=CC=CC=C1 MPDDTAJMJCESGV-CTUHWIOQSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 125000006552 (C3-C8) cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- ZEUITGRIYCTCEM-KRWDZBQOSA-N (S)-duloxetine Chemical compound C1([C@@H](OC=2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC=2)CCNC)=CC=CS1 ZEUITGRIYCTCEM-KRWDZBQOSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OISVCGZHLKNMSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-dimethylpyridine Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(C)=N1 OISVCGZHLKNMSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XNTLXAUHLBBEKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3,4-difluorophenyl)-4-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbutoxy)-5-(4-methylsulfonylphenyl)pyridazin-3-one Chemical compound O=C1C(OCCC(C)(O)C)=C(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)S(C)(=O)=O)C=NN1C1=CC=C(F)C(F)=C1 XNTLXAUHLBBEKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SZIBSIBHXLTOEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-benzyl-1-[2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl]-5-nitroindole Chemical compound CN1CCCC1CCN1C2=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C2C=C1CC1=CC=CC=C1 SZIBSIBHXLTOEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NYPYPOZNGOXYSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-bromopyridine Chemical compound BrC1=CC=CN=C1 NYPYPOZNGOXYSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PJJGZPJJTHBVMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5,7-Dihydroxyisoflavone Chemical compound C=1C(O)=CC(O)=C(C2=O)C=1OC=C2C1=CC=CC=C1 PJJGZPJJTHBVMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RSIWALKZYXPAGW-NSHDSACASA-N 6-(3-fluorophenyl)-3-methyl-7-[(1s)-1-(7h-purin-6-ylamino)ethyl]-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-one Chemical compound C=1([C@@H](NC=2C=3N=CNC=3N=CN=2)C)N=C2SC=C(C)N2C(=O)C=1C1=CC=CC(F)=C1 RSIWALKZYXPAGW-NSHDSACASA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229940127291 Calcium channel antagonist Drugs 0.000 description 3
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 108090000695 Cytokines Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102000004127 Cytokines Human genes 0.000 description 3
- HCYAFALTSJYZDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Desimpramine Chemical compound C1CC2=CC=CC=C2N(CCCNC)C2=CC=CC=C21 HCYAFALTSJYZDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 108010044266 Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 3
- QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylamine Chemical compound CCN QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen bromide Chemical compound Br CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-arginine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCCN=C(N)N ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229930064664 L-arginine Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 235000014852 L-arginine Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229910010084 LiAlH4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- ZRVUJXDFFKFLMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Meloxicam Chemical compound OC=1C2=CC=CC=C2S(=O)(=O)N(C)C=1C(=O)NC1=NC=C(C)S1 ZRVUJXDFFKFLMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NTNWOCRCBQPEKQ-YFKPBYRVSA-N N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine Chemical compound CN=C(N)NCCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O NTNWOCRCBQPEKQ-YFKPBYRVSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NTNWOCRCBQPEKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N NG-mono-methyl-L-arginine Natural products CN=C(N)NCCCC(N)C(O)=O NTNWOCRCBQPEKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CMWTZPSULFXXJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naproxen Natural products C1=C(C(C)C(O)=O)C=CC2=CC(OC)=CC=C21 CMWTZPSULFXXJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 208000036110 Neuroinflammatory disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
- PHVGLTMQBUFIQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nortryptiline Chemical compound C1CC2=CC=CC=C2C(=CCCNC)C2=CC=CC=C21 PHVGLTMQBUFIQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- AHOUBRCZNHFOSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Paroxetine hydrochloride Natural products C1=CC(F)=CC=C1C1C(COC=2C=C3OCOC3=CC=2)CNCC1 AHOUBRCZNHFOSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 102100033928 Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter Human genes 0.000 description 3
- ZSJLQEPLLKMAKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Streptozotocin Natural products O=NN(C)C(=O)NC1C(O)OC(CO)C(O)C1O ZSJLQEPLLKMAKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 208000007271 Substance Withdrawal Syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000029936 alkylation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005804 alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 208000026935 allergic disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 238000005576 amination reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000036592 analgesia Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000202 analgesic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000010 aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003542 behavioural effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000001584 benzyloxycarbonyl group Chemical group C(=O)(OCC1=CC=CC=C1)* 0.000 description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229960001058 bupropion Drugs 0.000 description 3
- SNPPWIUOZRMYNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N bupropion Chemical compound CC(C)(C)NC(C)C(=O)C1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1 SNPPWIUOZRMYNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229960000590 celecoxib Drugs 0.000 description 3
- RZEKVGVHFLEQIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N celecoxib Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1C1=CC(C(F)(F)F)=NN1C1=CC=C(S(N)(=O)=O)C=C1 RZEKVGVHFLEQIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004296 chiral HPLC Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000011260 co-administration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229960003920 cocaine Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229940126208 compound 22 Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 125000005112 cycloalkylalkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006735 deficit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229960003914 desipramine Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229960000616 diflunisal Drugs 0.000 description 3
- HUPFGZXOMWLGNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diflunisal Chemical compound C1=C(O)C(C(=O)O)=CC(C=2C(=CC(F)=CC=2)F)=C1 HUPFGZXOMWLGNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002552 dosage form Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229960002866 duloxetine Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 201000002491 encephalomyelitis Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 229960004945 etoricoxib Drugs 0.000 description 3
- MNJVRJDLRVPLFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N etoricoxib Chemical compound C1=NC(C)=CC=C1C1=NC=C(Cl)C=C1C1=CC=C(S(C)(=O)=O)C=C1 MNJVRJDLRVPLFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229960001419 fenoprofen Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012048 forced swim test Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012458 free base Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000001188 haloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- IKDUDTNKRLTJSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrazine monohydrate Substances O.NN IKDUDTNKRLTJSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002631 hypothermal effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229960001680 ibuprofen Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 208000037906 ischaemic injury Diseases 0.000 description 3
- DKYWVDODHFEZIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ketoprofen Chemical compound OC(=O)C(C)C1=CC=CC(C(=O)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 DKYWVDODHFEZIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229960000991 ketoprofen Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229960004090 maprotiline Drugs 0.000 description 3
- QSLMDECMDJKHMQ-GSXCWMCISA-N maprotiline Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2[C@@]2(CCCNC)C3=CC=CC=C3[C@@H]1CC2 QSLMDECMDJKHMQ-GSXCWMCISA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229960003464 mefenamic acid Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229960001929 meloxicam Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- RONZAEMNMFQXRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N mirtazapine Chemical compound C1C2=CC=CN=C2N2CCN(C)CC2C2=CC=CC=C21 RONZAEMNMFQXRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000004065 mitochondrial dysfunction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000002950 monocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- FZWZUXKSQFUUDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-[1-(1-methylazepan-4-yl)indol-5-yl]thiophene-2-carboximidamide Chemical compound C1CN(C)CCCC1N1C2=CC=C(NC(=N)C=3SC=CC=3)C=C2C=C1 FZWZUXKSQFUUDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NWWYETOECIPWOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-[1-(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)indol-5-yl]thiophene-2-carboximidamide Chemical compound C1CN(C)CCC1N1C2=CC=C(NC(=N)C=3SC=CC=3)C=C2C=C1 NWWYETOECIPWOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FTGSHBPGYUPWSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-[1-(3-morpholin-4-ylpropyl)indol-5-yl]thiophene-2-carboximidamide;dihydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.Cl.C=1C=CSC=1C(=N)NC(C=C1C=C2)=CC=C1N2CCCN1CCOCC1 FTGSHBPGYUPWSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MBQLVCPLWGMCSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-[1-(6-aminopyridin-3-yl)indol-5-yl]thiophene-2-carboximidamide Chemical compound C1=NC(N)=CC=C1N1C2=CC=C(NC(=N)C=3SC=CC=3)C=C2C=C1 MBQLVCPLWGMCSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OTUXXVUYACDOIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-[1-[2-(1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl]indol-5-yl]thiophene-2-carboximidamide Chemical compound CN1CCCCC1CCN1C2=CC=C(NC(=N)C=3SC=CC=3)C=C2C=C1 OTUXXVUYACDOIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QQWDXVRBRKMRJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-[1-[2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl]-2-[[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methyl]indol-5-yl]thiophene-2-carboximidamide Chemical compound CN1CCCC1CCN1C2=CC=C(NC(=N)C=3SC=CC=3)C=C2C=C1CC1=CC=C(OC(F)(F)F)C=C1 QQWDXVRBRKMRJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PRVOGTVRVMVUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-[1-[2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl]indol-5-yl]thiophene-2-carboximidamide Chemical compound CN1CCCC1CCN1C2=CC=C(NC(=N)C=3SC=CC=3)C=C2C=C1 PRVOGTVRVMVUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZNSYTTWZPZVBHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-[1-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-methylindol-5-yl]thiophene-2-carboximidamide Chemical compound C=1C=C2N(CCN(C)C)C(C)=CC2=CC=1NC(=N)C1=CC=CS1 ZNSYTTWZPZVBHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JYBKRSREWGURPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-[1-[3-(cyclopropylamino)propyl]indol-5-yl]thiophene-2-carboximidamide Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1C(=N)NC(C=C1C=C2)=CC=C1N2CCCNC1CC1 JYBKRSREWGURPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UTRDZKUYPFOJKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-[1-[3-[(1-ethylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methylamino]propyl]indol-5-yl]thiophene-2-carboximidamide Chemical compound CCN1CCCC1CNCCCN1C2=CC=C(NC(=N)C=3SC=CC=3)C=C2C=C1 UTRDZKUYPFOJKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229960002009 naproxen Drugs 0.000 description 3
- CMWTZPSULFXXJA-VIFPVBQESA-N naproxen Chemical compound C1=C([C@H](C)C(O)=O)C=CC2=CC(OC)=CC=C21 CMWTZPSULFXXJA-VIFPVBQESA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000003959 neuroinflammation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000324 neuroprotective effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000236 nitric oxide synthase inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000004971 nitroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229960001158 nortriptyline Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 3
- 229960002296 paroxetine Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000008177 pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229960005190 phenylalanine Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229960002895 phenylbutazone Drugs 0.000 description 3
- VYMDGNCVAMGZFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylbutazonum Chemical compound O=C1C(CCCC)C(=O)N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)N1C1=CC=CC=C1 VYMDGNCVAMGZFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium iodide Chemical compound [K+].[I-] NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 230000003389 potentiating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004224 protection Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000000714 pyrimidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229960003770 reboxetine Drugs 0.000 description 3
- CBQGYUDMJHNJBX-RTBURBONSA-N reboxetine Chemical compound CCOC1=CC=CC=C1O[C@H](C=1C=CC=CC=1)[C@@H]1OCCNC1 CBQGYUDMJHNJBX-RTBURBONSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- RZJQGNCSTQAWON-UHFFFAOYSA-N rofecoxib Chemical compound C1=CC(S(=O)(=O)C)=CC=C1C1=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C(=O)OC1 RZJQGNCSTQAWON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229960000371 rofecoxib Drugs 0.000 description 3
- CSYSULGPHGCBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N s-ethylisothiouronium diethylphosphate Chemical compound CCSC(N)=N.CCOP(O)(=O)OCC CSYSULGPHGCBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 3
- FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium iodide Chemical compound [Na+].[I-] FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000012321 sodium triacetoxyborohydride Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 3
- 210000000278 spinal cord Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZSJLQEPLLKMAKR-GKHCUFPYSA-N streptozocin Chemical compound O=NN(C)C(=O)N[C@H]1[C@@H](O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O ZSJLQEPLLKMAKR-GKHCUFPYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229960001052 streptozocin Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- MLKXDPUZXIRXEP-MFOYZWKCSA-N sulindac Chemical compound CC1=C(CC(O)=O)C2=CC(F)=CC=C2\C1=C/C1=CC=C(S(C)=O)C=C1 MLKXDPUZXIRXEP-MFOYZWKCSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229960000894 sulindac Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229960004492 suprofen Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003826 tablet Substances 0.000 description 3
- LMBFAGIMSUYTBN-MPZNNTNKSA-N teixobactin Chemical compound C([C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@H]1C(N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C[C@@H]2NC(=N)NC2)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)O[C@H]1C)[C@@H](C)CC)=O)NC)C1=CC=CC=C1 LMBFAGIMSUYTBN-MPZNNTNKSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000000147 tetrahydroquinolinyl group Chemical group N1(CCCC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 3
- 238000002560 therapeutic procedure Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000001113 thiadiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 229960001017 tolmetin Drugs 0.000 description 3
- UPSPUYADGBWSHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N tolmetin Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=C(CC(O)=O)N1C UPSPUYADGBWSHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229960002004 valdecoxib Drugs 0.000 description 3
- LNPDTQAFDNKSHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N valdecoxib Chemical compound CC=1ON=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=1C1=CC=C(S(N)(=O)=O)C=C1 LNPDTQAFDNKSHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- ULSDMUVEXKOYBU-ZDUSSCGKSA-N zolmitriptan Chemical compound C1=C2C(CCN(C)C)=CNC2=CC=C1C[C@H]1COC(=O)N1 ULSDMUVEXKOYBU-ZDUSSCGKSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LSPHULWDVZXLIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+/-)-Camphoric acid Chemical compound CC1(C)C(C(O)=O)CCC1(C)C(O)=O LSPHULWDVZXLIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GLGNXYJARSMNGJ-VKTIVEEGSA-N (1s,2s,3r,4r)-3-[[5-chloro-2-[(1-ethyl-6-methoxy-2-oxo-4,5-dihydro-3h-1-benzazepin-7-yl)amino]pyrimidin-4-yl]amino]bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carboxamide Chemical compound CCN1C(=O)CCCC2=C(OC)C(NC=3N=C(C(=CN=3)Cl)N[C@H]3[C@H]([C@@]4([H])C[C@@]3(C=C4)[H])C(N)=O)=CC=C21 GLGNXYJARSMNGJ-VKTIVEEGSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YWPHCCPCQOJSGZ-LLVKDONJSA-N (2r)-2-[(2-ethoxyphenoxy)methyl]morpholine Chemical compound CCOC1=CC=CC=C1OC[C@@H]1OCCNC1 YWPHCCPCQOJSGZ-LLVKDONJSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GUHPRPJDBZHYCJ-SECBINFHSA-N (2s)-2-(5-benzoylthiophen-2-yl)propanoic acid Chemical compound S1C([C@H](C(O)=O)C)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GUHPRPJDBZHYCJ-SECBINFHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JQQWDYJWDCIVKQ-QUCCMNQESA-N (3r,4s)-3-(4-benzyl-4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl)-3,4-dihydro-2h-chromene-4,7-diol Chemical compound C1CN([C@H]2[C@H](C3=CC=C(O)C=C3OC2)O)CCC1(O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 JQQWDYJWDCIVKQ-QUCCMNQESA-N 0.000 description 2
- STPKWKPURVSAJF-LJEWAXOPSA-N (4r,5r)-5-[4-[[4-(1-aza-4-azoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-4-ylmethyl)phenyl]methoxy]phenyl]-3,3-dibutyl-7-(dimethylamino)-1,1-dioxo-4,5-dihydro-2h-1$l^{6}-benzothiepin-4-ol Chemical compound O[C@H]1C(CCCC)(CCCC)CS(=O)(=O)C2=CC=C(N(C)C)C=C2[C@H]1C(C=C1)=CC=C1OCC(C=C1)=CC=C1C[N+]1(CC2)CCN2CC1 STPKWKPURVSAJF-LJEWAXOPSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WSEQXVZVJXJVFP-HXUWFJFHSA-N (R)-citalopram Chemical compound C1([C@@]2(C3=CC=C(C=C3CO2)C#N)CCCN(C)C)=CC=C(F)C=C1 WSEQXVZVJXJVFP-HXUWFJFHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KWTSXDURSIMDCE-QMMMGPOBSA-N (S)-amphetamine Chemical compound C[C@H](N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 KWTSXDURSIMDCE-QMMMGPOBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZEFQYTSQDVUMEU-GQCTYLIASA-N (e)-2-amino-4-(phosphonomethyl)hept-3-enoic acid Chemical compound CCC\C(CP(O)(O)=O)=C/C(N)C(O)=O ZEFQYTSQDVUMEU-GQCTYLIASA-N 0.000 description 2
- LVEYOSJUKRVCCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)CCCP(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 LVEYOSJUKRVCCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DJMOXMNDXFFONV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dimethyl-7-[2-(n-methylanilino)ethyl]purine-2,6-dione Chemical compound C1=NC=2N(C)C(=O)N(C)C(=O)C=2N1CCN(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 DJMOXMNDXFFONV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KKHFRAFPESRGGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dimethyl-7-[3-(n-methylanilino)propyl]purine-2,6-dione Chemical compound C1=NC=2N(C)C(=O)N(C)C(=O)C=2N1CCCN(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 KKHFRAFPESRGGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DETQQHWHUCCVMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)-5-bromoindole Chemical compound C1N(CC2)CCC2C1N1C2=CC=C(Br)C=C2C=C1 DETQQHWHUCCVMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NTNAYWFBCOEDTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl)indol-5-amine Chemical compound C1N(CC2)CCC2C1N1C2=CC=C(N)C=C2C=C1 NTNAYWFBCOEDTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXETYINANSPSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(1-methylazepan-4-yl)-5-nitroindole Chemical compound C1CN(C)CCCC1N1C2=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C2C=C1 PXETYINANSPSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YTPNSDHHVNXWKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)indol-5-amine Chemical compound C1CN(C)CCC1N1C2=CC=C(N)C=C2C=C1 YTPNSDHHVNXWKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NQXQRYOSPMPRIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(3-chloropropyl)-5-nitroindole Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=C2N(CCCCl)C=CC2=C1 NQXQRYOSPMPRIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OFOADHMAVMZLQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(6-aminopyridin-3-yl)indol-5-amine Chemical compound C1=CC2=CC(N)=CC=C2N1C1=CC=C(N)N=C1 OFOADHMAVMZLQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QFITWQVKEBGZSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(oxan-4-yl)indol-5-amine Chemical compound C1=CC2=CC(N)=CC=C2N1C1CCOCC1 QFITWQVKEBGZSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KQZLRWGGWXJPOS-NLFPWZOASA-N 1-[(1R)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]-6-[(4S,5R)-4-[(2S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-5-methylcyclohexen-1-yl]pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyrazine-3-carbonitrile Chemical compound ClC1=C(C=CC(=C1)Cl)[C@@H](C)N1N=C(C=2C1=NC(=CN=2)C1=CC[C@@H]([C@@H](C1)C)N1[C@@H](CCC1)CO)C#N KQZLRWGGWXJPOS-NLFPWZOASA-N 0.000 description 2
- IPXZUIQGHBOTGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[2-(1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl]-5-nitroindole Chemical compound CN1CCCCC1CCN1C2=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C2C=C1 IPXZUIQGHBOTGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CLSLXBZTAIUKPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[2-(1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl]indol-5-amine Chemical compound CN1CCCCC1CCN1C2=CC=C(N)C=C2C=C1 CLSLXBZTAIUKPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NNNUFTUBJIEJSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl]-2-(4-nitrophenyl)indol-5-amine Chemical compound CN1CCCC1CCN1C2=CC=C(N)C=C2C=C1C1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 NNNUFTUBJIEJSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PHEUXHRDZQWPSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl]-5-nitro-2-[[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methyl]indole Chemical compound CN1CCCC1CCN1C2=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C2C=C1CC1=CC=C(OC(F)(F)F)C=C1 PHEUXHRDZQWPSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OBLQCIGMEHSMDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl]-5-nitroindole Chemical compound CN1CCCC1CCN1C2=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C2C=C1 OBLQCIGMEHSMDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XTLCGIGHUWUMFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl]indole-5-carbonitrile Chemical compound CN1CCCC1CCN1C2=CC=C(C#N)C=C2C=C1 XTLCGIGHUWUMFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NXILZWSHPBEPSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-methylindol-5-amine Chemical compound NC1=CC=C2N(CCN(C)C)C(C)=CC2=C1 NXILZWSHPBEPSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NILQLFBWTXNUOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-aminocyclopentanecarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1(N)CCCC1 NILQLFBWTXNUOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZKMZPXWMMSBLNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-one Chemical compound C1CC2C(=O)CN1CC2 ZKMZPXWMMSBLNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LONPVIGEVNTHTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzyl-5-nitroindole Chemical compound C1=CC2=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=CC=C2N1CC1=CC=CC=C1 LONPVIGEVNTHTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RAIRKTKYHPQVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-pyridin-3-ylindol-5-amine Chemical compound C1=CC2=CC(N)=CC=C2N1C1=CC=CN=C1 RAIRKTKYHPQVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FUFLCEKSBBHCMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 11-dehydrocorticosterone Natural products O=C1CCC2(C)C3C(=O)CC(C)(C(CC4)C(=O)CO)C4C3CCC2=C1 FUFLCEKSBBHCMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YQTCQNIPQMJNTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dimethylpropan-1-one Chemical group CC(C)(C)[C]=O YQTCQNIPQMJNTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FDLWTGJOICYQBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(1,4-diazatricyclo[7.3.1.05,13]trideca-3,5,7,9(13),10-pentaen-12-yl)acetamide Chemical class N1=CCN2C(CC(=O)N)C=CC3=CC=CC1=C32 FDLWTGJOICYQBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VCUXVXLUOHDHKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-aminopyrimidin-4-yl)-4-(2-chloro-4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxamide Chemical compound ClC1=CC(OC)=CC=C1C1=C(C(N)=O)SC(C=2N=C(N)N=CC=2)=N1 VCUXVXLUOHDHKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ULFYMTMZNITFSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-3-(4-methylsulfonylphenyl)cyclopent-2-en-1-one Chemical compound C1=CC(S(=O)(=O)C)=CC=C1C1=C(C=2C=C(F)C=C(F)C=2)C(=O)CC1 ULFYMTMZNITFSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LMHMSGOWDOVTPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-nitrophenyl)-1-(2-piperidin-1-ylethyl)indol-5-amine Chemical compound C=1C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=CC=1C1=CC2=CC(N)=CC=C2N1CCN1CCCCC1 LMHMSGOWDOVTPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NGNBDVOYPDDBFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2,4-di(pentan-2-yl)phenoxy]acetyl chloride Chemical group CCCC(C)C1=CC=C(OCC(Cl)=O)C(C(C)CCC)=C1 NGNBDVOYPDDBFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XILVEPYQJIOVNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)anilino]benzoic acid 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl ester Chemical compound OCCOCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1NC1=CC=CC(C(F)(F)F)=C1 XILVEPYQJIOVNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YNZFUWZUGRBMHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-[3-(11-benzo[b][1]benzazepinyl)propyl]-1-piperazinyl]ethanol Chemical compound C1CN(CCO)CCN1CCCN1C2=CC=CC=C2C=CC2=CC=CC=C21 YNZFUWZUGRBMHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JNZBIEKQOFEXIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-amino-2-[4-(phosphonomethyl)phenyl]acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(N)C1=CC=C(CP(O)(O)=O)C=C1 JNZBIEKQOFEXIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DHJQWBSZKBDBFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-amino-3-[2-(2-phosphonoethyl)cyclohexyl]propanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(N)CC1CCCCC1CCP(O)(O)=O DHJQWBSZKBDBFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YSUIQYOGTINQIN-UZFYAQMZSA-N 2-amino-9-[(1S,6R,8R,9S,10R,15R,17R,18R)-8-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-9,18-difluoro-3,12-dihydroxy-3,12-bis(sulfanylidene)-2,4,7,11,13,16-hexaoxa-3lambda5,12lambda5-diphosphatricyclo[13.2.1.06,10]octadecan-17-yl]-1H-purin-6-one Chemical compound NC1=NC2=C(N=CN2[C@@H]2O[C@@H]3COP(S)(=O)O[C@@H]4[C@@H](COP(S)(=O)O[C@@H]2[C@@H]3F)O[C@H]([C@H]4F)N2C=NC3=C2N=CN=C3N)C(=O)N1 YSUIQYOGTINQIN-UZFYAQMZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TVTJUIAKQFIXCE-HUKYDQBMSA-N 2-amino-9-[(2R,3S,4S,5R)-4-fluoro-3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-7-prop-2-ynyl-1H-purine-6,8-dione Chemical compound NC=1NC(C=2N(C(N(C=2N=1)[C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]1O)F)CO)=O)CC#C)=O TVTJUIAKQFIXCE-HUKYDQBMSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KXSCDGQZEYWMQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-benzyl-5-nitro-1h-indole Chemical compound C=1C2=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=CC=C2NC=1CC1=CC=CC=C1 KXSCDGQZEYWMQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QIHYAZXRWMYUMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-1-(2-pyrrolidin-1-ylethyl)indol-5-amine Chemical compound CC1=CC2=CC(N)=CC=C2N1CCN1CCCC1 QIHYAZXRWMYUMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AUXCMZFPVXGTFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-1-[2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl]-5-nitroindole Chemical compound CN1CCCC1CCN1C2=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C2C=C1C AUXCMZFPVXGTFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JBBKDYALLJHQBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-1-[2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl]indol-5-amine Chemical compound CN1CCCC1CCN1C2=CC=C(N)C=C2C=C1C JBBKDYALLJHQBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- URVUOGFXJJLTJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-5-nitro-1-(2-pyrrolidin-1-ylethyl)indole Chemical compound CC1=CC2=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=CC=C2N1CCN1CCCC1 URVUOGFXJJLTJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NEWKHUASLBMWRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(C#CC=2C=CC=CC=2)=N1 NEWKHUASLBMWRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LPWVUDLZUVBQGP-DHZHZOJOSA-N 3-[(e)-2-carboxy-2-phenylethenyl]-4,6-dichloro-1h-indole-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=1NC2=CC(Cl)=CC(Cl)=C2C=1/C=C(C(=O)O)\C1=CC=CC=C1 LPWVUDLZUVBQGP-DHZHZOJOSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YZEHZRTVJKNEJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[3-(5-nitroindol-1-yl)propyl]morpholine Chemical compound C1=CC2=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=CC=C2N1CCCN1CCOCC1 YZEHZRTVJKNEJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CXSBVUAWHYXWQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-benzyl-1-[4-(1h-imidazol-5-yl)but-3-ynyl]piperidine Chemical compound C=1NC=NC=1C#CCCN(CC1)CCC1CC1=CC=CC=C1 CXSBVUAWHYXWQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GMTMOICXWPMPMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-bromo-2-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)-1-nitrobenzene Chemical compound COC(OC)CC1=CC(Br)=CC=C1[N+]([O-])=O GMTMOICXWPMPMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HPAAPEPLONRECO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-bromo-2-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)aniline Chemical compound COC(OC)CC1=CC(Br)=CC=C1N HPAAPEPLONRECO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XTFVTIFTPQCYEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-(5-nitroindol-1-yl)pyridin-2-amine Chemical compound C1=NC(N)=CC=C1N1C2=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C2C=C1 XTFVTIFTPQCYEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FGQFZKNAFJEXSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-bromo-1-(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)indole Chemical compound C1CN(C)CCC1N1C2=CC=C(Br)C=C2C=C1 FGQFZKNAFJEXSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YFTKZBVRDATWSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-bromo-1-(8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl)indole Chemical compound C1=CC2=CC(Br)=CC=C2N1C(C1)CC2CCC1N2C YFTKZBVRDATWSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XGECQVSKPZAGES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-bromo-1-(oxan-4-yl)indole Chemical compound C1=CC2=CC(Br)=CC=C2N1C1CCOCC1 XGECQVSKPZAGES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DBTVPTSFGZUNHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-bromo-1-[2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl]-2-(4-nitrophenyl)indole Chemical compound CN1CCCC1CCN1C2=CC=C(Br)C=C2C=C1C1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 DBTVPTSFGZUNHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JNODBNUUGZLKJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-bromo-2-(4-nitrophenyl)-1-(2-piperidin-1-ylethyl)indole Chemical compound C1=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=CC=C1C1=CC2=CC(Br)=CC=C2N1CCN1CCCCC1 JNODBNUUGZLKJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YJBUYGXUQNYKIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-nitro-1-[[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methyl]indole Chemical compound C1=CC2=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=CC=C2N1CC1=CC=C(OC(F)(F)F)C=C1 YJBUYGXUQNYKIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KEIHCLVBEDSLQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-nitro-1-pyridin-3-ylindole Chemical compound C1=CC2=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=CC=C2N1C1=CC=CN=C1 KEIHCLVBEDSLQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TZRSNWIBFOBJEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-nitro-2-[[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methyl]-1h-indole Chemical compound C=1C2=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=CC=C2NC=1CC1=CC=C(OC(F)(F)F)C=C1 TZRSNWIBFOBJEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JICJBGPOMZQUBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7-[(3-chloro-6-methyl-5,5-dioxido-6,11-dihydrodibenzo[c,f][1,2]thiazepin-11-yl)amino]heptanoic acid Chemical compound O=S1(=O)N(C)C2=CC=CC=C2C(NCCCCCCC(O)=O)C2=CC=C(Cl)C=C21 JICJBGPOMZQUBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XASOHFCUIQARJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8-methoxy-6-[7-(2-morpholin-4-ylethoxy)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl]-2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1-one Chemical compound C(N1C(=O)C2=C(OC)C=C(C=3N4C(=NC=3)C=C(C=C4)OCCN3CCOCC3)C=C2CC1)C(F)(F)F XASOHFCUIQARJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetamide Chemical compound CC(N)=O DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaminophen Chemical compound CC(=O)NC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QYPPJABKJHAVHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Agmatine Natural products NCCCCNC(N)=N QYPPJABKJHAVHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102000013455 Amyloid beta-Peptides Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010090849 Amyloid beta-Peptides Proteins 0.000 description 2
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 201000006474 Brain Ischemia Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 235000017647 Brassica oleracea var italica Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 244000308180 Brassica oleracea var. italica Species 0.000 description 2
- KCBAMQOKOLXLOX-BSZYMOERSA-N CC1=C(SC=N1)C2=CC=C(C=C2)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@@H]3C[C@H](CN3C(=O)[C@H](C(C)(C)C)NC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCNCCCONC(=O)C4=C(C(=C(C=C4)F)F)NC5=C(C=C(C=C5)I)F)O Chemical compound CC1=C(SC=N1)C2=CC=C(C=C2)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@@H]3C[C@H](CN3C(=O)[C@H](C(C)(C)C)NC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCNCCCONC(=O)C4=C(C(=C(C=C4)F)F)NC5=C(C=C(C=C5)I)F)O KCBAMQOKOLXLOX-BSZYMOERSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RZZPDXZPRHQOCG-OJAKKHQRSA-O CDP-choline(1+) Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)O[C@H]1N1C(=O)N=C(N)C=C1 RZZPDXZPRHQOCG-OJAKKHQRSA-O 0.000 description 2
- PKMUHQIDVVOXHQ-HXUWFJFHSA-N C[C@H](C1=CC(C2=CC=C(CNC3CCCC3)S2)=CC=C1)NC(C1=C(C)C=CC(NC2CNC2)=C1)=O Chemical compound C[C@H](C1=CC(C2=CC=C(CNC3CCCC3)S2)=CC=C1)NC(C1=C(C)C=CC(NC2CNC2)=C1)=O PKMUHQIDVVOXHQ-HXUWFJFHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 101800001982 Cholecystokinin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102100025841 Cholecystokinin Human genes 0.000 description 2
- GDLIGKIOYRNHDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Clomipramine Chemical compound C1CC2=CC=C(Cl)C=C2N(CCCN(C)C)C2=CC=CC=C21 GDLIGKIOYRNHDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000022497 Cocaine-Related disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- MFYSYFVPBJMHGN-ZPOLXVRWSA-N Cortisone Chemical compound O=C1CC[C@]2(C)[C@H]3C(=O)C[C@](C)([C@@](CC4)(O)C(=O)CO)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 MFYSYFVPBJMHGN-ZPOLXVRWSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MFYSYFVPBJMHGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cortisone Natural products O=C1CCC2(C)C3C(=O)CC(C)(C(CC4)(O)C(=O)CO)C4C3CCC2=C1 MFYSYFVPBJMHGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylamine Chemical compound CNC ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010061818 Disease progression Diseases 0.000 description 2
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical group F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZCDHNOUTBZTCLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorofelbamate Chemical compound NC(=O)OCC(F)(COC(N)=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZCDHNOUTBZTCLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycine Chemical compound NCC(O)=O DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BXNJHAXVSOCGBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Harmine Chemical compound N1=CC=C2C3=CC=C(OC)C=C3NC2=C1C BXNJHAXVSOCGBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000010496 Heart Arrest Diseases 0.000 description 2
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010020772 Hypertension Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 206010061216 Infarction Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 206010061218 Inflammation Diseases 0.000 description 2
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-L Malonate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC([O-])=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- SBDNJUWAMKYJOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Meclofenamic Acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(Cl)C(NC=2C(=CC=CC=2)C(O)=O)=C1Cl SBDNJUWAMKYJOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylamine Chemical compound NC BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010027603 Migraine headaches Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 102000010909 Monoamine Oxidase Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010062431 Monoamine oxidase Proteins 0.000 description 2
- YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Morpholine Chemical compound C1COCCN1 YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010061296 Motor dysfunction Diseases 0.000 description 2
- ZSXGLVDWWRXATF-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal Chemical compound COC(OC)N(C)C ZSXGLVDWWRXATF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102000004868 N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptors Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090001041 N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptors Proteins 0.000 description 2
- LVDRREOUMKACNJ-BKMJKUGQSA-N N-[(2R,3S)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(1,4-dimethyl-2-oxoquinolin-7-yl)-6-oxopiperidin-3-yl]-2-methylpropane-1-sulfonamide Chemical compound CC(C)CS(=O)(=O)N[C@H]1CCC(=O)N([C@@H]1c1ccc(Cl)cc1)c1ccc2c(C)cc(=O)n(C)c2c1 LVDRREOUMKACNJ-BKMJKUGQSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZUNGTLZRAYYDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine Chemical compound O=NN(C)C(=N)N[N+]([O-])=O VZUNGTLZRAYYDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QQXLDOJGLXJCSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methylnortropinone Natural products C1C(=O)CC2CCC1N2C QQXLDOJGLXJCSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BLXXJMDCKKHMKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nabumetone Chemical compound C1=C(CCC(C)=O)C=CC2=CC(OC)=CC=C21 BLXXJMDCKKHMKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000028389 Nerve injury Diseases 0.000 description 2
- JZFPYUNJRRFVQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Niflumic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1NC1=CC=CC(C(F)(F)F)=C1 JZFPYUNJRRFVQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000006 Nitroglycerin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SKZKKFZAGNVIMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Salicilamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O SKZKKFZAGNVIMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010043269 Tension headache Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229910021626 Tin(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KJADKKWYZYXHBB-XBWDGYHZSA-N Topiramic acid Chemical compound C1O[C@@]2(COS(N)(=O)=O)OC(C)(C)O[C@H]2[C@@H]2OC(C)(C)O[C@@H]21 KJADKKWYZYXHBB-XBWDGYHZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000030886 Traumatic Brain injury Diseases 0.000 description 2
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-NJFSPNSNSA-N Tritium Chemical compound [3H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 2
- LJOOWESTVASNOG-UFJKPHDISA-N [(1s,3r,4ar,7s,8s,8as)-3-hydroxy-8-[2-[(4r)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-7-methyl-1,2,3,4,4a,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalen-1-yl] (2s)-2-methylbutanoate Chemical compound C([C@H]1[C@@H](C)C=C[C@H]2C[C@@H](O)C[C@@H]([C@H]12)OC(=O)[C@@H](C)CC)CC1C[C@@H](O)CC(=O)O1 LJOOWESTVASNOG-UFJKPHDISA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229960004892 acemetacin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- FSQKKOOTNAMONP-UHFFFAOYSA-N acemetacin Chemical compound CC1=C(CC(=O)OCC(O)=O)C2=CC(OC)=CC=C2N1C(=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 FSQKKOOTNAMONP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000048 adrenergic agonist Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940126157 adrenergic receptor agonist Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000004479 aerosol dispenser Substances 0.000 description 2
- QYPPJABKJHAVHS-UHFFFAOYSA-P agmatinium(2+) Chemical compound NC(=[NH2+])NCCCC[NH3+] QYPPJABKJHAVHS-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 description 2
- 125000001980 alanyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000001476 alcoholic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 102000030484 alpha-2 Adrenergic Receptor Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108020004101 alpha-2 Adrenergic Receptor Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 125000004202 aminomethyl group Chemical group [H]N([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 229960002519 amoxapine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- QWGDMFLQWFTERH-UHFFFAOYSA-N amoxapine Chemical compound C12=CC(Cl)=CC=C2OC2=CC=CC=C2N=C1N1CCNCC1 QWGDMFLQWFTERH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940025084 amphetamine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000002460 anti-migrenic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012296 anti-solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960003965 antiepileptics Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229940124433 antimigraine drug Drugs 0.000 description 2
- XRWSZZJLZRKHHD-WVWIJVSJSA-N asunaprevir Chemical compound O=C([C@@H]1C[C@H](CN1C(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)OC1=NC=C(C2=CC=C(Cl)C=C21)OC)N[C@]1(C(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C2CC2)C[C@H]1C=C XRWSZZJLZRKHHD-WVWIJVSJSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000668 atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical group [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000852 azido group Chemical group *N=[N+]=[N-] 0.000 description 2
- 125000000499 benzofuranyl group Chemical group O1C(=CC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 2
- 125000004196 benzothienyl group Chemical group S1C(=CC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 2
- 125000003236 benzoyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 125000002619 bicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000029028 brain injury Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 244000309464 bull Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000009460 calcium influx Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000004657 carbamic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000007675 cardiac surgery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002490 cerebral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000000038 chest Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- FZFAMSAMCHXGEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloro formate Chemical compound ClOC=O FZFAMSAMCHXGEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AOGYCOYQMAVAFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorocarbonic acid Chemical class OC(Cl)=O AOGYCOYQMAVAFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJOOHPMOJXWVHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorotrimethylsilane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)Cl IJOOHPMOJXWVHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940107137 cholecystokinin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000004087 circulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229960001653 citalopram Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960004606 clomipramine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 201000006145 cocaine dependence Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229940125758 compound 15 Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229940125782 compound 2 Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229940125833 compound 23 Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229940125961 compound 24 Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229940125851 compound 27 Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229940127204 compound 29 Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229940126214 compound 3 Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229940125877 compound 31 Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229940127573 compound 38 Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229940126179 compound 72 Drugs 0.000 description 2
- OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Cu+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229960004544 cortisone Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- MUGNLPWYHGOJEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N delucemine Chemical compound C=1C=CC(F)=CC=1C(CCNC)C1=CC=CC(F)=C1 MUGNLPWYHGOJEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229950006926 delucemine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229960001259 diclofenac Drugs 0.000 description 2
- DCOPUUMXTXDBNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N diclofenac Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1NC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl DCOPUUMXTXDBNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylamine Chemical compound CCNCC HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004852 dihydrofuranyl group Chemical group O1C(CC=C1)* 0.000 description 2
- 125000001070 dihydroindolyl group Chemical group N1(CCC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 2
- 125000005043 dihydropyranyl group Chemical group O1C(CCC=C1)* 0.000 description 2
- 125000005057 dihydrothienyl group Chemical group S1C(CC=C1)* 0.000 description 2
- 230000005750 disease progression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000005303 dithiazolyl group Chemical group S1SNC(=C1)* 0.000 description 2
- MOTZDAYCYVMXPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl hydrogen sulfate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(O)(=O)=O MOTZDAYCYVMXPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940043264 dodecyl sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960005426 doxepin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- ODQWQRRAPPTVAG-GZTJUZNOSA-N doxepin Chemical compound C1OC2=CC=CC=C2C(=C/CCN(C)C)/C2=CC=CC=C21 ODQWQRRAPPTVAG-GZTJUZNOSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003480 eluent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 2
- BJXYHBKEQFQVES-NWDGAFQWSA-N enpatoran Chemical compound N[C@H]1CN(C[C@H](C1)C(F)(F)F)C1=C2C=CC=NC2=C(C=C1)C#N BJXYHBKEQFQVES-NWDGAFQWSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960000514 ethenzamide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- SBNKFTQSBPKMBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenzamide Chemical compound CCOC1=CC=CC=C1C(N)=O SBNKFTQSBPKMBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWNFQAKCJYEJEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 3-[8-[[4-methyl-5-[(3-methyl-4-oxophthalazin-1-yl)methyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]sulfanyl]octanoylamino]benzoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=CC(NC(=O)CCCCCCCSC2=NN=C(CC3=NN(C)C(=O)C4=CC=CC=C34)N2C)=CC=C1 GWNFQAKCJYEJEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RIFGWPKJUGCATF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl chloroformate Chemical compound CCOC(Cl)=O RIFGWPKJUGCATF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960001493 etofenamate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960003472 felbamate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- WKGXYQFOCVYPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N felbamate Chemical compound NC(=O)OCC(COC(N)=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WKGXYQFOCVYPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IVLVTNPOHDFFCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N fentanyl citrate Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O.C=1C=CC=CC=1N(C(=O)CC)C(CC1)CCN1CCC1=CC=CC=C1 IVLVTNPOHDFFCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960004369 flufenamic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- LPEPZBJOKDYZAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N flufenamic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1NC1=CC=CC(C(F)(F)F)=C1 LPEPZBJOKDYZAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960002390 flurbiprofen Drugs 0.000 description 2
- SYTBZMRGLBWNTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N flurbiprofen Chemical compound FC1=CC(C(C(O)=O)C)=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 SYTBZMRGLBWNTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960004038 fluvoxamine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- CJOFXWAVKWHTFT-XSFVSMFZSA-N fluvoxamine Chemical compound COCCCC\C(=N/OCCN)C1=CC=C(C(F)(F)F)C=C1 CJOFXWAVKWHTFT-XSFVSMFZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000917 hyperalgesic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229960003441 imipramine oxide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- QZIQORUGXBPDSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N imipramine oxide Chemical compound C1CC2=CC=CC=C2N(CCC[N+](C)([O-])C)C2=CC=CC=C21 QZIQORUGXBPDSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000338 in vitro Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000099 in vitro assay Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001041 indolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229960000905 indomethacin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000007574 infarction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004054 inflammatory process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001802 infusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000007913 intrathecal administration Methods 0.000 description 2
- INQOMBQAUSQDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodomethane Chemical compound IC INQOMBQAUSQDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960002844 iprindole Drugs 0.000 description 2
- PLIGPBGDXASWPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N iprindole Chemical compound C1CCCCCC2=C1N(CCCN(C)C)C1=CC=CC=C12 PLIGPBGDXASWPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007794 irritation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000028867 ischemia Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000000302 ischemic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000002183 isoquinolinyl group Chemical group C1(=NC=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 2
- 125000001786 isothiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- YYUAYBYLJSNDCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoxicam Chemical compound OC=1C2=CC=CC=C2S(=O)(=O)N(C)C=1C(=O)NC=1C=C(C)ON=1 YYUAYBYLJSNDCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229950002252 isoxicam Drugs 0.000 description 2
- OZWKMVRBQXNZKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N ketorolac Chemical compound OC(=O)C1CCN2C1=CC=C2C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OZWKMVRBQXNZKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960004752 ketorolac Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960002813 lofepramine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- SAPNXPWPAUFAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lofepramine Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2CCC2=CC=CC=C2N1CCCN(C)CC(=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 SAPNXPWPAUFAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960002202 lornoxicam Drugs 0.000 description 2
- OXROWJKCGCOJDO-JLHYYAGUSA-N lornoxicam Chemical compound O=C1C=2SC(Cl)=CC=2S(=O)(=O)N(C)\C1=C(\O)NC1=CC=CC=N1 OXROWJKCGCOJDO-JLHYYAGUSA-N 0.000 description 2
- STIRHCNEGQQBOY-QEYWKRMJSA-N ly-235,959 Chemical compound C1[C@@H](CP(O)(O)=O)CC[C@H]2CN[C@H](C(=O)O)C[C@H]21 STIRHCNEGQQBOY-QEYWKRMJSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000002540 macrophage Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 229960003803 meclofenamic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960004794 melitracen Drugs 0.000 description 2
- GWWLWDURRGNSRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N melitracen Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=CCCN(C)C)C3=CC=CC=C3C(C)(C)C2=C1 GWWLWDURRGNSRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BUGYDGFZZOZRHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N memantine Chemical compound C1C(C2)CC3(C)CC1(C)CC2(N)C3 BUGYDGFZZOZRHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960004640 memantine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000002207 metabolite Substances 0.000 description 2
- DJGAAPFSPWAYTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M metamizole sodium Chemical compound [Na+].O=C1C(N(CS([O-])(=O)=O)C)=C(C)N(C)N1C1=CC=CC=C1 DJGAAPFSPWAYTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- HNQIVZYLYMDVSB-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanesulfonamide Chemical compound [14CH3]S(N)(=O)=O HNQIVZYLYMDVSB-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960001785 mirtazapine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000000116 mitigating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- YHXISWVBGDMDLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N moclobemide Chemical compound C1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1C(=O)NCCN1CCOCC1 YHXISWVBGDMDLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960004644 moclobemide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- MVRBJKPYENFZBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-[1-(oxan-4-yl)indol-5-yl]thiophene-2-carboximidamide Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1C(=N)NC(C=C1C=C2)=CC=C1N2C1CCOCC1 MVRBJKPYENFZBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZTCANOBNTLWWCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-[1-[2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl]-2-(4-nitrophenyl)indol-5-yl]thiophene-2-carboximidamide Chemical compound CN1CCCC1CCN1C2=CC=C(NC(=N)C=3SC=CC=3)C=C2C=C1C1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 ZTCANOBNTLWWCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HNSZCUZKOLYMMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-[2-methyl-1-(2-pyrrolidin-1-ylethyl)indol-5-yl]thiophene-2-carboximidamide Chemical compound C=1C=C2N(CCN3CCCC3)C(C)=CC2=CC=1NC(=N)C1=CC=CS1 HNSZCUZKOLYMMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KXCVEHILVKSIPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethyl-2-(2-methyl-5-nitroindol-1-yl)ethanamine Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=C2N(CCN(C)C)C(C)=CC2=C1 KXCVEHILVKSIPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DZTYZPJYGHKEAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethyl-3-(5-nitroindol-1-yl)propan-1-amine Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=C2N(CCCN(C)C)C=CC2=C1 DZTYZPJYGHKEAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DEKGLRDTPBZZBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(4-bromophenyl)-1-methylpiperidin-4-amine Chemical compound C1CN(C)CCC1NC1=CC=C(Br)C=C1 DEKGLRDTPBZZBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DDNDVZXVYQHXRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[(1-ethylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl]-3-(5-nitroindol-1-yl)propan-1-amine Chemical compound CCN1CCCC1CNCCCN1C2=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C2C=C1 DDNDVZXVYQHXRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HKGVHWQHDUZOCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[3-(5-nitroindol-1-yl)propyl]cyclopropanamine Chemical compound C1=CC2=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=CC=C2N1CCCNC1CC1 HKGVHWQHDUZOCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DMVDFVGIVHSSLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[4-bromo-2-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)phenyl]-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-amine Chemical compound COC(OC)CC1=CC(Br)=CC=C1NC1C(CC2)CCN2C1 DMVDFVGIVHSSLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TXKOGLGWLNWWBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[4-bromo-2-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)phenyl]-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-amine Chemical compound COC(OC)CC1=CC(Br)=CC=C1NC1CC(N2C)CCC2C1 TXKOGLGWLNWWBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PEFAPPGTMNKOJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[4-bromo-2-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)phenyl]oxan-4-amine Chemical compound COC(OC)CC1=CC(Br)=CC=C1NC1CCOCC1 PEFAPPGTMNKOJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960004270 nabumetone Drugs 0.000 description 2
- DQCKKXVULJGBQN-XFWGSAIBSA-N naltrexone Chemical compound N1([C@@H]2CC3=CC=C(C=4O[C@@H]5[C@](C3=4)([C@]2(CCC5=O)O)CC1)O)CC1CC1 DQCKKXVULJGBQN-XFWGSAIBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960003086 naltrexone Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960001800 nefazodone Drugs 0.000 description 2
- VRBKIVRKKCLPHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nefazodone Chemical compound O=C1N(CCOC=2C=CC=CC=2)C(CC)=NN1CCCN(CC1)CCN1C1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1 VRBKIVRKKCLPHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OGZQTTHDGQBLBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N neramexane Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(C)(C)CC(C)(N)C1 OGZQTTHDGQBLBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229950004543 neramexane Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000008764 nerve damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001537 neural effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007658 neurological function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000016273 neuron death Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004112 neuroprotection Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004090 neuroprotective agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000189 neurotoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000002887 neurotoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229960000916 niflumic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960002748 norepinephrine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- SFLSHLFXELFNJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N norepinephrine Natural products NCC(O)C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 SFLSHLFXELFNJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000966 norepinephrine reuptake Effects 0.000 description 2
- PIDFDZJZLOTZTM-KHVQSSSXSA-N ombitasvir Chemical compound COC(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)NC1=CC=C([C@H]2N([C@@H](CC2)C=2C=CC(NC(=O)[C@H]3N(CCC3)C(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)OC)C(C)C)=CC=2)C=2C=CC(=CC=2)C(C)(C)C)C=C1 PIDFDZJZLOTZTM-KHVQSSSXSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960005290 opipramol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010502 orange oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- CTSLXHKWHWQRSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxalyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C(Cl)=O CTSLXHKWHWQRSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004792 oxidative damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000036542 oxidative stress Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound [Pd].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007911 parenteral administration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000010603 pastilles Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- CMFNMSMUKZHDEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N peroxynitrous acid Chemical compound OON=O CMFNMSMUKZHDEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UYWQUFXKFGHYNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylmethyl ester of formic acid Natural products O=COCC1=CC=CC=C1 UYWQUFXKFGHYNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003170 phenylsulfonyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)S(=O)(=O)* 0.000 description 2
- 230000002980 postoperative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960005205 prednisolone Drugs 0.000 description 2
- OIGNJSKKLXVSLS-VWUMJDOOSA-N prednisolone Chemical compound O=C1C=C[C@]2(C)[C@H]3[C@@H](O)C[C@](C)([C@@](CC4)(O)C(=O)CO)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 OIGNJSKKLXVSLS-VWUMJDOOSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QTGAJCQTLIRCFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N propacetamol Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC(=O)OC1=CC=C(NC(C)=O)C=C1 QTGAJCQTLIRCFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960003192 propacetamol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001501 propionyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- AQHHHDLHHXJYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N propranolol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(OCC(O)CNC(C)C)=CC=CC2=C1 AQHHHDLHHXJYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004309 pyranyl group Chemical group O1C(C=CC=C1)* 0.000 description 2
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000002943 quinolinyl group Chemical group N1=C(C=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 2
- 125000004553 quinoxalin-5-yl group Chemical group N1=CC=NC2=C(C=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 2
- VMXUWOKSQNHOCA-LCYFTJDESA-N ranitidine Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)/C=C(/NC)NCCSCC1=CC=C(CN(C)C)O1 VMXUWOKSQNHOCA-LCYFTJDESA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960000620 ranitidine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000008707 rearrangement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229960000581 salicylamide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000007423 screening assay Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000013275 serotonin uptake Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229960002073 sertraline Drugs 0.000 description 2
- VGKDLMBJGBXTGI-SJCJKPOMSA-N sertraline Chemical compound C1([C@@H]2CC[C@@H](C3=CC=CC=C32)NC)=CC=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1 VGKDLMBJGBXTGI-SJCJKPOMSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IZTQOLKUZKXIRV-YRVFCXMDSA-N sincalide Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C2=CC=CC=C2NC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(O)=O)C1=CC=C(OS(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 IZTQOLKUZKXIRV-YRVFCXMDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012279 sodium borohydride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000033 sodium borohydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JVBXVOWTABLYPX-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium dithionite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)S([O-])=O JVBXVOWTABLYPX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000021 stimulant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007920 subcutaneous administration Methods 0.000 description 2
- GGCSSNBKKAUURC-UHFFFAOYSA-N sufentanil Chemical compound C1CN(CCC=2SC=CC=2)CCC1(COC)N(C(=O)CC)C1=CC=CC=C1 GGCSSNBKKAUURC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960004739 sufentanil Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000001356 surgical procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007910 systemic administration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009885 systemic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- WZWYJBNHTWCXIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tenoxicam Chemical compound O=C1C=2SC=CC=2S(=O)(=O)N(C)C1=C(O)NC1=CC=CC=N1 WZWYJBNHTWCXIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960002871 tenoxicam Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 125000003718 tetrahydrofuranyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000003039 tetrahydroisoquinolinyl group Chemical group C1(NCCC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 2
- 125000001984 thiazolidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229960005138 tianeptine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960001312 tiaprofenic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- MIMJSJSRRDZIPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tilmacoxib Chemical compound C=1C=C(S(N)(=O)=O)C(F)=CC=1C=1OC(C)=NC=1C1CCCCC1 MIMJSJSRRDZIPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960004394 topiramate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960001479 tosylchloramide sodium Drugs 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009529 traumatic brain injury Effects 0.000 description 2
- FAQYAMRNWDIXMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloroborane Chemical compound ClB(Cl)Cl FAQYAMRNWDIXMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000003901 trigeminal nerve Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylamine Chemical compound CN(C)C GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000404 tripotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZISSAWUMDACLOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N triptane Chemical compound CC(C)C(C)(C)C ZISSAWUMDACLOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052722 tritium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940124549 vasodilator Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000003071 vasodilator agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960004688 venlafaxine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- PNVNVHUZROJLTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N venlafaxine Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1C(CN(C)C)C1(O)CCCCC1 PNVNVHUZROJLTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960001255 viloxazine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- CXNIUSPIQKWYAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N xantphos Chemical compound C=12OC3=C(P(C=4C=CC=CC=4)C=4C=CC=CC=4)C=CC=C3C(C)(C)C2=CC=CC=1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 CXNIUSPIQKWYAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SNICXCGAKADSCV-JTQLQIEISA-N (-)-Nicotine Chemical compound CN1CCC[C@H]1C1=CC=CN=C1 SNICXCGAKADSCV-JTQLQIEISA-N 0.000 description 1
- UAOUIVVJBYDFKD-XKCDOFEDSA-N (1R,9R,10S,11R,12R,15S,18S,21R)-10,11,21-trihydroxy-8,8-dimethyl-14-methylidene-4-(prop-2-enylamino)-20-oxa-5-thia-3-azahexacyclo[9.7.2.112,15.01,9.02,6.012,18]henicosa-2(6),3-dien-13-one Chemical compound C([C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@]23C(C1=C)=O)C[C@H]2[C@]12C(N=C(NCC=C)S4)=C4CC(C)(C)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@]3(O)OC2 UAOUIVVJBYDFKD-XKCDOFEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IGLYMJRIWWIQQE-QUOODJBBSA-N (1S,2R)-2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine (1R,2S)-2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine Chemical compound N[C@H]1C[C@@H]1C1=CC=CC=C1.N[C@@H]1C[C@H]1C1=CC=CC=C1 IGLYMJRIWWIQQE-QUOODJBBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AOSZTAHDEDLTLQ-AZKQZHLXSA-N (1S,2S,4R,8S,9S,11S,12R,13S,19S)-6-[(3-chlorophenyl)methyl]-12,19-difluoro-11-hydroxy-8-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-9,13-dimethyl-6-azapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosa-14,17-dien-16-one Chemical compound C([C@@H]1C[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4[C@@H](F)C3)C)(F)[C@@H](O)C[C@@]2([C@@]1(C1)C(=O)CO)C)N1CC1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1 AOSZTAHDEDLTLQ-AZKQZHLXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SZUVGFMDDVSKSI-WIFOCOSTSA-N (1s,2s,3s,5r)-1-(carboxymethyl)-3,5-bis[(4-phenoxyphenyl)methyl-propylcarbamoyl]cyclopentane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound O=C([C@@H]1[C@@H]([C@](CC(O)=O)([C@H](C(=O)N(CCC)CC=2C=CC(OC=3C=CC=CC=3)=CC=2)C1)C(O)=O)C(O)=O)N(CCC)CC(C=C1)=CC=C1OC1=CC=CC=C1 SZUVGFMDDVSKSI-WIFOCOSTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UCKHICKHGAOGAP-UONOGXRCSA-N (2R,4S)-4-[[anilino(oxo)methyl]amino]-5,7-dichloro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound N([C@H]1C[C@@H](NC2=CC(Cl)=CC(Cl)=C21)C(=O)O)C(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 UCKHICKHGAOGAP-UONOGXRCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GHYOCDFICYLMRF-UTIIJYGPSA-N (2S,3R)-N-[(2S)-3-(cyclopenten-1-yl)-1-[(2R)-2-methyloxiran-2-yl]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]-3-hydroxy-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-[[(2S)-2-[(2-morpholin-4-ylacetyl)amino]propanoyl]amino]propanamide Chemical compound C1(=CCCC1)C[C@@H](C(=O)[C@@]1(OC1)C)NC([C@H]([C@@H](C1=CC=C(C=C1)OC)O)NC([C@H](C)NC(CN1CCOCC1)=O)=O)=O GHYOCDFICYLMRF-UTIIJYGPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YJLIKUSWRSEPSM-WGQQHEPDSA-N (2r,3r,4s,5r)-2-[6-amino-8-[(4-phenylphenyl)methylamino]purin-9-yl]-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-3,4-diol Chemical compound C=1C=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=CC=1CNC1=NC=2C(N)=NC=NC=2N1[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O YJLIKUSWRSEPSM-WGQQHEPDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YBUBNGCCLWQUHK-JEDNCBNOSA-N (2s)-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)-2-(methylamino)pentanoic acid;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.CN[C@H](C(O)=O)CCCNC(N)=N YBUBNGCCLWQUHK-JEDNCBNOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- STBLNCCBQMHSRC-BATDWUPUSA-N (2s)-n-[(3s,4s)-5-acetyl-7-cyano-4-methyl-1-[(2-methylnaphthalen-1-yl)methyl]-2-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1,5-benzodiazepin-3-yl]-2-(methylamino)propanamide Chemical compound O=C1[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC)[C@H](C)N(C(C)=O)C2=CC(C#N)=CC=C2N1CC1=C(C)C=CC2=CC=CC=C12 STBLNCCBQMHSRC-BATDWUPUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QXWYKJLNLSIPIN-YUMQZZPRSA-N (2s,3s)-2-azaniumyl-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)[C@@H]([NH3+])[C@@H](O)C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 QXWYKJLNLSIPIN-YUMQZZPRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IWZSHWBGHQBIML-ZGGLMWTQSA-N (3S,8S,10R,13S,14S,17S)-17-isoquinolin-7-yl-N,N,10,13-tetramethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-amine Chemical compound CN(C)[C@H]1CC[C@]2(C)C3CC[C@@]4(C)[C@@H](CC[C@@H]4c4ccc5ccncc5c4)[C@@H]3CC=C2C1 IWZSHWBGHQBIML-ZGGLMWTQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UDQTXCHQKHIQMH-KYGLGHNPSA-N (3ar,5s,6s,7r,7ar)-5-(difluoromethyl)-2-(ethylamino)-5,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-3ah-pyrano[3,2-d][1,3]thiazole-6,7-diol Chemical compound S1C(NCC)=N[C@H]2[C@@H]1O[C@H](C(F)F)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]2O UDQTXCHQKHIQMH-KYGLGHNPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OOKAZRDERJMRCJ-KOUAFAAESA-N (3r)-7-[(1s,2s,4ar,6s,8s)-2,6-dimethyl-8-[(2s)-2-methylbutanoyl]oxy-1,2,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalen-1-yl]-3-hydroxy-5-oxoheptanoic acid Chemical compound C1=C[C@H](C)[C@H](CCC(=O)C[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O)C2[C@@H](OC(=O)[C@@H](C)CC)C[C@@H](C)C[C@@H]21 OOKAZRDERJMRCJ-KOUAFAAESA-N 0.000 description 1
- YQOLEILXOBUDMU-KRWDZBQOSA-N (4R)-5-[(6-bromo-3-methyl-2-pyrrolidin-1-ylquinoline-4-carbonyl)amino]-4-(2-chlorophenyl)pentanoic acid Chemical compound CC1=C(C2=C(C=CC(=C2)Br)N=C1N3CCCC3)C(=O)NC[C@H](CCC(=O)O)C4=CC=CC=C4Cl YQOLEILXOBUDMU-KRWDZBQOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTHCYVBBDHJXIQ-MRXNPFEDSA-N (R)-fluoxetine Chemical compound O([C@H](CCNC)C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=C(C(F)(F)F)C=C1 RTHCYVBBDHJXIQ-MRXNPFEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BGRJTUBHPOOWDU-NSHDSACASA-N (S)-(-)-sulpiride Chemical compound CCN1CCC[C@H]1CNC(=O)C1=CC(S(N)(=O)=O)=CC=C1OC BGRJTUBHPOOWDU-NSHDSACASA-N 0.000 description 1
- UUDAMDVQRQNNHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (S)-AMPA Chemical compound CC=1ONC(=O)C=1CC(N)C(O)=O UUDAMDVQRQNNHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LAUWCWCSEOWJMQ-QRJSTWQJSA-N (e,2s)-2-amino-4-fluoro-3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)but-3-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)C(=C\F)\C1=CC=CC(O)=C1 LAUWCWCSEOWJMQ-QRJSTWQJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DEVSOMFAQLZNKR-RJRFIUFISA-N (z)-3-[3-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl]-n'-pyrazin-2-ylprop-2-enehydrazide Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=CC(C(F)(F)F)=CC(C2=NN(\C=C/C(=O)NNC=3N=CC=NC=3)C=N2)=C1 DEVSOMFAQLZNKR-RJRFIUFISA-N 0.000 description 1
- KZPYGQFFRCFCPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene Chemical compound [Fe+2].C1=CC=C[C-]1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=C[C-]1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 KZPYGQFFRCFCPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Dichloroethane Chemical compound CC(Cl)Cl SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XFZJGFIKQCCLGK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1,1-dimethyl-4-phenylpiperazinium iodide Chemical compound [I-].C1C[N+](C)(C)CCN1C1=CC=CC=C1 XFZJGFIKQCCLGK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- IWQZHUQSJDOQBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,5,8,8a-hexahydroindolizine Chemical compound C1C=CCN2CCCC21 IWQZHUQSJDOQBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005871 1,3-benzodioxolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- XLHUBROMZOAQMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-benzosemiquinone Chemical group [O]C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 XLHUBROMZOAQMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VFLQQZCRHPIGJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2-chloroethyl)piperidine;hydron;chloride Chemical compound Cl.ClCCN1CCCCC1 VFLQQZCRHPIGJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FSNGFFWICFYWQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2-chloroethyl)pyrrolidine;hydron;chloride Chemical compound Cl.ClCCN1CCCC1 FSNGFFWICFYWQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JDNPUJCKXLOHOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(bromomethyl)-4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)OC1=CC=C(CBr)C=C1 JDNPUJCKXLOHOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LMDZBCPBFSXMTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide Substances CCN=C=NCCCN(C)C LMDZBCPBFSXMTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QEMSVZNTSXPFJA-HNAYVOBHSA-N 1-[(1s,2s)-1-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]-4-phenylpiperidin-4-ol Chemical compound C1([C@H](O)[C@H](C)N2CCC(O)(CC2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=CC=C(O)C=C1 QEMSVZNTSXPFJA-HNAYVOBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VKMFDKYCIKEDMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[2-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)ethyl]-4-[(4-methylphenyl)methyl]-4-piperidinol Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1CC1(O)CCN(CCOC=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)CC1 VKMFDKYCIKEDMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ONBQEOIKXPHGMB-VBSBHUPXSA-N 1-[2-[(2s,3r,4s,5r)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-4,6-dihydroxyphenyl]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-1-one Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1OC1=CC(O)=CC(O)=C1C(=O)CCC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 ONBQEOIKXPHGMB-VBSBHUPXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004973 1-butenyl group Chemical group C(=CCC)* 0.000 description 1
- SFOYQZYQTQDRIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-3-iodopropane Chemical compound ClCCCI SFOYQZYQTQDRIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HQSRQKBSOOZLHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethylphenoxathiine 10,10-dioxide Chemical compound O1C2=CC=CC=C2S(=O)(=O)C2=C1C=CC=C2CC HQSRQKBSOOZLHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HUUPVABNAQUEJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylpiperidin-4-one Chemical compound CN1CCC(=O)CC1 HUUPVABNAQUEJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000006017 1-propenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000530 1-propynyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C#C* 0.000 description 1
- YBYIRNPNPLQARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-indene Natural products C1=CC=C2CC=CC2=C1 YBYIRNPNPLQARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UTQNKKSJPHTPBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,2-trichloroethanone Chemical group ClC(Cl)(Cl)[C]=O UTQNKKSJPHTPBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEPOHXYIFQMVHW-XOZOLZJESA-N 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid (2S,3S)-3,4-dimethyl-2-phenylmorpholine Chemical compound OC(C(O)C(O)=O)C(O)=O.C[C@H]1[C@@H](OCCN1C)c1ccccc1 VEPOHXYIFQMVHW-XOZOLZJESA-N 0.000 description 1
- WGFNXGPBPIJYLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-difluoro-3-[(3-fluorophenyl)sulfonylamino]-n-(3-methoxy-1h-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-5-yl)benzamide Chemical compound C1=C2C(OC)=NNC2=NC=C1NC(=O)C(C=1F)=C(F)C=CC=1NS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC(F)=C1 WGFNXGPBPIJYLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FQMZXMVHHKXGTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(1-adamantyl)-n-[2-[2-(2-hydroxyethylamino)ethylamino]quinolin-5-yl]acetamide Chemical compound C1C(C2)CC(C3)CC2CC13CC(=O)NC1=CC=CC2=NC(NCCNCCO)=CC=C21 FQMZXMVHHKXGTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WVBKLELBSWJXAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-chloroethyl)-1-methylpiperidine;hydrochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[NH+]1CCCCC1CCCl WVBKLELBSWJXAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QEBYEVQKHRUYPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-[(1-methylpyrazol-3-yl)methyl]-4-[[methyl(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)amino]methyl]-1h-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-3,6-dione Chemical compound C1=CN(C)N=C1CN1C(=O)C=C2NN(C=3C(=CC=CC=3)Cl)C(=O)C2=C1CN(C)CC1=CC=CN=C1 QEBYEVQKHRUYPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XNLOOYJBLRHTMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(6-chloro-9-methyl-2,3-dioxo-1,4-dihydroindeno[2,3-b]pyrazin-9-yl)acetic acid Chemical compound N1C(=O)C(=O)NC2=C1C1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1C2(CC(O)=O)C XNLOOYJBLRHTMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YHHSONZFOIEMCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(trimethylazaniumyl)ethyl hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CCOP(O)([O-])=O YHHSONZFOIEMCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PYRKKGOKRMZEIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[6-(2-cyclopropylethoxy)-9-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-1h-phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazol-2-yl]-5-fluorobenzene-1,3-dicarbonitrile Chemical compound C1=C2C3=CC(CC(C)(O)C)=CC=C3C=3NC(C=4C(=CC(F)=CC=4C#N)C#N)=NC=3C2=CC=C1OCCC1CC1 PYRKKGOKRMZEIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004974 2-butenyl group Chemical group C(C=CC)* 0.000 description 1
- IFKXOTGQBNVOSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloroacetonitrile Chemical compound ClCC#N.ClCC#N IFKXOTGQBNVOSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RAGSWDIQBBZLLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloroethyl(diethyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound Cl.CCN(CC)CCCl RAGSWDIQBBZLLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LQLJZSJKRYTKTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-dimethylaminoethyl chloride hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.CN(C)CCCl LQLJZSJKRYTKTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HXBCOTBMAZLVFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxy-5-[(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl)methylamino]benzoic acid Chemical compound C1=C(O)C(C(=O)O)=CC(NCC=2C(=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C=2F)F)=C1 HXBCOTBMAZLVFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YEDUAINPPJYDJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxybenzothiazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC(O)=NC2=C1 YEDUAINPPJYDJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000006020 2-methyl-1-propenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- XWKFPIODWVPXLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-5-methylpyridine Natural products CC1=CC=C(C)N=C1 XWKFPIODWVPXLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940080296 2-naphthalenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DFRAKBCRUYUFNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,8-dicyclohexyl-2,4,7,9-tetrahydro-[1,3]oxazino[5,6-h][1,3]benzoxazine Chemical compound C1CCCCC1N1CC(C=CC2=C3OCN(C2)C2CCCCC2)=C3OC1 DFRAKBCRUYUFNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VPIXQGUBUKFLRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2-chloro-5,6-dihydrobenzo[b][1]benzazepin-11-yl)-N-methyl-1-propanamine Chemical compound C1CC2=CC=C(Cl)C=C2N(CCCNC)C2=CC=CC=C21 VPIXQGUBUKFLRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FPQQSJJWHUJYPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(dimethylamino)propyliminomethylidene-ethylazanium;chloride Chemical compound Cl.CCN=C=NCCCN(C)C FPQQSJJWHUJYPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QBWKPGNFQQJGFY-QLFBSQMISA-N 3-[(1r)-1-[(2r,6s)-2,6-dimethylmorpholin-4-yl]ethyl]-n-[6-methyl-3-(1h-pyrazol-4-yl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-8-yl]-1,2-thiazol-5-amine Chemical compound N1([C@H](C)C2=NSC(NC=3C4=NC=C(N4C=C(C)N=3)C3=CNN=C3)=C2)C[C@H](C)O[C@H](C)C1 QBWKPGNFQQJGFY-QLFBSQMISA-N 0.000 description 1
- NFSTZPMYAZRZPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-bromo-7-nitro-2h-indazole Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC2=C(Br)NN=C12 NFSTZPMYAZRZPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZRPLANDPDWYOMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-cyclopentylpropionic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC1CCCC1 ZRPLANDPDWYOMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XMIIGOLPHOKFCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 3-phenylpropionate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCC1=CC=CC=C1 XMIIGOLPHOKFCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000003349 3-pyridyl group Chemical group N1=C([H])C([*])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000003185 4 aminobutyric acid B receptor stimulating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- VDIRQCDDCGAGET-DHZHZOJOSA-N 4,6-dichloro-3-[(e)-(2-oxo-1-phenylpyrrolidin-3-ylidene)methyl]-1h-indole-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=1NC2=CC(Cl)=CC(Cl)=C2C=1\C=C(C1=O)/CCN1C1=CC=CC=C1 VDIRQCDDCGAGET-DHZHZOJOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FVQSSYMRZKLFDR-ZABPBAJSSA-N 4-[[(1r)-2-[[(2r)-2-(2-adamantyloxycarbonylamino)-3-(1h-indol-3-yl)-2-methylpropanoyl]amino]-1-phenylethyl]amino]-4-oxobutanoic acid Chemical compound C1([C@@H](NC(=O)CCC(O)=O)CNC(=O)[C@@](CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3NC=2)(NC(=O)OC2C3CC4CC(C3)CC2C4)C)=CC=CC=C1 FVQSSYMRZKLFDR-ZABPBAJSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCQCHGYLTSGIGX-GHXANHINSA-N 4-[[(3ar,5ar,5br,7ar,9s,11ar,11br,13as)-5a,5b,8,8,11a-pentamethyl-3a-[(5-methylpyridine-3-carbonyl)amino]-2-oxo-1-propan-2-yl-4,5,6,7,7a,9,10,11,11b,12,13,13a-dodecahydro-3h-cyclopenta[a]chrysen-9-yl]oxy]-2,2-dimethyl-4-oxobutanoic acid Chemical compound N([C@@]12CC[C@@]3(C)[C@]4(C)CC[C@H]5C(C)(C)[C@@H](OC(=O)CC(C)(C)C(O)=O)CC[C@]5(C)[C@H]4CC[C@@H]3C1=C(C(C2)=O)C(C)C)C(=O)C1=CN=CC(C)=C1 QCQCHGYLTSGIGX-GHXANHINSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WDFQBORIUYODSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-bromoaniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(Br)C=C1 WDFQBORIUYODSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002672 4-bromobenzoyl group Chemical group BrC1=CC=C(C(=O)*)C=C1 0.000 description 1
- KIWUOCZHZROUNT-BTQNPOSSSA-N 4-chloro-2-[(2r)-2-hydroxy-3-morpholin-4-ylpropyl]-5-phenyl-1,2-oxazol-3-one;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.C([C@@H](O)CN1C(C(Cl)=C(O1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)=O)N1CCOCC1 KIWUOCZHZROUNT-BTQNPOSSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000242 4-chlorobenzoyl group Chemical group ClC1=CC=C(C(=O)*)C=C1 0.000 description 1
- BCJVBDBJSMFBRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-diphenylphosphanylbutyl(diphenyl)phosphane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)CCCCP(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 BCJVBDBJSMFBRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DQAZPZIYEOGZAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethyl-n-[4-(3-ethynylanilino)-7-methoxyquinazolin-6-yl]piperazine-1-carboxamide Chemical compound C1CN(CC)CCN1C(=O)NC(C(=CC1=NC=N2)OC)=CC1=C2NC1=CC=CC(C#C)=C1 DQAZPZIYEOGZAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QZHXKQKKEBXYRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-n-(4-aminophenyl)benzene-1,4-diamine Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1NC1=CC=C(N)C=C1 QZHXKQKKEBXYRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QPGGEKPRGVJKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-11-methyl-6-benzo[b][1,4]benzodiazepinone Chemical compound O=C1N(CCN(C)C)C2=CC=CC=C2N(C)C2=CC=CC=C21 QPGGEKPRGVJKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WGOLHUGPTDEKCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-bromopyridin-2-amine Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(Br)C=N1 WGOLHUGPTDEKCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XKFPYPQQHFEXRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methyl-N'-(phenylmethyl)-3-isoxazolecarbohydrazide Chemical compound O1C(C)=CC(C(=O)NNCC=2C=CC=CC=2)=N1 XKFPYPQQHFEXRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GDUANFXPOZTYKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-bromo-8-[(2,6-difluoro-4-methoxybenzoyl)amino]-4-oxochromene-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound FC1=CC(OC)=CC(F)=C1C(=O)NC1=CC(Br)=CC2=C1OC(C(O)=O)=CC2=O GDUANFXPOZTYKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZIHZRNXJNHFWHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-methyl-5-(methylaminomethyl)-7-nitro-1,4-dihydroquinoxaline-2,3-dione Chemical compound N1C(=O)C(=O)NC2=C1C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C(C)=C2CNC ZIHZRNXJNHFWHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FHVDTGUDJYJELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-{[2-carboxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(phosphanyloxy)oxan-3-yl]oxy}-4,5-dihydroxy-3-phosphanyloxane-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound O1C(C(O)=O)C(P)C(O)C(O)C1OC1C(C(O)=O)OC(OP)C(O)C1O FHVDTGUDJYJELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000003678 AMPA Receptors Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000078 AMPA Receptors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241001474033 Acar Species 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940122578 Acetylcholine receptor agonist Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 108010088751 Albumins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000009027 Albumins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 208000007848 Alcoholism Diseases 0.000 description 1
- WKEMJKQOLOHJLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Almogran Chemical compound C1=C2C(CCN(C)C)=CNC2=CC=C1CS(=O)(=O)N1CCCC1 WKEMJKQOLOHJLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000037259 Amyloid Plaque Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000950577 Antilla Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000416162 Astragalus gummifer Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010003591 Ataxia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000001320 Atherosclerosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000032116 Autoimmune Experimental Encephalomyelitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000005711 Benzoic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-M Butyrate Chemical compound CCCC([O-])=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Natural products CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JQUCWIWWWKZNCS-LESHARBVSA-N C(C1=CC=CC=C1)(=O)NC=1SC[C@H]2[C@@](N1)(CO[C@H](C2)C)C=2SC=C(N2)NC(=O)C2=NC=C(C=C2)OC(F)F Chemical compound C(C1=CC=CC=C1)(=O)NC=1SC[C@H]2[C@@](N1)(CO[C@H](C2)C)C=2SC=C(N2)NC(=O)C2=NC=C(C=C2)OC(F)F JQUCWIWWWKZNCS-LESHARBVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQXUPNKLZNSUMC-YUQWMIPFSA-N CCN(CCCCCOCC(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N1C[C@H](O)C[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](C)c1ccc(cc1)-c1scnc1C)C(C)(C)C)CCOc1ccc(cc1)C(=O)c1c(sc2cc(O)ccc12)-c1ccc(O)cc1 Chemical compound CCN(CCCCCOCC(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N1C[C@H](O)C[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](C)c1ccc(cc1)-c1scnc1C)C(C)(C)C)CCOc1ccc(cc1)C(=O)c1c(sc2cc(O)ccc12)-c1ccc(O)cc1 BQXUPNKLZNSUMC-YUQWMIPFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DOSRLMVQEISVFT-ZYRQIYSTSA-N CN[C@H](CC(=O)O)C(=O)O.FC=1C=C(C=C(C1)F)C=1C(CCC1C1=CC=C(C=C1)S(=O)(=O)C)=O Chemical compound CN[C@H](CC(=O)O)C(=O)O.FC=1C=C(C=C(C1)F)C=1C(CCC1C1=CC=C(C=C1)S(=O)(=O)C)=O DOSRLMVQEISVFT-ZYRQIYSTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000282472 Canis lupus familiaris Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 101710132601 Capsid protein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010078791 Carrier Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010008120 Cerebral ischaemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- RENMDAKOXSCIGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroacetonitrile Chemical compound ClCC#N RENMDAKOXSCIGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DBAKFASWICGISY-BTJKTKAUSA-N Chlorpheniramine maleate Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O.C=1C=CC=NC=1C(CCN(C)C)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 DBAKFASWICGISY-BTJKTKAUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101710150890 Cholecystokinin B Proteins 0.000 description 1
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- GJSURZIOUXUGAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Clonidine Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1NC1=NCCN1 GJSURZIOUXUGAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101710094648 Coat protein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229940126657 Compound 17 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940126639 Compound 33 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 206010010904 Convulsion Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000557626 Corvus corax Species 0.000 description 1
- XZMCDFZZKTWFGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanamide Chemical compound NC#N XZMCDFZZKTWFGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MHZGKXUYDGKKIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Decylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCN MHZGKXUYDGKKIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010012289 Dementia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000016192 Demyelinating disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010012335 Dependence Diseases 0.000 description 1
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940123100 Dopamine D1 receptor antagonist Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 241001269524 Dura Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000012661 Dyskinesia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M Formate Chemical compound [O-]C=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100022197 Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101710112359 Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108091006151 Glutamate transporters Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000034575 Glutamate transporters Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100021181 Golgi phosphoprotein 3 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 229940094419 Guanylate cyclase inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 101150085382 HAS1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000031886 HIV Infections Diseases 0.000 description 1
- RERZNCLIYCABFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Harmaline hydrochloride Natural products C1CN=C(C)C2=C1C1=CC=C(OC)C=C1N2 RERZNCLIYCABFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101001033280 Homo sapiens Cytokine receptor common subunit beta Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000713772 Human immunodeficiency virus 1 Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002153 Hydroxypropyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 244000141009 Hypericum perforatum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000017309 Hypericum perforatum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 206010020651 Hyperkinesia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000000269 Hyperkinesis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010020751 Hypersensitivity Diseases 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 102000008070 Interferon-gamma Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010074328 Interferon-gamma Proteins 0.000 description 1
- YQEZLKZALYSWHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ketamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=C(Cl)C=1C1(NC)CCCCC1=O YQEZLKZALYSWHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005909 Kieselgur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000004016 L-Type Calcium Channels Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000420 L-Type Calcium Channels Proteins 0.000 description 1
- QNAYBMKLOCPYGJ-REOHCLBHSA-N L-alanine Chemical compound C[C@H](N)C(O)=O QNAYBMKLOCPYGJ-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000008575 L-amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-REOHCLBHSA-N L-aspartic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(O)=O CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RHGKLRLOHDJJDR-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-citrulline Chemical compound NC(=O)NCCC[C@H]([NH3+])C([O-])=O RHGKLRLOHDJJDR-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ROHFNLRQFUQHCH-YFKPBYRVSA-N L-leucine Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@H](N)C(O)=O ROHFNLRQFUQHCH-YFKPBYRVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- COLNVLDHVKWLRT-QMMMGPOBSA-N L-phenylalanine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 COLNVLDHVKWLRT-QMMMGPOBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MKXZASYAUGDDCJ-SZMVWBNQSA-N LSM-2525 Chemical compound C1CCC[C@H]2[C@@]3([H])N(C)CC[C@]21C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1C3 MKXZASYAUGDDCJ-SZMVWBNQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lactate Chemical compound CC(O)C([O-])=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000010643 Leucaena leucocephala Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000007472 Leucaena leucocephala Species 0.000 description 1
- ROHFNLRQFUQHCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Leucine Natural products CC(C)CC(N)C(O)=O ROHFNLRQFUQHCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002841 Lewis acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010082 LiAlH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NNJVILVZKWQKPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lidocaine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC(=O)NC1=C(C)C=CC=C1C NNJVILVZKWQKPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006091 Macor Substances 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101710125418 Major capsid protein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- UEQUQVLFIPOEMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Mianserin Chemical compound C1C2=CC=CC=C2N2CCN(C)CC2C2=CC=CC=C21 UEQUQVLFIPOEMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010073734 Microembolism Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000699666 Mus <mouse, genus> Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000238367 Mya arenaria Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000013355 Mycteroperca interstitialis Species 0.000 description 1
- IJHNSHDBIRRJRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-dimethyl-3-phenyl-3-(2-pyridinyl)-1-propanamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=NC=1C(CCN(C)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 IJHNSHDBIRRJRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108090000699 N-Type Calcium Channels Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004129 N-Type Calcium Channels Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102000002247 NADPH Dehydrogenase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010014870 NADPH Dehydrogenase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229940099433 NMDA receptor antagonist Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KTDZCOWXCWUPEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N NS-398 Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)NC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1OC1CCCCC1 KTDZCOWXCWUPEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RHGKLRLOHDJJDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ndelta-carbamoyl-DL-ornithine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CCCNC(N)=O RHGKLRLOHDJJDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010028851 Necrosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- RGPDEAGGEXEMMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nefopam Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2CN(C)CCOC1C1=CC=CC=C1 RGPDEAGGEXEMMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PVNIIMVLHYAWGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Niacin Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 PVNIIMVLHYAWGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102100022397 Nitric oxide synthase, brain Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101710111444 Nitric oxide synthase, brain Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101710141454 Nucleoprotein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WYLPPZNVGFIEHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N O=C1NNC(=O)C2=C1[N+]([O-])=C1C=CC(Cl)=CC1=C2 Chemical compound O=C1NNC(=O)C2=C1[N+]([O-])=C1C=CC(Cl)=CC1=C2 WYLPPZNVGFIEHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940127450 Opioid Agonists Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 208000026251 Opioid-Related disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000019502 Orange oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108700012358 P/Q-type calcium channel Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000050761 P/Q-type calcium channel Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 240000005373 Panax quinquefolius Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000003140 Panax quinquefolius Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 206010033799 Paralysis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037273 Pathologic Processes Diseases 0.000 description 1
- BDABGOLMYNHHTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Perzinfotel Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)CCN1CCCNC2=C1C(=O)C2=O BDABGOLMYNHHTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PCNDJXKNXGMECE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenazine Natural products C1=CC=CC2=NC3=CC=CC=C3N=C21 PCNDJXKNXGMECE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosgene Chemical compound ClC(Cl)=O YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102100034354 Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 2 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 241000288906 Primates Species 0.000 description 1
- 101710083689 Probable capsid protein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000005822 Propiconazole Substances 0.000 description 1
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propionic acid Chemical class CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LOUPRKONTZGTKE-WZBLMQSHSA-N Quinine Chemical class C([C@H]([C@H](C1)C=C)C2)C[N@@]1[C@@H]2[C@H](O)C1=CC=NC2=CC=C(OC)C=C21 LOUPRKONTZGTKE-WZBLMQSHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000283984 Rodentia Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000009132 Sagittaria sagittifolia Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010039424 Salivary hypersecretion Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010039897 Sedation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010070834 Sensitisation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010040070 Septic Shock Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229940121991 Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PNUZDKCDAWUEGK-CYZMBNFOSA-N Sitafloxacin Chemical compound C([C@H]1N)N(C=2C(=C3C(C(C(C(O)=O)=CN3[C@H]3[C@H](C3)F)=O)=CC=2F)Cl)CC11CC1 PNUZDKCDAWUEGK-CYZMBNFOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000007637 Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010007205 Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical group [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001615 Tragacanth Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 201000004810 Vascular dementia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- PSLUFJFHTBIXMW-WYEYVKMPSA-N [(3r,4ar,5s,6s,6as,10s,10ar,10bs)-3-ethenyl-10,10b-dihydroxy-3,4a,7,7,10a-pentamethyl-1-oxo-6-(2-pyridin-2-ylethylcarbamoyloxy)-5,6,6a,8,9,10-hexahydro-2h-benzo[f]chromen-5-yl] acetate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1[C@@H]([C@]2(O[C@](C)(CC(=O)[C@]2(O)[C@@]2(C)[C@@H](O)CCC(C)(C)[C@@H]21)C=C)C)OC(=O)C)C(=O)NCCC1=CC=CC=N1 PSLUFJFHTBIXMW-WYEYVKMPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYXZOQOZERSHHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [2-(2-diphenylphosphanylphenoxy)phenyl]-diphenylphosphane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=C(P(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=1OC1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RYXZOQOZERSHHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMNRFWMNPDABKZ-WVALLCKVSA-N [[(2R,3S,4R,5S)-5-(2,6-dioxo-3H-pyridin-3-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl] [[[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-4-fluoro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-hydroxyphosphoryl] hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@H](OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OC[C@H]2O[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H]2O)C2C=CC(=O)NC2=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](F)[C@@H]1O SMNRFWMNPDABKZ-WVALLCKVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002679 ablation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001056 activated astrocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000001642 activated microglia Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 206010000891 acute myocardial infarction Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 125000005042 acyloxymethyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005076 adamantyloxycarbonyl group Chemical group C12(CC3CC(CC(C1)C3)C2)OC(=O)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-L adipate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCCCC([O-])=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000004279 alanine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 201000007930 alcohol dependence Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000013334 alcoholic beverage Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000003172 aldehyde group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229940072056 alginate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004414 alkyl thio group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002168 alkylating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940100198 alkylating agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- IYABWNGZIDDRAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N allene Chemical group C=C=C IYABWNGZIDDRAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002133 almotriptan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000015007 alpha-adrenergic receptor activity proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108040006816 alpha-adrenergic receptor activity proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- AWUCVROLDVIAJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-glycerophosphate Natural products OCC(O)COP(O)(O)=O AWUCVROLDVIAJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001668 ameliorated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010976 amide bond formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001409 amidines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940024606 amino acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000001014 amino acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940042749 amitriptyline / chlordiazepoxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002980 amitriptyline oxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZPMKQFOGINQDAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N amitriptylinoxide Chemical compound C1CC2=CC=CC=C2C(=CCC[N+](C)([O-])C)C2=CC=CC=C21 ZPMKQFOGINQDAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VZTDIZULWFCMLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium formate Chemical compound [NH4+].[O-]C=O VZTDIZULWFCMLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000007502 anemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000003502 anti-nociceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000648 anti-parkinson Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000692 anti-sense effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940125681 anticonvulsant agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000939 antiparkinson agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000949 anxiolytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006907 apoptotic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001483 arginine derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000001367 artery Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 206010003246 arthritis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229940072107 ascorbate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940009098 aspartate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000011914 asymmetric synthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036523 atherogenesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- JPNZKPRONVOMLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;octadecanoic acid Chemical class [NH4+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O JPNZKPRONVOMLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IALVDLPLCLFBCF-CHWSQXEVSA-N befloxatone Chemical compound O=C1O[C@@H](COC)CN1C1=CC=C(OCC[C@@H](O)C(F)(F)F)C=C1 IALVDLPLCLFBCF-CHWSQXEVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950000017 befloxatone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940077388 benzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SRSXLGNVWSONIS-UHFFFAOYSA-M benzenesulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 SRSXLGNVWSONIS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000003785 benzimidazolyl group Chemical group N1=C(NC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 1
- 229940050390 benzoate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001164 benzothiazolyl group Chemical group S1C(=NC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004541 benzoxazolyl group Chemical group O1C(=NC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 1
- XMIIGOLPHOKFCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-phenylpropanoic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC1=CC=CC=C1 XMIIGOLPHOKFCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MRMBZHPJVKCOMA-YJFSRANCSA-N biapenem Chemical compound C1N2C=NC=[N+]2CC1SC([C@@H]1C)=C(C([O-])=O)N2[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@H](O)C)C2=O MRMBZHPJVKCOMA-YJFSRANCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MUALRAIOVNYAIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N binap Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C(=C2C=CC=CC2=CC=1)C=1C2=CC=CC=C2C=CC=1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 MUALRAIOVNYAIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SXYFFMXPDDGOEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N binedaline Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2N(N(C)CCN(C)C)C=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 SXYFFMXPDDGOEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036772 blood pressure Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZADPBFCGQRWHPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N boronic acid Chemical compound OBO ZADPBFCGQRWHPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006931 brain damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000874 brain damage Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000006189 buccal tablet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004063 butyryl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- FATUQANACHZLRT-KMRXSBRUSA-L calcium glucoheptonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)C([O-])=O.OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)C([O-])=O FATUQANACHZLRT-KMRXSBRUSA-L 0.000 description 1
- MIOPJNTWMNEORI-UHFFFAOYSA-N camphorsulfonic acid Chemical compound C1CC2(CS(O)(=O)=O)C(=O)CC1C2(C)C MIOPJNTWMNEORI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960000623 carbamazepine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FFGPTBGBLSHEPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbamazepine Chemical compound C1=CC2=CC=CC=C2N(C(=O)N)C2=CC=CC=C21 FFGPTBGBLSHEPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003917 carbamoyl group Chemical group [H]N([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000001749 carotenones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005472 carotenones Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000001715 carotid artery Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009903 catalytic hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003943 catecholamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 206010008118 cerebral infarction Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZGLIFVFRIOKQLE-LVZFUZTISA-N chembl2104573 Chemical compound C=1C(Cl)=CC=C(O)C=1C(=N/CCCC)/C1=CC=CC=C1Cl ZGLIFVFRIOKQLE-LVZFUZTISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001055 chewing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- VDQQXEISLMTGAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloramine T Chemical compound [Na+].CC1=CC=C(S(=O)(=O)[N-]Cl)C=C1 VDQQXEISLMTGAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KYKAJFCTULSVSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloro(fluoro)methane Chemical compound F[C]Cl KYKAJFCTULSVSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003291 chlorphenamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000001840 cholesterol esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960002173 citrulline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000013477 citrulline Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960002896 clonidine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BTFHLQRNAMSNLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N clorgyline Chemical compound C#CCN(C)CCCOC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1Cl BTFHLQRNAMSNLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XXPVSQRPGBUFKM-SAPNQHFASA-N clovoxamine Chemical compound COCCCC\C(=N/OCCN)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 XXPVSQRPGBUFKM-SAPNQHFASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950002663 clovoxamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940126523 co-drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940110456 cocoa butter Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019868 cocoa butter Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 208000010877 cognitive disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000012230 colorless oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002648 combination therapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001447 compensatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940125797 compound 12 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940126543 compound 14 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940126142 compound 16 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940125810 compound 20 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940125846 compound 25 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940125878 compound 36 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940126540 compound 41 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940125936 compound 42 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940125844 compound 46 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940125898 compound 5 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001879 copper Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000003618 cortical neuron Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000006184 cosolvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001995 cyclobutyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000582 cycloheptyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000596 cyclohexenyl group Chemical group C1(=CCCCC1)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002933 cyclohexyloxy group Chemical group C1(CCCCC1)O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002433 cyclopentenyl group Chemical group C1(=CCCC1)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001559 cyclopropyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 231100000433 cytotoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001472 cytotoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000034994 death Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007123 defense Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010511 deprotection reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- WAZQAZKAZLXFMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N deracoxib Chemical compound C1=C(F)C(OC)=CC=C1C1=CC(C(F)F)=NN1C1=CC=C(S(N)(=O)=O)C=C1 WAZQAZKAZLXFMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003314 deracoxib Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- USSIQXCVUWKGNF-KRWDZBQOSA-N dextromethadone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C[C@H](C)N(C)C)(C(=O)CC)C1=CC=CC=C1 USSIQXCVUWKGNF-KRWDZBQOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001985 dextromethorphan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960003075 dibenzepin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HESHRHUZIWVEAJ-JGRZULCMSA-N dihydroergotamine Chemical compound C([C@H]1C(=O)N2CCC[C@H]2[C@]2(O)O[C@@](C(N21)=O)(C)NC(=O)[C@H]1CN([C@H]2[C@@H](C3=CC=CC4=NC=C([C]34)C2)C1)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 HESHRHUZIWVEAJ-JGRZULCMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004704 dihydroergotamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003292 diminished effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- SXZIXHOMFPUIRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylmethanimine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=N)C1=CC=CC=C1 SXZIXHOMFPUIRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- LBOJYSIDWZQNJS-CVEARBPZSA-N dizocilpine Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2[C@]2(C)C3=CC=CC=C3C[C@H]1N2 LBOJYSIDWZQNJS-CVEARBPZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QLTXKCWMEZIHBJ-PJGJYSAQSA-N dizocilpine maleate Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O.C12=CC=CC=C2[C@]2(C)C3=CC=CC=C3C[C@H]1N2 QLTXKCWMEZIHBJ-PJGJYSAQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-M dodecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000433 dopamine 1 receptor blocking agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000005064 dopaminergic neuron Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229960001393 dosulepin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000006196 drop Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960001104 droxidopa Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003937 drug carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009510 drug design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940125436 dual inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000004064 dysfunction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002451 electron ionisation mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002081 enamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003821 enantio-separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002889 endothelial cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000037149 energy metabolism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007824 enzymatic assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- WSEQXVZVJXJVFP-FQEVSTJZSA-N escitalopram Chemical compound C1([C@]2(C3=CC=C(C=C3CO2)C#N)CCCN(C)C)=CC=C(F)C=C1 WSEQXVZVJXJVFP-FQEVSTJZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004341 escitalopram Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- CCIVGXIOQKPBKL-UHFFFAOYSA-M ethanesulfonate Chemical compound CCS([O-])(=O)=O CCIVGXIOQKPBKL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003754 ethoxycarbonyl group Chemical group C(=O)(OCC)* 0.000 description 1
- DQYBDCGIPTYXML-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxyethane;hydrate Chemical compound O.CCOCC DQYBDCGIPTYXML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 description 1
- 229960005437 etoperidone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- IZBNNCFOBMGTQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N etoperidone Chemical compound O=C1N(CC)C(CC)=NN1CCCN1CCN(C=2C=C(Cl)C=CC=2)CC1 IZBNNCFOBMGTQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002461 excitatory amino acid Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003257 excitatory amino acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000318 excitotoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000004060 excitotoxin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000012997 experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000013401 experimental design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229950004395 fengabine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003983 fluorenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3CC12)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960002464 fluoxetine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000004967 formylalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000001640 fractional crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002541 furyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229940044627 gamma-interferon Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007903 gelatin capsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000004392 genitalia Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000001434 glomerular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000024924 glomerular filtration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004153 glucose metabolism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003825 glutamate receptor antagonist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- JAXFJECJQZDFJS-XHEPKHHKSA-N gtpl8555 Chemical compound OC(=O)C[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N1CCC[C@@H]1C(=O)N[C@H](B1O[C@@]2(C)[C@H]3C[C@H](C3(C)C)C[C@H]2O1)CCC1=CC=C(F)C=C1 JAXFJECJQZDFJS-XHEPKHHKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003126 guanylate cyclase inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VJHLDRVYTQNASM-UHFFFAOYSA-N harmine Natural products CC1=CN=CC=2NC3=CC(=CC=C3C=21)OC VJHLDRVYTQNASM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003187 heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000002391 heterocyclic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000006588 heterocycloalkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005844 heterocyclyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-M hexadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000971 hippocampal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 102000055647 human CSF2RB Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003840 hydrochlorides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydrogensulfate Chemical compound OS([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NPZTUJOABDZTLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxybenzotriazole Substances O=C1C=CC=C2NNN=C12 NPZTUJOABDZTLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DQOCFCZRZOAIBN-WZHZPDAFSA-L hydroxycobalamin Chemical compound O.[Co+2].[N-]([C@@H]1[C@H](CC(N)=O)[C@@]2(C)CCC(=O)NC[C@@H](C)OP([O-])(=O)O[C@H]3[C@H]([C@H](O[C@@H]3CO)N3C4=CC(C)=C(C)C=C4N=C3)O)\C2=C(C)/C([C@H](C\2(C)C)CCC(N)=O)=N/C/2=C\C([C@H]([C@@]/2(CC(N)=O)C)CCC(N)=O)=N\C\2=C(C)/C2=N[C@]1(C)[C@@](C)(CC(N)=O)[C@@H]2CCC(N)=O DQOCFCZRZOAIBN-WZHZPDAFSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 125000004029 hydroxymethyl group Chemical group [H]OC([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000001863 hydroxypropyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010977 hydroxypropyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009610 hypersensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- HPMRFMKYPGXPEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N idazoxan Chemical compound N1CCN=C1C1OC2=CC=CC=C2OC1 HPMRFMKYPGXPEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950001476 idazoxan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000002632 imidazolidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002636 imidazolinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002883 imidazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002466 imines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960004801 imipramine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BCGWQEUPMDMJNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N imipramine Chemical compound C1CC2=CC=CC=C2N(CCCN(C)C)C2=CC=CC=C21 BCGWQEUPMDMJNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001976 improved effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005462 in vivo assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- MNLULKBKWKTZPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N indantadol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CC(NCC(=O)N)CC2=C1 MNLULKBKWKTZPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003454 indenyl group Chemical group C1(C=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004531 indol-5-yl group Chemical group [H]N1C([H])=C([H])C2=C([H])C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C12 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003701 inert diluent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012442 inert solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007918 intramuscular administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001990 intravenous administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000026045 iodination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006192 iodination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical class II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002346 iodo group Chemical group I* 0.000 description 1
- 229960001888 ipratropium Drugs 0.000 description 1
- OEXHQOGQTVQTAT-JRNQLAHRSA-N ipratropium Chemical compound O([C@H]1C[C@H]2CC[C@@H](C1)[N@@+]2(C)C(C)C)C(=O)C(CO)C1=CC=CC=C1 OEXHQOGQTVQTAT-JRNQLAHRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000012947 ischemia reperfusion injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- SUMDYPCJJOFFON-UHFFFAOYSA-N isethionic acid Chemical compound OCCS(O)(=O)=O SUMDYPCJJOFFON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229960002672 isocarboxazid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000000904 isoindolyl group Chemical group C=1(NC=C2C=CC=CC12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000005928 isopropyloxycarbonyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(OC(*)=O)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004628 isothiazolidinyl group Chemical group S1N(CCC1)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003965 isoxazolidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000009191 jumping Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000366 juvenile effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960003299 ketamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000003734 kidney Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229940001447 lactate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940099584 lactobionate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- JYTUSYBCFIZPBE-AMTLMPIISA-N lactobionic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]([C@H](O)CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O JYTUSYBCFIZPBE-AMTLMPIISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940070765 laurate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000013016 learning Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003902 lesion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000265 leukocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- FDXQKWSTUZCCTM-ZUIJCZDSSA-N levoprotiline Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2C2(C[C@@H](O)CNC)C3=CC=CC=C3C1CC2 FDXQKWSTUZCCTM-ZUIJCZDSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950003041 levoprotiline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960004194 lidocaine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003859 lipid peroxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AFRJJFRNGGLMDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium amide Chemical compound [Li+].[NH2-] AFRJJFRNGGLMDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RENRQMCACQEWFC-UGKGYDQZSA-N lnp023 Chemical compound C1([C@H]2N(CC=3C=4C=CNC=4C(C)=CC=3OC)CC[C@@H](C2)OCC)=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 RENRQMCACQEWFC-UGKGYDQZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004807 localization Effects 0.000 description 1
- KSMAGQUYOIHWFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lofexidine Chemical compound N=1CCNC=1C(C)OC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl KSMAGQUYOIHWFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960005209 lofexidine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007937 lozenge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000005230 lumbar spinal cord Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BMQVDVJKPMGHDO-UHFFFAOYSA-K magnesium;potassium;chloride;sulfate;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[Mg+2].[Cl-].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BMQVDVJKPMGHDO-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940049920 malate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N malic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000030159 metabolic disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002503 metabolic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- YXVZOBVWVRFPTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N metapramine Chemical compound CNC1CC2=CC=CC=C2N(C)C2=CC=CC=C12 YXVZOBVWVRFPTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950006180 metapramine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000001160 methoxycarbonyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000004184 methoxymethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])OC([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- CXKWCBBOMKCUKX-UHFFFAOYSA-M methylene blue Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC2=[S+]C3=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C3N=C21 CXKWCBBOMKCUKX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000002816 methylsulfanyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])S[*] 0.000 description 1
- 229960000907 methylthioninium chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960003955 mianserin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 210000000274 microglia Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000002025 microglial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003657 middle cerebral artery Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000003470 mitochondria Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000002438 mitochondrial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006540 mitochondrial respiration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008811 mitochondrial respiratory chain Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002911 monocyclic heterocycle group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229960004715 morphine sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GRVOTVYEFDAHCL-RTSZDRIGSA-N morphine sulfate pentahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.OS(O)(=O)=O.O([C@H]1[C@H](C=C[C@H]23)O)C4=C5[C@@]12CCN(C)[C@@H]3CC5=CC=C4O.O([C@H]1[C@H](C=C[C@H]23)O)C4=C5[C@@]12CCN(C)[C@@H]3CC5=CC=C4O GRVOTVYEFDAHCL-RTSZDRIGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002757 morpholinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 210000002161 motor neuron Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000035772 mutation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002107 myocardial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- GMLWPXAKHNIIIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-[1-(3-morpholin-4-ylpropyl)indol-5-yl]thiophene-2-carboximidamide Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1C(=N)NC(C=C1C=C2)=CC=C1N2CCCN1CCOCC1 GMLWPXAKHNIIIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QXUONOPYZJRVKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-diethyl-2-[5-nitro-2-[[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methyl]indol-1-yl]ethanamine Chemical compound C=1C2=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=CC=C2N(CCN(CC)CC)C=1CC1=CC=C(OC(F)(F)F)C=C1 QXUONOPYZJRVKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LMUQHXHWJWQXSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(4-bromophenyl)-3-oxo-4,5-diphenylpyrazolidine-1-carboxamide Chemical compound C1=CC(Br)=CC=C1NC(=O)N1C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C(=O)N1 LMUQHXHWJWQXSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MUWKAPGYHBLRER-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[2-(2-chlorophenoxy)ethyl]cyclopropanamine Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1OCCNC1CC1 MUWKAPGYHBLRER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WLBWQZSHSMFQGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[2-(2-iodophenoxy)ethyl]cyclopropanamine;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.IC1=CC=CC=C1OCCNC1CC1 WLBWQZSHSMFQGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SYSQUGFVNFXIIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[4-(1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)phenyl]-4-nitrobenzenesulfonamide Chemical class C1=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)NC1=CC=C(C=2OC3=CC=CC=C3N=2)C=C1 SYSQUGFVNFXIIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- MLPSDBJCWIYSEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methyl-9,10,10-trioxothioxanthene-3-carboxamide Chemical compound C1=CC=C2S(=O)(=O)C3=CC(C(=O)NC)=CC=C3C(=O)C2=C1 MLPSDBJCWIYSEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SEEYREPSKCQBBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methylmaleimide Chemical compound CN1C(=O)C=CC1=O SEEYREPSKCQBBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- KVBGVZZKJNLNJU-UHFFFAOYSA-M naphthalene-2-sulfonate Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(S(=O)(=O)[O-])=CC=C21 KVBGVZZKJNLNJU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004923 naphthylmethyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12)C* 0.000 description 1
- IOMMMLWIABWRKL-WUTDNEBXSA-N nazartinib Chemical compound C1N(C(=O)/C=C/CN(C)C)CCCC[C@H]1N1C2=C(Cl)C=CC=C2N=C1NC(=O)C1=CC=NC(C)=C1 IOMMMLWIABWRKL-WUTDNEBXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000017074 necrotic cell death Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960000751 nefopam Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000001971 neopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 210000001577 neostriatum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000005036 nerve Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000001640 nerve ending Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 108010062847 neurofilament protein NF 68 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 210000004498 neuroglial cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000007971 neurological deficit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003227 neuromodulating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008555 neuronal activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008587 neuronal excitability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006748 neuronal sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002981 neuropathic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960002715 nicotine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nicotine Natural products CN1CCCC1C1=CC=CN=C1 SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000001968 nicotinic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011664 nicotinic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002840 nitric oxide donor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000929 nociceptor Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 108091008700 nociceptors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229960001073 nomifensine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XXPANQJNYNUNES-UHFFFAOYSA-N nomifensine Chemical compound C12=CC=CC(N)=C2CN(C)CC1C1=CC=CC=C1 XXPANQJNYNUNES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000036963 noncompetitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002474 noradrenergic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WIQRCHMSJFFONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N norfluoxetine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(CCN)OC1=CC=C(C(F)(F)F)C=C1 WIQRCHMSJFFONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ITIXDWVDFFXNEG-JHOUSYSJSA-N olcegepant Chemical compound C([C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N1CCN(CC1)C=1C=CN=CC=1)NC(=O)N1CCC(CC1)N1C(NC2=CC=CC=C2C1)=O)C1=CC(Br)=C(O)C(Br)=C1 ITIXDWVDFFXNEG-JHOUSYSJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940049964 oleate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 201000005040 opiate dependence Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000014 opioid analgesic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001181 organosilyl group Chemical group [SiH3]* 0.000 description 1
- 229940053544 other antidepressants in atc Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000012261 overproduction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001715 oxadiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- JMJRYTGVHCAYCT-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxan-4-one Chemical compound O=C1CCOCC1 JMJRYTGVHCAYCT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000160 oxazolidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002971 oxazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- VBEZUCAXMREMFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxitriptyline Chemical compound C1CC2=CC=CC=C2C(OCC(=O)N(C)C)C2=CC=CC=C21 VBEZUCAXMREMFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950005156 oxitriptyline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000003232 p-nitrobenzoyl group Chemical group [N+](=O)([O-])C1=CC=C(C(=O)*)C=C1 0.000 description 1
- MUJIDPITZJWBSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium(2+) Chemical compound [Pd+2] MUJIDPITZJWBSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Pd+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229960005489 paracetamol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009054 pathological process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004963 pathophysiological condition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000006340 pentafluoro ethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000538 pentafluorophenyl group Chemical group FC1=C(F)C(F)=C(*)C(F)=C1F 0.000 description 1
- JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L peroxydisulfate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000002085 persistent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000144 pharmacologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229950010883 phencyclidine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001190 pheniramine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000000951 phenoxy group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(O*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- KHUXNRRPPZOJPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenoxy radical Chemical compound O=C1C=C[CH]C=C1 KHUXNRRPPZOJPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000006678 phenoxycarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- COLNVLDHVKWLRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylalanine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 COLNVLDHVKWLRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006366 phosphorylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229950004354 phosphorylcholine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000000612 phthaloyl group Chemical group C(C=1C(C(=O)*)=CC=CC1)(=O)* 0.000 description 1
- OXNIZHLAWKMVMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N picric acid Chemical class OC1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O OXNIZHLAWKMVMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MFZOSKPPVCIFMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N pinazepam Chemical compound C12=CC(Cl)=CC=C2N(CC#C)C(=O)CN=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 MFZOSKPPVCIFMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002034 pinazepam Drugs 0.000 description 1
- IWELDVXSEVIIGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N piperazin-2-one Chemical compound O=C1CNCCN1 IWELDVXSEVIIGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004193 piperazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003386 piperidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005547 pivalate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- FIADGNVRKBPQEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N pizotifen Chemical compound C1CN(C)CCC1=C1C2=CC=CC=C2CCC2=C1C=CS2 FIADGNVRKBPQEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004572 pizotifen Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000902 placebo Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940068196 placebo Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000036470 plasma concentration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010118 platelet activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000003367 polycyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 206010036067 polydipsia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006977 prepulse inhibition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000000770 proinflammatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011321 prophylaxis Methods 0.000 description 1
- STJLVHWMYQXCPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N propiconazole Chemical compound O1C(CCC)COC1(C=1C(=CC(Cl)=CC=1)Cl)CN1N=CN=C1 STJLVHWMYQXCPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003712 propranolol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009979 protective mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003586 protic polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000020016 psychiatric disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 125000003373 pyrazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003072 pyrazolidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002755 pyrazolinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003226 pyrazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002098 pyridazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000719 pyrrolidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001422 pyrrolinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000168 pyrrolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004621 quinuclidinyl group Chemical group N12C(CC(CC1)CC2)* 0.000 description 1
- 229960000279 quinupramine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- JCBQCKFFSPGEDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinupramine Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2CCC2=CC=CC=C2N1C(C1)C2CCN1CC2 JCBQCKFFSPGEDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006340 racemization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002516 radical scavenger Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002464 receptor antagonist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000005962 receptors Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108020003175 receptors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000029865 regulation of blood pressure Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008327 renal blood flow Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010410 reperfusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000004043 responsiveness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- JUQLTPCYUFPYKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N ritanserin Chemical compound CC=1N=C2SC=CN2C(=O)C=1CCN(CC1)CCC1=C(C=1C=CC(F)=CC=1)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 JUQLTPCYUFPYKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950009626 ritanserin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HJORMJIFDVBMOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N rolipram Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C2CC(=O)NC2)C=C1OC1CCCC1 HJORMJIFDVBMOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950005741 rolipram Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 208000026451 salivation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000036280 sedation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940124834 selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- MEZLKOACVSPNER-GFCCVEGCSA-N selegiline Chemical compound C#CCN(C)[C@H](C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 MEZLKOACVSPNER-GFCCVEGCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003946 selegiline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000008790 seltzer Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008313 sensitization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001235 sensitizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009209 sensory transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036303 septic shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003772 serotonin uptake inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000018316 severe headache Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- UNAANXDKBXWMLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sibutramine Chemical compound C=1C=C(Cl)C=CC=1C1(C(N(C)C)CC(C)C)CCC1 UNAANXDKBXWMLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004425 sibutramine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000011664 signaling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- AWUCVROLDVIAJX-GSVOUGTGSA-N sn-glycerol 3-phosphate Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)COP(O)(O)=O AWUCVROLDVIAJX-GSVOUGTGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bromide Inorganic materials [Na+].[Br-] JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000003195 sodium channel blocking agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012312 sodium hydride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000104 sodium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000009518 sodium iodide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000014347 soups Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003413 spiro compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003003 spiro group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000008925 spontaneous activity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012289 standard assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005797 stannylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000024188 startle response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003637 steroidlike Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003431 steroids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000006152 substance dependence Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000003523 substantia nigra Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003900 succinic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940124530 sulfonamide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960004940 sulpiride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000008093 supporting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000829 suppository Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002511 suppository base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000946 synaptic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005062 synaptic transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003899 tartaric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005931 tert-butyloxycarbonyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(OC(*)=O)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000005207 tetraalkylammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000006169 tetracyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- CBXCPBUEXACCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylammonium Chemical compound CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC CBXCPBUEXACCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005958 tetrahydrothienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QEMXHQIAXOOASZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethylammonium Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)C QEMXHQIAXOOASZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003831 tetrazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- ZXFRFPSZAKNPQQ-YTWAJWBKSA-N tezampanel Chemical compound C([C@@H]1C[C@@H]2C[C@H](NC[C@@H]2CC1)C(=O)O)CC=1N=NNN=1 ZXFRFPSZAKNPQQ-YTWAJWBKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000335 thiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003567 thiocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004568 thiomorpholinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000000451 tissue damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000827 tissue damage Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000011200 topical administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000699 topical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000005490 tosylate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000196 tragacanth Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010487 tragacanth Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940116362 tragacanth Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PHTUQLWOUWZIMZ-GZTJUZNOSA-N trans-dothiepin Chemical compound C1SC2=CC=CC=C2C(=C/CCN(C)C)/C2=CC=CC=C21 PHTUQLWOUWZIMZ-GZTJUZNOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009901 transfer hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000844 transformation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009261 transgenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011830 transgenic mouse model Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960003741 tranylcypromine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000001425 triazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000006168 tricyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004044 trifluoroacetyl group Chemical group FC(C(=O)*)(F)F 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- IEDVJHCEMCRBQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoprim Chemical compound COC1=C(OC)C(OC)=CC(CC=2C(=NC(N)=NC=2)N)=C1 IEDVJHCEMCRBQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001082 trimethoprim Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000000026 trimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([*])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- LYRCQNDYYRPFMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyltin Chemical class C[Sn](C)C LYRCQNDYYRPFMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CCRMAATUKBYMPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyltin Chemical compound C[Sn](C)C.C[Sn](C)C CCRMAATUKBYMPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002431 trimipramine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZSCDBOWYZJWBIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimipramine Chemical compound C1CC2=CC=CC=C2N(CC(CN(C)C)C)C2=CC=CC=C21 ZSCDBOWYZJWBIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K tripotassium phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 235000019798 tripotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001665 trituration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002221 trityl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1C([*])(C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1[H])[H])[H])[H])[H])C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- ZDPHROOEEOARMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecanoic acid Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZDPHROOEEOARMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000036325 urinary excretion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M valerate Chemical class CCCCC([O-])=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000005526 vasoconstrictor agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000024883 vasodilation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004515 ventral tegmental area Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019786 weight gain Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- BPKIMPVREBSLAJ-QTBYCLKRSA-N ziconotide Chemical compound C([C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H]2C(=O)N[C@@H]3C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@H](C(N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CSSC2)C(N)=O)=O)CSSC[C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CSSC3)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@H](C(N1)=O)CCSC)[C@@H](C)O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 BPKIMPVREBSLAJ-QTBYCLKRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002811 ziconotide Drugs 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D409/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D409/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing three or more hetero rings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/04—Centrally acting analgesics, e.g. opioids
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/06—Antimigraine agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/08—Antiepileptics; Anticonvulsants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/14—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating abnormal movements, e.g. chorea, dyskinesia
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/14—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating abnormal movements, e.g. chorea, dyskinesia
- A61P25/16—Anti-Parkinson drugs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/18—Antipsychotics, i.e. neuroleptics; Drugs for mania or schizophrenia
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/22—Anxiolytics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/24—Antidepressants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/30—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating abuse or dependence
- A61P25/36—Opioid-abuse
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
- A61P9/06—Antiarrhythmics
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
- C07D403/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings
- C07D403/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D405/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings
- C07D405/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D405/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing three or more hetero rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D409/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D409/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
- C07D409/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D471/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
- C07D471/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D471/08—Bridged systems
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Neurology (AREA)
- Neurosurgery (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Pain & Pain Management (AREA)
- Psychiatry (AREA)
- Psychology (AREA)
- Addiction (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Cardiology (AREA)
- Hospice & Palliative Care (AREA)
- Rheumatology (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Nitrogen Condensed Heterocyclic Rings (AREA)
- Plural Heterocyclic Compounds (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
- Indole Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
本发明的特征在于氧化氮合酶(NOS)的抑制剂,特别是选择性抑制神经元氧化氮合酶(nNOS)优先于其它NOS同工酶的那些抑制剂,本发明的NOS抑制剂,其单独或与其它药学活性剂组合,可用于治疗或预防诸如以下的病症:例如中风,再灌注损伤,神经变性病变,头部创伤,CABG,先兆型和无先兆型偏头痛头痛,有异常性疼痛的偏头痛,中风后中枢疼痛(CPSP),神经性疼痛,或慢性疼痛。
Description
技术背景
本发明涉及新的具有氧化氮合酶(NOS)抑制活性的1,5和3,6-取代的吲哚化合物,和含有它们的药物组合物和诊断组合物,以及它们的医药应用,特别是作为用于治疗中风、再灌注损伤、神经变性疾病、头部创伤、冠状动脉旁路移植物(CABG)相关的神经病学损伤、先兆型和无先兆型偏头痛、有异常性疼痛(allodynia)的偏头痛、慢性紧张型头痛(CTTH)、神经性疼痛、中风后中枢疼痛(CPSP)和慢性疼痛的化合物的医药应用。
背景技术
氧化氮(NO)在正常过程和病理过程中,包括血压调节,在神经传递中,和在巨噬细胞防御体系中,都具有不同的作用(Snyder等,ScientificAmerican,May 1992:68)。NO由三种同工型氧化氮合酶合成,它们分别是在内皮细胞内的组成型(eNOS)、在神经元细胞内的组成型(nNOS)和在巨噬细胞内发现的诱导型(iNOS)。这些酶是同型二聚体蛋白质,催化L-精氨酸的五电子氧化,得到NO和瓜氨酸。由每种NOS同工酶(isoform)产生的NO的作用是相当独特的。单独的NOS同工酶特别是nNOS和iNOS的过度刺激或过度产生在包括以下的几种疾病中起作用:脓毒性休克、关节炎、糖尿病、局部缺血-再灌注损伤、疼痛和各种神经变性疾病(Kerwin,等,J.Med.Chem.38:4343,1995),而eNOS抑制导致不需要的效果,如白细胞和血小板活化增强、高血压和动脉粥样化形成增加(Valance and Leiper,Nature Rev.Drug Disc.2002,1,939)。
NOS抑制剂具有在许多疾病中用作为治疗剂的潜力。然而,保持生理学上重要的氧化氮合酶功能暗示了对开发相对于eNOS优先抑制nNOS的同工酶选择性抑制剂的需求。
发明概述
本发明的特征在于式(I)的化合物:
其中,
R1是H、任选取代的C1-6烷基、任选取代的C1-4烷芳基、任选取代的C1-4烷杂环基或任选取代的C2-9杂环基;R2和R3中的每一个独立地是H、Hal、任选取代的C1-6烷基、任选取代的C6-10芳基、任选取代的C1-6烷芳基、任选取代的C2-9杂环基或任选取代的C1-4烷杂环基;R4是H、R4AC(NH)NH(CH2)r4或R4ANHC(S)NH(CH2)r4,其中r4是0-2的整数,R4A是任选取代的C1-6烷基、任选取代的C6-10芳基、任选取代的C1-4烷芳基、任选取代的C2-9杂环基、任选取代的C1-4烷杂环基、任选取代的C1-6硫代烷氧基(thioalkoxy)、任选取代的C1-4硫代烷芳基(thioalkaryl)、任选取代的芳酰基、任选取代的C1-4硫代烷杂环基或任选取代的氨基;和R5是H、R5AC(NH)NH(CH2)r5或R5ANHC(S)NH(CH2)r5,其中r5是0-2的整数,R5A是C1-6烷基、任选取代的C6-10芳基、任选取代的C1-4烷芳基、任选取代的C2-9杂环基、任选取代的C1-4烷杂环基、任选取代的C1-6硫代烷氧基(thioalkoxy)、任选取代的C1-4硫代烷芳基、任选取代的芳酰基、任选取代的C1-4硫代烷杂环基或任选取代的氨基;其中R4和R5中的一个,而不是两个,是H,和当R4是H时,R1是H,以及当R5是H时,R3是H。
在某些实施方案中,R1是H、任选取代的C1-6烷基或任选取代的C2-9杂环基,R2和R3中的每一个独立地是H、任选取代的C1-6烷芳基、任选取代的C6-10芳基或任选取代的C2-9杂环基;R4是H或R4AC(NH)NH(CH2)r4,其中r4是0-1的整数,R4A是任选取代的C2-9杂环基;或任选取代的氨基;以及R5是H或R5AC(NH)NH(CH2)r5,其中r5是0-1的整数,R5A是任选取代的C2-9杂环基,或任选取代的氨基。
在某些实施方案中,R1或R3是或其中Z是NR6以及o是0-3的整数,p是1-2的整数,q是0-2的整数以及r是0-1的整数,s是1-3的整数,u是0-1的整数,和t是5-7的整数,以及其中所述R1或R3取代基包括0-6个碳-碳双键或0或1个碳-氮双键。
在其它实施方案中,R3是H,R5是H,以及R4是其中X=O或S。对于这些化合物,R1还可以是任选取代的烷杂环基,任选取代的杂环基,或被NRGRH取代的烷基,其中RG和RH中的每一个独立地选自氢;1-6个碳原子的烷基;3-8个碳原子的环烷基;和烷环烷基(alkcycloalkyl),其中所述环烷基具有3-8个碳原子,以及所述亚烷基具有1-10个碳原子。R2还可以是C1-6烷基,任选取代的芳基,或任选取代的烷芳基。
优选地,相对于内皮氧化氮合酶(eNOS)或诱导型氧化氮合酶(iNOS),本发明的化合物选择性地抑制神经元氧化氮合酶(nNOS),以及特别是nNOS。
优选地,本发明的化合物在体内和体外试验中,相对于内皮氧化氮合酶(eNOS)或诱导型氧化氮合酶(iNOS),选择性地抑制神经元氧化氮合酶(nNOS)。优选地,当进行试验时化合物所观察到的在nNOS试验中的IC50或Ki值比在eNOS和/或iNOS试验中的IC50或Ki值低至少2倍。更优选地,IC50或Ki值低至少5倍。最优选地,IC50或Ki值低20倍或甚至50倍。在一个实施方案中,IC50或Ki值低2倍至50倍之间。在另一实施方案中,在eNOS中的IC50或Ki值大于10μM。更优选地,eNOS IC50或Ki大于20μM,最优选eNOS IC50或Ki大于30μM。
具体的示例性化合物在本文中进行描述。
另一方面,本发明的特征在于包括本发明的化合物和可药用赋形剂的药物组合物。
另一方面,本发明的特征在于治疗或预防哺乳动物诸如例如人中由氧化氮合酶(NOS)特别是nNOS的作用所引起的病症的方法,该方法包括对哺乳动物给药有效量的本发明的化合物。可被预防或治疗的病症的例子包括偏头痛头痛,有异常性疼痛的偏头痛,神经性疼痛,中风后中枢疼痛(CPSP),慢性紧张型头痛,慢性疼痛,急性脊髓损伤,糖尿病性肾病,炎性疾病,中风,再灌注损伤,头部创伤,心源性休克,CABG相关的神经病学损伤,HCA,AIDS相关痴呆,神经毒性,帕金森氏病,阿尔茨海默氏病,ALS,亨廷顿舞蹈病,多发性硬化,脱氧麻黄碱诱导的神经毒性,药物成瘾,吗啡/阿片样物质诱导的耐受性、依赖性、痛觉过敏或脱瘾,乙醇耐受性、依赖性或脱瘾性,癫痫,焦虑症,抑郁症,注意缺陷多动症或精神病。本发明的化合物特别地用于治疗中风,再灌注损伤,神经变性病变,头部创伤,CABG,先兆型和无先兆型偏头痛头痛,有异常性疼痛的偏头痛,慢性紧张型头痛,神经性疼痛,中风后中枢疼痛(PSP),吗啡/阿片样物质诱导的痛觉过敏,或慢性疼痛。特别地,1,5-取代的吲哚化合物可用于治疗中风后中枢疼痛(CPSP)。
本发明的化合物还可与一种或多种其它用于预防或治疗上述病症之一的治疗剂组合使用。可与本发明的化合物组合使用的治疗剂类别的例子和一些具体例子在表1中列出。
可与本发明的化合物组合使用的其它药剂包括阿片样物质、抗抑郁药、抗癫痫药、非甾体抗炎药(NSAIDs)、抗心律失常药;GABA-B拮抗剂;α-2-肾上腺素能受体激动剂;5-羟色胺5HT1B/1D激动剂,N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸盐拮抗剂,缩胆囊素B拮抗剂,物质P拮抗剂(NK1),抗炎化合物,DHP-敏感性L-型钙通道拮抗剂,ω-芋螺毒素(齐考诺肽)-敏感性N-型钙通道拮抗剂,P/Q-型钙通道拮抗剂,腺苷激酶拮抗剂,腺苷受体A1激动剂,腺苷受体A2a拮抗剂,腺苷受体A3激动剂,腺苷脱氨酶抑制剂,腺苷核苷转运抑制剂,香草素VR1受体激动剂,大麻素CB1/CB2激动剂,AMPA受体拮抗剂,红藻氨酸盐(kainate)受体拮抗剂,钠通道阻断剂(例如用于神经性疼痛的Nav 1.8阻断剂),烟碱样乙酰胆碱受体激动剂,KATP钾通道、Kv1.4钾通道、Ca2+-激活的钾通道、SK钾通道、BK钾通道、IK钾通道或KCNQ2/3钾通道开放剂,毒蕈碱样M3拮抗剂,毒蕈碱样M1激动剂,毒蕈碱样M2/M3部分激动剂/拮抗剂;和抗氧化剂。
表1.可与本发明的化合物组合使用的治疗剂
种类 | 实例 |
阿片样物质 | 阿芬太尼,布托啡诺,丁丙诺啡,可待因,右吗拉胺,右丙氧芬,地佐辛,双氢可待因,地芬诺酯,埃托啡,芬太尼,氢可酮,氢吗啡酮,凯托米酮,左啡诺,左美沙酮,美沙酮,美普他酚,吗啡,吗啡-6-葡糖苷酸,纳布啡,纳洛酮,羟考酮,羟吗啡酮,喷他佐辛,哌替啶,哌腈米特,瑞芬太尼,舒芬太尼,替利定和曲马多 |
抗抑郁药(选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂) | 阿拉丙酯,西酞普兰,氯咪帕明,依他普仑,非莫西汀,福西汀,氟伏沙明,帕罗西丁,舍曲林或苯吡烯胺 |
抗抑郁药(去甲肾上腺素再摄取抑制剂) | 阿地唑仑,amiltriptylinoxide,阿米庚酸,阿莫沙平,阿托西汀,丁氨苯丙酮,布替林,地昔帕明,多塞平,地昔帕明,马普替林,去甲替林(desmethylamitriptyline),地美替林,度硫平,fluacizine,丙咪嗪,丙咪嗪氧化物,伊普吲哚,洛非帕明,马普替林,美利曲辛,美他帕明,norclolipramine,肟替林,奥匹哌醇,哌拉平,苯噻啶,丙吡西平,奎纽帕明,瑞波西汀或噻奈普汀,托莫西汀,三甲丙咪嗪,或维洛沙秦 |
抗抑郁药(去甲肾上腺素/降甲肾上腺素再摄取抑制剂) | 阿托西汀,安非他酮,瑞波西汀或托莫西汀 |
抗抑郁药(5-羟色胺/去甲肾上腺素再摄取双重抑制剂) | 度洛西汀,米那普仑,mirtazapine,奈法唑酮或文拉法辛 |
种类 | 实例 |
非甾体抗炎药(NSAID) | 阿西美辛,阿司匹林,塞来昔布,德拉昔布,双氯芬酸,二氟尼柳,乙水杨胺,依托芬那酯,艾托考昔,非诺洛芬,氟芬那酸,氟比洛芬,氯那唑酸,氯诺昔康,布洛芬,吲哚美辛,伊索昔康,凯布宗,酮洛芬,酮咯酸,萘普生,萘丁美酮,尼氟酸,舒林酸,托美丁,吡罗昔康,甲氯芬那酸,甲芬那酸,美洛昔康,安乃近,莫非布宗,羟布宗,帕来昔康,芬尼定,保泰松,吡罗昔康,丙帕他莫,异丙安替比林,罗非昔布,水杨酰胺,舒洛芬,噻洛芬酸,替诺昔康,伐地昔布,4-(4-环己基-2-甲基噁唑-5-基)-2-氟苯磺酰胺,N-[2-(环己基氧基)-4-硝基苯基]甲磺酰胺,2-(3,4-二氟苯基)-4-(3-羟基-3-甲基丁氧基)-5-[4-(甲基磺酰基)苯基]-3(2H)-哒嗪酮,和2-(3,5-二氟苯基)-3-[4-(甲基磺酰基)苯基]-2-环戊烯-1-酮)。 |
5HT1B/1D激动剂 | 依来曲普坦,氟伐曲坦,那拉曲坦,利扎曲普坦,舒马普坦,阿莫曲坦,多尼普曲坦或佐米曲普坦 |
抗炎化合物 | 阿司匹林,塞来昔布,可的松,德拉昔布,二氟尼柳,艾托考昔,非诺洛芬,布洛芬,酮洛芬,萘普生,泼尼松龙,舒林酸,托美丁,吡罗昔康,甲芬那酸,美洛昔康,保泰松,罗非昔布,舒洛芬,伐地昔布,4-(4-环己基-2-甲基噁唑-5-基)-2-氟苯磺酰胺,N-[2-(环己基氧基)-4-硝基苯基]甲磺酰胺,2-(3,4-二氟苯基)-4-(3-羟基-3-甲基丁氧基)-5-[4-(甲基磺酰基)苯基]-3(2H)-哒嗪酮,或2-(3,5-二氟苯基)-3-[4-(甲基磺酰基)苯基]-2-环戊烯-1-酮 |
N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸盐拮抗剂和其它谷氨酸盐受体拮抗剂(例如,AMPA/钾盐镁矾 | 金刚烷胺;阿替加奈;besonprodil;布地品;conantokin G;delucemine;地塞比诺;右美沙芬;右丙氧芬;非尔氨酯;氟非尔氨酯;加环利定;甘氨酸;伊培沙宗;kaitocephalin;氯胺酮;凯托米酮;拉尼西明;利可替奈;米达福太;美金刚;D-美沙酮;D-吗啡;米那普仑;奈拉美生;奥芬那君;立马醋胺;sulfazocine;FPL-12,495(racemide代谢物);托吡酯;(αR)-α-氨基-5-氯-1-(膦酰基甲基)-1H-苯并咪唑-2-丙酸;1-氨基环戊烷-羧酸;[5-(氨基甲 |
种类 | 实例 |
(GluR5),MGluR,和iGluR)(MedicinalResearchReviews,2007;27(2):239-278和Basic& Clinical.Pharmacol.Toxicol.2005,97:202-213) | 基)-2-[[[(5S)-9-氯-2,3,6,7-四氢-2,3-二氧代-1H-,5H-吡啶并[1,2,3-de]喹喔啉-5-基]乙酰基]氨基]苯氧基]-乙酸;α-氨基-2-(2-膦酰基乙基)-环己烷丙酸;α-氨基-4-(膦酰基甲基)-苯乙酸;(3E)-2-氨基-4-(膦酰基甲基)-3-庚烯酸;3-[(1E)-2-羧基-2-苯基乙烯基]-4,6-二氯-1H-吲哚-2-羧酸;8-氯-2,3-二氢哒嗪并[4,5-b]喹啉-1,4-二酮5-氧化物与2-羟基-N,N,N-三甲基-乙胺鎓的盐;N′-[2-氯-5-(甲硫基)苯基]-N-甲基-N-[3-(甲硫基)苯基]-胍;N′-[2-氯-5-(甲硫基)苯基]-N-甲基-N-[3-[(R)-甲基亚磺酰基]苯基]-胍;6-氯-2,3,4,9-四氢-9-甲基-2,3-二氧代-1H-茚并[1,2-b]吡嗪-9-乙酸;7-氯硫代犬尿喹啉酸;(3S,4aR,6S,8aR)-十氢-6-(膦酰基甲基)-3-异喹啉羧酸;(-)-6,7-二氯-1,4-二氢-5-[3-(甲氧基甲基)-5-(3-吡啶基)-4-H-1,2,4-三唑-4-基]-2,3-喹喔啉二酮;4,6-二氯-3-[(E)-(2-氧代-1-苯基-3-亚吡咯烷基)甲基]-1H-吲哚-2-羧酸;(2R,4S)-rel-5,7-二氯-1,2,3,4-四氢-4-[[(苯基氨基)羰基]氨基]-2-喹啉羧酸;(3R,4S)-rel-3,4-二氢-3-[4-羟基-4-(苯基甲基)-1-哌啶基-]-2H-1-苯并吡喃-4,7-二醇;2-[(2,3-二氢-1H-茚-2-基)氨基]-乙酰胺;1,4-二氢-6-甲基-5-[(甲基氨基)甲基]-7-硝基-2,3-喹喔啉二酮;[2-(8,9-二氧代-2,6-二氮杂双环[5.2.0]壬-1(7)-烯-2-基)乙基]-膦酸;(2R,6S)-1,2,3,4,5,6-六氢-3-[(2S)-2-甲氧基丙基]-6,11,11-三甲基-2,6-methano-3-苯并吖辛因-9-醇;2-羟基-5-[[(五氟苯基)甲基]氨基]-苯甲酸;1-[2-(4-羟基苯氧基)乙基]-4-[(4-甲基苯基)甲基]-4-哌啶醇;1-[4-(1H-咪唑-4-基)-3-丁炔基]-4-(苯基甲基)-哌啶;2-甲基-6-(苯基乙炔基)-吡啶;3-(膦酰基甲基)-L-苯基丙氨酸;efenprodil,CP101606,Ro 256981,或3,6,7-四氢-2,3-二氧代-N-苯基-1H,5H-吡啶并[1,2,3-de]喹喔啉-5-乙酰胺 |
本发明的任何化合物中可存在不对称中心或手性中心。本发明预期了各种立体异构体及其混合物。本发明化合物的各个立体异构体可从市售的包含不对称中心或手性中心的原料制备、或者通过制备对映异构的化合物的混合物然后通过本领域普通技术人员公知的拆分技术合成。这些拆分方法为例如:(1)将对映体的外消旋混合物,表示为(+/-)结合到手性助剂上,通过重结晶或色谱法分离所得的非对映体并从助剂释放出光学纯产物,或(2)在手性色谱柱上直接分离光学对映体的混合物。另一种可选择的方式是,手性化合物可以通过相对于另一种对映体而言有利于制备一种对映体的不对称合成来制备。可供选择的是,可以使用手性库(pool)合成(始于对映异构纯的结构单元),其中手性基团或中心保留在中间体或最终产物中。本文中通过符号“R”或“S”表示对映体,根据手性碳原子周围的取代基的构型而定。或者,对映体被表示为(+)或(-),根据对映体的溶液是否分别以顺时针方向或逆时针方向绕偏振光平面旋转而定。
本发明的化合物还可存在几何异构体。本发明预期了由碳-碳双键周围取代基的排列得到的各种几何异构体及其混合物并将这些异构体表示为Z或E构型,其中术语“Z”表示在碳-碳双键相同侧上的取代基,术语“E”表示在碳-碳双键相对侧上的取代基。还应认识到其中可能存在互变异构形式的结构,除非另有说明,对一种互变异构形式的描述等价于对两种互变异构形式的描述。例如,式-C(=NRQ)NHRT和-C(NHRQ)=NRT(其中RT和RQ不同)的脒结构等价于互变异构结构并且对一种互变异构结构的描述固有地包括对另一种互变异构结构的描述。
应该理解,可由本领域普通技术人员选择本发明化合物上的取代基和取代形式,以提供化学上稳定的和可容易地通过本领域已知技术以及以下提出的方法从容易得到的起始原料合成的化合物。如果取代基本身被超过一个的基团取代,应该理解,只要产生稳定的结构,这些多个基团可能在相同的碳或不同的碳上。
本发明的其它特征和优点从以下说明和权利要求书将是显而易见的。
定义
本文可互换使用的术语“酰基”或“烷酰基”表示通过如本文定义的羰基与母体分子基团连接的如本文定义的烷基或氢,并且其例子为甲酰基,乙酰基,丙酰基,丁酰基等。示例性的未取代酰基包括2-7个碳。
本文使用的术语“Cx-y烷芳基”或“Cx-y亚烷基芳基”表示式-RR′所示的化学取代基,其中R为含x-y个碳的亚烷基和R′为如本文别处定义的芳基。类似地,术语“Cx-y烷杂芳基”、“Cx-y亚烷基杂芳基”表示式-RR"所示的化学取代基,其中R为含x-y个碳的亚烷基和R"为如本文别处定义的杂芳基。其它带有前缀“烷-”或“亚烷基-”的基团以类似的方式进行定义。示例性的未取代烷芳基具有7-16个碳。
术语“烷环烷基”表示通过亚烷基与母体分子基团连接的环烷基。
本文使用的术语“链烯基”,除非另有说明,表示含一个或多个碳-碳双键的2-6个碳的单价的直链或支链基团,并且其例子为乙烯基、1-丙烯基、2-丙烯基、2-甲基-1-丙烯基、1-丁烯基、2-丁烯基等。
术语“烷杂环基”表示通过亚烷基与母体分子基团连接的杂环基。示例性的未取代的烷杂环基具有2或3-14个碳。
术语“烷氧基”,除非另有说明,表示式-OR所示的化学取代基,其中R为具有1-6个碳的烷基。
术语“烷氧基烷基”表示被烷氧基取代的烷基。示例性的未取代的烷氧基烷基包括2-12个碳。
本文使用的术语“烷基”和前缀“烷-”,除非另有说明,包括含1-6个碳的直链和支链的饱和基团两者。示例性的烷基为甲基,乙基,正丙基和异丙基,正-、仲-、异-和叔丁基,新戊基等,并且可被1、2、3个独立选自以下的取代基、或者在含两个或多个碳的烷基的情况下可被4个独立选自以下的取代基任选取代:(1)含1-6个碳原子的烷氧基;(2)含1-6个碳原子的烷基亚磺酰基;(3)含1-6个碳原子的烷基磺酰基;(4)氨基;(5)芳基;(6)芳基烷氧基;(7)芳基酰基;(8)叠氮基;(9)甲醛基(carboxaldehyde);(10)含3-8个碳原子的环烷基;(11)卤代;(12)杂环基;(13)(杂环)氧基;(14)(杂环)酰基;(15)羟基;(16)N-保护的氨基;(17)硝基;(18)氧代;(19)含3-8个碳原子的螺烷基;(20)含1-6个碳原子的硫代烷氧基;(21)硫醇;(22)-CO2RA,其中RA选自(a)烷基、(b)芳基和(c)烷芳基,其中亚烷基具有1-6个碳原子;(23)-C(O)NRBRC,其中RB和RC各自独立地选自(a)氢、(b)烷基、(c)芳基和(d)烷芳基,其中亚烷基具有1-6个碳原子;(24)-SO2RD,其中RD选自(a)烷基、(b)芳基和(c)烷芳基,其中亚烷基具有1-6个碳原子;(25)-SO2NRERF,其中RE和RF各自独立地选自(a)氢、(b)烷基、(c)芳基和(d)烷芳基,其中亚烷基具有1-6个碳原子;和(26)-NRGRH,其中RG和RH各自独立地选自(a)氢;(b)N-保护基;(c)含1-6个碳原子的烷基;(d)含2-6个碳原子的链烯基;(e)含2-6个碳原子的炔基;(f)芳基;(g)烷芳基,其中亚烷基含1-6个碳原子;(h)含3-8个碳原子的环烷基;和(i)烷环烷基,其中环烷基含3-8个碳原子,亚烷基含1-10个碳原子,前提条件是没有两个基团通过羰基或磺酰基与氮原子连接。在其它例子中,烷基可以被一个、两个、三个取代基,或者在烷基为具有两个或更多个碳的情况中四个取代基取代,所述取代基独立地选自:(27)酰基,(28)羧基或(29)-NRGRH,其中RG和RH各自独立地选自(a)氢;(b)N-保护基;(c)含1-6个碳原子的烷基;(d)含2-6个碳原子的链烯基;(e)含2-6个碳原子的炔基;(f)芳基;(g)烷芳基,其中亚烷基具有1-6个碳原子;(h)含3-8个碳原子的环烷基;和(i)烷环烷基,其中环烷基含3-8个碳原子,和亚烷基含1-10个碳原子。烷基还可以被一个或多个选自(1)-(29)的基团取代。
本文使用的术语“亚烷基”表示通过从直链或支链的饱和烃除去两个氢原子衍生得到的饱和二价烃基,并且其例子为亚甲基、亚乙基、亚异丙基等。
本文使用的术语"烷基亚磺酰基"表示通过-S(O)-基团与母体分子基团连接的烷基。示例性的未取代烷基亚磺酰基含1-6个碳。
本文使用的术语"烷基磺酰基"表示通过-SO2-基与母体分子基团连接的烷基。示例性的未取代烷基磺酰基含1-6个碳。
本文使用的术语"烷基亚磺酰基烷基"表示被烷基亚磺酰基取代的如本文定义的烷基。示例性的未取代烷基亚磺酰基烷基含2-12个碳。
本文使用的术语"烷基磺酰基烷基"表示被烷基磺酰基取代的如本文定义的烷基。示例性的未取代烷基磺酰基烷基含2-12个碳。
本文使用的术语"炔基"表示含碳-碳三键的具有2-6个碳原子的单价的直链或支链基团,并且其例子为乙炔基、1-丙炔基等。
本文使用的术语"脒"表示-C(=NH)NH2基。
本文使用的术语"氨基"表示-NH2基团,或-NHRN1,其中RN1可以是OH、NO2、NH2、NRN2 2、SO2ORN2、SO2RN2、SORN2,以及其中RN2可以是H、烷基或芳基。
本文使用的术语"氨基烷基"表示被氨基取代的如本文定义的烷基。
本文使用的术语"芳基"表示含1或2个芳香环的单环或双环的碳环环系,并且其例子为苯基、萘基、1,2-二氢萘基、1,2,3,4-四氢萘基、芴基、2,3-二氢茚基、茚基等,并且可被1、2、3、4或5个独立地选自以下的取代基任选取代:(1)含1-6个碳原子的烷酰基;(2)含1-6个碳原子的烷基;(3)含1-6个碳原子的烷氧基;(4)烷氧基烷基,其中烷基和亚烷基独立地含1-6个碳原子;(5)含1-6个碳原子的烷基亚磺酰基;(6)烷基亚磺酰基烷基,其中烷基和亚烷基独立地含1-6个碳原子;(7)含1-6个碳原子的烷基磺酰基;(8)烷基磺酰基烷基,其中烷基和亚烷基独立地含1-6个碳原子;(9)芳基;(10)氨基;(11)含1-6个碳原子的氨基烷基;(12)杂芳基;(13)烷芳基,其中亚烷基含1-6个碳原子;(14)芳基酰基;(15)叠氮基;(16)含1-6个碳原子的叠氮基烷基;(17)甲醛基;(18)(甲醛基)烷基,其中亚烷基含1-6个碳原子;(19)含3-8个碳原子的环烷基;(20)烷环烷基,其中环烷基含3-8个碳原子和亚烷基含1-10个碳原子;(21)卤代;(22)含1-6个碳原子的卤代烷基;(23)杂环基;(24)(杂环基)氧基;(25)(杂环基)酰基;(26)羟基;(27)含1-6个碳原子的羟基烷基;(28)硝基;(29)含1-6个碳原子的硝基烷基;(30)N-保护的氨基;(31)N-保护的氨基烷基,其中亚烷基含1-6个碳原子;(32)氧代;(33)含1-6个碳原子的硫代烷氧基;(34)硫代烷氧基烷基,其中烷基和亚烷基独立地含1-6个碳原子;(35)-(CH2)qCO2RA,其中q为0-4的整数,和RA选自(a)烷基、(b)芳基和(c)烷芳基,其中亚烷基含1-6个碳原子;(36)-(CH2)qCONRBRC,其中q为0-4的整数并且其中RB和RC独立地选自(a)氢、(b)烷基、(c)芳基和(d)烷芳基,其中亚烷基含1-6个碳原子;(37)-(CH2)qSO2RD,其中q为0-4的整数并且其中RD选自(a)烷基、(b)芳基和(c)烷芳基,其中亚烷基含1-6个碳原子;(38)-(CH2)qSO2NRERF,其中q为0-4的整数并且其中RE和RF各自独立地选自(a)氢、(b)烷基、(c)芳基和(d)烷芳基,其中亚烷基含1-6个碳原子;(39)-(CH2)qNRGRH,其中q为0-4的整数并且其中RG和RH各自独立地选自(a)氢;(b)N-保护基;(c)含1-6个碳原子的烷基;(d)含2-6个碳原子的链烯基;(e)含2-6个碳原子的炔基;(f)芳基;(g)烷芳基,其中亚烷基含1-6个碳原子;(h)含3-8个碳原子的环烷基;和(i)烷环烷基,其中环烷基含3-8个碳原子和亚烷基含1-10个碳原子,前提条件是没有两个基团通过羰基或磺酰基与氮原子连接;(40)硫醇;(41)全氟烷基;(42)全氟烷氧基;(43)芳基氧基;(44)环烷氧基;(45)环烷基烷氧基;和(46)芳基烷氧基。在其它例子中,芳基可以被独立选自(47)羧基,(48)(烷酰基)烷基,其中亚烷基含1-6个碳原子;或(49)-NRGRH的一个、两个、三个、四个或五个取代基取代,其中RG和RH各自独立地选自(a)氢;(b)N-保护基;(c)含1-6个碳原子的烷基;(d)含2-6个碳原子的链烯基;(e)含2-6个碳原子的炔基;(f)芳基;(g)烷芳基,其中亚烷基含1-6个碳原子;(h)含3-8个碳原子的环烷基;和(i)烷环烷基,其中环烷基含3-8个碳原子和亚烷基含1-10个碳原子。芳基还可以被一个或多个选自(1)-(49)的基团取代。
本文使用的术语"芳基烷氧基"表示通过氧原子与母体分子基团连接的烷芳基。示例性的未取代芳基烷氧基含7-16个碳。
术语"芳基氧基",除非另有说明,表示式-OR′的化学取代基,其中R′为含6-18个碳的芳基。
本文可互换使用的术语"芳基酰基"和"芳酰基"表示通过羰基与母体分子基团连接的芳基。示例性的未取代芳基酰基含7-11个碳。
术语“叠氮基”表示N3基,其还可表示为N=N=N。
术语“叠氮基烷基”表示通过烷基与母体分子基团连接的叠氮基。
本文使用的术语"羰基"表示C(O)基,其还可表示为C=O。
术语"甲醛基"表示CHO基。
术语"甲醛基烷基"表示通过亚烷基与母体分子基团连接的甲醛基。
本文使用的术语“环烷基”,除非另有说明,表示含3-8个碳的单价的饱和或不饱和非芳香的环状烃基,并且其例子为环丙基,环丁基,环戊基,环己基,环庚基,双环[2.2.1.]庚基等。本发明的环烷基可被以下基团任选取代:(1)含1-6个碳原子的烷酰基;(2)含1-6个碳原子的烷基;(3)含1-6个碳原子的烷氧基;(4)烷氧基烷基,其中烷基和亚烷基独立地含1-6个碳原子;(5)含1-6个碳原子的烷基亚磺酰基;(6)烷基亚磺酰基烷基,其中烷基和亚烷基独立地含1-6个碳原子;(7)含1-6个碳原子的烷基磺酰基;(8)烷基磺酰基烷基,其中烷基和亚烷基独立地含1-6个碳原子;(9)芳基;(10)氨基;(11)含1-6个碳原子的氨基烷基;(12)杂芳基;(13)烷芳基,其中亚烷基含1-6个碳原子;(14)芳基酰基;(15)叠氮基;(16)含1-6个碳原子的叠氮基烷基;(17)甲醛基;(18)(甲醛基)烷基,其中亚烷基含1-6个碳原子;(19)含3-8个碳原子的环烷基;(20)烷环烷基,其中环烷基含3-8个碳原子和亚烷基含1-10个碳原子;(21)卤代;(22)含1-6个碳原子的卤代烷基;(23)杂环基;(24)(杂环基)氧基;(25)(杂环基)酰基;(26)羟基;(27)含1-6个碳原子的羟基烷基;(28)硝基;(29)含1-6个碳原子的硝基烷基;(30)N-保护的氨基;(31)N-保护的氨基烷基,其中亚烷基含1-6个碳原子;(32)氧代;(33)含1-6个碳原子的硫代烷氧基;(34)硫代烷氧基烷基,其中烷基和亚烷基独立地含1-6个碳原子;(35)-(CH2)qCO2RA,其中q为0-4的整数,并且RA选自(a)烷基、(b)芳基和(c)烷芳基,其中亚烷基含1-6个碳原子;(36)-(CH2)qCONRBRC,其中q为0-4的整数并且其中RB和RC独立地选自(a)氢、(b)烷基、(c)芳基和(d)烷芳基,其中亚烷基含1-6个碳原子;(37)-(CH2)qSO2RD,其中q为0-4的整数并且其中RD选自(a)烷基、(b)芳基和(c)烷芳基,其中亚烷基含1-6个碳原子;(38)-(CH2)qSO2NRERF,其中q为0-4的整数并且其中RE和RF各自独立地选自(a)氢、(b)烷基、(c)芳基和(d)烷芳基,其中亚烷基含1-6个碳原子;(39)-(CH2)qNRGRH,其中q为0-4的整数并且其中RG和RH各自独立地选自(a)氢;(b)N-保护基;(c)含1-6个碳原子的烷基;(d)含2-6个碳原子的链烯基;(e)含2-6个碳原子的炔基;(f)芳基;(g)烷芳基,其中亚烷基含1-6个碳原子;(h)含3-8个碳原子的环烷基;和(i)烷环烷基,其中环烷基含3-8个碳原子和亚烷基含1-10个碳原子,前提条件是没有两个基团通过羰基或磺酰基连接于氮原子;(40)硫醇;(41)全氟烷基;(42)全氟烷氧基;(43)芳基氧基;(44)环烷氧基;(45)环烷基烷氧基;和(46)芳基烷氧基。在其它例子中,环烷基可以被(47)羧基,(48)(烷酰基(alkonyl))烷基,其中亚烷基含1-6个碳原子;或(49)-NRGRH取代,其中RG和RH各自独立地选自(a)氢;(b)N-保护基;(c)含1-6个碳原子的烷基;(d)含2-6个碳原子的链烯基;(e)含2-6个碳原子的炔基;(f)芳基;(g)烷芳基,其中亚烷基含1-6个碳原子;(h)含3-8个碳原子的环烷基;和(i)烷环烷基,其中环烷基含3-8个碳原子和亚烷基含1-10个碳原子。环烷基还可以被一个或多个选自(1)-(49)的基团取代。
本文可互换使用的术语“环烷基氧基”或“环烷氧基”表示通过氧原子与母体分子基团连接的如本文定义的环烷基。示例性的未取代环烷基氧基含3-8个碳。
本文使用的术语药剂的"有效量"或"足量"是指足以实现有益的或所需的效果如临床结果的量,并且,因此,"有效量"根据药物应用的环境(context)而定。例如,在给药作为NOS抑制剂的药剂的环境下,药剂的有效量为例如,与没有给药该药剂所获得的应答相比,足以获得NOS活性降低效果的量。
本文使用的术语“卤化物”或“卤素”或“Hal”或“卤代”表示溴、氯、碘或氟。
本文使用的术语“杂芳基”表示如本文定义的杂环的子集,其为芳香性的,即,它们在单环或多环环系内含有4n+2个π电子。
本文可互换使用的术语“杂环”或“杂环基”,除非另有说明,表示含有1、2、3或4个独立地选自氮、氧和硫的杂原子的5-、6-或7-元环。5元环含0-2个双键,6-和7-元环含0-3个双键。术语“杂环基”还表示具有桥连多环结构的杂环化合物,其中一个或多个碳和/或杂原子桥连单环的两个非相邻成员,例如,奎宁环基。术语“杂环”还包括二环、三环和四环基团,其中以上所述的任何杂环与1、2或3个环稠合,所述环例如为芳基环、环己烷环、环己烯环、环戊烷环、环戊烯环和另外的单环杂环如吲哚基、喹啉基、异喹啉基、四氢喹啉基、苯并呋喃基、苯并噻吩基等。稠合杂环的例子包括托烷类和1,2,3,5,8,8a-六氢中氮茚。杂环包括吡咯基、吡咯啉基、吡咯烷基、吡唑基、吡唑啉基、吡唑烷基、咪唑基、咪唑啉基、咪唑烷基、吡啶基、哌啶基、高哌啶基、吡嗪基、哌嗪基、嘧啶基、哒嗪基、噁唑基、噁唑烷基、异噁唑基、异噁唑烷基、吗啉基、硫代吗啉基、噻唑基、噻唑烷基、异噻唑基、异噻唑烷基、吲哚基、喹啉基、异喹啉基、苯并咪唑基、苯并噻唑基、苯并噁唑基、呋喃基、噻吩基、噻唑烷基、异噻唑基、异吲唑基、三唑基、四唑基、噁二唑基、uricyl、噻二唑基、嘧啶基、四氢呋喃基、二氢呋喃基、四氢噻吩基、二氢噻吩基、二氢吲哚基、四氢喹啉基、四氢异喹啉基、吡喃基、二氢吡喃基、二噻唑基、苯并呋喃基、苯并噻吩基等。杂环基还包括下式所示化合物:
F′选自-CH2-、-CH2O-和-O-,G′选自-C(O)-和-(C(R′)(R"))v-,其中R’和R”各自独立地选自氢或含1-4个碳原子的烷基,v为1-3,并且包括诸如1,3-苯并间二氧杂环戊烯基、1,4-苯并二氧杂环己基等的基团。本文提到的杂环基团可被1、2、3、4或5个取代基任选取代,取决于杂环的类型,所述取代基独立地选自:(1)含1-6个碳原子的烷酰基;(2)含1-6个碳原子的烷基;(3)含1-6个碳原子的烷氧基;(4)烷氧基烷基,其中烷基和亚烷基独立地含1-6个碳原子;(5)含1-6个碳原子的烷基亚磺酰基;(6)烷基亚磺酰基烷基,其中烷基和亚烷基独立地含1-6个碳原子;(7)含1-6个碳原子的烷基磺酰基;(8)烷基磺酰基烷基,其中烷基和亚烷基独立地含1-6个碳原子;(9)芳基;(10)氨基;(11)含1-6个碳原子的氨基烷基;(12)杂芳基;(13)烷芳基,其中亚烷基含1-6个碳原子;(14)芳基酰基;(15)叠氮基;(16)含1-6个碳原子的叠氮基烷基;(17)甲醛基;(18)(甲醛基)烷基,其中亚烷基含1-6个碳原子;(19)含3-8个碳原子的环烷基;(20)烷环烷基,其中环烷基含3-8个碳原子和亚烷基含1-10个碳原子;(21)卤代;(22)含1-6个碳原子的卤代烷基;(23)杂环基;(24)(杂环基)氧基;(25)(杂环基)酰基;(26)羟基;(27)含1-6个碳原子的羟基烷基;(28)硝基;(29)含1-6个碳原子的硝基烷基;(30)N-保护的氨基;(31)N-保护的氨基烷基,其中亚烷基含1-6个碳原子;(32)氧代;(33)含1-6个碳原子的硫代烷氧基;(34)硫代烷氧基烷基,其中烷基和亚烷基独立地含1-6个碳原子;(35)-(CH2)qCO2RA,其中q为0-4的整数并且RA选自(a)烷基、(b)芳基和(c)烷芳基,其中亚烷基含1-6个碳原子;(36)-(CH2)qCONRBRC,其中q为0-4的整数并且其中RB和RC独立地选自(a)氢、(b)烷基、(c)芳基和(d)烷芳基,其中亚烷基含1-6个碳原子;(37)-(CH2)qSO2RD,其中q为0-4的整数并且其中RD选自(a)烷基、(b)芳基和(c)烷芳基,其中亚烷基含1-6个碳原子;(38)-(CH2)qSO2NRERF,其中q为0-4的整数并且其中RE和RF各自独立地选自(a)氢、(b)烷基、(c)芳基和(d)烷芳基,其中亚烷基含1-6个碳原子;(39)-(CH2)qNRGRH,其中q为0-4的整数并且其中RG和RH各自独立地选自(a)氢;(b)N-保护基;(c)含1-6个碳原子的烷基;(d)含2-6个碳原子的链烯基;(e)含2-6个碳原子的炔基;(f)芳基;(g)烷芳基,其中亚烷基含1-6个碳原子;(h)含3-8个碳原子的环烷基;和(i)烷环烷基,其中环烷基含3-8个碳原子和亚烷基含1-10个碳原子,前提条件是没有两个基团通过羰基或磺酰基连接于氮原子;(40)硫醇;(41)全氟烷基;(42)全氟烷氧基;(43)芳基氧基;(44)环烷氧基;(45)环烷基烷氧基;和(46)芳基烷氧基。在其它例子中,杂环被(47)羧基,(48)(烷酰基)烷基,其中亚烷基含1-6个碳原子;或(49)-NRGRH取代,其中RG和RH各自独立地选自(a)氢;(b)N-保护基;(c)含1-6个碳原子的烷基;(d)含2-6个碳原子的链烯基;(e)含2-6个碳原子的炔基;(f)芳基;(g)烷芳基,其中亚烷基含1-6个碳原子;(h)含3-8个碳原子的环烷基;和(i)烷环烷基,其中环烷基含3-8个碳原子,和亚烷基含1-10个碳原子。杂环还可以被一个或多个选自(1)-(49)的基团取代。如本领域已知的那样,杂环可以是螺环化合物,其中杂原子或碳原子与两个二价基团连接形成至少一个双环结构。
本文可互换使用的术语“杂环基氧基”和“(杂环)氧基”表示通过氧原子与母体分子基团连接的如本文定义的杂环基。
本文可互换使用的术语“杂环基酰基”和“(杂环)酰基”表示通过羰基与母体分子基团连接的如本文定义的杂环基。
本文使用的术语“羟基”(hydroxy)或“羟基”(hydroxyl)表示-OH基。
本文使用的术语“羟基烷基”表示被1-3个羟基取代的如本文定义的烷基,前提条件是不多于一个羟基可连接于烷基的单个碳原子并且其例子为羟基甲基,二羟基丙基等。
与功能或活性如NOS活性有关的术语“抑制”(inhibit)或“抑制”(suppress)或“降低”是指,当与除了所关心的条件或参数之外其它都相同的条件相比,或者与另外的条件相比,降低功能或活性。
本文使用的术语“N-保护的氨基”是指其上连接有如本文定义的N-保护基或氮保护基的如本文定义的氨基。
本文使用的术语“N-保护基”和“氮保护基”表示意在保护氨基避免其在合成过程中发生不希望的反应的那些基团。常用的N-保护基在Greene,“Protective Groups In Organic Synthesis,”3rd Edition(John Wiley & Sons、New York、1999)中公开,其作为参考并入本文。N-保护基包括酰基、芳酰基、或氨基甲酰基如甲酰基、乙酰基、丙酰基、新戊酰基、叔丁基乙酰基、2-氯乙酰基、2-溴乙酰基、三氟乙酰基、三氯乙酰基、邻苯二甲酰基、邻硝基苯氧基乙酰基、α-氯丁酰基、苯甲酰基、4-氯苯甲酰基、4-溴苯甲酰基、4-硝基苯甲酰基,和手性助剂如保护的或未保护的D-、L-或D,L-氨基酸,如丙氨酸、亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸等;磺酰基如苯磺酰基、对甲苯磺酰基等;形成氨基甲酸酯的基团,如苄氧基羰基、对-氯苄氧基羰基、对-甲氧基苄氧基羰基、对-硝基苄氧基羰基、2-硝基苄氧基羰基、对-溴苄氧基羰基、3,4-二甲氧基苄氧基羰基、3,5-二甲氧基苄氧基羰基、2,4-二甲氧基苄氧基羰基、4-甲氧基苄氧基羰基、2-硝基-4,5-二甲氧基苄氧基羰基、3,4,5-三甲氧基苄氧基羰基、1-(对-联苯基)-1-甲基乙氧基羰基、α,α-二甲基-3,5-二甲氧基苄氧基羰基、二苯甲基氧基羰基、叔丁氧基羰基、二异丙基甲氧基羰基、异丙氧基羰基、乙氧基羰基、甲氧基羰基、烯丙基氧基羰基、2,2,2,-三氯乙氧基羰基、苯氧基羰基、4-硝基苯氧基羰基、芴基-9-甲氧基羰基、环戊基氧基羰基、金刚烷基氧基羰基、环己基氧基羰基、苯基硫代(thio)羰基等、芳基烷基如苄基、三苯基甲基、苄氧基甲基等和甲硅烷基如三甲基甲硅烷基,等等。优选的N-保护基是甲酰基、乙酰基、苯甲酰基、新戊酰基、叔丁基乙酰基、丙氨酰基(alanyl)、苯基磺酰基、苄基、叔丁氧基羰基(Boc)和苄氧基羰基(Cbz)。
本文使用的术语“硝基”表示-NO2基。
本文使用的术语“氧代”表示=O。
本文使用的术语“全氟烷基”表示如本文定义的烷基,其中每个连接于烷基的氢基团被氟化物基团所取代。全氟烷基的例子为三氟甲基、五氟乙基等。
本文使用的术语“全氟烷氧基”表示如本文定义的烷氧基,其中每个连接于烷氧基的氢基团被氟化物基团所取代。
本文使用的术语“可药用的盐”表示在正确的医学判断范围内适用于接触人和动物的组织而没有不适当的毒性、刺激性、变态反应等并且与合理的利益/风险比相称的那些盐。可药用的盐在本领域中是公知的。例如,S.M Berge等在J.Pharmaceutical Sciences 66:1-19,1977中详述了可药用的盐。这些盐可在本发明化合物的最终分离和纯化过程中原地制备,或者通过游离碱基团与适当的有机酸反应而单独地制备。代表性的酸加成盐包括乙酸盐、己二酸盐、藻酸盐、抗坏血酸盐、天冬氨酸盐、苯磺酸盐、苯甲酸盐、硫酸氢盐、硼酸盐、丁酸盐、樟脑酸盐(camphorate)、樟脑磺酸盐、柠檬酸盐、环戊烷丙酸盐、二葡糖酸盐、十二烷基硫酸盐、乙磺酸盐、富马酸盐、葡庚糖酸盐、甘油磷酸盐、半硫酸盐、庚糖酸盐、己酸盐、氢溴酸盐、氢氯酸盐、氢碘酸盐、2-羟基-乙磺酸盐、乳糖酸盐、乳酸盐、月桂酸盐、月桂基硫酸盐、苹果酸盐、马来酸盐、丙二酸盐、甲磺酸盐、2-萘磺酸盐、烟酸盐、硝酸盐、油酸盐、草酸盐、棕榈酸盐、双羟萘酸盐、果胶酯酸盐、过硫酸盐、3-苯基丙酸盐、磷酸盐、苦味酸盐、新戊酸盐、丙酸盐、硬脂酸盐、琥珀酸盐、硫酸盐、酒石酸盐、硫氰酸盐、甲苯磺酸盐、十一烷酸盐、戊酸盐等。代表性的碱或碱土金属盐包括钠、锂、钾、钙、镁等的盐,以及无毒的铵盐、季铵盐和胺阳离子盐,包括但不限于铵、四甲基铵、四乙基铵、甲胺、二甲基胺、三甲基胺、三乙基胺、乙基胺等的盐。
本文使用的术语“可药用的前药”表示在合理的医学判断范围内适合用于接触人和动物的组织而没有(with)不适当的毒性、刺激性、变态反应等并与合理的利益/风险比相称的本发明化合物的那些前药,它们能有效地用于其预定用途,并且表示如果可能的话,本发明化合物的两性离子形式。
本文使用的术语“Ph”是指苯基。
本文使用的术语“前药”表示在体内例如通过在血液内的水解迅速转化成上式所示的母体化合物的化合物。本发明化合物的前药可以是常规的酯。一些用作前药的常见的酯是苯基酯、脂族(C8-C24)酯、酰基氧基甲酯、氨基甲酸酯和氨基酸酯。例如,含有OH基的本发明的化合物在其前药形式中可以在该位置被酰基化。在T.Higuchi and V.Stella,Pro-drugs as Novel Delivery Systems,Vol.14 of the A.C.S.SymposiumSeries,Edward B.Roche,ed.,Bioreversible Carriers in Drug Design,American Pharmaceutical Association and Pergamon Press,1987,和Judkins等,Synthetic Communications 26(23):4351-4367,1996中进行了充分的论述,上述文献各自作为参考并入本文。其它前药包括C1-C7脂族酯和胆固醇酯。
术语“选择性抑制nNOS”或“选择性的nNOS抑制剂”各自是指这样的物质,诸如例如通过体外试验诸如例如本文中所述的那些试验,与eNOS和/或iNOS同工酶相比,能更有效地抑制或结合nNOS同工酶的本发明的化合物。选择性抑制可以按照IC50值、Ki值、或抑制百分数值的倒数表示,当物质在nNOS试验中检验时这些数值低于所述物质在eNOS和/或iNOS试验中检验得到的数值,或相反具有更高的%抑制。优选地,IC50或Ki值低2倍。更优选IC50或Ki值低5倍。最优选IC50或Ki值低10倍,或甚至低50倍。
本文使用的术语“溶剂化物”是指其中在晶格内并入适当溶剂的分子的本发明的化合物。适当的溶剂是在给药剂量下生理学上可耐受的。适当的溶剂的例子是乙醇、水等。当水是溶剂时,该分子称为“水合物”。
本文使用的术语“螺烷基”表示亚烷基双基,该基团两端与母体基团的同一碳原子结合形成螺环基。
本文使用的术语“磺酰基”表示-S(O)2-基。
本文使用的术语“硫代烷杂环基”表示被杂环基取代的硫代烷氧基。
本文使用的术语“硫代烷氧基”表示通过硫原子与母体分子基团连接的烷基。示例性的未取代的烷硫基含1-6个碳。
术语“硫醇”表示-SH基。
如本文中使用的,并且如本领域所充分理解的那样,“治疗”是获得有益或所需的结果例如临床结果的方法。有益或所需的结果可以包括但不限于一种或多种症状或病症的缓解或改善;疾病、紊乱或病症的程度的减弱;疾病、紊乱或病症的状态的稳定(即非恶化);疾病、紊乱或病症的蔓延的预防;疾病、紊乱或病症的发展的延迟或减慢;疾病、紊乱或病症的改善或减轻;和可检测的或不可检测的缓和(无论是部分或完全缓和)。“治疗”还指,同若未接受治疗的预期存活期相比,存活期延长。“减轻”疾病、紊乱或病症是指,同未治疗的程度或时程相比,疾病、紊乱或病症的程度和/或不希望的临床表现被减弱和/或进展时程减慢或延长。该术语还包括预防性治疗。
附图的简要说明
图1表示在用于神经性疼痛的Chung脊神经结扎(SNL)模型试验(触觉异常性疼痛和热痛觉过敏)中使用的实验设计的流程图。
图2表示在大鼠内在L5/L6脊神经结扎(Chung神经性疼痛模型)后i.p.给药化合物107 10和60mg/kg对热痛觉过敏的逆转的作用。
详细说明
本发明涉及新的具有氧化氮合酶(NOS)抑制活性的1,5-和3,6-取代的吲哚化合物,和含有它们的药物组合物和诊断组合物,以及它们的医学应用,特别是作为用于治疗中风、再灌注损伤、神经变性疾病、头部创伤、冠状动脉旁路移植物(CABG)相关的神经病学损伤、先兆型(aura)和无先兆型偏头痛、有异常性疼痛(allodynia)的偏头痛、慢性紧张型头痛(CTTH)、神经性疼痛、中风后中枢疼痛(CPSP)、慢性疼痛、预防或减少阿片样物质诱导的痛觉过敏、阿片样物质诱导的耐受性和脱瘾、以及化学品依赖性和成瘾的化合物的医学应用。表2中给出了示例性的本发明化合物。
表2.
制备本发明化合物的方法
本发明的化合物可以通过类似于在本领域中建立的那些方法制备,例如,通过方案1-12中所示的反应顺序。
式IV化合物其中R1、R2和R3如本文其它地方所定义,可以在标准烷基化条件下制备,通过式II的化合物用式III的化合物或其适当被保护的衍生物处理,其中R1如上所定义,所不同的是,R1不是H,以及“LG”是离去基团,例如,氯、溴、碘或磺酸酯(例如甲磺酸酯、甲苯磺酸酯或三氟甲磺酸酯)。影响式II化合物与式III化合物的烷基化的条件可以包括,例如,加热式II化合物和式III化合物,有或者没有溶剂,任选在适宜的碱存在下(参见方案1)。
方案1
或者,式IV化合物的制备,或其适当被保护的衍生物,其中R2和R3如本文对于式I化合物所定义以及R1是(CH2)m1X1,其中X1是
其中R1A和R1B中的每一个独立地是H、任选取代的C1-6烷基、任选取代的C3-8环烷基、任选取代的C6-10芳基、任选取代的C1-4烷芳基、C2-9杂环基或任选取代的C1-4烷杂环基;R1C和R1D中的每一个独立地是H、OH、CO2R1E或NR1FR1G,其中R1E、R1F和R1G的每一个独立地是H、任选取代的C1-6烷基、任选取代的C3-8环烷基、任选取代的C6-10芳基、任选取代的C1-4烷芳基、C2-9杂环基或任选取代的C1-4烷杂环基,或R1C和R1D与它们所连接的碳一起是C=O;Z1是NR1H、NC(O)R1H、NC(O)OR1H、NC(O)NHR1H、NC(S)R1H、NC(S)NHR1H、NS(O)2R1H、O、S、S(O)或S(O)2,其中R1H是H、任选取代的C1-6烷基、任选取代的C3-8环烷基、任选取代的C6-10芳基、任选取代的C1-4烷芳基、C2-9杂环基或任选取代的C1-4烷杂环基;m1是2-6的整数;n1是1-4的整数;p1是0-2的整数;q1是0-5的整数;s1是0-2的整数;以及t1是0-5的整数,并且包括式V的化合物,其中LG是适宜的离去基团,例如,氯、溴、碘或磺酸酯(例如甲磺酸酯、甲苯磺酸酯或三氟甲磺酸酯),与式VI的化合物在如方案2所示的标准烷基化条件下的反应,其中X1如上所定义。或者,式V的化合物,其中LG表示醛、酯或酰氯基团,可以与式VI的化合物反应。当LG是醛基时,标准还原性胺化条件(Abdel-Majid等.J.Org.Chem.61:3849-3862,1996)可以使用适宜的还原剂,例如NaBH4、NaBH(OAc)3、NaCNBH4等,在醇溶剂中,例如乙醇,以生成式VII的化合物。该还原性胺化反应可以在一个反应中进行,或者所述源于式V的化合物与式VI的化合物混合的亚胺可以原位进行,接着用适宜的还原剂依序还原。当LG是酰氯或酯基时,优选活性酯,例如,五氟苯基酯或羟基琥珀酰亚胺酯,式V的化合物与式X1-H的化合物或其适当保护的衍生物的反应,继之使用适宜的还原剂例如,BH3还原所得酰胺,得到式VIII的化合物。式V的化合物可以使用如WO 00/38677中所述的标准方法制备。
方案2
式IV化合物或其适当保护的衍生物,其中R2和R3如本文对于式I化合物所定义;LG是适宜的离去基团,例如,氯、溴、碘或磺酸酯(例如甲磺酸酯、甲苯磺酸酯或三氟甲磺酸酯);和X3是
其中R3A、R3B、R3C、R3D、Z3、n3、p3和q3如上面R1A、R1B、R1C、R1D、Z1、n1、p1和q1所定义,可以根据方案3制备,例如,通过将式IX的化合物用草酰氯在合适的溶剂中处理,例如,醚,以生成式X的化合物。随后与胺X3-H反应,接着用还原剂还原,例如LiAlH4,根据标准方法(Blair等,J.Med.Chem.43:4701-4710,2000;Speeter andAnthony,J.Am.Chem.Soc.76:6208-6210,1954)生成式XI的化合物。
方案3
使用如文献(Russell等,J.Med.Chem.42:4981-5001,1999;Cooper等,Bioorg.Med.Chem.Lett.11:1233-1236,2001;Sternfeld等,J.Med.Chem.42:677-690,1999)中所述的标准方法,式XIVa、XIVb、XVa或XVb的化合物,或其适当被保护的衍生物;X3是
其中R3A、R3B、R3C、R3D、Z3、n3、p3和q3如本文其它地方所定义;X2是
其中R2A、R2B、R2C、R2D、Z2、n2、p2和q2如上面R1A、R1B、R1C、R1D、Z1、n1、p1和q1所定义;r2和r3如上面m1所定义;以及LG是适宜的离去基团,例如,氯、溴、碘或三氟甲磺酸酯,可以根据方案4制备,通过胺X3-H或X2-H分别用式XII;或XIIIa或XIIIb的化合物处理;其中Y是适宜的离去基团,例如,氯、溴、碘或磺酸酯(例如甲磺酸酯或甲苯磺酸酯)。该Y基团可以由适宜的醇(即,Y=OH)使用标准技术制得。
方案4
式XVIa和XVIb的化合物其中X2是苯基或芳基,X是离去基团LG如氯、溴、碘或磺酸酯(例如甲磺酸酯、三氟甲磺酸酯或甲苯磺酸酯),或者硝基或N-保护的氨基,可以通过式XVIa或XVIb的化合物与适宜的烷基化试剂(r2是1)X2-(CH2)r2Y在碱和合适的溶剂存在下反应制得,其中Y是适宜的离去基团,例如,氯、溴、碘或磺酸酯(例如甲磺酸酯、三氟甲磺酸酯或甲苯磺酸酯)。适宜的碱的例子包括氢氧化钾或氢氧化钠等,在极性溶剂如DMSO或DMF中(Organic Syntheses,Col.Vol 6,p104)。式XVIIIa和XVIIIb的化合物其中r2是1和X2是苯基或芳基以及X如上所定义,可以如Synthetic Communications,27(12),2033-2039(1997)中所述,分别由XVIIa和XVIIb通过在加热条件下在催化剂存在下1,2-迁移制得,所述催化剂优选多磷酸(PPA)。
方案5
式XXIVa或XXIVb的化合物,其中LG、Z、o、p、q、s、t和u如本文其它地方所定义,可以如方案6所示通过类似于之前所述的方法制备(参见,例如,Coe等,Tett.Lett.37(34):6045-6048,1996)。式XIX的化合物可以与二甲基甲酰胺二甲缩醛以及适宜的碱如吡咯烷在加热下在合适的溶剂如DMF中反应,得到化合物XX。当LG是卤素如氯、溴或碘时,XXI的化合物可以通过式XX的化合物用酸性甲醇处理,接着还原该硝基制备,所述酸性甲醇优选是在无水甲醇中的HCl。适宜的还原条件包括在回流乙醇中的连二亚硫酸钠。
方案6
通过用适宜的醛XXII(Y=H)或酮XXII,在标准还原性胺化条件下处理,式XXI的化合物可以转化为XXIIIa或XXIIIb(例如参见:Abdel-Majid等.J.Org.Chem.61:3849-3862,1996)。或者,通过胺XXI与相应的羧酸XXII(Y=OH),在本领域已知的标准酰胺偶合条件下偶合,接着用还原剂例如LiAlH4还原酰胺键,可以制备式XXIIIa或XXIIIb的化合物。或者,通过XXII(Y=OH)与氯甲酸酯试剂反应,Y=OH可以转化为适宜的离去基团例如混合酸酐。适宜的氯甲酸酯包括氯甲酸乙酯等在非质子传递溶剂中例如,THF,在叔胺碱如三乙胺等存在下。通过与适宜的白蛋白酸(protic acid)在醇溶剂中成环,可以制备式XXIVa或XXIVb的化合物。优选地,所述条件使用HCl在无水甲醇中。
或者,式XXIVa的化合物可以根据方案7进行制备。式XXV的化合物可以与式XXII的羧酸(Y=OH)其中Z、o、p、q和r如本文其它地方所定义,在标准酰胺键形成条件下偶合。标准条件包括例如,EDCI在HOBT存在下在极性溶剂如DMF中。或者,通过XXII(Y=OH)与氯甲酸酯试剂反应,Y=OH可以转化为适宜的离去基团例如混合酸酐。适宜的氯甲酸酯包括氯甲酸乙酯等在非质子传递溶剂中例如,THF,在叔胺碱如三乙胺等存在下。使用适宜的还原剂,例如氢化铝锂,例如在适宜的非质子溶剂如THF中在室温下至回流,XXIV的酰胺键可以还原成式XXVII的化合物。如果Z是N-保护的氮例如N-CBz,该保护基可以还原成相应的甲基。根据如文献(Sugasawa等.Chem.Pharm.Bull.Vol 33,1827-1835,1985)中所述的方法,XXVII的化合物可以氯乙酰化反应,得到式XXVIII的化合物。优选的氯乙酰化反应条件包括使用氯乙腈(chloroacetonitrole)在路易斯酸存在下,例如三氯化硼,接着水解为氯酮XXVIII。使用还原剂在适宜的碱存在下,式XXVIII的化合物可以还原和成环得到XXIVa。优选的条件使用硼氢化钠在乙醇中在冷却下。
方案7
因此,式XXIX、XXX或XXXI的化合物,其中Z1、Z、p1和q1、o、p、q、r和s如本文其它地方所定义,可以由式XXVIII的化合物如方案8所示制备,通过类似于之前所述的那些方法(参见,例如,Perregaard等,J.Med.Chem.35:4813-4822,1992;Rowley等,J.Med.Chem.44:1603-1614,2001)。适宜的酮与吲哚XXVIII在适宜条件下反应,将生成相应的含双键化合物。根据底物的性质,适宜条件包括在适宜的碱如吡咯烷或KOH存在下在质子溶剂如乙醇或甲醇中加热该酮和XXVIII。取决于底物中保护基是否存在,例如当使用酸稳定的保护基时,可以使用酸性条件。适宜的酸性条件包括在乙酸中在磷酸(H3PO4)存在下加热该吲哚化合物和该酮。通过在Pd/C中在适宜的溶剂如乙醇、甲醇等中催化氢化,或通过在水中在阮内镍和适宜的共溶剂如甲醇或乙醇存在下用水合肼还原,可以还原式XXIX、XXX或XXXI化合物中的双键。在Pd/碳中氢化可以同时还原硝基和双键。当仅需要还原硝基而不还原双键时,使用在阮内镍存在下的肼是优选的方法。优选地,所述反应时间最小化以防止双键的过度还原。或者,用Pb中毒的钯/碳酸钙可以用于选择性还原硝基,而没有还原双键。在这种情况下,所述氢源可以是氢气或来自转移氢化试剂如甲酸、甲酸铵或四烷基甲酸铵。
方案8
式XXVa或XXVb的化合物,其中R1、R2和R3如式I中所定义,可以通过分别在如方案7所示的标准条件下还原式XXIVa或XXIVb的化合物或适当保护的衍生物的硝基制备。在一种实例中,标准还原条件包括使用SnCl2在极性溶剂中,例如,乙醇,在回流温度下。或者,使用适宜的催化剂,例如钯/碳在乙醇中或另外溶剂或溶剂的组合,通过分别氢化式XXIVa或XXIVb的化合物,可以制得式XXVa或XXVb的化合物。
通过式XVIb的化合物其中X是硝基、N-保护的氨基(例如NBz基团)或卤素与N-烷基马来酰亚胺,例如,N-甲基马来酰亚胺,在回流乙酸中反应(方案9;参见Macor等37,2509,1994),可以制得本发明式XXXIII的更具体化合物其中Z1是烷基。用还原剂例如氢化铝锂(LiAlH4)在THF中,可以达到XXXII的酰胺键的还原。
方案9
式XXXV的具体化合物其中X如之前所定义,优选X是硝基,以及R8和R9独立地是H或烷基,可以根据方案10制备。吲哚XVIb与1,4-环己二酮单亚甲基缩酮(1,4-cyclohexadione monomethylene ketal)在回流甲醇或乙醇存在下在碱例如KOH、NaOH、吡咯烷等存在下反应,得到式XXXII的化合物。将所述缩酮在酸性条件下水解(Hydrodrolysis),得到式XXXIII的化合物。优选的条件包括在丙酮中在室温下10%HCl溶液。通过标准还原性胺化条件,用式NHR8R9的胺,可以制得式XXXIV的化合物。当R8或R9是H时,可以通过标准技术实现式XXIV或XXXV化合物的胺官能团的保护。适宜的保护基包括氨基甲酸酯例如乙基、叔丁基(Boc)等,必要时其可以通过标准脱保护技术除去。优选的保护基是Boc保护基。式XXXV的化合物其中R8或R9是H、烷基或N-保护的,可以通过在Pd/碳中在合适的溶剂如乙醇、甲醇等中氢化制备。在式XXXV的化合物的情况中,可能出现顺式和反式非对映异构体的混合物。这些非对映异构体的分离可以通过柱色谱或通过HPLC实现。
方案10.
式XXXVIIa或XXVIIb的化合物其中R1、R2和R3如本文所定义,可以通过用SnCl2在回流乙醇中还原相应的硝基或在Pd/碳中氢化制备。还原硝基的其它技术,例如使用水合肼和阮内-Ni,在本领域中是已知的。
方案11
如方案12所示,式XXXVIIa或XXVIIb的化合物还可以分别通过式XXVIa或XXVIb的化合物的金属催化胺化制备,其中LG是氯、溴、碘或三氟甲磺酸酯(Wolfe等.J.Org.Chem.65:1158-1174,2000)在适宜的氨同等物存在下,例如二苯甲酮亚胺,LiN(SiMe3)2、Ph3SiNH2、NaN(SiMe3)2,或氨基锂(Huang and Buchwald,Org.Lett.3(21):3417-3419,2001)。适宜的金属催化剂的例子包括,例如,与适宜配体配位的钯催化剂。或者,对于钯催化的胺化反应来说,适宜的离去基团可以是全氟丁基磺酸酯(nonaflate)(Anderson等,J.Org.Chem.68:9563-9573,2003)或硼酸(Antilla and Buchwald,Org.Lett.3(13):2077-2079,2001)当所述金属是铜盐时,例如乙酸铜(II),在适宜的添加剂存在下,例如2,6-卢剔啶。在钯(0)或钯(II)催化剂存在下,优选的离去基团是溴。适宜的钯催化剂包括三-二亚苄基丙酮二钯(Pd2dba3)和乙酸钯(PdOAc2),优选地Pd2dba3。对于钯来说,适宜的配体可以很大改变,并且可以包括,例如,XantPhos、BINAP、DPEphos、dppf、dppb、DPPP、(o-联苯基)-P(t-Bu)2、(o-联苯基)-P(Cy)2、P(t-Bu)3、P(Cy)3等(Huang and Buchwald,Org.Lett.3(21):3417-3419,2001)。优选地,所述配体是P(t-Bu)3。所述Pd-催化胺化反应在合适的溶剂中进行,例如THF、二噁烷、甲苯、二甲苯、DME等,在室温至回流的温度范围内进行。
方案12
式XXXIXa或XXXIXb的化合物,其中R4A或R5A中的每一个如本文其它地方所定义和Q是芳基(例如苯基),C1烷芳基(例如萘甲基)或烷基(例如甲基)或者是市场上可买到的或可以通过式XXXVIIIa或XXXVIIIb的氰基化合物与式XL的含硫醇化合物反应制备(方案13)。这种转化的其它例子描述在现有技术中(参见,例如,Baati等,Synlett6:927-9,1999;EP 262873 1988,Collins等,J.Med.Chem.41:15,1998)。
方案13
如方案14所示,式XLIa或XLIb的化合物,其中R1、R2、R3、R4A或R5A如本文其它地方所定义,可以分别通过式XXXIXa或XXXIXb的化合物与式XXXVIIa或XXXVIIb的化合物反应制备,其中Q如上所定义。式XLIc的化合物可以通过式XXXVIIa的化合物与1-甲基-3-硝基-1-亚硝基胍反应制备。
方案14
在有些情况下,上述的化学过程可被修饰,例如,通过使用保护基以防止由于活性基团诸如作为取代基被连接的活性基团所导致的副反应。这可通过在Protective Groups in Organic Chemistry,”McOmie,Ed.,Plenum Press,1973和在Greene and Wuts,“Protective Groups in OrganicSynthesis,”John Wiley & Sons,3rd Edition,1999中所述的常规的保护基完成。
本发明的化合物、以及在制备本发明的化合物中的中间体可以使用常规技术,包括提取、色谱法、蒸馏和重结晶,从它们的反应混合物中分离和纯化(如有必要)。
所需的化合物盐的形成使用标准技术完成。例如,用酸在适当的溶剂中处理中性化合物,形成的盐通过过滤、提取或任何其它适当的方法分离。
本发明的化合物的溶剂化物的形成将根据化合物和溶剂化物的不同而变化。通常,溶剂化物的形成通过将化合物溶解在适当的溶剂中并通过冷却或添加逆溶剂(antisolvent)分离溶剂化物进行。溶剂化物通常在环境条件下进行干燥或共沸处理。
本发明的化合物的光学异构体的制备可在不会引起外消旋作用的反应条件下通过适当的旋光活性起始原料的反应进行。或者,单独的对映体的分离可通过使用标准技术诸如例如分步结晶法或手性HPLC法分离外消旋混合物进行。
放射性标记的本发明的化合物的制备可使用本领域已知的标准方法进行。例如,使用标准技术诸如例如采用氚气体和催化剂将本发明化合物的适当前体氢化而将氚引入到本发明的化合物中。或者,包含放射性碘的本发明的化合物的制备可采用标准的碘化条件,诸如在氯胺-T的存在下在适当的溶剂诸如二甲基甲酰胺中的[125I]碘化钠,从相应的三烷基锡(适当地为三甲基锡)衍生物进行。三烷基锡化合物的制备可从相应的非放射性的卤代(适当地为碘代)化合物开始,使用标准的钯催化的甲锡烷基化(stannylation)条件,诸如例如六甲基二锡,在四(三苯膦)钯(0)的存在下,在惰性溶剂诸如二氧杂环己烷中,并且在高温(适当地为50℃-100℃)条件下进行。
药学应用
本发明的特征在于本发明化合物的全部应用,包括它们在治疗方法中的应用,无论所述化合物单独或与另外的治疗物质组合使用,以及涉及其在用于抑制NOS活性的组合物中的应用,它们在诊断试验中的应用,以及它们作为研究工具的应用。
本发明的化合物具有有用的NOS抑制活性,并因此可用于治疗或降低那些通过降低NOS活性得以改善的疾病或病症的风险。所述的疾病或病症包括其中氧化氮的合成或过度合成具有促进作用的那些疾病或病症。
因此,本发明的特征在于治疗或降低由NOS活性所引起的疾病或病症的风险的方法,该方法包括对有此需要的细胞或动物给药有效量的本发明的化合物。所述疾病或病症包括例如先兆型或无先兆型偏头痛头痛,神经性疼痛,慢性紧张型头痛,慢性疼痛,急性脊髓损伤,糖尿病性神经病,糖尿病性肾病,炎性疾病,中风,再灌注损伤,头部创伤,心源性休克,CABG相关的神经病学损伤,HCA,AIDS相关痴呆,神经毒性,帕金森氏病,阿尔茨海默氏病,ALS,亨廷顿舞蹈病,多发性硬化,脱氧麻黄碱诱导的神经毒性,药物成瘾,吗啡/阿片样物质诱导的耐受性、依赖性、痛觉过敏或脱瘾(withdrawal),乙醇耐受性、依赖性或脱瘾性,癫痫,焦虑症,抑郁症,注意缺陷多动症,中风后中枢疼痛(CPSP),和精神病。
下列描述是在NOS抑制和这些病症中的一些病症之间的相关性的概述和基础。
偏头痛
Asciano Sobrero在1847年首次观察到少量硝酸甘油(NO释放剂)引起剧烈头痛而得出偏头痛的氧化氮假说(Olesen等,Cephalagia15:94-100,1995)。临床上用于治疗偏头痛的5-羟色胺能5HT1D/1B激动剂如舒马普坦已知在偏头痛发作期间在缺脑回动物和多脑回动物的脑中防止皮层展布性抑郁,该过程是引起NO广泛释放的过程。的确,已经表明舒马普坦改变在大鼠中在注入三硝酸甘油后人为增强的皮层NO水平(Read等,Brain Res.847:1-8,1999;在同处,870(1-2):44-53,2000)。在偏头痛的人的随机双盲临床试验中,观察到在单次i.v.给药L-NG甲基精氨酸盐酸盐(L-NMMA,NOS抑制剂)后有67%的应答率。该作用不是简单的血管收缩的结果,因为在中间脑动脉中没有观察到对穿颅多普勒确定速度的效果(Lassen等,Lancet 349:401-402,1997)。在使用NO清除剂羟钴胺的开放的初步研究中,在53%的患者中观察到偏头痛发作频率减少50%,还观察到偏头痛发作的总持续时间减少(van der Kuy等,Cephalgia 22(7):513-519,2002)。
有异常性疼痛的偏头痛
临床研究表明多至75%的患者在偏头痛发作期间表现皮肤的异常性疼痛(皮肤敏感性增强),并且在偏头痛期间皮肤的异常性疼痛发展对曲坦类5HT1B/1D激动剂的抗偏头痛作用是不利的(Burstein等,Ann.Neurol.47:614-624,2000;Burstein等,Brain,123:1703-1709,2000)。虽然早期给药曲坦类药物如舒马普坦可以终止偏头痛疼痛,但是舒马普坦的晚期干预不能终止偏头痛疼痛或逆转已经与异常性疼痛有关的偏头痛患者中的皮肤敏感性增强(Burstein等,Ann.Neurol.DOI:10.1002/ana.10785,2003;Burstein and Jakubowski,Ann.Neurol.,55:27-36,2004)。外周敏化和中枢敏化的发展与偏头痛的临床表现有关。在偏头痛患者中,在头痛发病后5-20分钟发生跳痛,而在20-120分钟开始出现皮肤的异常性疼痛(Burstein等,Brain,123:1703-1709,2000)。在大鼠中,用实验方法诱导的脑膜损伤感受器的外周敏化在对硬脑膜施用致炎性汤(I.S.)后5-20分钟内发生(Levy and Strassman,J.Physiol.,538:483-493,2002),而三叉神经血管神经元的中枢敏化在I.S.给药后20-120分钟内发展(Burstein等,J.Neurophysiol.79:964-982,1998)。抗偏头痛药物曲坦类如舒马普坦的早期或晚期给药对中枢敏化发展的并行效果已经在大鼠中被证明(Burstein and Jakubowski,参见上面)。因此,早期而非晚期给药舒马普坦可防止在中枢三叉神经血管神经元中发现的I.S.诱导的自发性活动的长期增加(偏头痛疼痛强度的临床相关指标)。另外,在大鼠中的晚期舒马普坦干预不能防止I.S.诱导的对眶周皮肤处的机械刺激的神经元敏感性,也不能降低对热的阈值(在眶周区域具有机械和热的异常性疼痛的患者的临床相关指标)。相反,早期给药舒马普坦防止I.S.诱导热和机械的超敏性。在中枢敏化发展后,晚期的舒马普坦干预逆转硬脑膜感受域的扩大并增加对硬脑膜凹口的敏感性(通过折转加重的疼痛跳痛的临床相关指标),尽管早期干预可防止其发展。
先前对偏头痛化合物诸如舒马普坦(Kaube等,Br.J.Pharmacol.109:788-792,1993)、佐米曲普坦(Goadsby等,Pain 67:355-359,1996)、那拉曲坦(Goadsby等,Br.J.Pharmacol.,328:37-40,1997)、利扎曲普坦(Cumberbatch等,Eur.J.Pharmacol.,362:43-46,1998)或L-471-604(Cumberbatch等,Br.J.Pharmacol.126:1478-1486,1999)的研究检验了它们对非敏化的中枢三叉神经血管神经元的效果(在正常条件下)并且由此没有反映它们在偏头痛的病理生理条件下的效果。尽管曲坦类药物在终止偏头痛跳痛中有效,不管是早期还是晚期给药,但是舒马普坦的外周作用在晚期干预后不能通过三叉神经血管神经元的中枢敏化效果终止有异常性疼痛的偏头痛疼痛。曲坦类药物的限制暗示了偏头痛疼痛治疗的改善可以通过使用那些可中断进行中的中枢敏化的药物如本发明的化合物实现。
已经表明系统性硝酸甘油在大鼠三叉神经的束核尾侧亚核内在4小时后增加nNOS水平和c-Fos-免疫活性神经元(神经元活化标识物),暗示了NO可能介导三叉神经神经元的中枢敏化(Pardutz等,Neuroreport11(14):3071-3075,2000)。另外,L-NAME在延长的(2小时)电刺激上矢状窦后可减少三叉神经束核尾侧亚核内的Fos表达(Hoskin等,Neurosci.Lett.266(3):173-6,1999)。将NOS抑制剂中断急性偏头痛发作的能力联系在一起(Lassen等,Cephalalgia 18(1):27-32,1998),本发明的化合物,其单独或与其它的抗伤害感受(antinociceptive)的药物组合使用,是用于中断在异常性疼痛发展后的患者中的偏头痛的优异候选治疗剂。
慢性头痛(CTTH)
NO有助于外周(Aley等,J.Neurosci.1:7008-7014,1998)和中枢神经系统(Meller and Gebhart,Pain 52:127-136,1993)的感觉传导。大量的实验证据表明,由来自外周的延长的伤害感受输入信号产生的中枢敏化增加了CNS内神经元的兴奋性,并且由NOS活化增加和NO合成引起、或者与NOS活化增加和NO合成有关(Bendtsen,Cephalagia 20:486-508,2000;Woolf and Salter,Science 288:1765-1769,2000)。已经表明,实验性输注NO供体—三硝酸甘油酯—诱导患者头痛。在双盲研究中,接受L-NMMA(NOS抑制剂)的慢性紧张型头痛患者的头痛强度明显降低(Ashina and Bendtsen,J.Headache Pain 2:21-24,2001;Ashina等,Lancet243(9149):287-9,1999)。因此,本发明的NOS抑制剂可用于治疗慢性紧张型头痛。
急性脊髓损伤、慢性疼痛或神经性疼痛
在人中,NO引起皮内注射疼痛(Holthusen and Arndt,Neurosci.Lett.165:71-74,1994),因此表明NO直接参与疼痛。另外,NOS抑制剂在正常条件下对伤害感受的传递没有什么作用或无作用(Meller and Gebhart,Pain 52:127-136,1993)。NO以外周、脊髓和脊椎上的水平参与伤害感受的信息的传递和调节(Duarte等,Eur.J.Pharmacol.217:225-227,1992;Haley等,Neuroscience 31:251-258,1992)。CNS的损害或功能障碍可能引起慢性疼痛症状(被称为中枢性疼痛)的发展,包括自发性疼痛、痛觉过敏、和对机械和冷的异常性疼痛(Pagni,Textbook of Pain,ChurchillLivingstone,Edinburgh,1989,pp.634-655;Tasker In:The Management ofPain,pp.264-283,J.J.Bonica(Ed.),Lea and Febiger,Philadelphia,PA,1990;Casey,Pain and Central Nervous System Disease:The Central PainSyndromes,pp.1-11 K.L.Casey(Ed.),Raven Press,New York,1991)。已经证明NOS抑制剂7-NI和L-NAME的系统给药(i.p.)缓解脊髓损伤大鼠中的慢性异常性疼痛样症状(Hao and Xu,Pain 66:313-319,1996)。7-NI的作用与显著的镇静作用无关并被L-精氨酸(NO前体)逆转。热痛觉过敏的保持被认为由腰部脊髓内的氧化氮介导并且可被鞘内给药氧化氮合酶抑制剂如L-NAME或可溶性鸟苷酸环化酶抑制剂亚甲基蓝所阻断(Neuroscience 50(1):7-10,1992)。因此,本发明的NOS抑制剂可用于治疗慢性或神经性疼痛。
糖尿病性神经病
内源性多胺代谢物胍基丁胺是精氨酸的代谢物,精氨酸既是NOS抑制剂又是N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸盐(NMDA)通道拮抗剂。胍基丁胺在神经性疼痛的脊神经结扎(SNL)模型以及糖尿病性神经病的链脲佐菌素模型中都有效(Karadag等,Neurosci.Lett.339(1):88-90,2003)。因此,具有NOS抑制活性的化合物诸如例如式I的化合物,作为NOS抑制剂和NMDA拮抗剂的组合,应当在治疗糖尿病性神经病及其它神经性疼痛病症中有效。
炎性疾病和神经炎症
LPS(公知的药理学工具)当静脉内给药时诱导许多组织中的炎症并活化整个脑区域的NFkB,其当局部注射进入striaitum内时还活化促炎基因(Stern等,J.Neuroimmunology,109:245-260,2000)。最近已经证明NMDA受体拮抗剂MK801和脑选择性nNOS抑制剂7-NI都降低脑内的NFkB活化并因此揭示了在神经炎症中对谷氨酸盐和NO通道的明确的作用(Glezer等,Neuropharmacology 45(8):1120-1129,2003)。因此,给药本发明的化合物,其单独或与NMDA拮抗剂的组合,在治疗由神经炎症导致的疾病中应当是有效的。
中风和再灌注损伤
NO在脑局部缺血中的作用可以是保护性或破坏性的,根据局部缺血过程的发展阶段和产生NO的细胞区室而定(Dalkara等,BrainPathology 4:49,1994)。虽然由eNOS产生的NO通过作为血管扩张剂来改善到受影响的区域的血流而可能是有利的(Huang等,J.Cereb.BloodFlow Metab.16:981,1996),但是由nNOS产生的NO促进局部缺血性半影的最初代谢性恶化,导致更大的梗塞(Hara等,J.Cereb.Blood FlowMetab.16:605,1996)。在局部缺血期间和随后的再灌注期间发生的代谢紊乱引起几个细胞因子的表达和释放,所述细胞因子活化几个细胞类型(包括中枢神经系统的一些细胞类型)中的iNOS。NO可通过iNOS在细胞毒水平产生,并且增加的iNOS水平促进半影中的进行性组织损伤,导致更大的梗塞(Parmentier等,Br.J.Pharmacol.127:546,1999)。已经表明i-NOS的抑制改善大鼠中的脑局部缺血性损伤(Am.J.Physiol.268:R286,1995)。
已经表明当在全脑局部缺血中联合给药NMDA拮抗剂(如MK-801或LY293558)与nNOS选择性抑制剂(7-NI或ARL17477)时观察到协同的神经保护作用(Hicks等,Eur.J.Pharmacol.381:113-119,1999)。因此,本发明的化合物,单独或与NMDA拮抗剂或具有nNOS/NMDA混合活性的化合物联合给药时,可能在治疗中风及其它神经变性疾病的病症中是有效的。
由冠状动脉旁路术导致的并发症
脑损伤和认知功能障碍仍然是经历冠状动脉旁路术(CABG)的患者的主要并发症(Roch等,N.Eng.J.Med.335:1857-1864,1996;Shaw等,Q.J.Med.58:59-68,1986)。这种术后脑损伤是由于手术前脑微栓塞所致局部缺血的结果。在NMDA拮抗剂立马醋胺的随机试验中,患者表现显著的学习能力的术后全面改善和缺陷减轻(Arrowsmith等,Stroke29:2357-2362,1998)。假定牵涉到由谷氨酸盐过度释放和钙内流产生的兴奋毒性(excitotoxicity),可以预期神经保护剂如本发明的化合物或NMDA拮抗剂,其单独或组合,可具有改善CABG后的神经病学结果的有利效果。
AIDS相关痴呆
HIV-1感染可以引起痴呆。HIV-1外壳蛋白gp-120在低皮摩尔水平下杀死初生皮层培养物中的神经元并需要外部的谷氨酸盐和钙(Dawson等,90(8):3256-3259,1993)。这一毒性可通过给药本发明的化合物(单独或与另外的治疗剂诸如例如NMDA拮抗剂的组合)被减弱。
可用于本发明任何组合的NMDA拮抗剂的例子包括阿替加奈;besonprodil;布地品;conantokin G;delucemine;地塞比诺;非尔氨酯;氟非尔氨酯;加环利定;甘氨酸;伊培沙宗;kaitocephalin;拉尼西明;利可替奈;米达福太;米那普仑;奈拉美生;奥芬那君;立马醋胺;托吡酯;(αR)-α-氨基-5-氯-1-(膦酰基甲基)-1H-苯并咪唑-2-丙酸;1-氨基环戊烷-羧酸;[5-(氨基甲基)-2-[[[(5S)-9-氯-2,3,6,7-四氢-2,3-二氧代-1H-,5H-吡啶并[1,2,3-de]喹喔啉-5-基]乙酰基]氨基]苯氧基]-乙酸;α-氨基-2-(2-膦酰基乙基)-环己烷丙酸;α-氨基-4-(膦酰基甲基)-苯乙酸;(3E)-2-氨基-4-(膦酰基甲基)-3-庚烯酸;3-[(1E)-2-羧基-2-苯基乙烯基]-4,6-二氯-1H-吲哚-2-羧酸;8-氯-2,3-二氢哒嗪并[4,5-b]喹啉-1,4-二酮5-氧化物与2-羟基-N,N,N-三甲基-乙胺鎓(ethanaminium)的盐;N′-[2-氯-5-(甲硫基)苯基]-N-甲基-N-[3-(甲硫基)苯基]-胍;N′-[2-氯-5-(甲硫基)苯基]-N-甲基-N-[3-[(R)-甲基亚磺酰基]苯基]-胍;6-氯-2,3,4,9-四氢-9-甲基-2,3-二氧代-1H-茚并[1,2-b]吡嗪-9-乙酸;7-氯硫代犬尿喹啉酸;(3S,4aR,6S,8aR)-十氢-6-(膦酰基甲基)-3-异喹啉羧酸;(-)-6,7-二氯-1,4-二氢-5-[3-(甲氧基甲基)-5-(3-吡啶基)-4-H-1,2,4-三唑-4-基]-2,3-喹喔啉二酮;4,6-二氯-3-[(E)-(2-氧代-1-苯基-3-亚吡咯烷基)甲基]-1H-吲哚-2-羧酸;(2R,4S)-rel-5,7-二氯-1,2,3,4-四氢-4-[[(苯基氨基)羰基]氨基]-2-喹啉羧酸;(3R,4S)-rel-3,4-二氢-3-[4-羟基-4-(苯基甲基)-1-哌啶基-]-2H-1-苯并吡喃-4,7-二醇;2-[(2,3-二氢-1H-茚-2-基)氨基]-乙酰胺;1,4-二氢-6-甲基-5-[(甲基氨基)甲基]-7-硝基-2,3-喹喔啉二酮;[2-(8,9-二氧代-2,6-二氮杂双环[5.2.0]壬-1(7)-烯-2-基)乙基]-膦酸;(2R,6S)-1,2,3,4,5,6-六氢-3-[(2S)-2-甲氧基丙基]-6,11,11-三甲基-2,6-亚甲基-3-苯并吖辛因-9-醇;2-羟基-5-[[(五氟苯基)甲基]氨基]-苯甲酸;1-[2-(4-羟基苯氧基)乙基]-4-[(4-甲基苯基)甲基]-4-哌啶醇;1-[4-(1H-咪唑-4-基)-3-丁炔基]-4-(苯基甲基)-哌啶;2-甲基-6-(苯基乙炔基)-吡啶;3-(膦酰基甲基)-L-苯丙氨酸;和3,6,7-四氢-2,3-二氧代-N-苯基-1H,5H-吡啶并[1,2,3-de]喹喔啉-5-乙酰胺或在美国专利No.6,071,966;6,034,134;和5,061,703中描述的那些。
心源性休克
心源性休克(CS)是急性心肌梗塞患者死亡的主要原因,其与NO和炎性细胞因子水平的增加相一致。高水平NO或过氧亚硝酸盐具有许多作用,包括直接抑制心肌收缩能力,抑制心肌内线粒体呼吸,改变葡萄糖代谢作用,降低儿茶酚胺响应性,和诱导全身血管舒张(Hochman,Circulation 107:2998,2003)。在11名持续性休克患者的临床研究中,给药NOS抑制剂L-NMMA导致尿输出量和血压增加以及最高达30天的72%的存活率(Cotter等,Circulation 101:1258-1361,2000)。在30名患者的随机试验中,据报导L-NAME使患者的死亡率从67%下降到27%(Cotter等,Eur.Heart.J.24(14):1287-95,2003)。类似地,给药本发明的化合物,单独或与另外的治疗剂联合使用,可用于治疗心源性休克。
焦虑症和抑郁症
最近在大鼠和小鼠的强迫游泳试验(FST)中的研究表明NOS抑制剂在小鼠中具有抗抑郁活性(Harkin等,Eur.J.Pharm.372:207-213,1999)并且它们的作用由5-羟色胺依赖机制介导(Harkin等,Neuropharmacology44(5):616-623,1993)。7-NI在大鼠十字迷宫试验中表现抗焦虑活性(Yildiz等,Pharmacology,Biochemistry and Behavior 65:199-202,2000),而选择性nNOS抑制剂TRIM在光-暗室试验中抑郁症和焦虑症的FST模型中都是有效的(Volke等,Behavioral Brain Research 140(1-2):141-7,2003)。对患病个体给药本发明的化合物,单独或与另外的治疗剂诸如例如抗抑郁药联合使用,可用于治疗焦虑症或抑郁症。
注意缺陷多动症
在自发性高血压(SHR)和那不勒斯低兴奋性(NHE)大鼠中对环境刺激的非选择性注意(NSA)已经用作注意缺陷多动症(ADHD)的动物模型(Aspide等,Behav.Brain Res.95(1):23-33,1998)。这些发生遗传改变的动物与对正常的动物所观察的相比,具有更短持续时间的养育事件增加。单次注射10mg/kg的L-NAME导致养育的持续时间增加。类似地,使用更具神经元选择性的7-NINA,在迅速给药(i.p.)后观察到养育持续时间增加,而缓慢释放的单次释放剂量或缓慢的多次释放剂量(s.c.,在DMSO中)导致相反效果。因此,给药本发明的化合物可用于治疗ADHD。
精神病
苯环利定(PCP)是非竞争性NMDA通道阻断剂,其在人和哺乳动物中产生行为副作用,这与在精神病患者中观察到的那些相一致。在精神病的两个动物模型中,nNOS选择性抑制剂AR-R17477在声学惊跳反应的前脉冲抑制中拮抗PCP-诱导的运动过度和PCP-诱导的缺陷(Johansson等,Pharmacol.Toxicol.84(5):226-33,1999)。这些结果暗示了nNOS在精神病中有牵涉。因此,对患病个体给药本发明的化合物可用于治疗这一或相关的疾病或病症。
头部创伤
头部创伤患者中的神经病学损伤机制相似于中风的神经病学损伤机制并且与由谷氨酸盐过度释放所致的兴奋毒性钙内流、由线粒体功能障碍和炎症所致的氧化应激和自由基生成有关(Drug & MarketDevelopment 9(3):60-63,1998)。用氧化氮合酶抑制剂诸如7-NI和3-溴代-7-硝基吲唑处理的动物在实验性创伤性脑损伤(TBI)后表现神经病学缺陷的改善(Mesenge等,J.Neurotrauma 13:209-14,1996)。对患病个体给药本发明的化合物还可用于治疗头部创伤损伤中的神经病学损伤。
低体温心跳停止
低体温心跳停止(HCA)是用于在心脏手术期间当脑对血流中断期间的损伤敏感时防止局部缺血性损伤的一种技术。在HCA过程中已经使用不同的神经保护剂作为辅助药物,并且预测了在HCA期间氧化氮生成的降低,以导致神经病学功能的改善。这基于先前的表明谷氨酸盐兴奋毒性在HCA诱导的神经损伤中起作用的研究(Redmond等,J.Thorac.Cardiovasc.Surg.107:776-87,1994;Redmond等,Ann.Thorac.Surg.59:579-84,1995)和NO介导谷氨酸盐兴奋毒性(Dawson and Snyder,J.Neurosci.14:5147-59,1994)。在32只狗在18℃经历2小时的HCA的研究中,相对于对照组,神经元NOS抑制剂显示降低脑NO的产生,显著降低神经元坏死,并导致优越的神经病学功能(Tseng等,Ann.Thorac.Surg.67:65-71,1999)。给药本发明的化合物还可用于保护患者在心脏手术期间免受局部缺血性损伤。
神经毒性和神经变性疾病
线粒体功能障碍、谷氨酸盐兴奋毒性、和自由基诱导的氧化性损伤似乎是许多神经变性疾病的潜在发病机理,所述神经变性疾病包括肌萎缩性侧索硬化(ALS),帕金森氏病(PD),阿尔茨海默氏病(AD)和亨廷顿舞蹈病(HD)(Schulz等,Mol.Cell.Biochem.174(1-2):193-197,1997;Beal,Ann.Neurol.38:357-366,1995),并且NO是这些机制中的主要递质。例如,Dawson等在PNAS 88(14):6368-6371,1991中表明NOS抑制剂如7-NI和L-NAME防止由N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸盐和有关的兴奋性氨基酸引起的神经毒性。
(a)帕金森氏病
研究表明NO在1-甲基-4-苯基-1,2,3,6-四氢吡啶(MPTP)神经毒性(是通常使用的帕金森氏病的动物模型)中起重要作用(Matthews等,Neurobiology of Disease 4:114-121,1997)。MPTP通过MAO-B转变为MPP+并且通过多巴胺转运蛋白被迅速转运到包含多巴胺的神经元的线粒体中,随后活化nNOS引起神经元死亡。缺乏nNOS基因而非eNOS基因的突变小鼠在注射MPP+到纹状体内后黑质内的病灶减少。在灵长类动物的研究中,7-NI在MPTP攻击后具有意味深长的神经保护和抗帕金森氏病作用(Hantraye等,Nature Med.2:1017-1021,1996),与非特异性抑制剂L-NAME一样(T.S.Smith等.Neuroreport 1994,5,2598-2600)。
(b)阿尔茨海默氏病(AD)
AD的病理学与浸润有活化小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞的β-淀粉样蛋白斑块有关。当培养的大鼠小胶质细胞暴露于β-淀粉样蛋白下时,发生显著的氧化氮的小胶质细胞释放,特别是在γ-干扰素的存在下(Goodwin等,Brain Research 692(1-2):207-14,1995)。在皮层神经元培养物中,用氧化氮合酶抑制剂处理可提供对由人β-淀粉样蛋白所致毒性的神经保护(Resink等,Neurosci.Abstr.21:1010,1995)。与谷氨酸盐在神经变性疾病中的兴奋毒性的假设一致,弱的NMDA拮抗剂金刚烷胺增加PD患者的预期寿命(Uitti等,Neurology 46(6):1551-6,1996)。在罹患血管型痴呆或阿尔茨海默氏痴呆的患者的初步的安慰剂对照研究中,NMDA拮抗剂美金刚与改善的Clinical Global Impression of Change andBehavioral Rating Scale for Geriatric Patients scores有关(Winblad andPoritis,Int.J.Geriatr.Psychiatry 14:135-46,1999)。
(c)肌萎缩性侧索硬化
肌萎缩性侧索硬化(ALS)是以选择性运动神经元死亡为特征的致命的神经变性疾病。积累的证据暗示了ALS的发病机理是谷氨酸转运蛋白对谷氨酸盐的清除不充分和在脊椎运动神经元中Ca2+-可渗透的AMPA受体的特异性分布,表明谷氨酸盐诱导的神经毒性。在ALS患者的脊髓(Sasaki等,Acta Neuropathol.(Berl)101(4):351-7,2001)和神经胶质细胞(Anneser等,Exp.Neurol.171(2):418-21,2001)中发现了nNOS免疫反应性增加,暗示了NO在ALS的发病机理中是一个重要因素。
(d)亨廷顿舞蹈病
亨廷顿舞蹈病(HD)的发病机理是由于与兴奋毒性、氧化应激和细胞程序死亡相联系的Htt蛋白突变所致,在所有这些过程中过多的NO具有明确的作用(Peterson等,Exp.Neurol.157:1-18,1999)。氧化性损伤是能量代谢中的缺陷的主要后果之一,并且在注射兴奋毒素和线粒体抑制剂后存在于HD模型中(A.Petersen等,Exp.Neurol.157:1-18,1999)。这一线粒体功能障碍与HD中的选择性和进行性的神经元丧失有关(Brown等,Ann.Neurol.41:646-653,1997)。NO可以直接削弱线粒体呼吸链复合物IV(Calabrese等,Neurochem.Res.25:1215-41,2000)。纹状体介质多刺神经元似乎是用于产生HD中运动功能障碍的主要目标。这些神经元上的NMDA受体的过度磷酸化和活化可能参与运动功能障碍的产生。临床上已经表明NMDA拮抗剂金刚烷胺改善HD中的舞蹈病运动异常(Verhagen Metman等,Neurology 59:694-699,2002)。假定nNOS在NMDA介导的神经毒性中的作用,可以预期nNOS抑制剂,尤其是nNOS/NMDA混合型抑制剂,或具有nNOS和NMDA活性的药物的组合,还可用于改善HD的作用或进行。例如,用7-硝基吲唑预处理大鼠,减少由立体定位注射丙二酸盐所致的纹状体损害,和导致类似亨廷顿舞蹈病的病症的损伤(Hobbs等,Ann.Rev.Pharm.Tox.39:191-220,1999)。在表达人突变htt exonl,116 CAG repeat,的HD的R6/1转基因小鼠模型中,小鼠在11、19和35周表现脂质过氧化作用递增,在11周的过氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的正常水平类似于野生型(WT)小鼠;在19周的最高水平高于在WT小鼠中观察到的水平,并且相当于疾病进程的早期;并且最终,在35周的水平降低,低于在WT小鼠中观察到的水平(Pérez-Sevriano等,Brain Res.951:36-42,2002)。SOD活性的增加可归因于补偿性的神经保护机制,在35周的降低的水平相当于保护机制失败。与SOD水平相伴的是,钙依赖性NOS的水平在11周小鼠中对于WT和R6/1小鼠是相同的,但是相对于WT对照小鼠,在19周显著增加并且在35周减少。相对于对照,nNOS表达水平还在19周显著地增加,但是相对于对照,在35周显著地减少。在eNOS表达水平内未观察到显著差别,在疾病进程中也未检测到iNOS蛋白质。通过体重减轻的加大、脚抓紧行为及水平和垂直运动测量的疾病的进行性表型表达与NOS活性和nNOS表达的变化一致。最后,对R6/2转基因HD小鼠和WT小鼠给药L-NAME的作用表明,在10mg/kg剂量下的抓紧行为的改善水平类似于对照,其在500mg/kg的最高剂量下达到最差(Deckel等,Brain Res.919(1):70-81,2001)。HD小鼠体重增加的改善在10mg/kg剂量下也是显著的,但是在高剂量水平L-NAME下相对于对照组降低。这些结果证明了给药适当剂量的NOS抑制剂诸如例如本发明的化合物在治疗HD中是有益的。
(e)多发性硬化(MS)
MS是牵涉细胞因子和其它炎性递质的CNS的炎性脱髓鞘疾病。许多研究提出了NO及其活性衍生物过氧亚硝酸盐在MS的发病机理被牵连(Acar等,J.Neurol.250(5):588-92,2003;Calabrese等,Neurochem.Res.28(9):1321-8,2003)。在实验性自身免疫脑脊髓炎(EAE)(其是一种MS模型)中,nNOS水平在EAE大鼠的脊髓中略微增加,并且用7-硝基吲唑治疗可导致显著延迟EAE瘫痪的发病(Shin,J.Vet.Sci.2(3):195-9,2001)。
(f)脱氧麻黄碱诱导的神经毒性
脱氧麻黄碱(methamphetamine)通过体内破坏多巴胺神经末端而具有神经毒性。已经表明脱氧麻黄碱诱导的神经毒性可用NOS抑制剂体外处理(Sheng等,Ann.N.Y.Acad.Sci.801:174-186,1996)和体内动物模型(Itzhak等,Neuroreport 11(13):2943-6,2000)得以缓解。类似地,nNOS选择性抑制剂AR-17477AR,在小鼠内在5mg/kg s.c下,能防止小鼠脑中由脱氧麻黄碱诱导的神经丝蛋白NF68的损失和防止纹状区多巴胺和高香草酸(HVA)的缺失(Sanchez等,J.Neurochem.85(2):515-524,2003)。
给药本发明的化合物,单独或与另外的治疗剂诸如例如NMDA拮抗剂联合使用,可用于保护或治疗本文中所述的任何神经变性疾病。另外,本发明的化合物可在用于评价神经保护的标准试验中检测(参见,例如,Am.J.Physiol.268:R286,1995)。
化学物质依赖性和药物成瘾(例如对药物、酒精和烟碱的依赖性)
药物诱导的结果和依赖性的过程中的关键步骤是调节从中脑边缘多巴胺能神经元释放多巴胺。可卡因的长期给用改变控制多巴胺的突触水平的关键蛋白质-多巴胺转运蛋白(DAT)-的表达。
(a)可卡因成瘾性
研究已经表明动物安全地自我静脉内给药兴奋药并且多巴胺在其加强效果中是关键的。最近,已经表明包含NO的神经元与多巴胺共同位于纹状体和腹侧被盖区域内,并且NO可以调节由兴奋剂导致的多巴胺(DA)释放。给药多巴胺D1受体拮抗剂降低纹状区NADPH黄递酶(NOS活性的标示物)污染水平,而D2拮抗剂产生相反效果。L-精氨酸(NOS的底物)还是有效的DA释放调节剂。另外,多种NO生成剂在体外和体内增加DA流出或抑制再摄取。已经表明L-NAME通过降低自我给药量并通过增加在连续注射可卡因之间的相互响应时间而显著改变可卡因强化(Pudiak and Bozarth,Soc.Neurosci.Abs.22:703,1996)。这表明NOS抑制可用于治疗可卡因成瘾性。
(b)吗啡/阿片样物质诱导的耐受性和戒断症状
有许多证据支持NMDA和NO途径在成年和幼年的动物中的阿片样物质依赖性中的作用。注射硫酸吗啡的成年的或新生的啮齿类动物在用纳曲酮沉淀后显现行为脱瘾。在纳曲酮开始后的戒断症状可通过给用NOS抑制剂诸如7-NI或L-NAME减少(Zhu and Barr,Psychopharmacology 150(3):325-336,2000)。在相关的研究中,可以表明更具nNOS选择性的抑制剂7-NI同选择性较差的化合物相比减少了更多的吗啡诱导的戒断症状,包括咀嚼、多涎和生殖器效应(genitaleffects)(Vaupel等,Psychopharmacology(Berl.)118(4):361-8,1995)。
(c)乙醇耐受性和依赖性
在影响酒精依赖性的因素之中,对乙醇作用的耐受性是重要因素,因为其促成了对酒精饮料的过度饮用( and Kiianmaa,Psychopharmacology(Berl.)94:479-483,1988)。在采用大鼠的研究中,对运动共济失调和低体温的乙醇耐受性迅速发展并且可通过i.c.v给用7-NI而不改变脑的乙醇浓度被阻断(Wazlawik and Morato,Brain Res.Bull.57(2):165-70,2002)。在其它研究中,用L-NAME(Rezvani等,Pharmacol.Biochem.Behav.50:265-270,1995)或通过i.c.v.注射nNOS反义物(Naassila等,Pharmacol.Biochem.Behav.67:629-36,2000)的NOS抑制减少了在这些动物中的乙醇消耗。
给药本发明的化合物,单独或与另外的治疗剂诸如例如NMDA拮抗剂联合使用,可用于治疗化学物质依赖性和药物成瘾性。
癫痫
7-NI和某些抗惊厥剂如卡马西平的共同给药在不改变roto-rod性能的浓度下显示了对大鼠中扁桃引起的抽搐发作的协同保护作用(Borowicz等,Epilepsia 41(9:112-8,2000)。因此,NOS抑制剂诸如例如本发明的化合物,单独或与另外的治疗剂诸如例如抗癫痫剂组合使用,可用于治疗癫痫或类似病症。可用在本发明组合中的抗癫痫剂的例子包括卡马西平、加巴喷丁、拉莫三嗪、奥卡西平、phenyloin、托吡酯和丙戊酸盐。
糖尿病性肾病
NO副产物的尿排泄在链脲佐菌素(streptozotocin)治疗后的糖尿病大鼠中增加,并且NO的合成增加暗示了其参与糖尿病性肾小球超滤作用。神经元同工酶nNOS在肾的髓袢和致密斑中表达,并且使用7-NI抑制该同工酶可降低肾小球滤过作用而不影响肾小动脉压或肾血流量(Sigmon等,Gen.Pharmacol.34(2):95-100,2000)。非选择性NOS抑制剂L-NAME和nNOS选择性7-NI都使糖尿病动物的肾超滤作用正常化(Ito等,J.Lab Clin.Med.138(3):177-185,2001)。因此,给药本发明的化合物可用于治疗糖尿病性肾病。
制剂的组合,及其应用
除了上面描述的制剂之外,本发明的一种或多种化合物可与其它的治疗剂联合使用。例如,本发明的一种或多种化合物可与另外的NOS抑制剂联合使用。可用于这一目的的示例性的抑制剂包括,但不限于,在美国专利6,235,747;美国专利申请序列号09/127,158、09/325,480、09/403,177、09/802,086、09/826,132、09/740,385、09/381,887、10/476,958、10/483,140、10/484,960、10/678,369、10/819,853、10/938,891;国际公开号WO 97/36871、WO 98/24766、WO 98/34919、WO 99/10339、WO99/11620和WO 99/62883中描述的那些。
在另一实例中,本发明的一种或多种化合物可与抗心律失常药联合使用。示例性的抗心律失常药包括,但不限于,利多卡因和mixiletine。
GABA-B激动剂、α-2-肾上腺素能受体激动剂、缩胆囊素拮抗剂、5HT1B/1D激动剂或CGRP拮抗剂也可与本发明的一种或多种化合物联合使用。α-2-肾上腺素能受体激动剂的非限制性例子包括可乐定、洛非西定和普萘洛尔。缩胆囊素拮抗剂的非限制性例子包括L-365,260;CI-988;LY262691;S0509或在美国专利No.5,618,811中描述的那些。可与本发明的化合物联合使用的5HT1B/1D激动剂的非限制性例子包括二氢麦角胺、依来曲普坦、氟伐曲坦、那拉曲坦、利扎曲普坦、舒马普坦、多尼普曲坦或佐米曲普坦。可与本发明的化合物联合使用的CGRP拮抗剂的非限制性例子包括在国际公开No.WO9709046中描述的奎宁类似物,在国际公开号WO0132648、WO0132649、WO9811128、WO9809630、WO9856779、WO0018764中描述的非肽类拮抗剂,或其它拮抗剂如SB-(+)-273779或BIBN-4096BS。
物质P拮抗剂,还称为NK1受体拮抗剂,也可与本发明的一种或多种化合物联合使用。可用于这一目的的示例性的抑制剂包括,但不限于,在美国专利号3,862,114,3,912,711,4,472,305,4,481,139,4,680,283,4,839,465,5,102,667,5,162,339,5,164,372,5,166,136,5,232,929,5,242,944,5,300,648,5,310,743,5,338,845,5,340,822,5,378,803,5,410,019,5,411,971,5,420,297,5,422,354,5,446,052,5,451,586,5,525,712,5,527,811,5,536,737,5,541,195,5,594,022,5,561,113,5,576,317,5,604,247,5,624,950,和5,635,510;国际公开号WO 90/05525,WO 91/09844,WO 91/12266,WO92/06079,WO 92/12151,WO 92/15585,WO 92/20661,WO 92/20676,WO92/21677,WO 92/22569,WO 93/00330,WO 93/00331,WO 93/01159,WO93/01160,WO 93/01165,WO 93/01169,WO 93/01170,WO 93/06099,WO93/10073,WO 93/14084,WO 93/19064,WO 93/21155,WO 94/04496,WO94/08997,WO 94/29309,WO 95/11895,WO 95/14017,WO 97/19942,WO97/24356,WO 97/38692,WO 98/02158,和WO 98/07694;欧洲专利公开号284942,327009,333174,336230,360390,394989,428434,429366,443132,446706,484719,499313,512901,512902,514273,514275,515240,520555,522808,528495,532456,和591040中公开的那些化合物。
可与本发明的化合物联合使用的抗抑郁药的适当的类别包括,但不限于,去甲肾上腺素再摄取抑制剂,选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂(SSRIs),选择性去甲肾上腺素/降甲肾上腺素再摄取抑制剂(NARIs),单胺氧化酶抑制剂(MAOs),可逆的单胺氧化酶抑制剂(RIMAs),5-羟色胺/去甲肾上腺素再摄取双重抑制剂(SNRIs),α-肾上腺素受体拮抗剂,去甲肾上腺素能和特异性5-羟色胺能抗抑郁药(NaSSAs),和非典型的抗抑郁药。
去甲肾上腺素再摄取抑制剂的非限制性例子包括叔胺三环类和仲胺三环类,诸如例如阿的纳唑仑、安扑定、阿莫沙平、布替林、地美替林、去甲阿米替林、去甲氯米帕明、地美替林、地昔帕明、多塞平、度硫平、氟西嗪、丙米嗪、丙米嗪氧化物、伊普吲哚、洛非帕明、马普替林、美利曲辛、美他帕明、norclolipramine、去甲替林、诺昔替林、奥匹哌醇、哌拉平、苯噻啶(pizotifen)、苯噻啶(pizotyline)、丙吡西平、普罗替林、奎纽帕明、噻奈普汀、曲米帕明、trimipramineamiltriptylinoxide,及其可药用盐。
选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂的非限制性例子包括例如氯米帕明、苯哌甲氧苯、氟西汀、氟伏沙明、帕罗西汀和舍曲林,及其可药用盐。
选择性去甲肾上腺素/降甲肾上腺素再摄取抑制剂的非限制性例子包括,例如,阿托西汀、丁氨苯丙酮、瑞波西汀、托莫西汀和维路沙嗪及其可药用盐。
选择性单胺氧化酶抑制剂的非限制性例子包括例如,异卡波肼、吩嗪、反苯环丙胺和司来吉兰,及其可药用盐。其它可用在本发明组合中的单胺氧化酶抑制剂包括氯吉兰、西莫沙酮、贝氟沙通、溴法罗明、巴嗪普令、BW-616U(Burroughs Wellcome)、BW-1370U87(BurroughsWellcome)、CS-722(RS-722)(Sankyo)、E-2011(Eisai)、哈尔明、骆驼蓬碱、吗氯贝胺、PharmaProjects 3975(Hoechst)、RO 41-1049(Roche)、RS-8359(Sankyo)、T-794(Tanabe Seiyaku)、托洛沙酮、K-Y1349(Kalir andYoudim)、LY-51641(Lilly)、LY-121768(Lilly)、M&B 9303(May & Baker)、MDL 72394(Marion Merrell)、MDL 72392(Marion Merrell)、sercloremine和MO 1671,及其可药用盐。可用在本发明中的适当的可逆的单胺氧化酶抑制剂包括,例如,吗氯贝胺,及其可药用盐。
5-羟色胺/去甲肾上腺素再摄取双重阻断剂的非限制性例子包括,例如,度洛西汀、米那普仑、米氮平、奈法唑酮和文拉法辛。
可用在本发明方法中的其它抗抑郁药的非限制性例子包括阿的纳唑仑、阿拉丙酯、安扑定、阿米替林、阿米替林/利眠宁组合、阿替美唑、azamianserin、巴嗪普令、苯呋拉林、二苯美伦、binodaline、比培那醇、溴法罗明、卡罗沙酮、西立氯胺、氰帕明、西莫沙酮、西酞普兰、氯美醇、氯伏胺、氮尼尔、地阿诺、地美替林、二苯西平、二甲丙吖、度硫平、屈昔多巴、乙非辛、舒乐安定、依托哌酮、酚加宾、非唑拉明、氟曲辛、咪唑克生、吲达品、茚洛秦、左丙替林、利托西汀、美地沙明、美曲吲哚、米安色林、米那卜林、孟替瑞林、奈拉西坦、奈福泮、尼亚拉胺、诺米芬辛、去甲氟西汀、奥替瑞林、奥沙氟生、匹那西泮、pirlindone、利坦色林、咯利普兰、斯克罗明、司普替林、西布曲明、舒布硫胺、舒必利、替尼沙秦、托扎啉酮、thymoliberin、替氟卡宾、托芬那辛、托非索泮、托洛沙酮、维拉必利、维喹啉、齐美利定和氯苯吡(zometrapine),及其可药用盐,以及圣约翰草(St.John′s wort herb)或Hypencuinperforatum,或其提取物。
在另一实例中,阿片样物质可与本发明的一种或多种化合物联合使用。可用于这一目的的示例性的阿片样物质包括,但不限于,阿芬太尼、布托啡诺、丁丙诺啡、右吗拉胺、地佐辛、右丙氧芬、可待因、双氢可待因、地芬诺酯、埃托啡、芬太尼、氢可酮、氢吗啡酮、凯托米酮、洛哌丁胺、左啡诺、左美沙酮、哌替啶、美普他酚、美沙酮、吗啡、吗啡-6-葡糖苷酸、纳布啡、纳洛酮、羟考酮、羟吗啡酮、喷他佐辛、哌替啶、哌腈米特、丙氧芬、瑞芬太尼、舒芬太尼、替利定和曲马多。
在又一个例子中,抗炎化合物诸如甾体药物或非甾体抗炎药(NSAIDs)可与本发明的一种或多种化合物联合使用。甾体药物的非限制性例子包括泼尼松龙和可的松。NSAIDs的非限制性例子包括阿西美辛、阿司匹林、塞来昔布、德拉昔布、双氯芬酸、二氟尼柳、乙水杨胺、依托芬那酯、艾托考昔、非诺洛芬、氟芬那酸、氟比洛芬、氯那唑酸、氯诺昔康、布洛芬、吲哚美辛、伊索昔康、凯布宗、酮洛芬、酮咯酸、萘普生、萘丁美酮、尼氟酸、舒林酸、托美丁、吡罗昔康、甲氯芬那酸、甲芬那酸、美洛昔康、安乃近、莫非布宗、羟布宗、帕来昔布、芬尼定、保泰松、吡罗昔康、丙帕他莫、异丙安替比林、罗非昔布、水杨酰胺、舒洛芬、噻洛芬酸、替诺昔康、伐地昔布、4-(4-环己基-2-甲基噁唑-5-基)-2-氟苯磺酰胺、N-[2-(环己基氧基)-4-硝基苯基]甲磺酰胺、2-(3,4-二氟苯基)-4-(3-羟基-3-甲基丁氧基)-5-[4-(甲基磺酰基)苯基]-3(2H)-哒嗪酮和2-(3,5-二氟苯基)-3-[4-(甲基磺酰基)苯基]-2-环戊烯-1-酮)。本发明的化合物还可与对乙酰氨基酚联合使用。
任何的上述联合可用于治疗任何适合的疾病、紊乱或病症。本发明化合物和另外的治疗剂的示例性的联合使用描述如下。
在慢性神经性疼痛中的阿片样物质-NOS抑制剂的联合
神经损伤可以导致被称为神经性疼痛的异常疼痛状态。一些临床症状包括触觉异常性疼痛(对通常无关紧要的机械刺激的伤害感受反应),痛觉过敏(对通常引起疼痛的刺激响应的疼痛强度增加),和自发性疼痛。大鼠中的脊神经结扎(SNL)是产生自发性疼痛、异常性疼痛和痛觉过敏并类似于在人患者中观察的临床症状的神经性疼痛的动物模型(Kim and Chung,Pain 50:355-363,1992;Seltzer,Neurosciences7:211-219,1995)。
神经性疼痛可以特别地对阿片样物质治疗不敏感(Benedetti等,Pain74:205-211,1998)并还被认为对阿片样物质镇痛药而言相对难以治疗(MacFarlane等,Pharmacol.Ther.75:1-19,1997;Watson,Clin.J.Pain16:S49-S55,2000)。尽管剂量逐步增加可以克服阿片样物质有效性的降低,但是受到副作用增加和耐受性的限制。给药吗啡已知可活化NOS体系,这限制了该药物的止痛作用(Machelska等,NeuroReport8:2743-2747,1997;Wong等,Br.J.Anaesth.85:587,2000;Xiangqi andClark,Mol.Brain.Res.95:96-102,2001)。然而,已经表明吗啡和L-NAME联合的系统给药在亚阈值剂量(任何药物单独给药都无效)下可以减少机械和寒冷的异常性疼痛(Ulugol等,Neurosci.Res.Com.30(3):143-153,2002)。L-NAME共同给药对吗啡止痛效果似乎是由nNOS介导的,因为L-NAME丧失了其在nNOS无效突变小鼠中加强吗啡止痛的能力(Clark and Xiangqi,Mol.Brain.Res.95:96-102,2001)。在使用L-NAME或7-NI与μ-、δ-、或κ-选择性阿片样物质激动剂共同给药的尾-弹动模型或爪压力模型中证明了止痛作用增强(Machelska等,J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther.282:977-984,1997)。
虽然阿片样物质是治疗中度疼痛到严重疼痛的重要疗法,除了限制它们的实用性的常见副作用之外,阿片样物质诱导的多少有些反常的痛觉过敏事件实际上使患者对疼痛更敏感并可能加剧它们的疼痛(Angst and Clark,Anesthesiology,2006,104(3),570-587;Chu et.al.J.Pain2006,7(1)43-48)。耐受性和阿片样物质诱导的痛觉过敏的发展与脑中NO生成水平的增加一致。对阿片样物质的止痛响应的降低应归于NO诱导的上调的痛觉过敏应答(Heinzen and Pollack,Brain Res.2004,1023,175-184)。
因此,nNOS抑制剂与阿片样物质的联合(例如,上面描述的那些联合)可以增强神经性疼痛中的阿片样物质止痛作用并防止阿片样物质耐受性和阿片样物质诱导的痛觉过敏的发展。
用于慢性疼痛、神经性疼痛、慢性头痛或偏头痛的抗抑郁药-NOS抑制
剂的组合
许多抗抑郁药用于治疗神经性疼痛(McQuay等,Pain 68:217-227,1996)和偏头痛(Tomkins等,Am.J.Med.111:54-63,2001),并通过5-羟色胺能或去甲肾上腺素能体系起作用。NO作为这些体系的神经调节物质(Garthwaite and Boulton,Annu.Rev.Physiol.57:683,1995)。已经表明7-NI通过借助NA转运蛋白的烟碱性乙酰胆碱受体激动剂DMPP增加去甲肾上腺素(NA)的释放(Kiss等,Neuroscience Lett.215:115-118,1996)。已经表明抗抑郁药诸如帕罗西汀、噻奈普汀和丙米嗪的局部给药减少海马NO的水平(Wegener等,Brain Res.959:128-134,2003)。NO可能在抗抑郁药有效治疗疼痛和抑郁症的机制中起重要作用,并且nNOS抑制剂与抗抑郁药的组合诸如例如上面描述的那些组合将导致更好的治疗。
在偏头痛中的5-羟色胺5HT
1B/1D/1F
激动剂或CGRP拮抗剂和NOS抑制
剂的组合
给药三硝酸甘油酯(GTN)(NO供体)在正常个体中诱导快速头痛并在4-6小时的潜伏期内引起偏头痛患者的偏头痛发作延迟(Iversen等,Pain 38:17-24,1989)。在偏头痛发作的患者中,颈动脉中CGRP(降钙素基因相关肽)(强效血管扩张剂)的水平与偏头痛发作的发病和消融有关(Durham,Curr Opin Investig Drugs 5(7):731-5,2004)。在5HT1B、5HT1D和5HT1F受体处具有亲合力的抗偏头痛药物舒马普坦降低GTN诱导的快速头痛并且同时收缩脑和脑外动脉(Iversen and Olesen,Cephalagia13(Suppl 13):186,1993)。抗偏头痛药物利扎曲普坦还降低偏头痛疼痛降低后的CGRP血浆水平(Stepien等,Neurol.Neurochir.Pol.37(5):1013-23,2003)。NO和CGRP因此都暗示了是偏头痛的原因。已经表明5-羟色胺5HT1B/1D激动剂阻断在大脑皮质切片中由NMDA受体引起的NO信号传递(Strosznajder等,Cephalalgia 19(10):859,1999)。这些结果暗示了本发明的化合物和选择性或非选择性5HT1B/1D/1F激动剂或CGRP拮抗剂的组合,例如上面描述的那些组合,将用于治疗偏头痛。
药物组合物
本发明的化合物优选配制成以适于体内给药的生物学相容形式的对人类受试者给药的药物组合物。因此,在另一方面,本发明提供了包含本发明的化合物与适当的稀释剂或载体混合的药物组合物。
本发明的化合物可以游离碱形式、盐形式、溶剂化物和前药形式使用。所有这些形式都在本发明的范围内。根据本发明的方法,所述的化合物或其盐、溶剂化物或前药可以各种形式对患者给药,根据选择的给药途径而定,这对于本领域技术人员是可以理解的。本发明的化合物可通过,例如,口、非肠胃、颊、舌下、鼻、直肠、贴片、泵、或透皮途径给药,和相应地进行配制的药物组合物给用。非肠胃给药包括静脉内、腹膜内、皮下、肌肉内、经上皮、经鼻、肺内、鞘内、直肠、和局部给药模式。非肠胃给药可在选择的时段内通过连续输注进行。
本发明的化合物可例如与惰性稀释剂或使用可吸收的食用载体经口给药,或者,本发明的化合物可以装在硬壳明胶胶囊或软壳明胶胶囊内,或者本发明的化合物可压制成片剂,或者本发明的化合物可直接包含在饮用的食物中。对于经口治疗给药,本发明的化合物可与赋形剂混合并以可摄取的片剂、口含片、锭剂、胶囊、酏剂、悬浮剂、糖浆剂、糯米纸囊剂等的形式使用。
本发明的化合物还可非肠道给药。本发明的化合物的溶液剂可在与表面活性剂如羟基丙基纤维素适当混合的水中制得。还可在甘油、液体聚亚乙基二醇、DMSO,及其含醇或不含醇的混合物中,以及在油中制备分散体。在普通的储存和使用条件下,这些制剂可包含防腐剂,以防止微生物的生长。用于选择和制备适当制剂的常规程序和成分在例如Remington′s Pharmaceutical Sciences(2003-20th edition)和1999公开的The Unites States Pharmacopeia:The National Formulary(USP 24 NF19)中描述。
适合于注射应用的药物剂型包括无菌的水溶液或分散体和用于临时配制无菌的注射溶液或分散体的无菌粉末。在所有情况下,这些形式必须是无菌的并且必须是达到可容易通过注射器给药程度的流体。
用于经鼻给药的组合物可方便地配制为气雾剂、滴剂、凝胶剂和粉剂。气雾剂制剂通常包括活性物质在生理学可接受的水溶剂或非水溶剂中的溶液或微悬浮液并且通常以无菌形式以单个剂量或多个剂量的数量存在于密封容器中,密封容器可以是用于喷雾装置的药筒或再填充容器形式。或者,密封容器可以是单元式分配装置,如单剂量的鼻用吸入器或设计为欲用后抛弃的装有计量阀的气雾剂分配器。当剂型包括气雾剂分配器时,其将含有推进剂,推进剂可以是压缩气体如压缩空气或有机推进剂,诸如氟氯烃。气雾剂剂型还可以是泵-喷雾器的形式。
适合于颊或舌下给药的组合物包括片剂、锭剂和软锭剂(pastilles),其中活性成分与载体诸如糖、阿拉伯胶、黄蓍胶或明胶和甘油一起配制。用于直肠给药的组合物方便地为含有常规的栓剂基质诸如可可脂的栓剂形式。
本发明的化合物,正如所指出的那样,可以单独地或与可药用载体组合地对动物给药,其比例根据化合物的溶解性和化学性质、选择的给药途径和标准的药学实践而定。
本发明的化合物和/或包含本发明化合物的组合物的剂量可根据多种因素的不同而改变,所述因素为诸如化合物的药代动力学性质;给药模式;接受者的年龄、健康状况和体重;症状的性质和程度;治疗频率和同时进行治疗(如果存在的话)的类型;以及化合物在待治疗动物体内的清除速率。本领域的技术人员基于以上所述的因素可以确定适当的剂量。本发明的化合物最初可以适当的剂量给药,该剂量可根据需要进行调整,根据临床应答而定。通常,当本发明的化合物以0.05毫克到3000毫克(以固体形式测量)的日剂量对人给药时可以获得令人满意的结果。优选的剂量范围为0.05-500mg/kg,更优选为0.5-50mg/kg。
本发明的化合物可单独使用,或者与其它具有NOS活性的药剂联合使用,或者与其它类型的治疗(其可能抑制或可能不抑制NOS)联合使用,用于治疗、预防、和/或降低中风、神经性疼痛或偏头痛疼痛、或其它受益于NOS抑制的紊乱的风险。在联合治疗中,一种或多种治疗化合物的剂量可小于当其单独给药时的标准剂量。在这种情况下,联合使用的化合物的剂量应该提供治疗效果。
除了以上所述的治疗用途之外,本发明的化合物还可用于诊断性试验、筛选试验和作为研究工具。
在诊断性试验中,本发明的化合物可用于确定或检测NOS活性。在这种用途中,化合物可进行放射性标记(如本文别处所述的)并且接触生物体的细胞集落。在细胞上存在放射性标记可表明NOS活性。
在筛选试验中,本发明的化合物可用于鉴定其它的抑制NOS的化合物,例如作为第一代药物。作为研究工具,本发明的化合物可用在酶试验和研究NOS活性定位的试验中。这些信息可以用于例如诊断或监控疾病状态或进展。在这些试验中,本发明的化合物还可被放射性标记。
下列非限制性实施例说明本发明:
实施例1.制备N-(2-苄基-1-(2-(1-甲基吡咯烷-2-基)乙基)-1H-吲哚-5-基)
噻吩-2-甲亚胺酸酰胺(6)
1-苄基-5-硝基-1H-吲哚(2):化合物1(1.0g,6.167mmol)按照Organic Syntheses,Coll.Vol.6,p104所述条件进行。将所述粗产物在沸腾己烷中成淤浆,过滤并干燥,得到化合物2。
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ 8.61(d,1H,J=2.1Hz),8.09(dd,1H,J=2.2,9.0Hz),7.37-7.27(m,5H),7.14-7.09(m,2H),6.74(d,1H,J=3.2Hz),5.37(s,2H);ESI-MS(m/z,%):253(M+1,100%).
2-苄基-5-硝基-1H-吲哚(3):化合物2(0.5g,1.982mmol)的溶液按照Synthetic Communications 1997,27(12),2033-2039所述用多磷酸处理。所述粗产物通过硅胶柱色谱提纯(EtOAc:己烷,1:4),得到化合物3(173mg,34.6%);
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ 8.50(d,1H,J=2.1Hz),8.13(brs,1H),8.05(dd,1H,J=2.2,9.0Hz),7.40-7.25(2 x m,6H),6.51(d,1H,J=1.4Hz),4.17(s,2H);ESI-MS(m/z,%):253(M+1,100%).
2-苄基-1-(2-(1-甲基吡咯烷-2-基)乙基)-5-硝基-1H-吲哚(4):将化合物3(165mg,0.654mmol)、2-(2-氯乙基)-1-甲基吡咯烷盐酸盐(132.4mg,0.719mmol)和粉末状碳酸钾(271.2mg,1.962mmol)放在一个氩气吹扫过的烧瓶中。加入DMF(5mL,Aldrich sure sealTM),接着将该混合物在油浴中加热到65℃达20小时。将所述溶液冷却至室温,用水(10mL)和乙酸乙酯(25mL)稀释。分离层,接着将水相用乙酸乙酯(2 x 25mL)萃取。合并有机萃取液,用盐水(2 x 10mL)洗涤,接着在硫酸镁中干燥。将样品过滤,浓缩,接着所得粗产物用干燥硅胶柱色谱提纯,用15-20mL份的溶剂体系(2M NH3在甲醇:CH2Cl2中,5:95)洗脱,得到一种黄色固体4(152mg,63.9%);
1HNMR(CDCl3)δ 8.50(d,1H,J=2.2Hz),8.07(dd,1H,J=2.2,9.0Hz),7.36-7.17(m,6H),6.44(s,1H),4.16(d,2H,J=3.0Hz),4.10-3.97(m,2H),3.06(t,1H,J=7.1Hz),2.21(s,3H),2.15-2.00(2 x m,2H),1.97-1.55(m,5H),1.53-1.40(m,1H);ESI-MS(m/z,%):364(M+1,100%).
N-(2-苄基-1-(2-(1-甲基吡咯烷-2-基)乙基)-1H-吲哚-5-基)噻吩-2-甲亚胺酸酰胺(carboximidamide)(6):将化合物4(125mg,0.344mmol)溶于在干燥氩气吹扫过的烧瓶中的无水乙醇(7mL)中。快速加入钯,10wt%在活性炭上(36.2mg,0.034mmol),接着通过真空泵抽空烧瓶中的气氛并用氢气球中的氢气代替。将所述气氛从烧瓶中排空并再用氢气替换两次,接着将该混合物在氢气氛中在室温下进行搅拌。3小时后,薄层色谱在2M NH3在甲醇:CH2Cl2,5:95的溶剂体系中,表明完全转化为化合物5,其没有分离就使用。所述混合物通过硅藻土垫过滤以除去不溶物质,该垫用无水乙醇(7mL)洗涤,接着将胺5的乙醇溶液加入到装有磁力搅拌棒的、小的、氩气吹扫的烧瓶中。将噻吩-2-硫代甲亚胺酸(carboximido thioic acid)甲酯氢碘酸盐(127.5mg,0.447mmol)加入到该烧瓶中,接着将所述反应在氩气中在环境温度下搅拌48小时,此时将所述溶液用乙醚(100ml)稀释,形成一种灰白色沉淀,将该灰白色沉淀在烧结玻璃漏斗上收集并用乙醚洗涤。将所述固体在H2O和乙酸乙酯之间进行分配,接着加入3M氢氧化钠溶液将pH值调节到8-9。将所述混合物转入到分液漏斗中,接着收集有机层。所述水层进一步用乙酸乙酯萃取,合并的有机层用盐水洗涤,在硫酸镁中干燥,过滤,浓缩,残余物通过硅胶色谱(2M NH3在甲醇:CH2Cl2中,5:95)提纯,得到米色泡沫6(75mg,49.3%);
1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ 7.71(d,1H,J=3.7Hz),7.58(d,1H,J=5.2Hz),7.35-7.20(m,6H),7.09(m,1H),6.92(s,1H),6.64(d,1H,J=8.5Hz),6.23(brs,2H),6.10(s,1H),4.14(s,2H),3.99(t,2H,J=8.0Hz),2.90(五重峰,1H,J=4.6Hz),2.10(s,3H),2.05-1.97(m,2H),1.91-1.80(m,1H),1.69-1.56(m,3H),1.49-1.35(m,2H);ESI-MS(m/z,%):443(M+1,70%),219(100%).
实施例2.制备N-(1-(2-(二乙氨基)乙基)-2-(4-(三氟甲氧基)苄基)-1H-吲哚
-5-基)噻吩-2-甲亚胺酸酰胺(11)
5-硝基-1-(4-(三氟甲氧基)苄基)-1H-吲哚(7):将新鲜粉碎的氢氧化钾(0.692g,12.332mmol)加入到装有磁力搅拌棒和二甲亚砜(10mL)的小的氩气吹扫的烧瓶中,接着将混合物剧烈搅拌5分钟。一次性加入化合物1(500mg,3.083mmol),所得混合物在室温下搅拌45分钟,然后简短地冷却至0℃。滴加1-(溴甲基)-4-(三氟甲氧基)苯(1.572g,6.167mmol),接着将所述混合物搅拌15分钟,然后用H2O稀释。将所述溶液用乙醚稀释,转入到分液漏斗中,接着收集有机层。所述水层进一步用乙醚萃取,合并的有机层用H2O(两次)、盐水洗涤,在硫酸镁中干燥,过滤并浓缩,得到粗产物。将所述粗产物在沸腾己烷中成淤浆,接着在烧结玻璃漏斗上收集固体,干燥,得到浅黄色固体形式的化合物7(0.815g,78.6%)。
1H
NMR(DMSO-d6) 5.58(s,2H),6.82(d,1H,J=3.4Hz),7.33(s,4H),7.71(d,1H,J=9.1Hz),7.80(d,1H,J=3.4Hz),8.01(dd,1H,J=9.0,2.2Hz),8.60(d,1H,J=2.2Hz);APCI-MS(m/z,%):337(MH+,100%).
5-硝基-2-(4-(三氟甲氧基)苄基)-1H-吲哚(8):化合物7(0.80g,2.379mmol)如Synthetic Communications,1997,27(12),2033-2039中所列用多磷酸处理。所述粗产物用硅胶柱色谱提纯(EtOAc:己烷,1:4),得到作为黄色固体的化合物8(280mg,35%)。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6) 4.17(s,2H),6.47(s,1H),7.28-7.38(m,2H),7.41-7.50(m,3H),7.93(dd,1H,J=8.9,2.3Hz),8.46(d,1H,J=2.2Hz),11.78(brs,1H);APCI-MS(m/z,%):337(MH+,100%)
N,N-二乙基-2-(5-硝基-2-(4-(三氟甲氧基)苄基)-1H-吲哚-1-基)乙胺(ethanamine)(9):将化合物8(77mg,0.229mmol)、2-氯-N,N-二乙基乙胺盐酸盐(43.3mg,0.252mmol)、碳酸钾(95mg,0.687mmol)和无水二甲基甲酰胺(5mL)加入到一个装有磁力搅拌棒的小的、氩气吹扫的烧瓶中,接着将所得溶液在油浴中在65℃加热2小时。冷却至室温后,将所述混合物用H2O和乙酸乙酯稀释,转入到分液漏斗中,接着收集有机层。所述水层进一步用乙酸乙酯萃取,合并的有机层用盐水洗涤(两次),在硫酸镁中干燥,过滤并浓缩,得到粗固体。所述粗产物通过硅胶色谱提纯(2M NH3在MeOH:CH2Cl2中,2.5:97.5),得到作为黄色固体的化合物9(79mg,79.2%)。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ 0.77(t,6H,J=7.1Hz),2.39(q,4H,J=7.2Hz),2.50(m,2H),4.19(t,2H,J=6.5Hz),4.31(s,2H),6.40(s,1H),7.33-7.41(m,4H),7.58(d,1H,J=9.1Hz),7.99(dd,1H,J=9.0,2.2Hz),8.48(d,1H,J=2.3Hz).
N-(1-(2-(二乙氨基)乙基)-2-(4-(三氟甲氧基)苄基)-1H-吲哚-5-基)噻吩-2-甲亚胺酸酰胺(11):将化合物9(75mg,0.172mmol)溶于在干燥氩气吹扫过的烧瓶中的无水乙醇(5mL)中。快速加入钯,10wt%在活性炭上(18.3mg,0.0172mmol),接着通过真空泵抽空烧瓶中的气氛并用氢气球中的氢气代替。将所述气氛从烧瓶中排空并再用氢气替换两次,接着将该混合物在氢气氛中在室温下进行搅拌。3小时后,薄层色谱(2M NH3在甲醇:CH2Cl2中,2.5:97.5),表明完全转化为10,其没有分离就使用。所述混合物通过硅藻土垫过滤以除去不溶物质,该垫用无水乙醇(5mL)洗涤,接着将胺10的乙醇溶液加入到装有磁力搅拌棒的、小的、氩气吹扫的烧瓶中。将噻吩-2-硫代甲亚胺酸甲酯氢碘酸盐(63.8mg,0.224mmol)加入到所述烧瓶中,接着将所述反应在氩气中在环境温度下搅拌45小时。将所述溶液用乙醚(100ml)稀释,接着在冰浴中冷却。没有析出沉淀,由此蒸除溶剂。所述残余物用硅胶柱色谱提纯(2MNH3在MeOH:CH2Cl2中,2.5:97.5-5:95),得到一种浅黄色残余物11(47mg,53.0%)。
1H NMR(MeOD)δ 0.98(t,6H,J=7.1Hz),2.47-2.56(2xm,6H),4.13(t,2H,J=7.1Hz),4.24(s,2H),6.24(s,1H),6.84(dd,1H,J=8.4,1.6Hz),7.09-7.13(m,2H),7.17-7.24(m,2H),7.33-7.39(m,3H),7.56(d,1H,J=5.2Hz),7.64(d,1H,J=3.7Hz);ESI-MS(m/z,%):515(MH+,100%).
实施例3.制备N-(1-(2-(1-甲基吡咯烷-2-基)乙基)-2-(4-(三氟甲氧基)苄
基)-1H-吲哚-5-基)噻吩-2-甲亚胺酸酰胺(14)
1-(2-(1-甲基吡咯烷-2-基)乙基)-5-硝基-2-(4-(三氟甲氧基)苄基)-1H-吲哚(12):将化合物8(75mg,0.223mmol)、2-(2-氯乙基)-1-甲基吡咯烷盐酸盐(45.2mg,0.245mmol)、碳酸钾(92.4mg,0.669mmol)和无水二甲基甲酰胺(5mL)加入到一个装有磁力搅拌棒的小的、氩气吹扫的烧瓶中,接着将所得溶液在油浴中在65℃加热20小时。冷却至室温后,将所述混合物用H2O和乙酸乙酯稀释,转入到分液漏斗中,接着收集有机层。所述水层进一步用乙酸乙酯萃取,合并的有机层用盐水洗涤(两次),在硫酸镁中干燥,过滤并浓缩,得到粗固体。所述粗产物用干燥硅胶柱色谱提纯,用25mL份的溶剂体系(2M NH3在MeOH:CH2Cl2中,2.5:97.5)洗脱,得到一种黄色残余物12(100mg,定量的)。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ 1.35-1.45(m,2H),1.58-1.64(m,3H),1.72-1.88(m,1H),1.97-2.05(m,2H),2.08(s,3H),2.86-2.95(m,1H),4.15(t,2H,J=7.7Hz),4.29(s,2H),6.49(s,1H),7.33-7.43(m,4H),7.57(d,1H,J=9.1Hz),8.00(dd,1H,J=9.1,2.2Hz),8.50(d,1H,J=2.2Hz);ESI-MS(m/z,%):448(MH+,100%).
N-(1-(2-(1-甲基吡咯烷-2-基)乙基)-2-(4-(三氟甲氧基)苄基)-1H-吲哚-5-基)噻吩-2-甲亚胺酸酰胺(14):将化合物12(95mg,0.212mmol)溶于在干燥氩气吹扫过的烧瓶中的无水乙醇(10mL)中。快速加入钯,10wt%在活性炭上(22.6mg,0.0212mmol),接着通过真空泵抽空烧瓶中的气氛并用氢气球中的氢气代替。将所述气氛从烧瓶中排空并再用氢气替换两次,接着将该混合物在氢气氛中在室温下进行搅拌。3小时后,薄层色谱在2M NH3在MeOH:CH2Cl2,5:95的溶剂体系中,表明完全转化为13,其没有分离就使用。所述混合物通过硅藻土垫过滤以除去不溶物质,该垫用无水乙醇(5mL)洗涤,接着将胺13的乙醇溶液加入到装有磁力搅拌棒的、小的、氩气吹扫的烧瓶中。将噻吩-2-硫代甲亚胺酸甲酯氢碘酸盐(78.6mg,0.276mmol)加入到所述烧瓶中,接着将所述反应在氩气中在环境温度下搅拌44小时。将所述溶液用乙醚(100ml)稀释,接着在冰浴中冷却。没有析出沉淀,由此蒸除溶剂。将所述残余物在H2O和乙酸乙酯之间进行分配,接着加入1M氢氧化钠溶液将pH值调节到9。将所述混合物转入到分液漏斗中,接着收集有机层。所述水层进一步用乙酸乙酯萃取,合并的有机层用盐水洗涤,在硫酸镁中干燥,过滤,浓缩,接着所述粗游离碱通过硅胶色谱提纯(2M NH3在MeOH:CH2Cl2中,2.5:97.5-5:95),得到作为黄色固体的化合物14(60mg,53.7%)。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ 1.36-48(m,2H),1.53-1.60(m,3H),1.80-1.86(m,1H),1.92-2.05(m,2H),2.08(s,3H),2.87-2.93(m,1H),4.00(t,2H,J=8.0Hz),4.19(s,2H),6.12(s,1H),6.23(brs,2H),6.63-6.67(m,1H),6.93(s,1H),7.07-7.10(m,1H),7.26(d,1H,J=8.6Hz),7.31-7.41(m,4H),7.58(d,1H,J=5.3Hz),7.71(d,1H,J=3.7Hz);ESI-MS(m/z,%):527(MH+,100%).
实施例4.制备N-(2-(4-硝基苯基)-1-(2-(哌啶-1-基)乙基)-1H-吲哚-5-基)噻
吩-2-甲亚胺酸酰胺(18)
5-溴-2-(4-硝基苯基)-1-(2-(哌啶-1-基)乙基)-1H-吲哚(16):将化合物15(2.0g,6.306mmol)、1-(2-氯乙基)哌啶盐酸盐(1.277g,6.937mmol)和粉末状碳酸钾(2.615g,18.918mmol)放在一个氩气吹扫过的烧瓶中。加入DMF(30mL,Aldrich sure seal TM),接着将该混合物在油浴中在60℃搅拌18小时。将所述溶液冷却至室温,用水(50mL)和乙酸乙酯(50mL)稀释。分离层,接着将水相用乙酸乙酯(2 x 50mL)萃取。合并有机萃取液,用水、盐水(两次)洗涤,接着在硫酸镁中干燥。将样品过滤,浓缩,得到一种棕色油。将该粗产物导入到乙酸乙酯中,接着用1M HCl处理,得到一种黄色固体,将该黄色固体在烧结玻璃漏斗上收集并用冷H2O洗涤。将所述湿固体用乙醇处理,浓缩以除去最后残留的H2O。将该半提纯的固体在沸腾乙醇/甲醇中成淤浆,过滤,干燥,得到金色固体16(1.73g,64.1%);
1H NMR(MeOD)δ 8.42(d,2H,J=8.5Hz),7.88-7.80(2 x m,3H),7.58(d,1H,J=8.7Hz),7.43(m,1H),6.77(s,1H),4.72(t,2H,J=8.0Hz),3.40(m,1H),3.29(m,2H),2.90-2.77(m,2H),1.94-1.54(2 x m,5H),1.47-1.25(m,1H);ESI-MS(m/z,%):428/430(M+1,100%).
2-(4-硝基苯基)-1-(2-(哌啶-1-基)乙基)-1H-吲哚-5-胺(17):将化合物16(0.5g,1.167mmol)和三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯(0)(53.4mg,0.058mmol)加入到一个装有磁力搅拌棒和冷凝器的氩气吹扫过的烧瓶中。加入无水四氢呋喃(15mL),接着开始搅拌。加入三-叔丁基膦,10wt%在己烷中(0.358mL,0.1167mmol)和二(三甲基甲硅烷基)氨基化锂溶液(3.501mL,3.501mmol,1.0M在THF中),接着将该混合物加热回流2小时。将所述溶液冷却至室温过夜,用水(15mL)稀释,接着加入3M氢氧化钠溶液将pH值调节到9。加入乙酸乙酯,将该混合物转入到分液漏斗中,接着收集有机层。所述水层进一步用乙酸乙酯萃取,合并的有机层用H2O、盐水洗涤,在硫酸镁中干燥,过滤,浓缩,所述粗残余物通过硅胶色谱(2M NH3在甲醇:CH2Cl2中,2.5:97.5)提纯两次,得到橙色固体17(265mg,62.4%);
1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ 8.31(d,2H,J=8.9Hz),7.89(d,2H,J=8.9Hz),7.25(d,1H,J=8.6Hz),6.71(d,1H,J=1.9Hz),6.63(dd,1H,J=2.0,8.5Hz),6.47(s,1H),4.64(brs,2H),4.22(t,2H,J=6.6Hz),2.43(t,2H,J=6.5Hz),2.17(m,4H),1.30(m,6H);ESI-MS(m/z,%):365(M+1,100%).
N-(2-(4-硝基苯基)-1-(2-(哌啶-1-基)乙基)-1H-吲哚-5-基)噻吩-2-甲亚胺酸酰胺(18):将化合物17(250mg,0.686mmol)和无水乙醇(15mL)加入到装有磁力搅拌棒的干燥氩气吹扫过的烧瓶中。将噻吩-2-硫代甲亚胺酸甲酯氢碘酸盐(254.3mg,0.891mmol)加入到所述烧瓶中,接着该反应在氩气中在环境温度下搅拌48小时,此时2M NH3在甲醇:CH2Cl2,5:95中的溶剂体系中的薄层色谱(展开两次)表明,未完全消耗17。加入冷凝器,接着将该混合物加热回流5小时。加入额外数量的噻吩-2-硫代甲亚胺酸甲酯氢碘酸盐(0.2eq),接着在65℃再继续搅拌24小时。加入另外份的噻吩-2-硫代甲亚胺酸甲酯氢碘酸盐(0.2eq),接着在回流下再继续搅拌18小时。冷却至室温后,所述溶液用乙醚(150ml)稀释,得到灰白色沉淀,该灰白色沉淀在烧结玻璃漏斗上收集并用醚洗涤。将所述固体在H2O和乙酸乙酯之间进行分配,接着加入3M氢氧化钠溶液将pH值调节到9-10。将所述混合物转入到分液漏斗中,接着收集有机层。所述水层进一步用乙酸乙酯萃取,合并的有机层用盐水洗涤,在硫酸镁中干燥,过滤,浓缩,残余物通过硅胶色谱(2M NH3在甲醇:CH2Cl2中,2.5:97.5)提纯,得到橙黄色固体18(69mg,21.2%);
1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ 8.35(d,2H,J=8.7Hz),7.93(d,2H,J=8.7Hz),7.73(d,1H,J=3.7Hz),7.60(d,1H,J=5.3Hz),7.51(d,1H,J=8.6Hz),7.10(m,1H),7.07(s,1H),6.80(d,1H,J=8.5Hz),6.66(s,1H),6.32(brs,2H),4.32(t,2H,J=6.5Hz),2.49(m,2H),2.21(m,4H),1.31(m,6H);ESI-MS(m/z,%):474(M+1,100%).
实施例5.制备N-(1-(2-(1-甲基吡咯烷-2-基)乙基)-2-(4-硝基苯基)-1H-吲哚
-5-基)噻吩-2-甲亚胺酸酰胺(21)
5-溴-1-(2-(1-甲基吡咯烷-2-基)乙基)-2-(4-硝基苯基)-1H-吲哚(19):将化合物15(2.0g,6.306mmol)、2-(2-氯乙基)-1-甲基吡咯烷盐酸盐(1.277g,6.937mmol)和粉末状碳酸钾(2.615g,18.918mmol)放在一个氩气吹扫过的烧瓶中。加入DMF(30mL,Aldrich sure sealTM),接着将该混合物在油浴中在60℃搅拌18小时。将所述溶液冷却至室温,用水(50mL)和乙酸乙酯(50mL)稀释。分离层,接着将水相用乙酸乙酯(2 x 50mL)萃取。将所述有机萃取液合并,用水、盐水(两次)洗涤,所述乙酸乙酯溶液用1M盐酸处理,形成一种黄色固体,将该黄色固体在烧结玻璃漏斗上收集并用冷H2O洗涤。将所述湿固体用乙醇处理,浓缩以除去最后痕量的H2O。所述半提纯固体用乙醇重结晶,得到金色固体19(1.52g,56.3%);
1H NMR(MeOD)δ 8.42(d,2H,J=8.7Hz),7.85(d,2H,J=8.7Hz),7.78(d,1H,J=1.9Hz),7.54(d,1H,J=8.8Hz),7.39(m,1H),6.74(s,1H),4.47(t,2H,J=7.3Hz),3.57-3.45(m,1H),3.0/-2.90(m,2H),2.70(s,3H),2.31-2.15(m,1H),2.04-1.84(m,3H),1.80-1.69(m,1H),1.51-1.37(m,1H);ESI-MS(m/z,%):428/430(M+1,100%).
1-(2-(1-甲基吡咯烷-2-基)乙基)-2-(4-硝基苯基)-1H-吲哚-5-胺(20):将化合物19(0.5g,1.167mmol)和三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯(O)(53.4mg,0.058mmol)加入到一个装有磁力搅拌棒和冷凝器的氩气吹扫过的烧瓶中。加入无水四氢呋喃(15mL),接着开始搅拌。加入三-叔丁基膦(0.358mL,0.1167mmol,10wt%在己烷中)和二(三甲基甲硅烷基)氨基化锂溶液(3.501mL,3.501mmol,1.0M在THF中),接着将该混合物加热回流2小时。将所述溶液冷却至室温过夜,用水(15mL)稀释,接着加入3M氢氧化钠溶液将pH值调节到9。加入乙酸乙酯,将该混合物转入到分液漏斗中,接着收集有机层。所述水层进一步用乙酸乙酯萃取,合并的有机层用H2O、盐水洗涤,在硫酸镁中干燥,过滤,浓缩,所述粗残余物通过硅胶色谱(2M NH3在甲醇:CH2Cl2中,5:95)提纯两次,得到暗红色固体20(102mg,24.0%);
1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ 8.33(d,2H,J=8.7Hz),7.82(d,2H,J=8.8Hz),7.25(d,1H,J=8.8Hz),6.72(d,1H,J=1.8Hz),6.63(m,1H),6.49(s,1H),4.64(brs,2H),4.25-4.12(m,2H),2.88-2.78(m,1H),1.99(s,3H),1.91(q,1H,J=8.8Hz),1.84-1.72(m,2H),1.64-1.55(m,1H),1.52-1.35(m,3H),1.30-1.16(m,1H);ESI-MS(m/z,%):365(M+1,100%).
N-(1-(2-(1-甲基吡咯烷-2-基)乙基)-2-(4-硝基苯基)-1H-吲哚-5-基)噻吩-2-甲亚胺酸酰胺(21):将化合物20(97mg,0.266mmol)和无水乙醇(10mL)加入到装有磁力搅拌棒的干燥氩气吹扫过的烧瓶中。将噻吩-2-硫代甲亚胺酸甲酯氢碘酸盐(98.7mg,0.346mmol)加入到所述烧瓶中,接着该反应在氩气中在环境温度下搅拌46小时,此时2M NH3在甲醇:CH2Cl2,5:95中的溶剂体系中的薄层色谱(展开两次)表明,未完全消耗20。加入冷凝器,接着将该混合物加热回流5小时。加入额外数量的噻吩-2-硫代甲亚胺酸甲酯氢碘酸盐(0.2eq),接着在65℃再继续搅拌24小时。加入另外份的噻吩-2-硫代甲亚胺酸甲酯氢碘酸盐(0.2eq)和乙醇(10mL),接着在回流下再继续搅拌72小时。薄层色谱在2M NH3在甲醇:CH2Cl2,5:95中的溶剂体系中(展开两次)表明,未完全消耗20。加入另外份的噻吩-2-硫代甲亚胺酸甲酯氢碘酸盐(1.0eq),接着将该混合物加热回流6小时,然后在环境温度下搅拌48小时。所述混合物通过烧结玻璃漏斗过滤以除去不溶物质,将该滤液浓缩,残余物用干燥硅胶柱色谱提纯,用30mL份的溶剂体系(2M NH3在甲醇:CH2Cl2中,5:95)洗脱,得到一种橙色油21(35mg,27.8%);
1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ 8.36(d,2H,J=8.6Hz),8.18(s,1H),7.86(d,2H,J=8.8Hz),7.75(d,1H,J=3.2Hz),7.61(d,1H,J=5.3Hz),7.52(d,1H,J=8.8Hz),7.14-7.05(2 x m,2H),6.85-6.80(m,1H),6.69(s,1H),4.29(m,2H),2.91-2.84(m,1H),2.08和2.06(2 x s,3H),2.03-1.93(m,1H),1.90-1.78(m,1H),1.72-1.63(m,1H),1.61-1.43(m,3H),1.37-1.20(m,2H);ESI-MS(m/z,%):474(M+1,100%).
实施例6.制备N-(1-(2-(二甲氨基)乙基)-2-甲基-1H-吲哚-5-基)噻吩-2-甲
亚胺酸酰胺(25)
N,N-二甲基-2-(2-甲基-5-硝基-1H-吲哚-1-基)乙胺(23):将化合物22(0.3g,1.702mmol)、2-氯-N,N-二甲基乙胺盐酸盐(0.26g,1.873mmol)和K2CO3(0.7g,5.108mmol)在干燥DMF(3mL)中的混合物在65-70℃搅拌18h。将所述反应达到室温,用水(25mL)和CH2Cl2(25mL)稀释。分离CH2Cl2层,接着将水层萃取到CH2Cl2(25mL)中。合并的有机层用盐水(15mL)洗涤,接着干燥(Na2SO4)。蒸除溶剂,粗产物用柱色谱提纯(2M NH3在MeOH:CH2Cl2中,3:97),获得固体形式的化合物23(0.38g,90%)。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ 2.18(s,6H),2.47(s,3H),2.51(t,2H,J=7.2Hz),4.27(t,2H,J=6.9Hz),6.50(s,1H),7.58(d,1H,J=9.3Hz),7.95(dd,1H,J=2.1,9.0Hz),8.42(d,1H,J=2.1Hz);E5I-MS(m/z,%)248(MH+,100).
1-(2-(二甲氨基)乙基)-2-甲基-1H-吲哚-5-胺(24):化合物23(0.35g,1.415mmol)在干燥乙醇(3mL)中的溶液用Pd-C(~0.05g)处理,接着用氢气冲洗。将该反应在氢气气氛中搅拌过夜。该反应通过硅藻土床过滤,用甲醇(3 x 10mL)洗涤,干燥,获得糖浆形式的粗化合物24(0.29g,94%)。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ 2.18(s,6H),2.32(s,3H),2.42(t,2H,J=7.2Hz),4.03(t,2H,J=7.2Hz),4.37(s,2H),5.88(s,1H),6.42(dd,1H,J=2.1,8.4Hz),6.56(d,1H,J=2.1Hz),7.00(d,1H,J=8.7Hz);ESI-MS(m/z,%)218(MH+,100).
N-(1-(2-(二甲氨基)乙基)-2-甲基-1H-吲哚-5-基)噻吩-2-甲亚胺酸酰胺(25):在室温下,将化合物24(0.275g,1.266mmol)在干燥乙醇(5mL)中的溶液用噻吩-2-硫代甲亚胺酸甲酯氢碘酸盐(0.72g,2.532mmol)处理,接着搅拌过夜(16h)。该反应用饱和NaHCO3溶液(25mL)稀释,产物萃取到CH2Cl2(2 x 25mL)中。合并的CH2Cl2层用盐水(15mL)洗涤,接着干燥(Na2SO4)。蒸除溶剂,粗产物用柱色谱提纯(2M NH3在MeOH:CH2Cl2中,5:95),获得泡沫形式的化合物25(0.32g,78%)。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ 2.22(s,6H),2.39(s,3H),2.46-2.51(m,2H,与DMSO峰融合在一起),4.14(t,2H,J=6.9Hz),6.09(s,1H),6.20(brs,2H),6.61(dd,1H,J=1.2,8.4Hz),6.87(s,1H),7.09(t,1H,J=4.2Hz),7.27(d,1H,J=8.7Hz),7.57(d,1H,J=5.1Hz),7.70(d,1H,J=3.3Hz);ESI-MS(m/z,%)327(MH+,100);ESI-HRMS 元素分析 C18H23N4S(MH+),计算值:327.1637;实测值:327.1653;HPLC纯度:98%面积.
实施例7.制备N-(2-甲基-1-(2-(吡咯烷-1-基)乙基)-1H-吲哚-5-基)噻吩-2-
甲亚胺酸酰胺(28)
2-甲基-5-硝基-1-(2-(吡咯烷-1-基)乙基)-1H-吲哚(26):将化合物22(0.3g,1.702mmol)、1-(2-氯乙基)吡咯烷盐酸盐(0.31g,1.873mmol)和K2CO3(0.7g,5.108mmol)在干燥DMF(3mL)中的混合物在65-70℃搅拌18h。将所述反应达到室温,用水(25mL)和CH2Cl2(25mL)稀释。分离CH2Cl2层,接着将水层萃取到CH2Cl2(25mL)中。合并的有机层用盐水(15mL)洗涤,接着干燥(Na2SO4)。蒸除溶剂,粗产物用柱色谱提纯(2M NH3在MeOH:CH2Cl2中,3:97),获得固体形式的化合物26(0.46g,定量的)。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ 1.56-1.68(m,4H),2.44-2.48(m,7H),2.70(t,2H,J=6.9Hz),4.29(t,2H,J=6.9Hz),6.51(s,1H),7.57(d,1H,J=9.0Hz),7.95(dd,1H,J=2.4,9.1Hz),8.42(d,1H,J=2.1Hz);ESI-MS(m/z,%)274(MH+,100).
2-甲基-1-(2-(吡咯烷-1-基)乙基)-1H-吲哚-5-胺(27):化合物26(0.44g,1.609mmol)在干燥乙醇(5mL)中的溶液用Pd-C(~0.05g)处理,接着用氢气冲洗。将该反应在氢气气氛中搅拌过夜。该反应通过硅藻土床过滤,用甲醇(3 x 10mL)洗涤,干燥,获得糖浆形式的粗化合物27(0.39g,定量的)。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ 1.60-1.70(m,4H),2.32(s,3H),2.40-2.48(m,4H),2.60(t,2H,J=7.2Hz),4.06(t,2H,J=7.2Hz),4.37(s,2H),5.88(s,1H),6.42(dd,1H,J=2.1,8.7Hz),6.56(d,1H,J=1.8Hz),7.00(d,1H,J=8.4Hz);ESI-MS(m/z,%)244(MH+,100).
N-(2-甲基-1-(2-(吡咯烷-1-基)乙基)-1H-吲哚-5-基)噻吩-2-甲亚胺酸酰胺(28):在室温下,将化合物27(0.37g,1.520mmol)在干燥乙醇(5mL)中的溶液用噻吩-2-硫代甲亚胺酸甲酯氢碘酸盐(0.86g,3.040mmol)处理,接着搅拌过夜(16h)。该反应用饱和NaHCO3溶液(25mL)稀释,产物萃取到CH2Cl2(2 x 25mL)中。合并的CH2Cl2层用盐水(15mL)洗涤,接着干燥(Na2SO4)。蒸除溶剂,粗产物用柱色谱提纯(2M NH3在MeOH:CH2Cl2中,5:95),获得泡沫形式的化合物28(0.43g,81%)。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ 1.64-1.76(m,4H),2.39(s,3H),2.46-2.58(m,4H),2.66(t,2H,J=7.2Hz),4.16(t,2H,J=7.2Hz),6.09(s,1H),6.20(brs,2H),6.61(dd,1H,J=1.8,8.5Hz),6.87(d,1H,J=1.2Hz),7.08(dd,1H,J=3.9,4.9Hz),7.27(d,1H,J=8.7Hz),7.57(d,1H,J=5.4Hz),7.70(d,1H,J=3.6Hz);ESI-MS(m/z,%)253(MH+,100),177(56);ESI-HRMS元素分析C20H25N4S(MH+),计算值:353.1794;实测值:353.1804;HPLC纯度:97%面积.
实施例8.制备N-(2-甲基-1-(2-(1-甲基吡咯烷-2-基)乙基)-1H-吲哚-5-基)
噻吩-2-甲亚胺酸酰胺(32)
2-甲基-1-(2-(1-甲基吡咯烷-2-基)乙基)-5-硝基-1H-吲哚(29):将化合物22(0.5g,2.838mmol)、2-(2-氯乙基)-1-甲基吡咯烷盐酸盐(0.57g,3.121mmol)和K2CO3(1.17g,8.514mmol)在干燥DMF(3mL)中的混合物在65-70℃搅拌18h。将所述反应达到室温,用水(25mL)和CH2Cl2(25mL)稀释。分离CH2Cl2层,接着将水层萃取到CH2Cl2(25mL)中。合并的有机层用盐水(15mL)洗涤,接着干燥(Na2SO4)。蒸除溶剂,粗产物用柱色谱提纯(2M NH3在MeOH:CH2Cl2中,3:97),获得化合物29(0.53g)以及化合物29和30的混合物(0.2g),91%收率。
1HNMR(DMSO-d6)δ 1.42-1.68(m,4H),1.81-2.16(m,4H),2.19(s,3H),2.46(s,3H),2.90-2.96(m,1H),4.20(t,2H,J=8.1Hz),6.52(s,1H),7.56(d,1H,J=9.3Hz),7.96(dd,1H,J=2.4,9.0Hz),8.43(d,1H,J=2.1Hz);ESI-MS(m/z,%)288(MH+,100),191(35).
2-甲基-1-(2-(1-甲基吡咯烷-2-基)乙基)-1H-吲哚-5-胺(31):化合物29(0.5g,1.739mmol)在干燥乙醇(3mL)中的溶液用Pd-C(~0.05g)处理,接着用氢气冲洗。将该反应在氢气气氛中搅拌过夜。该反应通过硅藻土床过滤,用甲醇(3 x 15mL)洗涤,干燥,获得糖浆形式的粗化合物31(0.34g,77%)。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ 1.40-1.67(m,4H),1.82-1.93(m,2H),1.98-2.10(m,2H),2.18(s,3H),2.31(s,3H),2.90-2.96(m,1H),3.97(t,2H,J=7.5Hz),4.39(s,2H),5.88(s,1H),6.43(dd,1H,J=2.1,8.4Hz),6.57(d,1H,J=1.8Hz),7.00(d,1H,J=8.7Hz);ESI-MS(m/z,%)258(MH+,28),161(100).
N-(2-甲基-1-(2-(1-甲基吡咯烷-2-基)乙基)-1H-吲哚-5-基)噻吩-2-甲亚胺酸酰胺(32):在室温下,将化合物31(0.32g,1.243mmol)在干燥乙醇(10mL)中的溶液用噻吩-2-硫代甲亚胺酸甲酯氢碘酸盐(0.7g,2.486mmol)处理,接着搅拌4h。该反应用饱和NaHCO3溶液(25mL)稀释,产物萃取到CH2Cl2(2 x 25mL)中。合并的CH2Cl2层用盐水(15mL)洗涤,接着干燥(Na2SO4)。蒸除溶剂,粗产物用柱色谱提纯(2M NH3在MeOH:CH2Cl2中,5:95),获得泡沫形式的化合物32(0.45g,99%)。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ 1.48-1.68(m,4H),1.87-1.98(m,2H),2.01-2.18(m,2H),2.22(s,3H),2.39(s,3H),2.92-2.98(m,1H),4.07(t,2H,J=7.8Hz),6.09(s,1H),6.19(brs,2H),6.62(dd,1H,J=1.5,8.5Hz),6.87(s,1H),7.08(dd,1H,J=3.6,4.9Hz),7.26(d,1H,J=8.4Hz),7.57(d,1H,J=5.4Hz),7.70(d,1H,J=3.6Hz);ESI-MS(m/z,%)367(MH+,62),184(100),126(37);ESI-HRMS元素分析C21H27N4S(MH+),计算值:367.1950,实测值:367.1965;HPLC纯度::96.2%面积.
实施例9.制备N-((1-(2-(1-甲基吡咯烷-2-基)乙基)-1H-吲哚-5-基)甲基)噻
吩-2-甲亚胺酸酰胺(37)
1-(2-(1-甲基吡咯烷-2-基)乙基)-1H-吲哚-5-腈(34):将化合物33(0.5g,3.517mmol)、2-(2-氯乙基)-1-甲基吡咯烷盐酸盐(0.712g,3.869mmol)和粉末状碳酸钾(1.458g,10.551mmol)放在一个氩气吹扫过的烧瓶中。加入DMF(15mL,Aldrich sure sealTM),接着将该混合物在油浴中加热到65℃达48小时。将所述溶液冷却至室温,用水(15mL)和乙酸乙酯(25mL)稀释。分离层,接着将水相用乙酸乙酯(2 x 25mL)萃取。合并有机萃取液,用盐水(2 x 10mL)洗涤,接着在硫酸镁中干燥。将样品过滤,浓缩,接着所得粗产物用干燥硅胶柱色谱提纯,用50mL份的溶剂体系(2M NH3在甲醇:CH2Cl2中,2.5:97.5-5:95)洗脱,得到两种化合物,浅黄色油34(0.36g,40.4%);
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ 7.97(s,1H),7.45-7.37(2 x m,2H),7.23(d,1H,J=3.1Hz),6.58(d,1H,J=3.4Hz),4.28-4.11(m,2H),3.10-3.04(m,1H),2.28(s,3H),2.22-2.04(m,3H),1.99-1.66(2 x m,4H),1.55-1.43(m,1H);ESI-MS(m/z,%):254(M+1,100%)和重排产物,无色油35;1H NMR(CDCl3)δ 7.96(s,1H),7.41(s,2H),7.36(d,1H,J=3.4Hz),6.59(d,1H,J=3.4Hz),4.60(五重峰,1H),2.81-2.64(m,4H),2.44(s,3H),2.22-2.07(m,4H),2.00-1.92(m,1H),1.85-1.72(m,1H);ESI-MS(m/z,%):254(M+1,100%).
(1-(2-(1-甲基吡咯烷-2-基)乙基)-1H-吲哚-5-基)甲胺(36):向装有磁力搅拌棒、冷凝器和滴液漏斗的干燥氩气吹扫的烧瓶中加入氢化铝锂(80.9mg,2.131mmol)、无水乙醚(10mL),接着开始搅拌。将化合物34(360mg,1.421mmol)在无水乙醚(10mL)中的溶液加入到滴液漏斗中,接着滴加到该LiAlH4悬浮液中,将混合物在环境温度下搅拌30分钟。通过依次加入100ul H2O、125ul 3M氢氧化钠和300ul H2O猝灭反应。过滤除去不溶物质后,将所述溶液浓缩,残余物通过硅胶色谱提纯两次(2M NH3在甲醇:CH2Cl2中,5:95-1:9),得到浅黄色油36(149mg,40.7%);
1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ 7.45(s,1H),7.37-7.33(2 x m,2H),7.10(d,1H,J=8.2Hz),6.35(d,1H,J=3.1Hz),4.15(t,2H,J=7.4Hz),3.76(s,2H),2.93-2.87(m,1H),2.15(s,3H),2.12-2.03(m,1H),2.00-1.93(m,2H),1.88-1.79(m,1H),1.68-1.52(m,3H),1.44-1.35(m,1H);ESI-MS(m/z,%):258(M+1,100%).
N-((1-(2-(1-甲基吡咯烷-2-基)乙基)-1H-吲哚-5-基)甲基)噻吩-2-甲亚胺酸酰胺(37):将化合物36(124mg,0.482mmol)和无水乙醇(10mL)加入到装有磁力搅拌棒的干燥氩气吹扫过的烧瓶中。将噻吩-2-硫代甲亚胺酸甲酯氢碘酸盐(178.5mg,0.626mmol)加入到所述烧瓶中,接着将所述反应在氩气中在环境温度下搅拌96小时。所述溶液用乙醚(50ml)稀释,得到一种灰白色沉淀,该灰白色沉淀在烧结玻璃漏斗上收集并用醚洗涤。将所述固体在H2O和乙酸乙酯之间进行分配,接着加入3M氢氧化钠溶液将pH值调节到9。将所述混合物转入到分液漏斗中,接着收集有机层。所述水层进一步用乙酸乙酯萃取,合并的有机层用盐水洗涤,在硫酸镁中干燥,过滤,浓缩,残余物通过硅胶色谱(2M NH3在甲醇:CH2Cl2中,1:9)提纯,得到一种浅黄色残余物37(100mg,56.6%);
1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ 7.60(d,1H,J=3.8Hz),7.51(m,2H),7.39-7.34(2 x m,2H),7.16-7.13(m,1H),7.06(dd,1H,J=3.8,5.1Hz),6.86-6.54(brs,2H),6.37(d,1H,J=3.0Hz),4.38(s,2H),4.16(t,2H,J=7.3Hz),2.94-2.87(m,1H),2.16(s,3H),2.11-1.92(2 x m,3H),1.89-1.80(m,1H),1.69-1.55(m,3H),1.48-1.36(m,1H);ESI-MS(m/z,%):367(M+1,100%).
实施例10.制备N-(1-(3-吗啉代丙基)-1H-吲哚-5-基)噻吩-2-甲亚胺酸酰胺
二盐酸盐(40)
1-(3-氯丙基)-5-硝基-1H-吲哚(38):向含有氢化钠(0.98g,24.5mmol,60%在矿物油中)的烧瓶(2颈,250mL)中加入干燥DMF(30mL),同时在冰浴中冷却。将化合物1(1.0g,617mmol)在DMF(20mL)中的溶液加入到该冰冷却溶液中,形成一种酒色溶液。将此溶液搅拌,接着加入纯净的1-氯-3-碘丙烷(1.95mL,3eq)。从冰浴中除去该混合物,搅拌2小时,接着用水(80mL)和盐水(20mL)淬灭。缓慢地形式一种黄色沉淀,将该黄色沉淀过滤收集并用水洗涤。所述样品风干过夜。该样品用甲苯重结晶,获得固体形式的化合物38(1.0886g,74%)。mp74-76℃。
4-(3-(5-硝基-1H-吲哚-1-基)丙基)吗啉(39):向含有磁力搅拌棒的小反应瓶中加入化合物38(155mg,0.649mmol)、碘化钾(1.078g,6.49mmol)和碳酸钾(898.0mg,6.49mmol)。将该瓶密封并用氩气吹扫。通过隔膜加入无水乙睛(4mL),接着加入吗啉(0.57mL,6.54mmol)。将该瓶放在加热器中并在81℃搅拌68小时。将所述反应冷却至室温。该非均匀反应用二氯甲烷(5mL)稀释,接着通过硅藻土过滤。用额外二氯甲烷(10mL)洗涤该硅藻土塞,接着用甲醇(5mL)洗涤。滤液在旋转蒸发仪上浓缩,在高真空中进一步干燥。所述产物用硅胶柱色谱提纯(2M NH3在MeOH:CH2Cl2中,5:95),得到黄色油形式的化合物39(190mg,100%)。
1HNMR(CDCl3)δ 8.59(d,J=2.1Hz,1H),8.11(dd,J=2.7,9.0Hz,1H),7.42(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),7.28(d,J=3.3Hz,1H),6.69(d,J=3.0Hz,1H),4.30(t,J=6.3Hz,2H),3.75(brs,4H),2.41(brs,4H),2.27(brs,2H),2.04(brs,2H);ESI-MS(m/z,%):290(M+1,100).
N-(1-(3-吗啉代丙基)-1H-吲哚-5-基)噻吩-2-甲亚胺酸酰胺(40):向含有化合物39(153mg,0.529mmol)的氩气吹扫的圆底烧瓶中加入10%重量钯/碳(56mg,0.053mmol)和磁力搅拌棒,接着加入绝对乙醇(10mL)。将该系统装备有氢气填充的气球。使用水泵(water aspirator)除去氩气氛并用氢气替换。将该气氛再除去两次并总共用3次氢气替换并搅拌17.5小时。TLC(2M NH3在甲醇:CH2Cl2中,5:95)显示反应已经完成。该反应通过5um PTFE玻璃料过滤。所述玻璃料用绝对乙醇(5mL)洗涤。将所述滤液转移到一个装有磁力搅拌棒的反应瓶中,接着用氩气吹扫。加入固体形式的噻吩-2-硫代甲亚胺酸甲酯氢碘酸盐(226mg,0.793mmol),接着将所述反应在室温下搅拌18小时。通过TLC测得反应已经完成,用醚(40mL)稀释,将反应过滤以收集沉淀。该沉淀用醚洗涤。将该沉淀溶于乙醇中并在室温下与DOWES-66树脂(3.00g)一起搅拌。将混合物在室温下搅拌2小时。将反应过滤,接着将滤液浓缩。所述物质用硅胶柱色谱提纯(2M NH3在甲醇:CH2Cl2中,2.5:97.5-5:95),获得棕色油形式的化合物40(122mg)。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ 7.72(d,J=3.6Hz,1H),7.58(d,J=3.6Hz,1H),7.41(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),7.29(d,J=3.0Hz,1H),7.09(t,J=4.5Hz,1H),6.97(s,1H),6.69(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),6.32(d,J=3.0Hz,1H),6.22(brs,2H),4.17(t,J=6.6
Hz,2H),3.58(t,J=4.5Hz,4H),2.31(m,4H),2.21(t,J=6.9Hz,2H),1.90(m,2H);ESI-MS(m/z,%):369(M+1);ESI-HRMS元素分析 C20H25N4OS(MH+):369.1743,实测值:369.1754.
实施例11.制备N-(1-(3-金刚烷氨基丙基)-1H-吲哚-5-基)噻吩-2-甲亚胺酸
酰胺(42)
1-N-(3-(5-硝基-1H-吲哚-1-基)丙基)金刚烷胺(41):反应如对于化合物39所述那样进行。滤液用硅藻土浓缩,得到一种浅褐色固体。所述产物用硅胶柱色谱提纯(2M NH3在MeOH:CH2Cl2中,5:95),得到浓稠黄色油形式的化合物41(221mg,96.5%)。
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ 8.59(d,J=2.1Hz,1H),8.11(dd,J=2.1,9.0Hz,1H),7.40(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),7.29(d,J=3.0Hz,1H),6.67(d,J=3.0Hz,1H),4.29(t,J=6.9Hz,2H),2.60(t,J=6.6Hz,2H),2.00(m,5H),1.64(m,12H);ESI-MS(m/z,%):354(M+1,100).
N-(1-(3-金刚烷氨基丙基)-1H-吲哚-5-基)噻吩-2-甲亚胺酸酰胺(42):反应如对于化合物40所述那样进行。所述物质用硅胶柱色谱提纯(2MNH3在甲醇:CH2Cl2中,2.5:97.5-5:95),获得棕色油形式的化合物42(235mg)。
1H NMR(甲醇 -d4)δ 7.71(dd,J=1.2,3.9Hz,1H),7.67(d,J=4.5Hz,1H),7.60(d,J=5.7Hz,1H),7.48(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),7.26(d,J=2.7Hz,1H),7.22(d,J=1.8Hz,1H),7.14(m,2H),6.90(dd,J=1.8,8.7Hz,1H),6.45(d,J=3.0Hz,1H),4.28(t,J=6.9Hz,2H),2.65(m,2H),2.04(m,5H),1.70(m,12H);ESI-MS(m/z,%):433(M+1);ESI-HRMS 元素分析 C26H33N4S(MH+):433.242,实测值:433.2399.
实施例12.制备N-(1-(3-((1-乙基吡咯烷-2-基)甲基氨基)丙基)-1H-吲哚-5-
基)噻吩-2-甲亚胺酸酰胺(44)
N-((1-乙基吡咯烷-2-基)甲基)-3-(5-硝基-1H-吲哚-1-基)丙-1-胺(43):反应如对于化合物39所述那样进行。滤液用硅藻土浓缩,得到棕色油。所述粗产物使用硅胶柱色谱提纯(2M NH3在甲醇:CH2Cl2中,2.5:97.5-5:95),获得黄色-橙色油形式的化合物43(212mg,99%)。
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ 8.59(d,J=2.1Hz,1H),8.10(dd,J=2.7,9.0Hz,1H),7.42(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),7.29(d,J=3.3Hz,1H),6.67(d,J=3Hz,1H),4.30(dt,J=2.4,6.6Hz,2H),3.24(m,1H),2.90(m,1H),2.48(m,5H),2.28(m,2H),2.01(m,5H),1.75(m,3H);ESI-MS(m/z,%):331(MH+,100).
N-(1-(3-((1-乙基吡咯烷-2-基)甲基氨基)丙基)-1H-吲哚-5-基)噻吩-2-甲亚胺酸酰胺(44):反应如对于化合物40所述那样进行。所述物质用硅胶柱色谱提纯(2M NH3在甲醇:CH2Cl2中,2.5:97.5-5:95),获得棕色油形式的化合物44(170mg)。
1HNMR(DMSO-d6)δ 7.72(d,J=3.6Hz,1H),7.58(d,J=3.6Hz,1H),7.40(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.27(d,J=3.0Hz,1H),7.09(s,1H),6.98(s,1H),6.69(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),6.51(J=6.6Hz,1H),6.32(brs,2H),4.18(t,J=6.6Hz,2H),4.04(m,1H),3.02(m,1H),2.78(m,2H),2.38(m,3H),2.07(m,3H),1.85(m,4H),1.60(m,4H);ESI-MS(m/z,%):410(MH+,100).
实施例13.制备N-(1-(3-(环丙基氨基)丙基)-1H-吲哚-5-基)噻吩-2-甲亚胺
酸酰胺(46)
N-(3-(5-硝基-1H-吲哚-1-基)丙基)环丙胺(45):反应如对于化合物39所述那样进行。滤液用硅藻土浓缩,得到一种浅黄色固体。所述粗产物用硅胶柱色谱提纯(2M NH3在MeOH:CH2Cl2中,5:95),得到黄色油形式的化合物45(144mg,87%)。
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ 8.59(d,J=2.1Hz,1H),8.11(dd,J=2.7,9.0Hz,1H),7.40(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),7.28(d,J=3.3Hz,1H),6.68(d,J=3.0Hz,1H),4.27(t,J=6.9Hz,2H),2.73(t,J=6.9Hz,2H),2.10(m,3H),0.48(m,3H);ESI-MS(m/z,%):259(M+1,100).
N-(1-(3-(环丙基氨基)丙基)-1H-吲哚-5-基)噻吩-2-甲亚胺酸酰胺(46):反应如对于化合物40所述那样进行。所述物质用硅胶柱色谱提纯(2MNH3在甲醇:CH2Cl2中,2.5:97.5-5:95),获得棕色油形式的化合物46(173mg)。
1H NMR(甲醇-d4)δ 7.72(d,J=3.6Hz,1H),7.58(d,J=3.6Hz,1H),7.40(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),7.29(d,J=3.0Hz,1H),7.09(t,J=4.5Hz,1H),6.97(s,1H),6.69(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),6.32(d,J=3.0Hz,1H),6.22(brs,2H),4.17(t,J=6.6Hz,2H),3.59(t.J=4.5Hz,4H),2.32(m,4H),2.22(t,J=6.9Hz,2H),1.91(m,2H);ESI-MS(m/z,%)339(M+1);ESI-HRMS元素分析C19H23N4S(MH+):339.1637,实测值:339.1644.
实施例14.制备N-(1-(3-(二甲氨基)丙基)-1H-吲哚-5-基)噻吩-2-甲亚胺酸
酰胺(48)
N,N-二甲基-3-(5-硝基-1H-吲哚-1-基)丙-1-胺(47):反应如对于化合物39所述那样进行。滤液用硅藻土浓缩,得到一种浅黄色固体。所述粗产物用硅胶柱色谱提纯(2M NH3在MeOH:CH2Cl2中,5:95),得到黄色油形式的化合物47(152mg,95%)。
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ 8.59(d,J=2.1Hz,1H),8.11(dd,J=2.7,9.0Hz,1H),7.42(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),7.29(d,J=3.3Hz,1H),6.68(d,J=3.0Hz,1H),4.28(t,J=6.9Hz,2H),2.24(m,8H),2.03(m,2H);ESI-MS(m/z,%):248(M+1,100).
N-(1-(3-(二甲氨基)丙基)-1H-吲哚-5-基)噻吩-2-甲亚胺酸酰胺(48):反应如对于化合物40所述那样进行。所述物质用硅胶柱色谱提纯(2M NH3在甲醇:CH2Cl2中,2.5:97.5-5:95),获得棕色固体形式的化合物48(48mg)。
1H NMR(甲醇 -d4)δ 7.63(dd,J=1.8,3.6Hz,1H),7.56(d,J=4.2Hz,1H),7.45(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),7.22(d,J=3.0Hz,1H),7.18(d,J=1.8Hz,1H),7.13(t,J=4.5Hz,1H),6.87(dd,J=2.1,8.7Hz,1H),641(d,J=3.3Hz,1H),4.23(t,J=6.9Hz,2H),2.27(m,2H),2.23(s,6H),2.03(m,2H);ESI-MS327(M+1);ESI-HRMS元素分析C18H23N4S(MH+):327.1637,实测值:327.1640.
实施例15.制备N-(1-(2-(1-甲基吡咯烷-2-基)乙基)-1H-吲哚-5-基)呋喃-2-
甲亚胺酸酰胺(53)和N-(1-(1-甲基氮杂环庚烷-4-基)-1H-吲哚-5-基)呋喃
-2-甲亚胺酸酰胺(54)
1-(2-(1-甲基吡咯烷-2-基)乙基)-5-硝基-1H-吲哚(49)和1-(1-甲基氮杂环庚烷-4-基)-5-硝基-1H-吲哚(50):将化合物1(1.0g,6.167mmol)、2-(2-氯乙基)-1-甲基吡咯烷盐酸盐(1.249g,6.784mmol)和粉末状碳酸钾(2.557g,18.501mmol)放在一个烘干的、氩气吹扫过的烧瓶中。加入DMF(20mL,Aldrich sure sealTM),接着将该混合物在油浴中加热到65℃达22小时。将所述溶液冷却至室温,用水(20mL)和乙酸乙酯(50mL)稀释。将所述混合物转入到分液漏斗中,接着收集有机层。水相进一步用乙酸乙酯(2 x 50mL)萃取。合并有机萃取液,用盐水(2 x 10mL)洗涤,接着在硫酸镁中干燥。将样品过滤,浓缩,接着所得粗产物用干燥硅胶柱色谱提纯,用50mL份的溶剂体系(2M NH3在甲醇:CH2Cl2中,5:95)洗脱,得到两种化合物,化合物49:黄色油状物(0.829g,49.2%);
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ 8.58(d,1H,J=2.0Hz),8.12(dd,1H,J=9.1,2.2Hz),7.38-7.35(m,1H),7.27(s,1H),6.69(d,1H,J=3.1Hz),4.32-4.14(m,2H),3.15-3.08(m,1H),2.31(s,3H),2.28-2.08(m,3H),2.01-1.66(2 x m,4H),1.59-1.47(m,1H);ESI-MS:274(M+1,100%)和化合物50(重排产物):黄色油(0.259g,15.4%);1H NMR(CDCl3)δ 8.58(d,1H,J=2.2Hz),8.11(dd,1H,J=9.3,2.2Hz),7.43-7.38(2 x m,2H),6.69(d,1H,J=3.3Hz),4.64(五重峰,1H,J=7.2Hz),2.85-2.69(m,4H),2.48(s,3H),2.28-2.13(2 x m,4H),2.06-1.92(m,1H),1.87-1.77(m,1H);ESI-MS(m/z,%):274(M+1,100%).
N-(1-(2-(1-甲基吡咯烷-2-基)乙基)-1H-吲哚-5-基)呋喃-2-甲亚胺酸酰胺(53):将化合物49(103.6mg,0.379mmol)溶于在干燥氩气吹扫过的烧瓶中的无水乙醇(5mL)中。快速加入钯,10wt%在活性炭上(40.3mg,0.0379mmol),接着通过真空泵抽空烧瓶中的气氛并用氢气球中的氢气代替。将所述气氛从烧瓶中抽空并再用氢气替换两次,接着将该混合物在氢气氛中在室温下进行搅拌。3小时后,薄层色谱在2M NH3在MeOH:CH2Cl2,5:95中的溶剂体系中,表明完全转化为51,其没有分离就使用。所述混合物通过硅藻土垫过滤以除去不溶物质,该垫用无水乙醇(5mL)洗涤,接着将胺51的乙醇溶液加入到装有磁力搅拌棒的、小的、氩气吹扫的烧瓶中。将呋喃-2-硫代甲亚胺酸苄基酯氢溴酸盐(168.5mg,0.565mmol)加入到所述烧瓶中,反应在氩气中在环境温度下搅拌18小时,此时蒸除溶剂,残余物在H2O和乙酸乙酯之间进行分配,接着加入1M氢氧化钠溶液将pH值调节到8-9。将所述混合物转入到分液漏斗中,接着收集有机层。所述水层进一步用乙酸乙酯萃取,合并的有机层用盐水洗涤,在硫酸镁中干燥,过滤,浓缩,粗产物通过硅胶色谱(2M NH3在甲醇:CH2Cl2中,5:95)提纯,得到无色残余物53(125mg,98%);
1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ 7.77(s,1H),7.37(d,1H,J=8.5Hz),7.31(d,1H,J=3.0Hz),7.07(d,1H,J=3.2Hz),6.97(s,1H),6.69(d,1H,J=8.3Hz),6.60-6.57(m,1H),6.31(d,1H,J=3.2Hz),6.01(brs,2H),4.14(t,2H,J=7.3Hz),2.96-2.90(m,1H),2.19(s,3H),2.10-1.98,(m,3H),1.90-1.84(m,1H),1.71-1.66(m,3H),1.63-1.53(m,1H);ESI-MS(m/z,%):337(M+1,100%).
N-(1-(1-甲基氮杂环庚烷-4-基)-1H-吲哚-5-基)呋喃-2-甲亚胺酸酰胺(54):将化合物50(103.6mg,0.379mmol)溶于在干燥氩气吹扫过的烧瓶中的无水乙醇(5mL)中。快速加入钯,10wt%在活性炭上(40.3mg,0.0379mmol),接着通过真空泵抽空烧瓶中的气氛并用氢气球中的氢气代替。将所述气氛从烧瓶中抽空并再用氢气替换两次,接着将该混合物在氢气氛中在室温下进行搅拌。3小时后,薄层色谱在2M NH3在甲醇:CH2Cl2,5:95中的溶剂体系中,表明完全转化为52,其没有分离就使用。所述混合物通过硅藻土垫过滤以除去不溶物质,该垫用无水乙醇(5mL)洗涤,接着将胺52的乙醇溶液加入到装有磁力搅拌棒的、小的、氩气吹扫的烧瓶中。将呋喃-2-硫代甲亚胺酸苄基酯氢溴酸盐(169.5mg,0.569mmol)加入到所述烧瓶中,反应在氩气中在环境温度下搅拌96小时,此时蒸除溶剂,残余物在H2O和乙酸乙酯之间进行分配,接着加入1M氢氧化钠溶液将pH值调节到8-9。将所述混合物转入到分液漏斗中,接着收集有机层。所述水层进一步用乙酸乙酯萃取,合并的有机层用盐水洗涤,在硫酸镁中干燥,过滤,浓缩,粗产物通过硅胶色谱(2M NH3在甲醇:CH2Cl2中,5:95)提纯,得到浅黄色固体54(87mg,68.2%);
1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ 7.77(s,1H),7.42-7.39(2 x m,2H),7.08(d,1H,J=3.1Hz),6.96(s,1H),6.68(d,1H,J=8.6Hz),6.61-6.58(m,1H),6.32(d,1H,J=3.2Hz),6.02(brs,2H),4.57(五重峰,1H,J=4.8Hz),2.73-2.55(m,4H),2.31(s,3H),2.15-1.99,(m,4H),1.87-1.64(m,2H);ESI-MS(m/z,%):337(M+1,100%).
实施例16.制备(+)-55和(-)-55
制备化合物(+)-55和(-)-55:通过手性HPLC获得对映异构体的分离。
柱子:Chiralpak AD-H
洗脱液:100%乙腈(0.1%二乙胺)
流速:300ml/min等浓度的(Isocratic)
波长:300nm
化合物(+)-55:第一洗脱异构体,Rt=9.2min.,1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ 7.78(s,1H),7.43-7.40(2 x m,2H),7.10(brs,1H),7.03(s,1H),6.71(d,1H,J=8.4Hz),6.61(s,1H),6.33(d,1H,J=3.1Hz),6.40-6.20(brs,1H),4.59(五重峰,1H,J=4.8Hz),2.73-2.55(m,4H),2.32(s,3H),2.18-1.98(m,4H),1.88-1.65(m,2H);ESI-MS(m/z,%):337(M+1,60%),169(M+双电荷,100%);ESI-HRMS 元素分析C20H25N4O(MH+):337.2039;实测值:337.2022.
化合物(-)-55:第二洗脱异构体,Rt=14.6mins,1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ7.80(s,1H),7.44-7.40(2 x m,2H),7.12(brs,1H),7.04(s,1H),6.73(d,1H,J=8.5Hz),6.61(s,1H),6.34(d,1H,J=3.0Hz),4.59(五重峰,1H,J=4.8Hz),2.74-2.56(m,4H),2.33(s,3H),2.18-1.92(m,4H),1.87-1.65(m,2H);ESI-MS(m/z,%):337(M+1,80%),169(M+双电荷,100%);ESI-HRMS元素分析C20H25N4O(MH+):337.2036;实测值:337.2022.
实施例17.制备N-(1-(2-(1-甲基吡咯烷-2-基)乙基)-1H-吲哚-5-基)噻吩-2-
甲亚胺酸酰胺(56)
N-(1-(2-(1-甲基吡咯烷-2-基)乙基)-1H-吲哚-5-基)噻吩-2-甲亚胺酸酰胺(56):将化合物49(103.6mg,0.379mmol)溶于在干燥氩气吹扫过的烧瓶中的无水乙醇(5mL)中。快速加入钯,10wt%在活性炭上(40.3mg,0.0379mmol),接着通过真空泵抽空烧瓶中的气氛并用氢气球中的氢气代替。将所述气氛从烧瓶中抽空并再用氢气替换两次,接着将该混合物在氢气氛中在室温下进行搅拌。3小时后,薄层色谱在(2M NH3在MeOH:CH2Cl2中,1:9)的溶剂体系中,表明完全转化为51,其没有分离就使用。所述混合物通过硅藻土垫过滤以除去不溶物质,该垫用无水乙醇(5mL)洗涤,接着将胺51的乙醇溶液加入到装有磁力搅拌棒的、小的、氩气吹扫的烧瓶中。将噻吩-2-硫代甲亚胺酸甲酯氢碘酸盐(161.2mg,0.565mmol)加入到所述烧瓶中,反应在氩气中在环境温度下搅拌90小时,此时蒸除溶剂,残余物在H2O和乙酸乙酯之间进行分配,接着加入1M氢氧化钠溶液将pH值调节到8-9。将所述混合物转入到分液漏斗中,接着收集有机层。所述水层进一步用乙酸乙酯萃取,合并的有机层用盐水洗涤,在硫酸镁中干燥,过滤,浓缩,残余物通过硅胶色谱(2M NH3在甲醇:CH2Cl2中,2.5:97.5-5:95)提纯,得到浅黄色油56(30mg,23.5%);
1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ7.71(d,1H,J=3.7Hz),7.60-7.55(m,1H),7.37(d,1H,J=8.7Hz),7.32(d,1H,J=3.0Hz),7.10-7.07(m,1H),6.98(s,1H),6.70(d,1H,J=8.5Hz),6.32(d,1H,J=3.0Hz),6.24(brs,2H),4.14(t,2H,J=7.5Hz),2.96-2.90(m,1H),2.19(s,3H),2.11-1.95(m,3H),1.93-1.75(m,1H),1.71-1.55(m,3H),1.48-1.40(m,1H);ESI-MS(m/z,%):353(M+1,80%).
实施例18.制备(+)-57和(-)-57
制备化合物(+)-57和(-)-57:通过手性HPLC获得对映异构体的分离。
柱子:Chiracel OD-H 20 x 250mm
洗脱液:8%乙醇/92%己烷(0.1%二乙胺)
流速:5.6mL/min等浓度的
波长:230nm
(+)-57:第一洗脱异构体,1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ 7.72(d,1H,J=3.2Hz),7.59(d,1H,J=4.6Hz),7.38(d,1H,J=8.6Hz),7.32(d,1H,J=3.0Hz),7.11-7.08(m,1H),6.99(s,1H),6.71(dd,1H,J=8.4,1.3Hz),6.32(d,1H,J=3.0Hz),6.40-6.20(brs,2H),4.14(t,2H,J=74Hz),2.99-2.90(m,1H),2.21(s,3H),2.14-2.01(m,3H),1.96-1.85(m,1H),1.72-1.58(m,3H),1.53-1.41(m,1H);ESI-MS(m/z,%):353(M+1,50%),177(M+双电荷,d,100%);ESI-HRMS 元素分析C20H25N4S(MH+):353.1807;实测值:353.1794.
(-)-57:第二洗脱异构体,1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ 7.73(d,1H,J=3.4Hz),7.60(d,1H,J=5.2Hz),7.39(d,1H,J=8.6Hz),7.33(d,1H,J=3.0Hz),7.12-7.09(m,1H),7.01(s,1H),6.72(m,1H),6.33(d,1H,J=3.0Hz),6.45-6.20(brs,2H),4.15(t,2H,J=7.4Hz),3.02-2.92(m,1H),2.23(s,3H),2.17-2.03(m,3H),1.98-1.86(m,1H),1.74-1.60(m,3H),1.54-1.42(m,1H);ESI-MS(m/z,%):353(M+1,50%),177(M+双电荷,100%);ESI-HRMS元素分析C20H25N4S(MH+):353.1805;实测值:353.1794.
实施例19.制备N-(1-(1-甲基氮杂环庚烷-4-基)-1H-吲哚-5-基)噻吩-2-甲亚
胺酸酰胺(58)
N-(1-(1-甲基氮杂环庚烷-4-基)-1H-吲哚-5-基)噻吩-2-甲亚胺酸酰胺(58):将化合物50(103.6mg,0.379mmol)溶于在干燥氩气吹扫过的烧瓶中的无水乙醇(5mL)中。快速加入钯,10wt%在活性炭上(40.3mg,0.0379mmol),接着通过真空泵抽空烧瓶中的气氛并用氢气球中的氢气代替。将所述气氛从烧瓶中抽空并再用氢气替换两次,接着将该混合物在氢气氛中在室温下进行搅拌。3小时后,薄层色谱在2M NH3在MeOH:CH2Cl2,5:95中的溶剂体系中,表明完全转化为52,其没有分离就使用。所述混合物通过硅藻土垫过滤以除去不溶物质,该垫用无水乙醇(5mL)洗涤,接着将胺52的乙醇溶液加入到装有磁力搅拌棒的、小的、氩气吹扫的烧瓶中。将噻吩-2-硫代甲亚胺酸甲酯氢碘酸盐(216.2mg,0.758mmol)加入到所述烧瓶中,反应在氩气中在环境温度下搅拌96小时,此时蒸除溶剂,残余物在H2O和乙酸乙酯之间进行分配,接着加入1M氢氧化钠溶液将pH值调节到8-9。将所述混合物转入到分液漏斗中,接着收集有机层。所述水层进一步用乙酸乙酯萃取,合并的有机层用盐水洗涤,在硫酸镁中干燥,过滤,浓缩,粗产物通过硅胶色谱(2M NH3在甲醇:CH2Cl2中,3.25:96.75-5:95)提纯,得到浅黄色-灰白色残余物58(70mg,52.4%);
1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ 7.71(d,1H,J=2.8Hz),7.58(d,1H,J=4.4Hz),7.43-7.39(2 x m,2H),7.10-7.07(m,1H),6.97(d,1H,J=1.1Hz),6.69-6.66(m,1H),6.33(d,1H,J=3.0Hz),6.25(brs,2H),4.58(m,1H),2.73-2.55(m,4H),2.31(s,3H),2.15-1.94(m,4H),1.84-1.65(m,3H);ESI-MS(m/z,%):353(M+1,100%).
实施例20.制备1-(1-(2-(1-甲基吡咯烷-2-基)乙基)-1H-吲哚-5-基)-3-硝基胍
(59)
1-(1-(2-(1-甲基吡咯烷-2-基)乙基)-1H-吲哚-5-基)-3-硝基胍(59):将化合物49(200mg,0.732mmol)溶于在干燥氩气吹扫过的烧瓶中的无水乙醇(7mL)中。快速加入钯,10wt%在活性炭上(77.9mg,0.0732mmol),接着通过真空泵抽空烧瓶中的气氛并用氢气球中的氢气代替。将所述气氛从烧瓶中抽空并再用氢气替换两次,接着将该混合物在氢气氛中在室温下进行搅拌。3小时后,薄层色谱在2M NH3在MeOH:CH2Cl2,5:95中的溶剂体系中,表明完全转化为51,其没有分离就使用。所述混合物通过硅藻土垫过滤以除去不溶物质,该垫用无水乙醇(7mL)洗涤,接着将胺51的乙醇溶液加入到装有磁力搅拌棒和冷凝器的、小的、氩气吹扫的烧瓶中。H2O(7mL)和1-甲基-3-硝基-1-亚硝基胍(118mg,0.805mmol;McKay,A.F.,J.Am.Chem.Soc.71,1968-1970,1949)加入到所述烧瓶中,反应加热回流2小时,然后冷却至室温,接着在氩气中在环境温度下搅拌7天,此时蒸除乙醇,所生成的红色胶在H2O和乙酸乙酯之间进行分配。所述混合物转入到分液漏斗中,接着收集有机层。所述水层进一步用乙酸乙酯萃取,合并的有机层用盐水洗涤,在硫酸镁中干燥,过滤,浓缩,残余物通过硅胶色谱(甲醇:CH2Cl2,1:4)提纯,用乙醚研磨后,得到米色固体59(52mg,21.5%);
1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ 9.69(brs,1H),8.00(brs,2H),7.50-7.44(2 x m,3H),7.01(dd,1H,J=9.4,1.9Hz),6.46(d,1H,J=3.0Hz),4.19(t,2H,J=7.4Hz),2.96-2.90(m,1H),2.18(s,3H),2.11-1.98(m,3H),1.93-1.81(m,1H),1.71-1.59(m,3H),1.50-1.37(m,1H);ESI-MS(m/z,%):331(M+1,100%);ESI-HRMS元素分析C16H23N6O2(MH+):331.1890;实测值:331.1877.
实施例21.制备N-(1-(2-(1-甲基哌啶-2-基)乙基)-1H-吲哚-5-基)噻吩-2-甲
亚胺酸酰胺(62)
1-(2-(1-甲基哌啶-2-基)乙基)-5-硝基-1H-吲哚(60):将化合物1(400mg,2.50mmol)、2-(2-氯乙基)-1-甲基哌啶盐酸盐(537mg,2.71mmol)和碳酸钾(1.0g,7.41mmol)在DMF(7.5mL)中的悬浮液在60℃加热过夜。冷却后,将所述混合物倒入到H2O(50mL)中,然后用CH2Cl2(100mL)萃取。分离有机层,用盐水洗涤,浓缩,得到一种黄褐色固体,其进行硅胶快速色谱提纯(2M NH3在MeOH:CH2Cl2中,5:95),得到黄色油形式的化合物60(450mg,62.5%)。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ8.57(d,J=2.2Hz,1H),8.03(dd,J=2.4,9.0Hz,1H),7.70(m,2H),6.75(d,J=3.1Hz,1H),4.28(t,2H,J=7.3Hz),2.77-2.73(m,1H),2.14(s,3H),1.92-1.84(m,4H),1.67-1.35(m,6H);ESI-MS(m/z,%):288(M+1,100%).
1-(2-(1-甲基哌啶-2-基)乙基)-1H-吲哚-5-胺(61):将化合物60(400mg,1.4mmol)在甲醇(10mL)中的溶液加入到在圆底烧瓶中的阮内镍(在H2O中的淤浆,50mg)中。所述悬浮液用水合肼(435μL,14.0mmol)处理,在回流下加热10分钟,然后通过硅藻土垫过滤。所述硅藻土垫用甲醇(10mL)洗涤。浓缩滤液,得到一种暗褐色残余物,其进行硅胶快速色谱提纯(2M NH3在MeOH:CH2Cl2中,5:95),得到粘稠油形式的化合物61(260mg,72.2%)。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ 7.14(d,J=3.0Hz,1H),7.09(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),6.67(d,J=1.8Hz,1H),6.52(dd,J=1.8,8.7Hz,1H),6.09(d,J=1.8Hz,1H),4.45(brs,2H),4.04(t,J=7.2Hz,2H),2.76-2.72(m,1H),2.15(s,3H),2.02-1.17(m,10H);ESI-MS(m/z,%):258(M+1).
N-(1-(2-(1-甲基哌啶-2-基)乙基)-1H-吲哚-5-基)噻吩-2-甲亚胺酸酰胺(62):化合物61(235mg,0.91mmol)在EtOH(10mL)中的溶液用噻吩-2-硫代甲亚胺酸甲酯氢碘酸盐(520mg,1.83mmol)处理,接着在室温下搅拌过夜。将氩气鼓入混合物20分钟,然后将混合物浓缩,得到棕色油。将这残余物在含10% MeOH的CH2Cl2(50mL)和饱和碳酸氢钠(20mL)之间进行分配。水层用额外的CH2Cl2(50mL)萃取。合并的有机层用盐水洗涤,在硫酸钠中干燥,浓缩,得到一种棕色残余物,其进行硅胶快速色谱提纯(MeOH:CH2Cl2,5:95-2M NH3在MeOH:CH2Cl2中,1:9),得到黄色固体形式的化合物62(154mg,46.1%)。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ7.71(d,J=2.9Hz,1H),7.58(d,J=5.1Hz,1H),7.37-7.30(m,2H),7.10-7.08(m,1H),6.98(s,1H),6.70(dd,J=1.5,6.9Hz,1H),6.31(d,J=3.0Hz,1H),6.25(brs,2H),4.15(t,J=7.5Hz,2H),2.79-2.75(m,1H),2.19(s,3H),2.05-1.15(m,10H);ESI-MS(m/z,%):367(M+1,50),184(M+2,100);ESI-HRMS元素分析C21H27N4S(MH+):367.1966,实测值:367.1937.
通过溶于10%MeOH/CH2Cl2(10mL)溶液中,冷却至0℃并用1mL的1M HCl在Et2O中的溶液处理,将这种化合物62(121mg,0.33mmol)转化为所述二盐酸盐。将所述溶液搅拌20分钟,然后浓缩,得到黄褐色油。在高真空中干燥过夜后,获得黄色固体。收率:120mg。HPLC分析表明,产物>99%纯度。
实施例22.制备N-(1-(喹宁环-3-基)-1H-吲哚-5-基)噻吩-2-甲亚胺酸酰胺
(71)
4-溴-2-(2,2-二甲氧基乙基)-1-硝基苯(66):化合物64(500mg,2.315mmol)(Olsen等,美国专利号4,287,201)溶于在装有磁力搅拌棒和冷凝器的干燥氩气吹扫的烧瓶中的无水二甲基甲酰胺(10mL)中。将二甲基甲酰胺二甲缩醛(828mg,6.945mmol)和吡咯烷(165mg,2.315mmol)加入到该烧瓶中,接着将混合物110℃加热90分钟。冷却至室温后,将所述反应混合物用乙醚和H2O稀释,转入到分液漏斗中,接着收集有机层。有机层用H2O(两次)洗涤,合并的水层再用乙醚萃取回来(两次)。合并的有机层在无水硫酸钠中干燥,过滤,浓缩,得到暗红色油65,其没有提纯就使用。将该粗烯胺溶于无水甲醇中,用三甲基氯硅烷(3当量)处理并回流20小时。在减压下浓缩反应,残余物在饱和碳酸氢钠溶液和乙酸乙酯之间进行分配。将所述混合物转入到分液漏斗中,接着收集有机层。所述水层进一步用乙酸乙酯萃取,合并的有机层用盐水洗涤,在硫酸钠中干燥,过滤,浓缩,残余物通过硅胶色谱(EtOAc:己烷,1:9)提纯,得到一种浅褐色固体66(330mg,49.2%)。
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ 3.20(d,2H,J=5.2Hz),3.35(s,6H),4.55(t,1H,J=5.2Hz),7.51(dd,1H,J=8.5,2.1Hz),7.58(d,1H,J=1.9Hz),7.78(d,1H,J=8.6Hz);ESI-MS(m/z,%):312/314(M+Na+,90%),198/200(100%);ESI-HRMS元素分析C10H12NO4NaBr(M+Na+),计算值:311.9841;实测值:311.9826.
4-溴-2-(2,2-二甲氧基乙基)苯胺(67):将化合物66(75mg,0.259mmol)溶于在装有磁力搅拌棒和冷凝器的干燥氩气吹扫的烧瓶中的无水乙醇(10mL)中。将连二亚硫酸钠(158.8mg,0.776mmol)和碳酸氢钠(130.6mg,1.554mmol)加入到所述烧瓶中,接着将混合物加热回流24小时。冷却至室温后,通过加入H2O(10mL)猝灭反应,接着在减压下除去乙醇。将所得水层转入到分液漏斗并用乙酸乙酯萃取(三次)。合并的有机层用盐水洗涤,在硫酸钠中干燥,过滤,浓缩,残余物通过硅胶色谱(甲醇:CH2Cl2,2:98)提纯,得到一种棕色油67(32mg,47.5%)。
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ 2.83(d,2H,J=5.3Hz),3.38(s,6H),4.48(t,1H,J=5.3Hz),6.61(d,1H,J=8.2Hz),7.13(d,1H,J=2.2Hz),7.15-7.17(m,1H);ESI-MS(m/z,%):198/200(M+-2MeO,100%).
N-(4-溴-2-(2,2-二甲氧基乙基)苯基)-喹宁环-3-胺(68):将化合物67(160mg,0.615mmol)和喹宁环-3-酮(115.5mg,0923mmol)在乙酸(5mL)中在氩气中在无水硫酸钠(874mg,6.150mmol)存在下在室温下搅拌30分钟。然后加入乙酰氧基硼氢化钠(391mg,1.845mmol),接着将该混合物在室温下搅拌24小时。薄层色谱在2M NH3在甲醇:CH2Cl2中,5:95的溶剂系统中表明,未完全消耗67,因此加入第二份喹宁环-3-酮(38.4mg,0.307mmol),接着将该混合物再搅拌20小时。用8:1乙酸乙酯:己烷的混合物稀释后,反应用饱和碳酸氢钠淬灭。将所述混合物转入到分液漏斗中,接着分离有机层。有机层在硫酸钠中干燥,在减压下浓缩,所述残余物通过硅胶色谱提纯(2M NH3在甲醇:CH2Cl2中,2.5:97.5-5:95),得到无色残余物68(137mg,60.3%)。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ 1.25-1.39(m,1H),1.53-1.80(2 x m,3H),1.86-1.94(m,1H),2.64-2.77(m,4H),2.80(d,2H,J=5.2Hz),3.14-3.24(m,1H),3.27and3.29(2 x s,6H),3.34-3.40(m,1H),4.54(t,1H,J=5.2Hz),5.04(d,1H,J=5.8Hz),6.43(d,1H,J=8.3Hz),7.13-7.15(m,1H),7.17(s,1H);ESI-MS(m/z,%):369/371(MH+,100%).
3-(5-溴-1H-吲哚-1-基)奎宁环(69):化合物68(137mg,0.371mmol)溶于在干燥氩气吹扫的烧瓶中的无水1M HCl/甲醇(10mL)中,回流1小时,在减压下浓缩,得到灰白色固体形式的69的HCl盐(129mg,100%)。
1H NMR(MeOD)δ 1.89-2.00(m,2H),2.10-2.20(m,1H),2.25-2.34(m,1H),2.39-2.44(m,1H),3.43-3.53(m,3H),3.64-3.77(m,1H),3.86-3.93(m,1H),4.00-4.09(m,1H),5.17-5.22(m,1H),6.58(d,1H,J=3.4Hz),7.31(dd,1H,J=8.5,1.8Hz),7.42(d,1H,J=8.8Hz),7.70(d,1H,J=3.5Hz),7.73(d,1H,J=1.8Hz);ESI-MS(m/z,%):305/307(MH+,100%).
1-(喹宁环-3-基)-1H-吲哚-5-胺(70):化合物69(95mg,0.311mmol)、三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯(O)(28.5mg,0.031mmol)和无水四氢呋喃(10mL)加入到装有磁力搅拌棒和冷凝器的干燥氩气吹扫的烧瓶中。加入三-叔丁基膦(10wt%在己烷中,125.9mg,0.062mmol)的溶液,接着滴加二(三甲基甲硅烷基)氨基化锂(0.993mL,0.993mmol)的1M四氢呋喃溶液,接着将混合物回流45分钟的期间。然后,将所述混合物冷却至室温,然后至0℃,用1M HCl(10mL)淬灭并搅拌15分钟。将所述溶液用乙酸乙酯稀释,加入浓NH4OH将pH值调节到9。将所述混合物转入到分液漏斗中,接着收集有机层。所述水层进一步用乙酸乙酯萃取,合并的有机层用盐水洗涤,在硫酸镁中干燥,过滤,浓缩,残余物通过硅胶色谱(2M NH3在甲醇:CH2Cl2中,5:95)提纯,得到黄色残余物70(60mg,79.9%)。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ1.22-1.47(m,2H),1.57-1.70(m,1H),1.73-1.90(2 x m,2H),2.66-2.84(2 x m,3H),2.97-3.04(m,1H),3.09-3.20(m,2H),4.41-4.54(2 x m,3H),6.17(d,1H,J=3.1Hz),6.51(dd,1H,J=8.8,2.0Hz),6.68(d,1H,J=2.0Hz),7.12(d,1H,J=8.7Hz),7.50(d,1H,J=3.2Hz);ESI-MS(m/z,%):242(MH+,100%).
N-(1-(喹宁环-3-基)-1H-吲哚-5-基)噻吩-2-甲亚胺酸酰胺(71):将化合物70(60mg,0.249mmol)加入到在磁力搅拌棒的小的,氩气吹扫过的烧瓶中。将无水乙醇(5mL)和噻吩-2-硫代甲亚胺酸甲酯氢碘酸盐(124mg,0.435mmol)加入到所述烧瓶中,反应在氩气中在环境温度下搅拌18小时,此时蒸除溶剂,残余物在H2O和乙酸乙酯之间进行分配,接着加入1M氢氧化钠溶液将pH值调节到9。将所述混合物转入到分液漏斗中,接着收集有机层。所述水层进一步用乙酸乙酯萃取,合并的有机层用盐水洗涤,在硫酸镁中干燥,过滤,浓缩,残余物通过硅胶色谱(2M NH3在甲醇:CH2Cl2中,5:95-7.5:92.5)提纯,然后再次在硅胶上(甲醇:CH2Cl2,1:9-2M NH3在甲醇:CH2Cl2中,1:9)提纯,得到黄色固体71(30mg,34.4%)。
1HNMR(DMSO-d6)δ 1.27-1.53(2 x m,2H),1.60-1.69(m,1H),1.79-1.96(2 x m,2H),2.69-2.87(m,3H),3.03-3.13(m,1H),3.19-3.30(m,1H),3.34-3.44(m,1H),4.57-4.68(m,1H),6.28(brs,2H),6.39(d,1H,J=3.1Hz),6.70(dd,1H,J=8.4,1.6Hz),7.00(d,1H,J=1.2Hz),7.09(dd,1H,J=4.9,3.9Hz),7.39(d,1H,J=8.6Hz),7.59(d,1H,J=5.1Hz),7.67(d,1H,J=3.2Hz),7.71(d,1H,J=3.5Hz);ESI-MS(m/z,%):351(M+1,60%),176(M++ 双电荷,100%);ESI-HRMS 元素分析C20H23N4S(MH+):351.1637,实测值:351.1639.
实施例23.制备N-(1-(吡啶-3-基)-1H-吲哚-5-基)噻吩-2-甲亚胺酸酰胺(74)
5-硝基-1-(吡啶-3-基)-1H-吲哚(72):化合物1(195mg,1.20mmol)、3-溴吡啶(98μl,1.00mmol)、碘化亚铜(9.5mg,0.05mmol)和K3PO4(400mg,2.10mmol)在甲苯(6mL)中的悬浮液用N,N’-二甲基亚乙基二胺(21.5μl,0.20mmol)处理,然后在110℃加热过夜。TLC分析表明,绝大部分起始吲哚和3-溴吡啶以及新的更多的极性斑。该反应混合物用额外的碘化亚铜((9.5mg,0.05mmol)和N,N’-二甲基亚乙基二胺(21.5μl,0.20mmol)处理。将所述混合物在110℃加热7小时。冷却后,将所述混合物倒入到H2O(20mL)中,然后用CH2Cl2(100mL)萃取。分离有机层,用盐水洗涤,浓缩,得到一种黄色固体,其进行硅胶快速色谱提纯(CH2Cl2-MeOH:CH2Cl2,5:95),得到作为黄色固体的化合物72(195mg,67.9%)。
1HNMR(DMSO-d6)δ 8.90(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),8.70-8.69(m,2H),8.16-8.07(m,2H),7.99(d,J=3.2Hz,1H),7.71-7.65(m,2H),7.05(d,J=3.3Hz);ESI-MS(m/z,%):240(M+1,100%).
1-(吡啶-3-基)-1H-吲哚-5-胺(73):将化合物72(350mg,1.46mmol)在甲醇(10mL)中的溶液加入到在圆底烧瓶中的阮内镍(在H2O中的淤浆,50mg)中。所述悬浮液在回流下加热10分钟,然后通过硅藻土垫过滤。所述硅藻土垫用甲醇(20mL)洗涤。将滤液浓缩,残余物进行硅胶色谱提纯(CH2Cl2-MeOH:CH2Cl2,5:95),得到粘稠油形式的化合物73(300mg,98.4%)。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ 8.81(d,J=2.6Hz,1H),8.53-8.51(m,1H),8.02-7.99(m,1H),7.56-7.54(m,2H),7.32(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),6.77(d,J=1.9Hz,1H),6.59(dd,J=2.1,6.7Hz,1H),6.47(d,J=3.4Hz,1H),4.72(brs,2H);ESI-MS(m/z,%):210(M+1,100%).
N-(1-(吡啶-3-基)-1H-吲哚-5-基)噻吩-2-甲亚胺酸酰胺(74):化合物73(275mg,1.32mmol)在15mL EtOH中的溶液用噻吩-2-硫代甲亚胺酸甲酯氢碘酸盐(750mg,2.63mmol)处理,接着在室温下搅拌过夜。将氩气鼓入混合物20分钟,然后将混合物用CH2Cl2(50mL)稀释,接着用饱和碳酸氢钠(20mL)处理。分离有机层,水层用额外的50mL CH2Cl2萃取。合并的有机层在硫酸钠中干燥,浓缩,得到一种黄色固体,其进行硅胶快速色谱提纯,使用5%MeOH/CH2Cl2-5%2M NH3在MeOH/CH2Cl2中,得到灰白色残余物,化合物74(210mg,50%)。HPLC分析表明,所述产物>98%纯度。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ 8.85(d,J=2.5Hz,1H),8.58(d,J=4.0Hz,1H),8.08-8.05(m,1H),7.75-7.53(m,5H),7.12-7.09(m,2H),6.78(dd,J=1.5,7.0Hz,1H),6.67(d,J=3.1Hz,1H),6.35(brs,2H);ESI-MS(m/z,%):319(M+1,100%);ESI-HRMS 元素分析 C18H15N4S(MH+):319.1011,实测值:319.1015.
通过溶于10%MeOH/CH2Cl2溶液(10mL)中,冷却至0℃并用1MHCl在Et2O中的溶液(2mL)处理,将这种化合物74(170mg,0.53mmol)转化为所述二盐酸盐。将该溶液搅拌20分钟,然后浓缩,在高真空中干燥过夜后,得到一种黄色固体。收率:190mg。HPLC分析表明,所述产物>98%纯度。
实施例24.制备N-(1-(6-氨基吡啶-3-基)-1H-吲哚-5-基)噻吩-2-甲亚胺酸酰
胺(77)
5-(5-硝基-1H-吲哚-1-基)吡啶-2-胺(75):化合物1(195mg,1.20mmol)、5-溴吡啶-2-胺(173mg,1.00mmol)、碘化亚铜(9.5mg,0.05mmol)和K3PO4(400mg,2.10mmol)在甲苯(6mL)中的悬浮液用N,N′-二甲基亚乙基二胺(21.5μl,0.20mmol)处理,然后在110℃加热过夜。TLC分析表明,绝大部分起始吲哚和3-溴吡啶以及新的更多的极性斑。所述反应混合物用额外的碘化亚铜((9.5mg,0.05mmol)和N,N′-二甲基亚乙基二胺(21.5μl,0.20mmol)处理。将所述混合物在110℃加热7小时。冷却后,将所述混合物倒入到H2O(20mL)中,然后用CH2Cl2(100mL)萃取。分离有机层,用盐水洗涤,浓缩,得到一种黄色固体,其进行硅胶快速色谱提纯(CH2Cl2-MeOH:CH2Cl2,5:95),得到所需化合物75(110mg,36.1%)。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ 8.65(d,J=2.2Hz,1H),8.10(d,J=2.7Hz,1H),8.05(dd,J=2.7,6.9Hz,1H),7.76(d,J=3.2Hz,1H),7.60(dd,J=2.9,6.0Hz,1H),7.47(d,J=9.2Hz,1H),6.94(d,J=3.2Hz,1H),6.61(d,J=8.8Hz,1H);ESI-MS(m/z,%):255(M+1,100%).
1-(6-氨基吡啶-3-基)-1H-吲哚-5-胺(76):将化合物75(200mg,0.79mmol)在甲醇(10mL)中的溶液加入到在圆底烧瓶中的阮内镍(在H2O中的淤浆,50mg)中。所述悬浮液在回流下加热10分钟,然后通过硅藻土垫过滤。所述硅藻土垫用甲醇(20mL)洗涤。将滤液浓缩,残余物进行硅胶色谱提纯(CH2Cl2-MeOH:CH2Cl2,1:9),得到一种灰白色固体形式的化合物76(140mg,79.1%)。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ 8.01(d,J=2.7Hz,1H),7.51(dd,J=2.9,6.1Hz,1H),7.27(d,J=3.0Hz,1H),7.04(d,J=8.6Hz,1H),6.73(d,J=2.1Hz,1H),6.59(s,1H),6.56(s,1H),6.55(dd,J=2.1,6.8Hz,1H),6.33(d,J=3.0Hz,1H),6.10(brs,2H),4.61(brs,2H);ESI-MS(m/z,%):225(M+1,100%).
N-(1-(6-氨基吡啶-3-基)-1H-吲哚-5-基)噻吩-2-甲亚胺酸酰胺(77):化合物76(120mg,0.53mmol)在EtOH(5mL)中的溶液用噻吩-2-硫代甲亚胺酸甲酯氢碘酸盐(183mg,0.64mmol)处理,接着在室温下搅拌过夜。将氩气鼓入混合物20分钟,然后将悬浮液用CH2Cl2(50mL)稀释,接着用饱和碳酸氢钠(20mL)处理。分离有机层,水层用额外的CH2Cl2(50mL)萃取。合并的有机层在硫酸钠中干燥,浓缩,得到一种黄色固体,其进行硅胶快速色谱提纯(MeOH:CH2Cl2,5:95-2M NH3在MeOH:CH2Cl2中,5:95),得到黄色固体形式的化合物77(86mg,48.9%)。HPLC分析表明,所述产物>99%纯度。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ8.06(d,J=2.5Hz,1H),7.72(d,J=3.4Hz,1H),7.60-7.50(m,2H),7.42(d,J=3.0Hz,1H),7.11-7.06(m,2H),6.71(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),6.61(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),6.53(d,J=3.0,1H),6.30(brs,2H),6.16(brs,2H);ESI-MS(m/z,%):334(M+1,100%);ESI-HRMS元素分析C18H16N5S(MH+):334.1120,实测值:334.1135.
通过溶于10%MeOH/CH2Cl2溶液(10mL)中,冷却至0℃并用1MHCl在Et2O中的溶液(2mL)处理,将这种化合物77(65mg,0.20mmol)转化为所述二盐酸盐。将该溶液搅拌20分钟,然后浓缩,在高真空中干燥过夜后,得到一种黄色固体。收率:70mg。HPLC分析表明,所述产物>99%纯度。
实施例25.制备N-(1-(1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-1H-吲哚-5-基)噻吩-2-甲亚胺酸酰
胺(82)
N-(4-溴苯基)-1-甲基哌啶-4-胺(78):将4-溴苯胺(1.0g,5.813mmol)溶于在装有磁力搅拌棒的干燥氩气吹扫的烧瓶中的无水二氯乙烷(30mL)中。将1-甲基哌啶-4-酮(671uL,5.813mmol)、乙酸(329uL,5.813mmol)和三乙酰氧基硼氢化钠(1.848g,8.719mmol)加入到所述烧瓶中,接着将混合物在环境温度下搅拌22小时,然后加热到55℃达4小时。冷却至室温后,所述混合物转入到分液漏斗,接着加入1M氢氧化钠溶液将pH值调节到10。收集有机层,水层进一步用二氯甲烷萃取。合并的有机层用盐水洗涤,在硫酸镁中干燥,过滤,浓缩,粗产物通过硅胶色谱(甲醇:CH2Cl2,5:95然后2M NH3在甲醇:CH2Cl2中,1:9)提纯,得到灰白色固体78(1.0g,63.9%)。
1HNMR(CDCl3)δ 1.40-1.58(m,2H),1.98-2.22(m,4H),2.31(s,3H),2.73-2.89(m,2H),3.15-3.32(m,1H),3.45-3.58(m,1H),6.47(d,2H,J=8.8Hz),7.23(d,2H,J=8.8Hz);ESI-MS(m/z,%):269/271(MH+,100%).
1-(5-溴-2-(1-甲基哌啶-4-基氨基)苯基)-2-氯乙酮(79):向搅拌下的在在冰浴中冷却的、干燥氩气吹扫的烧瓶中的三氯化硼(1M溶液在CH2Cl2中,3.34mL,3.34mmol)在无水CH2Cl2(5mL)中的溶液中滴加化合物78(0.75g,2.786mmol)在无水CH2Cl2(5mL)中的溶液。滴加氯乙腈(0.351mL,5.572mmol),接着将该混合物加热回流6小时。冷却至室温后,缓慢加入冰冷的1M HCl(5mL),接着将反应回流20分钟。冷却后,分离有机层,酸性水层进一步用CH2Cl2萃取(两次)。合并的有机层用盐水洗涤,浓缩,得到化合物79的盐酸盐,为亮黄色固体(583mg,54.7%)。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ 1.61-1.74(m,2H),1.90-2.25(2 x m,3H),2.75,2.80(2 x s,3H),2.96-3.16(m,2H),3.40-3.53(m,1H),3.66-3.80(m,1H),5.13(s,2H),6.97(d,1H,J=9.1Hz),7.58(d,1H,J=9.1Hz),7.97(s,1H),8.57(d,1H,J=7.4Hz),10.35(brs,1H);ESI-MS(m/z,%):345/347/349(MH+,100%).
5-溴-1-(1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-1H-吲哚(80):向冰冷的化合物79(583mg,1.526mmol)在95%乙醇(25mL)中的溶液中加入1M氢氧化钠(1526mL,1.526mmol),接着加入硼氢化钠(28.9mg,0.763mmol),接着将该混合物在冰冷却下搅拌45分钟。所述反应用冰冷的H2O(25mL)淬灭,用CH2Cl2稀释,转入到分液漏斗中,接着分离有机层。水层进一步用CH2Cl2萃取(两次),合并的有机层用盐水洗涤,在硫酸钠中干燥,浓缩至残余物。将所述残余物吸收于无水二噁烷(25mL)中,接着加热回流3小时。冷却至室温后,所述反应用冰冷的2N碳酸钾处理,用CH2Cl2稀释,转入到分液漏斗中,接着分离有机层。所述水层进一步用CH2Cl2萃取(两次),合并的有机层用水(两次)、盐水洗涤,在硫酸钠中干燥,在减压下浓缩,接着将所述残余物通过硅胶色谱提纯(2M NH3在甲醇:CH2Cl2中2.5:97.5-5:95),得到一种灰白色固体80(265mg,59.3%)。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ 1.83-1.93(m,2H),1.95-2.04(m,2H),2.13(dt,2H,J=11.5,2.2Hz),2.23(s,3H),2.89(d,2H,J=11.4Hz),4.28-4.35(m,1H),6.44(d,1H,J=3.1Hz),7.22(dd,1H,J=8.7,1.8Hz),7.51-7.56(m,2H),7.72(d,1H,J=1.9Hz);ESI-MS(m/z,%):293/295(MH+,100%).
1-(1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-1H-吲哚-5-胺(81):化合物80(265mg,0.904mmol)、三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯(O)(82.7mg,0.0904mmol)和无水四氢呋喃(20ml)加入到装有磁力搅拌棒和冷凝器的干燥氩气吹扫的烧瓶中。加入三-叔丁基膦(10wt%在己烷中,365.7mg,538uL,0.1808mmol)的溶液,接着滴加二(三甲基甲硅烷基)氨基化锂(2.71mL,2.710mmol)的1M四氢呋喃溶液,接着将混合物回流45分钟的期间。所述混合物冷却至室温,然后冷却至0℃,用1M HCl(10mL)淬灭,接着搅拌10分钟。将所述溶液用乙酸乙酯稀释,加入5M NH4OH将pH值调节到9。将所述混合物转入到分液漏斗中,接着收集有机层。所述水层进一步用乙酸乙酯萃取,合并的有机层用盐水洗涤,在硫酸镁中干燥,过滤,浓缩,残余物通过硅胶色谱(EtOAc:甲醇:Et3N,8:1:1)提纯,得到一种浅黄色固体81(102mg,49.2%)。
1HNMR(DMSO-d6)δ:1.80-1.98(m,4H),2.11(dt,2H,J=11.2,3.5Hz),2.23(s,3H),2.88(d,2H,J=11.6Hz),4.08-4.19(m,1H),4.46(brs,2H),6.13(d,1H,J=3.0Hz),6.51(dd,1H,J=8.8,2.1Hz),6.67(d,1H,J=2.0Hz),7.18(d,1H,J=8.6Hz),7.24(d,1H,J=3.1Hz);EI-MS(m/z,%):229(M+,100%).
N-(1-(1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-1H-吲哚-5-基)噻吩-2-甲亚胺酸酰胺(82):将化合物81(100mg,0.436mmol)加入到装有磁力搅拌棒的小的,氩气吹扫过的烧瓶中。将无水乙醇(7mL)和噻吩-2-硫代甲亚胺酸甲酯氢碘酸盐(217.6mg,0.763mmol)加入到所述烧瓶中,反应在氩气中在环境温度下搅拌23小时,此时蒸发溶剂,残余物在H2O和乙酸乙酯之间进行分配,接着加入1M氢氧化钠溶液将pH值调节到9。将所述混合物转入到分液漏斗中,接着收集有机层。所述水层进一步用乙酸乙酯萃取,合并的有机层用盐水洗涤,在硫酸镁中干燥,过滤,浓缩,残余物通过硅胶色谱(2M NH3在甲醇:CH2Cl2中,5:95-7.5:92.5)提纯,得到黄色固体82(83mg,56.2%)。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ 1.85-2.05(m,4H),2.10-2.19(m,2H),2.24(s,3H),2.90(d,2H,J=11.4Hz),4.20-4.32(m,1H),6.25(br s,2H),6.35(d,1H,J=3.0Hz),6.69(dd,1H,J=9.8,1.4Hz),6.98(s,1H),7.07-7.10(m,1H),7.41(d,1H,J=3.1Hz),7.45(d,1H,J=8.7Hz),7.59(d,1H,J=5.1Hz),7.71(d,1H,J=3.1Hz);ESI-MS(m/z,%):339(MH+,100%);ESI-HRMS元素分析C19H23N4S(MH+):339.1637,实测值:339.1647.
实施例26.制备N-(1-(8-甲基-8-氮杂双环[3.2.1]辛烷-3-基)-1H-吲哚-5-基)
噻吩-2-甲亚胺酸酰胺(86)
N-(4-溴-2-(2,2-二甲氧基乙基)苯基)-8-甲基-8-氮杂双环[3.2.1]辛烷-3-胺(83):粗化合物67(225.4mg,0.866mmol)和8-甲基-8-氮杂双环[3.2.1]辛烷-3-酮(241.1mg,1.732mmol)在乙酸(10mL)中在氩气中在无水硫酸钠(1.230g,8.660mmol)存在下在室温下搅拌30分钟。然后,加入三乙酰氧基硼氢化钠(550.6mg,2.598mmol),接着将该混合物在室温下搅拌24小时。用8:1乙酸乙酯:己烷的混合物稀释后,反应用饱和碳酸氢钠淬灭。将所述混合物转入到分液漏斗中,接着分离有机层。有机层在硫酸钠中干燥,在减压下浓缩,残余物通过硅胶色谱提纯(2M NH3在甲醇:CH2Cl2中,5:95%),得到浅黄色残余物83(120mg,36.1%),其为内/外型立体异构体的5:1或1:5的混合物。
1H NMR(主要异构体-DMSO-d6)δ 1.56-1.70(m,2H),1.87-1.99(m,4H),2.04-2.09(m,2H),2.21(s,3H),2.79(d,2H,J=5.3Hz),3.03-3.17(m,2H),3.28(s,6H),3.40-3.49(m,1H),4.54(t,1H,J=5.3Hz),4.98(s,1H),6.36(d,1H,J=9.3Hz),7.11-7.21(m,2H);ESI-MS(m/z,%):383/385(MH+,100%).
5-溴-1-(8-甲基-8-氮杂双环[3.2.1]辛烷-3-基)-1H-吲哚(84):化合物83(118mg,0.308mmol)溶于在干燥氩气吹扫的烧瓶中的无水1M HCl/甲醇(10mL)中,回流1小时,在减压下浓缩,得到一种发光的棕色固体84(125mg,100%),其为内/外型立体异构体的5:1或1:5的混合物。
1H NMR(主要异构体-DMSO-d6)δ 1.85-1.96(m,2H),2.15-2.26(m,2H),2.31-2.40(m,2H),2.66(d,3H,J=4.9Hz),2.76-2.93(m,2H),3.87-3.96(m,2H),4.99-5.11(m,1H),6.49(d,1H,J=3.4Hz),7.24-7.34(m,1H),7.49(d,1H,J=8.8Hz),7.76(d,1H,J=1.6Hz),7.79(d,1H,J=2.9Hz);ESI-MS(m/z,%):319/321(MH+,100%).
1-(8-甲基-8-氮杂双环[3.2.1]辛烷-3-基)-1H-吲哚-5-胺(85):化合物84(73mg,0.2287mmol)、三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯(O)(20.9mg,0.0229mmol)和无水四氢呋喃(10mL)加入到装有磁力搅拌棒和冷凝器的干燥氩气吹扫的烧瓶中。加入三-叔丁基膦(10wt%在己烷中,92.5mg,0.0457mmol)的溶液,接着滴加二(三甲基甲硅烷基)氨基化锂(0.686mL,0.686mmol)的1M四氢呋喃溶液,接着将混合物回流90分钟时间。将所述混合物冷却至室温,然后,冷却至0℃,用1M HCl(10mL)淬灭,接着搅拌15分钟。将所述溶液用乙酸乙酯稀释,加入浓NH4OH将pH值调节到9。将所述混合物转入到分液漏斗中,接着收集有机层。所述水层进一步用乙酸乙酯萃取,合并的有机层用盐水洗涤,在硫酸镁中干燥,过滤,浓缩,得到粗产物。该粗胺与来自相同反应的第二粗产物合并,所述残余物通过硅胶色谱提纯(EtOAc:甲醇:Et3N,8:1:1),得到一种棕色固体85(52mg,37.6%),其为内/外型立体异构体的5:1或1:5的混合物。
1H NMR(主要异构体-DMSO-d6)δ 1.53-1.70(m,4H),2.00-2.09(m,2H),2.18(s,3H),3.17-3.32(m,2H),4.54(五重峰,1H,J=8.2Hz),6.11(d,1H,J=3.1Hz),6.49(dd,1H,J=8.6,2.1Hz),6.65(d,1H,J=1.9Hz),7.05(d,1H,J=8.7Hz),7.26(d,1H,J=3.2Hz);ESI-MS(m/z,%):256(MH+,100%).
N-(1-(8-甲基-8-氮杂双环[3.2.1]辛烷-3-基)-1H-吲哚-5-基)噻吩-2-甲亚胺酸酰胺(86):将化合物85(52mg,0.2036mmol)加入到装有磁力搅拌棒的小的,氩气吹扫过的烧瓶中。将无水乙醇(5mL)和噻吩-2-硫代甲亚胺酸甲酯氢碘酸盐(87.1mg,0.3056mmol)加入到所述烧瓶中,反应在氩气中在环境温度下搅拌23小时,此时蒸发溶剂,残余物通过硅胶色谱提纯(甲醇:CH2Cl2,1:9-2M NH3在甲醇:CH2Cl2中,5:95),得到一种浅黄色残余物86(77mg,100%)。
1H NMR(主要异构体-MeOD)δ 1.81-1.89(m,2H),2.07-2.14(m,2H),2.23-2.31(m,2H),2.48(s,3H),2.69-2.79(m,2H),3.49-3.59(m,2H),4.51-4.61(m,1H),6.58(d,1H,J=3.3Hz),7.13(dd,1H,J=8.7,1.9Hz),7.31-7.34(m,1H),7.54-7.57(m,2H),7.61(d,1H,J=3.5Hz),7.94-7.97(m,2H);ESI-MS(m/z,%):365(MH+,15%),183(M++双电荷,100%);ESI-HRMS元素分析C21H25N4S(MH+):365.1794,实测值:365.1784.
实施例27.制备N-(1-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)-1H-吲哚-5-基)噻吩-2-甲亚胺酸
酰胺(90)
N-(4-溴-2-(2,2-二甲氧基乙基)苯基)四氢-2H-吡喃-4-胺(87):化合物67(300mg,1.153mmol)和二氢-2H-吡喃-4(3H)-酮(231mg,2.306mmol)在乙酸(10mL)中在氩气中在无水硫酸钠(1.638g,11.530mmol)存在下在室温下搅拌30分钟。然后,加入三乙酰氧基硼氢化钠(733mg,3.459mmol),接着将该混合物在室温下搅拌19小时。用8:1乙酸乙酯:己烷的混合物稀释后,反应用饱和碳酸氢钠淬灭。将所述混合物转入到分液漏斗中,接着分离有机层。有机层在硫酸钠中干燥,在减压下浓缩,所述残余物通过硅胶色谱提纯(EtOAc:己烷,1:4然后2M NH3在甲醇:CH2Cl2中,3:7然后100%甲醇),得到一种浅黄色油87(168mg,42.3%)。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ 1.34-1.47(m,2H),1.86(d,2H,J=12.3Hz),2.75(d,2H,J=5.3Hz),3.27(s,6H),3.35-3.49(2 x m,3H),3.77-3.91(2 x m,2H),4.52(t,1H,J=5.3Hz),4.89(d,1H,J=7.6Hz),6.60(d,1H,J=9.4Hz),7.10-7.20(m,2H);ESI-MS(m/z,%):344/346(MH+,5%),280/282(环化产物,100%).
5-溴-1-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)-1H-吲哚(88):化合物87(168mg,0.488mmol)溶于在干燥氩气吹扫的烧瓶中的无水1M HCl/甲醇(10mL)中,回流1小时,在减压下浓缩,得到浅褐色固体形式的化合物88(145mg,100%)。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ 1.77-2.06(m,4H),3.57(dt,2H,J=11.4,2.1Hz),3.99(dd,2H,J=11.2,4.0Hz),4.59-4.69(m,1H),6.46(d,1H,J=3.2Hz),7.23(dd,1H,J=8.9,2.1Hz),7.57-7.60(m,2H),7.73(d,1H,J=1.8Hz).ESI-MS(m/z,%):280/282(MH+,100%).
1-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)-1H-吲哚-5-胺(89):化合物88(140mg,0.500mmol)、三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯(0)(45.7mg,0.050mmol)和无水四氢呋喃(15mL)加入到装有磁力搅拌棒和冷凝器的干燥氩气吹扫的烧瓶中。加入三-叔丁基膦(10wt%在己烷中,202.3mg,0.100mmol)的溶液,接着滴加二(三甲基甲硅烷基)氨基化锂(1.500mL,1.500mmol)的1M四氢呋喃溶液,接着将混合物回流45分钟的期间。所述混合物冷却至室温,然后冷却至0℃,用1M HCl(10mL)淬灭,接着搅拌15分钟。将所述溶液用乙酸乙酯稀释,加入浓NH4OH将pH值调节到9。将所述混合物转入到分液漏斗中,接着收集有机层。所述水层进一步用乙酸乙酯萃取,合并的有机层用盐水洗涤,在硫酸镁中干燥,过滤,浓缩,残余物通过硅胶色谱(EtOAc:己烷,7:3)提纯,得到一种浅褐色固体89(96mg,88.8%)。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ 1.80-1.99(m,4H),3.53(dt,2H,J=11.4,2.9Hz),3.95-3.99(m,2H),4.39-4.50(m,1H),4.55(brs,2H),6.14(d,1H,J=4.1Hz),6.52(dd,1H,J=8.8,2.1Hz),6.68(d,1H,J=1.9Hz),7.23(d,1H,J=8.6Hz),7.27(d,1H,J=3.2Hz);ESI-MS(m/z,%):217(MH+,100%).
N-(1-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)-1H-吲哚-5-基)噻吩-2-甲亚胺酸酰胺(90):将化合物89(95mg,0.439mmol)加入到装有磁力搅拌棒的小的,氩气吹扫过的烧瓶中。将无水乙醇(5mL)和噻吩-2-硫代甲亚胺酸甲酯氢碘酸盐(219.2mg,0.769mmol)加入到所述烧瓶中,反应在氩气中在环境温度下搅拌21小时,此时蒸发溶剂,残余物在H2O和乙酸乙酯之间进行分配,接着加入1M氢氧化钠溶液将pH值调节到9。将所述混合物转入到分液漏斗中,接着收集有机层。所述水层进一步用乙酸乙酯萃取,合并的有机层用盐水洗涤,在硫酸镁中干燥,过滤,浓缩,残余物通过硅胶色谱(甲醇:CH2Cl2,5:95-7.5:92.5)提纯,得到一种浅黄色残余物90(45mg,31.5%)。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ 1.82-2.11(m,4H),3.57(t,2H,J=11.0Hz),3.92-4.07(m,2H),4.50-4.68(m,1H),6.33(brs,2H),6.37(d,1H,J=2.5Hz),6.71(d,1H,J=8.2Hz),7.00(s,1H),7.09-7.11(m,1H),7.45(d,1H,J=2.7Hz),7.52(d,1H,J=8.6Hz),7.60(d,1H,J=4.8Hz),7.72(d,1H,J=2.7Hz);ESI-MS(m/z,%):326(MH+,100%);ESI-HRMS元素分析C18H20N3OS(MH+):326.1321,实测值:326.1332.
实施例28.制备N-(1-(2-(二甲氨基)乙基)-1H-吲哚-5-基)噻吩-2-甲亚胺酸
酰胺(93)
N,N-二甲基-2-(5-硝基-1H-吲哚-1-基)乙胺(91):将化合物1(500mg,3.08mmol)、(N,N-二甲氨基)乙基氯盐酸盐(577mg,4.00mmol)和碳酸钾(1.28g,9.26mmol)在DMF(5mL)中的悬浮液在80℃搅拌3小时。将反应转入到分液漏斗中,用冷水和乙酸乙酯稀释。含水部分用乙酸乙酯萃取两次以上,合并的有机部分用盐水洗涤,在Na2SO4中干燥,过滤并浓缩。所述残余物进行硅胶快速色谱提纯,使用0-10%2M NH3在MeOH/CH2Cl2中,得到黄色固体形式的化合物91(521mg,73%)。
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ 8.59(d,J=2.1Hz,1H),8.12(dd,J=2.4,9.3Hz,1H),7.37(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),7.32(d,J=3.3Hz,1H),6.68(d,J=3.3Hz,1H),4.26(t,J=6.6Hz,2H),2.71(t,J=7.2Hz,2H),2.29(s,6H);ESI-MS(m/z,%):234(M+1).
1-(2-(二甲氨基)乙基)-1H-吲哚-5-胺(92):化合物91(250mg,1.07mmol)在干燥甲醇(10mL)中的悬浮液用Ra-Ni(~0.05g)处理,接着用水合肼(0.33mL,10.7mmol)处理,然后将所得混合物回流20min。将所述的深绿色反应冷却至室温,通过硅藻土垫过滤,用甲醇(2 x 10mL)洗涤。蒸发所合并的甲醇层,粗产物用柱色谱提纯(2M NH3在MeOH:CH2Cl2中,5:95),获得黄色油形式的化合物92(119mg,55%)。
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ 7.16(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),7.05(d,J=3.0Hz,1H),6.92(d,J=2.1Hz,1H),6.67(dd,J=2.1,8.7Hz,1H),6.30(d,J=3.0Hz,1H),4.17(t,J=7.2Hz,2H),2.68(t,J=7.5Hz,2H),2.29(s,6H);ESI-MS(m/z,%):204(M+1).
N-(1-(2-(二甲氨基)乙基)-1H-吲哚-5-基)噻吩-2-甲亚胺酸酰胺(93):将化合物92(0.104g,0.512mmol)在绝对乙醇(3mL)中的溶液用噻吩-2-硫代甲亚胺酸甲酯氢碘酸盐(0.290g,1.02mmol)在室温下处理,接着将所得混合物搅拌3小时。所述反应用饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液(5mL)稀释,接着用二氯甲烷(30mL)稀释,然后将其转入到分液漏斗中。含水部分用二氯甲烷(2 x 30ml)萃取两次以上。合并的有机物用盐水洗涤,接着干燥(Na2SO4)。蒸发溶剂,粗产物用柱色谱提纯(2M氨在甲醇:二氯甲烷中,5:95)。产物在高真空中干燥。HPLC显示10%杂质。通过柱色谱进行第二次提纯,使用更低极性溶剂条件(2M氨在甲醇:二氯甲烷中,0:100-2.5:97.5),得到黄色油形式的纯产物93(35mg,22%)。
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ 7.43(d,J=4.5Hz,2H),7.33(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),7.21(d,J=1.2Hz,1H),7.13(d,J=3.0Hz,1H),7.08(t,J=4.2Hz,1H),6.67(dd,J=1.8,8.7Hz,1H),6.43(d,J=3.0Hz,1H),4.22(t,J=7.5Hz,2H),2.72(t,J=7.5Hz,2H),2.31(s,6H);ES-MS(m/z,%):313(M+1);ESI-HRMS元素分析 C17H21N4S(MH+):313.1481,实测值:313.1467.
实施例29.制备N-(1-(2-(哌啶-1-基)乙基)-1H-吲哚-5-基)噻吩-2-甲亚胺酸
酰胺(96)
5-硝基-1-(2-(哌啶-1-基)乙基)-1H-吲哚(94):将化合物1(500mg,3.08mmol)、1-(2-氯乙基)哌啶盐酸盐(737mg,4.00mmol)和碳酸钾(1.28g,9.26mmol)在DMF(5mL)中的悬浮液在80℃搅拌3小时。将反应转入到分液漏斗中,用冷水和乙酸乙酯稀释。含水部分用乙酸乙酯萃取两次以上,合并的有机部分用盐水洗涤,在Na2SO4中干燥,过滤并浓缩。所述残余物进行硅胶快速色谱提纯,使用0-10%2M NH3在MeOH/CH2Cl2中,得到黄色固体形式的化合物94(417mg,50%)。
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ 8.58(d,J=2.1Hz,1H),8.11(dd,J=2.4,9Hz,1H),7.38(d,J=9.3Hz,1H),7.32(d,J=3.3Hz,1H),6.66(d,J=3.3Hz,1H),4.27(t,J=6.6Hz,2H),2.70(t,J=7.2Hz,2H),2.43(m,4H),1.58(m,4H);ESI-MS(m/z,%):274(M+1).
1-(2-(哌啶-1-基)乙基)-1H-吲哚-5-胺(95):化合物94(250mg,0.915mmol)在干燥甲醇(10mL)中的悬浮液用Ra-Ni(~0.05g)处理,接着用水合肼(0.33mL,10.7mmol)处理,然后将所得混合物回流20min。将所述的深绿色反应冷却至室温,通过硅藻土垫过滤,用甲醇(2 x 10mL)洗涤。蒸发所合并的甲醇层,粗产物用柱色谱提纯(2M NH3在MeOH:CH2Cl2中,5:95),获得黄色油形式的化合物95(215mg,97%)。
1HNMR(CDCl3)δ 7.16(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),7.05(d,J=3.0Hz,1H),6.92(d,J=2.1Hz,1H),6.67(dd,J=2.1,8.7Hz,1H),6.29(d,J=3.0Hz,1H),4.18(t,J=7.2Hz,2H),2.67(t,J=7.5Hz,2H),2.45(m,4H),1.59(m,4H);ESI-MS(m/z,%):244(M+1).
N-(1-(2-(哌啶-1-基)乙基)-1H-吲哚-5-基)噻吩-2-甲亚胺酸酰胺(96):将化合物95(0.200mg,0.822mmol)在绝对乙醇(3mL)中的溶液用噻吩-2-硫代甲亚胺酸甲酯氢碘酸盐(0.350g,1.23mmol)在室温下处理,接着将所得混合物搅拌3小时。所述反应用饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液(5mL)稀释,接着用二氯甲烷(30mL)稀释,然后转入到分液漏斗中。含水部分用二氯甲烷(2 x 30ml)萃取两次以上。合并的有机物用盐水洗涤,接着干燥(Na2SO4)。蒸发溶剂,粗产物用柱色谱提纯(2M氨在甲醇:二氯甲烷中,5:95),获得黄色油形式的化合物96(130mg,45%)。
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ 7.43(d,J=2.7Hz,1H),7.41(s,1H),7.34(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),7.21(d,J=1.2Hz,1H),7.14(d,J=3.0Hz,1H),7.08(t,J=4.2Hz,1H),6.67(dd,J=1.8,8.7Hz,1H),6.42(d,J=3.0Hz,1H),4.24(t,J=7.5Hz,2H),2.73(t,J=7.5Hz,2H),2.47(m,4H),1.61(m,4H);ESI-MS(m/z,%):353(M+1);ESI-HRMS 元素分析 C20H25N4S(MH+):353.1794,实测值:353.1796.
实施例30.制备(S)-N-(1-((1-甲基吡咯烷-2-基)甲基)-1H-吲哚-5-基)噻吩
-2-甲亚胺酸酰胺(104)
(S)-苄基-2-(4-溴苯基氨基甲酰基)吡咯烷-1-甲酸酯(99):将化合物98(1.0g,4.012mmol)和三乙胺(0.56mL,4.012mmol)溶于无水四氢呋喃(20mL)中,接着将所述溶液冷却至0℃。在10分钟内滴加氯甲酸乙酯(0.384mL,4.012mmol),接着将所得溶液在0℃搅拌30分钟。在10分钟内,向此溶液中加入化合物97(0.690g,4.012mmol)在无水四氢呋喃(5mL)中的溶液。在0℃下1小时后,将所述混合物缓慢地温热至室温,接着在室温下搅拌45小时,此时所述混合物用乙酸乙酯稀释,接着通过硅藻土垫过滤。将有机层浓缩,粗产物通过硅胶色谱提纯(EtOAc:己烷,1:4-1:1),得到白色固体形式的化合物99(1.56g,96.5%)。
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ 1.81-2.08(m,3H),2.43-2.63(m,1H),3.37-3.62(m,2H),4.39-4.57(br,1H),5.10-5.32(brs,2H),7.18-7.50(m,9H),9.29(brs,1H).ESI-MS(m/z,%):425/427(MNa+,100%),403/405(MH+,10%).
(S)-4-溴-N-((1-甲基吡咯烷-2-基)甲基)苯胺(100):将氢化铝锂(0.263g,6.943mmol)和无水四氢呋喃(10mL)加入到装有磁力搅拌棒、冷凝器和滴液漏斗的干燥氩气吹扫的烧瓶中,接着将该混合物冷却至0℃。将化合物99(0.70g,1.736mmol)在无水四氢呋喃(15mL)中的溶液加入到滴液漏斗中,接着在20分钟内滴加到所述冷溶液中。所得混合物在90分钟内温热至室温,然后加热回流45分钟。冷却至室温后,然后冷却至0℃,该反应通过分批加入硫酸钠十水合物(约4.0g)猝灭。加入水(5mL)和乙酸乙酯(50mL),接着将混合物搅拌过夜,转入到分液漏斗(用少量水和乙酸乙酯洗涤),分离有机层。所述水层进一步用乙酸乙酯萃取,合并的有机层用盐水洗涤,在硫酸钠中干燥,浓缩,残余物通过硅胶色谱(MeOH:CH2Cl2,3:97-1:9)提纯,得到浅黄色油形式的化合物100(308mg,66.0%)。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ 1.48-1.67(2 x m,3H),1.83-1.95(m,1H),2.14(q,1H,J=8.6Hz),2.28(s,3H),2.32-2.38(m,1H),2.81-2.89(m,1H),2.93-2.99(m,1H),3.10-3.17(m,1H),5.54-5.66(m,1H),6.55(d,2H,J=8.9Hz),7.17(d,2H,J=8.9Hz);ESI-MS(m/z,%):269/271(MH+,100%).
(S)-1-(5-溴-2-((1-甲基吡咯烷-2-基)甲基氨基)苯基)-2-氯乙酮(101):向搅拌下的在冰浴中冷却的、干燥氩气吹扫的烧瓶中的三氯化硼(1.56mL,1.56mmol,1M溶液在CH2Cl2中)在无水二氯乙烷(15mL)中的溶液中滴加化合物100(0.30g,1.115mmol)在无水二氯乙烷(5mL)中的溶液。滴加氯乙腈(0.141mL,2.229mmol),接着将该混合物加热回流20小时。冷却至室温后,缓慢加入冰冷的1M HCl(5mL),接着将反应回流20分钟。冷却后,分离有机层,酸性水层进一步用二氯甲烷萃取(两次)。合并的有机层用盐水洗涤,浓缩,得到化合物101的粗盐酸盐(352mg,82.6%),为亮黄色残余物。
1HNMR(DMSO-d6)δ 1.49-1.60(m,1H),1.60-1.77(m.1H),1.82-1.93(m,1H),2.02-2.20(m,2H),2.28(s,3H),2.97-3.10(m,1H),3.12-3.22(m,1H),3.62-3.84(m,1H),3.99-4.11(m,1H),5.09(s,2H),6.82(d,1H,J=9.0Hz),7.52(dd,1H,J=9.0,2.3Hz),7.91(d,1H,J=2.3Hz),10.35(brs,1H);ESI-MS(m/z,%):345/347/349(MH+,100%).
(S)-5-溴-1-((1-甲基吡咯烷-2-基)甲基)-1H-吲哚(102):向冰冷的化合物101(402mg,1.052mmol)在95%乙醇(20mL)中的溶液中加入1M氢氧化钠(1.052mL,1.052mmol),接着加入硼氢化钠(19.9mg,0.526mmol),接着将该混合物在冰冷却下搅拌45分钟。所述反应用冰冷的H2O(5mL)淬灭,用二氯甲烷稀释,转入到分液漏斗中,接着分离有机层。水层进一步用二氯甲烷萃取(两次),合并的有机层用盐水洗涤,在硫酸钠中干燥,浓缩至残余物。将所述残余物吸收到无水二噁烷(20mL)中,接着加热回流2.5小时。冷却至室温后,所述反应用冰冷的2N碳酸钾处理,用二氯甲烷稀释,转入到分液漏斗中,接着分离有机层。所述水层进一步用二氯甲烷(两次)萃取,合并的有机层用水(两次)、盐水洗涤,在硫酸钠中干燥,在减压下浓缩,接着将所述残余物通过硅胶色谱提纯(MeOH:CH2Cl2,3:97),得到黄色油形式的化合物102(110mg,35.7%)。
1HNMR(DMSO-d6)δ 1.42-1.50(m,1H),1.50-1.60(m,2H),1.62-1.71(m,1H),2.09-2.14(m,1H),2.17(s,3H),2.50-2.57(m,1H),2.90-2.96(m,1H),4.05(dd,1H,J=14.1,6.3Hz),4.23(dd,1H,J=14.0,5.1Hz),6.41(d,1H,J=3.0Hz),7.22(dd,1H,J=8.9,1.9Hz),7.42-7.49(m,2H),7.71(d,1H,J=2.0Hz);ESI-MS(m/z,%):293/295(MH+,100%).
(S)-1-((1-甲基吡咯烷-2-基)甲基)-1H-吲哚-5-胺(103):化合物102(106mg,0.362mmol)、三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯(0)(33.1mg,0.0362mmol)和无水四氢呋喃(10mL)加入到装有磁力搅拌棒和冷凝器的干燥氩气吹扫的烧瓶中。加入三-叔丁基膦(146.3mg,222uL,0.0723mmol,10wt%在己烷中)的溶液,接着滴加二(三甲基甲硅烷基)氨基化锂(1.084mL,1.084mmol)的1M四氢呋喃溶液,接着将混合物回流90分钟的期间。所述混合物冷却至室温,然后冷却至0℃,用1M HCl(10mL)淬灭,接着搅拌10分钟。将所述溶液用乙酸乙酯稀释,加入5M NH4OH将pH值调节到9。将所述混合物转入到分液漏斗中,接着收集有机层。所述水层进一步用乙酸乙酯萃取,合并的有机层用盐水洗涤,在硫酸镁中干燥,过滤,浓缩,残余物通过硅胶色谱(MeOH:CH2Cl2,1:9)提纯,得到浅黄色固体形式的化合物103(67mg,80.8%)。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ 1.40-1.70(2 x m,4H),2.08-2.20(m,1H),2.18(s,3H),2.89-2.99(m,1H),3.89(dd,1H,J=14.1,6.9Hz),4.12(dd,1H,J=14.2,5.1Hz),4.46(brs,2H),6.10(d,1H,J=3.0Hz),6.51(dd,1H,J=8.7,2.0Hz),6.66(d,1H,J=2.0Hz),7.12-7.15(m,2H);ESI-MS(m/z,%):230(MH+,100%).
(S)-N-(1-((1-甲基吡咯烷-2-基)甲基)-1H-吲哚-5-基)噻吩-2-甲亚胺酸酰胺(104):将化合物103(65mg,0.283mmol)加入到装有磁力搅拌棒的小的,氩气吹扫过的烧瓶中。将无水乙醇(7mL)和噻吩-2-硫代甲亚胺酸甲酯氢碘酸盐(121.2mg,0.425mmol)加入到所述烧瓶中,反应在氩气中在环境温度下搅拌17小时,此时蒸发溶剂,残余物在H2O和乙酸乙酯之间进行分配,接着加入1M氢氧化钠溶液将pH值调节到9。将所述混合物转入到分液漏斗中,接着收集有机层。所述水层进一步用乙酸乙酯萃取,合并的有机层用盐水洗涤,在硫酸镁中干燥,过滤,浓缩,残余物通过硅胶色谱(MeOH:CH2Cl2,1:9然后2M NH3在MeOH:CH2Cl2中,5:95-1:9)提纯,得到黄色固体形式的化合物104(30mg,31.3%)。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ 1.47-1.76(m,4H),2.16(q,1H,J=8.5Hz),2.25(s,3H),2.50-2.59(m,1H),2.92-3.02(m,1H),3.97(dd,1H,J=14.1,7.1Hz),4.23(dd,1H,J=14.0,4.8Hz),6.23(brs,2H),6.31(d,1H,J=3.0Hz),6.69(d,1H,J=8.3Hz),6.98(s,1H),7.08-7.11(m,1H),7.31(d,1H,J=3.0Hz),7.39(d,1H,J=8.6Hz),7.58(d,1H,J=5.2Hz),7.71(d,1H,J=3.7Hz);ESI-MS(m/z,%):339(MH+,100%);ESI-HRMS元素分析C19H23N4S(MH+):339.1637,实测值:339.1653.
实施例31.制备N-[3-(1-甲基-1,2,3,6-四氢-吡啶-4-基)-1H-吲哚-6-基]-噻吩
-2-甲脒(107)和N-[3-(1-甲基-哌啶-4-基)-1H-吲哚-6-基]-噻吩-2-甲脒(108)
3-(1-甲基-1,2,3,6-四氢-吡啶-4-基)-6-硝基-1H-吲哚(106):在室温下,化合物105(0.5g,3.083mmol)在干燥EtOH(5mL)中的溶液用吡咯烷(0.77mL,9.250mmol)、N-甲基-4-哌啶酮(0.75mL,6.167mmol)处理。将所得溶液回流2天。将反应达到室温,进一步冷却至0℃,接着滤出固体。所述固体用乙醇(2 x 5mL)洗涤,干燥,获得固体形式的化合物106(0.567g,72%)。在220℃分解;
1HNMR(DMSO-d6)δ 2.28(s,3H),2.50-2.58(m,4H),3.00-3.05(m,2H),6.18(s,1H),7.83(s,1H),7.89(dd,1H,J=2.1,9.0Hz),7.97(d,1H,J=9.0Hz),8.31(d,1H,J=2.1Hz),11.88(brs,1H);ESI-MS(m/z,%):258(MH+,100).
N-[3-(1-甲基-1,2,3,6-四氢-吡啶-4-基)-1H-吲哚-6-基]-噻吩-2-甲脒(107)和N-[3-(1-甲基-哌啶-4-基)-1H-吲哚-6-基]-噻吩-2-甲脒(108):化合物106(0.15g,0.582mmol)在干燥MeOH(5mL)中的溶液用阮内-镍(~0.05g)和水合肼(0.18mL,5.829mmol)在室温下处理,接着将所得混合物回流3h。将反应达到室温,通过硅藻土床滤出固体,接着用MeOH:CH2Cl2(1:1,2 x 10mL)洗涤。将合并的有机层蒸发,粗产物用柱色谱提纯(2M NH3在MeOH:CH2Cl2中,1:9),获得游离胺(anime)。
上述胺在干燥EtOH(10mL)中的溶液用噻吩-2-硫代甲亚胺酸甲酯氢碘酸盐(0.33g,1.165mmol)在室温下处理并搅拌24h。蒸发溶剂,产物用乙醚(100mL)析出。将所述固体溶解到饱和NaHCO3溶液:CH2Cl2(40mL,1:1)中。分离有机层,水层用CH2Cl2(2 x 20mL)萃取。合并的CH2Cl2层用盐水(15mL)洗涤,接着干燥(Na2SO4)。蒸发溶剂,粗产物用柱色谱提纯(2M NH3在MeOH:CH2Cl2中,5:95-1:9),获得化合物107(0.085g,50%,经过两步)和108(0.04g,20%,经过两步)。化合物107:泡沫;
1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ 2.28(s,3H),2.50-2.57(m,4H),3.00-3.04(m,2H),6.09(s,1H),6.31(brs,1H),6.59(dd,1H,J=1.2,8.4Hz),6.82(s,1H),7.09(dd,1H,J=3.6,4.9Hz),7.24(d,1H,J=2.1Hz),7.59(d,1H,J=5.1Hz),7.70-7.73(m,2H),10.85(s,1H);ESI-MS(m/z,%):337(MH+,100).化合物108:泡沫;1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ 1.62-1.75(m,2H),1.90-1.94(m,2H),2.02-2.09(m,2H),2.22(s,3H),2.64-2.72(m,1H),2.85-2.89(m,2H),6.31(brs,1H),6.53(dd,1H,J=1.2,8.2Hz),6.79(s,1H),6.94(d,1H,J=1.8Hz),7.09(dd,1H,J=3.6,4.9Hz),7.45(d,1H,J=8.4Hz),7.59(d,1H,J=4.2Hz),7.72(d,1H,J=3.6Hz),10.53(brs,1H);ESI-MS(m/z,%):339(MH+,100).
实施例32.制备N-(3-(1-氮杂双环[2.2.2]辛-2-烯-3-基)-1H-吲哚-6-基)噻吩
-2-甲亚胺酸酰胺(111)
3-(6-硝基-1H-吲哚-3-基)-1-氮杂双环[2.2.2]辛-2-烯(109):化合物105(1.0g,6.167mmol)在甲醇:H2O(20mL,1:1)中的溶液用KOH(1.73g,30.835mmol)处理,接着在室温下用3-奎宁环酮盐酸盐(1.99g,12.334mmol)处理,接着将所得暗褐色混合物回流36h。将反应达到室温,过滤,用甲醇:H2O(3 x 5mL,1:1)洗涤,接着用甲醇(5mL)洗涤。该黄色固体在真空中干燥,获得化合物109(1.4g,84%)。
mp274-276℃;1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ 1.46-1.58(m,2H),1.68-1.76(m,2H),2.52-2.58(m,2H),2.89-2.97(m,2H),3.08-3.12(m,1H),6.89(d,1H,J=1.2Hz),7.91-7.97(m,3H),8.32(d,1H,J=1.2Hz),11.98(s,1H);ESI-MS(m/z,%):270(MH+,100).
3-(1-氮杂双环[2.2.2]辛-2-烯-3-基)-1H-吲哚-6-胺(110):在干燥甲醇(10mL)中的化合物109(0.4g,1.485mmol)用Ra-Ni(~0.05g)和水合肼(0.46mL,1.029mmol)处理。将所得混合物放在一个预加热的油浴中并回流2min(直到黄色消失为止)。将反应达到室温,通过硅藻土床过滤并用甲醇(3 x 10mL)洗涤。蒸发所合并的甲醇层,粗产物用柱色谱提纯(2MNH3在MeOH:CH2Cl2中,1:9),获得泡沫形式的化合物110(0.35g,定量的)。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ1.42-1.54(m,2H),1.62-1.74(m,2H),2.52-2.56(m,2H),2.86-2.94(m,2H),2.98-3.02(m,1H),4.75(s,2H),6.41(dd,1H,J=2.1,8.4Hz),6.53(d,1H,J=1.8Hz),6.69(s,1H),7.16(d,1H,J=2.4Hz),7.35(d,1H,J=8.4Hz),10.57(s,1H);ESI-MS(m/z,%):240(MH+,100).
N-(3-(1-氮杂双环[2.2.2]辛-2-烯-3-基)-1H-吲哚-6-基)噻吩-2-甲亚胺酸酰胺(111):在室温下,将化合物110(0.33g,1.378mmol)在干燥乙醇(15mL)中的溶液用噻吩-2-硫代甲亚胺酸甲酯氢碘酸盐(0.78g,2.757mmol)处理,接着所得棕色混合物搅拌过夜(16h)。蒸发溶剂,粗物质用饱和NaHCO3溶液(25mL)稀释,产物萃取到CH2Cl2(2 x 25mL)中。合并的CH2Cl2层用盐水(20mL)洗涤,接着干燥(Na2SO4)。蒸发溶剂,粗物质用柱色谱提纯(2M NH3在MeOH:CH2Cl2中,1:9),获得固体形式的化合物111(0.42g,81%)。
mp148-150℃;1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ 1.44-1.56(m,2H),1.66-1.78(m,2H),2.52-2.58(m,2H),2.89-2.98(m,2H),3.04-3.10(m,1H),6.29(s,2H),6.61(dd,1H,J=1.8,8.7Hz),6.78(s,1H),6.83(s,1H),7.09(t,1H,J=4.2Hz),7.39(d,1H,J=2.4Hz),7.59(d,1H,J=4.8Hz),7.63(d,1H,J=8.4Hz),7.72(d,1H,J=3.3Hz),10.97(s,1H);ESI-MS(m/z%):349(MH+,95),161(100);ESI-HRMS 元素分析C20H21N4S(MH+),计算值:349.1481;实测值:349.1494.
实施例33.制备N-(3-(喹宁环-3-基)-1H-吲哚-6-基)噻吩-2-甲亚胺酸酰胺
(112)
N-(3-(喹宁环-3-基)-1H-吲哚-6-基)噻吩-2-甲亚胺酸酰胺(112):在干燥乙醇(10mL)中的化合物109(0.4g,1.485mmol)用Pd-C(~0.05g)处理,用氢气吹扫,接着在室温下在氢气气氛(气球压力)中搅拌36h。反应通过硅藻土床过滤,接着用乙醇(2 x 5mL)洗涤。合并的乙醇层用噻吩-2-硫代甲亚胺酸甲酯氢碘酸盐(0.84g,2.970mmol)在室温下处理并搅拌过夜(14h)。蒸发溶剂,粗物质用饱和NaHCO3溶液(25mL)稀释,产物萃取到CH2Cl2(2 x 25mL)中。合并的CH2Cl2层用盐水(20mL)洗涤,接着干燥(Na2SO4)。蒸发溶剂,粗产物用柱色谱提纯(2M NH3在MeOH:CH2Cl2中,1:9),获得固体形式的化合物112(0.4g,77%)。
mp144-146℃;1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ 1.20-1.28(m,1H),1.56-1.74(m,3H),2.62-2.72(m,1H),2.79-2.92(m,3H),3.09-3.34(m,4H),6.30(s,2H),6.53(d,1H,J=8.4Hz),6.79(s,1H),7.07-7.10(m,2H),7.38(d,1H,J=8.4Hz),7.58(d,1H,J=4.5Hz),7.72(d,1H,J=3.0Hz),10.61(s,1H);ESI-MS(m/z,%):351(MH+,38),176(100);ESI-HRMS 元素分析 C20H23N4S(MH+),计算值:351.1637;实测值:351.1637.
实施例34.制备N-(3-(1-甲基吡咯烷-3-基)-1H-吲哚-6-基)噻吩-2-甲亚胺酸
酰胺(117)
N-(1H-吲哚-6-基)苯甲酰胺(114):化合物113(2.0g,15.133mmol)在干燥THF(30mL)中的溶液用Et3N(6.32mL,45.399mmol)处理,接着在0℃下用苯甲酰氯(1.84mL,15.889mmol)处理。将反应在30min期间内达到室温,并搅拌1h。该反应用水(25mL)稀释,产物萃取到乙酸乙酯(2 x 30mL)中。合并的乙酸乙酯层用盐水(20mL)洗涤,干燥(Na2SO4),蒸发溶剂,获得粗产物。该粗产物用乙酸乙酯(25mL)稀释,接着用己烷(150mL)稀释,过滤沉淀,获得固体形式的化合物114(3.55g,99%)。
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ 6.53(t,1H,J=2.4Hz),6.95(dd,1H,J=2.1,8.4Hz),7.21(t,1H,J=2.7Hz),7.48-7.60(m,4H),7.88-7.92(m,3H),8.27(brs,2H);ESI-MS(m/z,%):259(M+Na,80),237(MH+,100).
N-(3-(1-甲基-2,5-二氧代吡咯烷-3-基)-1H-吲哚-6-基)苯甲酰胺(115):化合物114(3.5g,14.813mmol)和N-甲基马来酰亚胺(4.07g,37.033mmol)在冰乙酸(100mL)中回流56h。将反应达到室温,接着蒸发乙酸。将所述粗固体吸收到乙酸乙酯(100mL)中,用饱和NaHCO3溶液(3 x 20mL)、盐水(20mL)洗涤,接着干燥(Na2SO4)。蒸发溶剂,粗产物用柱色谱提纯(EtOAc:己烷,1:3-1:1),获得泡沫形式的化合物115(2.32g,45%)。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ 2.80(dd,1H,J=5.1,18.0Hz),2.92(s,3H),3.23(dd,1H,J=9.3,18.0Hz),4.34(dd,1H,J=5.1,9.3Hz),7.26-7.36(m,2H),7.45-7.60(m,4H),7.95-7.98(m,2H),8.07(s,1H),10.17(s,1H),11.02(s,1H);ESI-MS(m/z,%)370(M+Na,100),348(MH+,58).
N-苄基-3-(1-甲基吡咯烷-3-基)-1H-吲哚-6-胺(116):在45min期间内,在0℃下,化合物115(2.28g,6.563mmol)在干燥THF(30mL)中的溶液用LiAlH4(2.49g,65.636mmol)分批处理。将反应达到室温,接着搅拌48h。用硫酸钠十水合物(8.0g),接着在0℃下小心加入水(9mL)淬灭反应,接着在室温下搅拌30min。该反应用乙酸乙酯(50mL)稀释,过滤,用乙酸乙酯(2 x 50mL)洗涤。蒸发所合并的乙酸乙酯层,粗产物用柱色谱提纯(2M NH3在MeOH:CH2Cl2中,5:95-1:9),获得泡沫形式的化合物116(0.44g,22%)。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ 1.76-1.87(m,1H),2.11-2.23(m,1H),2.27(s,3H),2.36(t,1H,J=8.4Hz),2.42-2.48(m,1H),2.64-2.71(m,1H),2.90(t,1H,J=8.1Hz),3.37-3.45(m,1H),4.26(d,2H,J=5.7Hz),5.88(t,1H,J=6.0Hz),6.34(d,1H,J=0.9Hz),6.45(dd,1H,J=1.8,8.4Hz),6.72(d,1H,J=1.2Hz),7.17-7.38(m,6H),10.11(s,1H);ESI-MS(m/z,%)306(MH+,100);ESI-HRMS 元素分析C20H24N3(MH+),计算值:306.1964,实测值:306.1967.
N-(3-(1-甲基吡咯烷-3-基)-1H-吲哚-6-基)噻吩-2-甲亚胺酸酰胺(117):在室温下,化合物116(0.42g,1.375mmol)在绝对乙醇(5mL)中的溶液用20%Pd(OH)2/碳(0.5g)处理,然后用氢气吹扫,接着在氢气气氛下搅拌(气球压力)48h。反应通过硅藻土床过滤,接着用乙醇(2 x 5mL)洗涤。合并的乙醇层用噻吩-2-硫代甲亚胺酸甲酯氢碘酸盐(0.78g,2.750mmol)在室温下处理并搅拌48h。该反应用饱和NaHCO3溶液(30mL)碱化,产物萃取到CH2Cl2(2 x 25mL)中。合并的CH2Cl2层用盐水(15mL)洗涤,接着干燥(Na2SO4)。蒸发溶剂,粗产物用柱色谱提纯(2M NH3在MeOH:CH2Cl2中,1:9),获得固体形式的化合物117(0.285g,64%)。
mp89-91℃;1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ 1.86-1.95(m,1H),2.18-2.27(m,1H),2.45-2.59(m,2H),2.68-2.76(m,1H),2.96(t,1H,J=8.1Hz),3.45-3.56(m,1H),6.29(brs,2H),6.54(dd,1H,J=1.2,8.1Hz),6.78(s,1H),6.99(d,1H,J=1.8Hz),7.09(t,1H,J=4.2Hz),7.49(d,1H,J=8.1Hz),7.58(d,1H,J=4.8Hz),7.71(d,1H,J=3.6Hz),10.51(s,1H);ESI-MS(m/z,%)325(MH+,38),282(31),163(100);ESI-HRMS 元素分析 C18H21N4S(MH+),计算值:325.1481;实测值:325.1495.
实施例35.制备N-(3-(4-(甲基氨基)环己基)-1H-吲哚-6-基)噻吩-2-甲亚胺
酸酰胺(123)
6-硝基-3-(1,4-二氧杂螺[4.5]癸-7-烯-8-基)-1H-吲哚(118):在室温下,化合物105(2.0g,12.334mmol)在干燥MeOH(30mL)中的溶液用KOH(1.68g)处理。搅拌10min.后,加入1,4-环己烷二酮单亚甲基缩醛(4.8g,30.835mmol),接着将所得溶液回流24h。将反应达到室温,接着蒸发溶剂。粗产物用水(150mL)稀释,沉淀过滤并用水(2 x 15mL)洗涤。所述固体用甲醇(15mL)处理,滤出并用甲醇(2 x 10mL)洗涤。该固体在真空中干燥,获得化合物118(3.41g,92%)。
mp259-261℃;1H NMR(CDCl3)δ 1.84(t,2H,J=6.0Hz),2.42-2.61(m,4H),3.93(s,4H),6.08(brs,1H),7.84-7.96(m,3H),8.31(s,1H),11.87(s,1H);ESI-MS(m/z,%)323(M+Na,100),301(MH+,92).
4-(6-硝基-1H-吲哚-3-基)环己-3-烯酮(119):在室温下,化合物118(3.9g,12.986mmol)在丙酮(50mL)中的溶液用10%aq.HCl(50mL)处理并搅拌过夜(14h)。蒸除溶剂,粗产物用10%含水NH4OH溶液(100mL)碱化。滤出所述固体,用10%NH4OH溶液(20mL)、水(2 x 15mL)洗涤,在真空中干燥,获得黄色固体形式的化合物119(2.81g,85%)。
mp175-177℃;1HNMR(DMSO-d6)δ 2.58(t,2H,J=6.9Hz),2.90(t,2H,J=6.9Hz),3.04-3.10(m,2H),6.24(t,1H,J=3.9Hz),7.90-8.01(m,3H),8.33(d,1H,J=2.1Hz),11.95(s,1H);ESI-MS(m/z,%):279(M+Na,100),257(MH+,33).
N-甲基-4-(6-硝基-1H-吲哚-3-基)环己-3-烯胺(120):在室温下,化合物119(0.5g,1.951mmol)在1,2-二氯乙烷(10mL)中的溶液用AcOH(0.11mL,1.951mmol)、甲胺盐酸盐(0.13g,1.951mmol)、NaBH(OAc)3(0.62g,2.926mmol)处理并搅拌过夜(16h)。将反应用2N NaOH(25mL)碱化,产物萃取到乙酸乙酯中(2 x 25mL)。合并的乙酸乙酯层用盐水(15mL)洗涤,接着干燥(Na2SO4)。蒸发溶剂,粗产物用柱色谱提纯(2M NH3在MeOH:CH2Cl2中,1:9),获得固体形式的化合物120(0.47g,89%)。
mp170-172℃;1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ 1.37-1.50(m,1H),1.90-1.99(m,2H),2.33(s,3H),2.43-2.64(m,4H),6.14(brs,1H),7.80(s,1H),7.86-7.96(m,2H),8.30(d,1H,J=2.1Hz);ESI-MS(m/z,%):272(MH+,100),241(43).
甲基(4-(6-硝基-1H-吲哚-3-基)环己-3-烯基)氨基甲酸叔丁酯(121):化合物120(0.45g,1.658mmol)在干燥1,4-二噁烷(10mL)中的溶液用Et3N(0.46mL,3.317mmol)处理,接着在室温下用(Boc)2O(0.38g,1.741mmol)处理,所得溶液搅拌过夜(16h)。蒸发溶剂,粗产物用柱色谱提纯(EtOAc:己烷,1:1),获得固体形式的化合物121(0.44g,71%)。
mp229-231℃;1HNMR(DMSO-d6)δ 1.41(s,9H),1.78-1.90(m,2H),2.22-2.42(m,2H),2.56-2.62(m,2H),2.73(s,3H),4.08-4.16(m,1H),6.18(brs,1H),7.83(s,1H),7.88-7.98(m,2H),8.31(d,1H,J=2.1Hz),11.87(s,1H);ESI-MS(m/z,%):394(M+Na,57),372(MH+,12),316(87),272(54),241(100),163(64).
甲基(4-(6-(噻吩-2-甲亚胺酸酰氨基(carboximidamido))-1H-吲哚-3-基)环己基)氨基甲酸叔丁酯(122):化合物121(0.2g,0.538mmol)在2MNH3在MeOH(5mL)中的溶液用Pd-C(0.02g)处理,接着用氢气冲洗。该反应在室温下在氢气气氛(气球压力)下搅拌过夜(16h)。所述溶液用硅藻土床过滤,接着用甲醇(2 x 15mL)洗涤。蒸发溶剂,获得泡沫形式的粗胺(0.18g,98%)。
上述粗胺在干燥乙醇(5mL)中的溶液用噻吩-2-硫代甲亚胺酸甲酯氢碘酸盐(0.30g,1.076mmol)在室温下处理并搅拌24h。蒸发溶剂,粗物质用饱和NaHCO3溶液(25mL)稀释,产物萃取到CH2Cl2(2 x 20mL)中。合并的CH2Cl2层用盐水(15mL)洗涤,接着干燥(Na2SO4)。蒸发溶剂,粗产物用柱色谱提纯(2M NH3在MeOH:CH2Cl2中,5:95),获得固体形式的化合物122(0.185g,76%),以1:2比例的非对映异构体。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ 1.39,1.41(2s,9H),1.52-1.84(m,6H),2.06-2.19(m,2H),2.62,2.72(2s,3H),3.25-3.29(m,1H),3.80-3.90(m,1H),6.35(brs,2H),6.55(d,1H,J=8.4Hz),6.80,6.82(2s,1H),6.94-7.14(m,2H),7.45(t,1H,J=10.2Hz),7.60(d,1H,J=5.1Hz),7.72(d,1H,J=3.6Hz),10.52,10.57(2s,1H);ESI-MS(m/z,%):453(MH+,100).
N-(3-(4-(甲基氨基)环己基)-1H-吲哚-6-基)噻吩-2-甲亚胺酸酰胺的二盐酸盐(123):在室温下,化合物122(0.155g,0.342mmol)用1N HCl溶液(20mL)处理,接着所得溶液回流2h。将该反应达到室温,过滤并用水(2 x 5mL)洗涤。蒸发溶剂,粗物质用乙醇/醚重结晶,获得固体形式的化合物123(0.12g,83%),为1:2比例的非对映异构体。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ 1.53-1.65(m,2H),1.76-2.20(m,6H),2.54,2.55(2s,3H),2.70-2.86(m,1H),3.02-3.20(m,1H),7.00(d,1H,J=8.1Hz),7.25-7.43(m,3H),7.76(d,1H,J=8.4Hz),8.17(s,2H),8.69(s,1H),9.10-9.20(m,2H),9.69(s,1H),11.22,11.26(2s,1H),11.49(s,1H);ESI-MS(m/z,%):353(MH+,12),322(100),119(38);ESI-HRMS 元素分析 C20H25N4S(MH+对于游离碱),计算值:353.1806;实测值:353.1794.
实施例36.制备N-(3-(4-(甲基氨基)环己-1-烯基)-1H-吲哚-6-基)噻吩-2-甲
亚胺酸酰胺(125)
甲基(4-(6-(噻吩-2-甲亚胺酸酰氨基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)环己-3-烯基)氨基甲酸叔丁酯(124):化合物121(0.2g,0.538mmol)在干燥MeOH(3mL)中的溶液用水合肼(0.16mL,5.384mmol)、Ra-Ni(~0.02g)处理,所得溶液在预加热油浴中回流2min。将反应达到室温,用硅藻土床滤出,接着用MeOH:CH2Cl2(2 x 15mL,1:1)洗涤。蒸发溶剂,粗产物用柱色谱提纯(2M NH3在MeOH:CH2Cl2中,5:95),获得固体形式的游离胺(0.18g,98%)。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ 1.41(s,9H),1.72-1.84(m,2H),2.16-2.34(m,2H),2.54-2.59(m,2H),2.72(s,3H),4.00-4.16(m,1H),4.82(s,2H),6.03(brs,1H),6.40(dd,1H,J=1.8,8.5Hz),6.53(d,1H,J=1.8Hz),7.01(d,1H,J=2.1Hz),7.44(d,1H,J=8.4Hz),10.46(s,1H);ESI-MS(m/z,%)364(M+Na,11),342(MH+,6),286(100),211(32).
在室温下,将上面游离胺(0.17g,0.497mmol)在干燥乙醇(5mL)中的溶液用噻吩-2-硫代甲亚胺酸甲酯氢碘酸盐(0.28g,0.995mmol)处理,并搅拌24h。蒸发溶剂,粗物质用饱和NaHCO3溶液(20mL)稀释,产物萃取到CH2Cl2(2 x 20mL)中。合并的CH2Cl2层用盐水(20mL)洗涤,接着干燥(Na2SO4)。蒸发溶剂,粗产物用柱色谱提纯(2M NH3在MeOH:CH2Cl2中,5:95),获得固体形式的化合物124(0.17g,70%)。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ 1.42(s,9H),1.74-1.90(m,2H),2.18-2,40(m,2H),2.52-2.60(m,2H),2.73(s,3H),4.05-4.20(m,1H),6.11(s,1H),6.31(s,2H),6.60(d,1H,J=8.1Hz),6.82(s,1H),7.09(dd,1H,J=3.9,4.9Hz),7.23(d,1H,J=2.1Hz),7.59(d,1H,J=5.4Hz),7.69-7.74(m,2H),10.84(s,1H);ESI-MS(m/z,%)451(MH+,100).
N-(3-(4-(甲基氨基)环己-1-烯基)-1H-吲哚-6-基)噻吩-2-甲亚胺酸酰胺(125):在0℃下,化合物124(0.14g,0.310mmol)在CH2Cl2(5mL)中的溶液用在CH2Cl2(5mL)中的40%TFA处理,接着所得溶液在相同温度下搅拌3h。蒸发溶剂,粗物质用10%冷NH4OH溶液(25mL)稀释,滤出析出的固体。干燥粗产物,粗产物用柱色谱提纯(2M NH3在MeOH:CH2Cl2中,1:9),获得固体形式的化合物125(0.095g,88%)。
1HNMR(DMSO-d6)δ 1.36-1.48(m,1H),1.90-1.98(m,2H),2.34(s,3H),2.38-2.64(m,4H),6.07(brs,1H),6.30(brs,2H),6.58(dd,1H,J=1.2,8.4Hz),6.81(s,1H),7.09(t,1H,J=4.2Hz),7.20(d,1H,J=2.1Hz),7.59(d,1H,J=5.1Hz),7.68-7.72(m,2H),10.79(s,1H);ESI-MS(m/z,%)351(MH+,100),119(91);ESI-HRMS元素分析 C20H23N4S(MH+);计算值:351.1637;实测值:351.1638.
实施例37.制备N-(3-(4-(甲基氨基)环己基)-1H-吲哚-6-基)噻吩-2-甲亚胺
酸酰胺(129)
N-甲基-4-(6-硝基-1H-吲哚-3-基)环己-3-烯胺(126):在室温下,化合物119(0.5g,1.951mmol)在1,2-二氯乙烷(10mL)中的溶液用AcOH(0.11mL,1.951mmol)、盐酸乙胺(0.159g,1.951mmol)、NaBH(OAc)3(0.62g,2.926mmol)处理并搅拌过夜(16h)。将反应用2N NaOH(25mL)碱化,产物萃取到乙酸乙酯中(2 x 25mL)。合并的乙酸乙酯层用盐水(15mL)洗涤,接着干燥(Na2SO4)。蒸发溶剂,粗产物用柱色谱提纯(2M NH3在MeOH:CH2Cl2中,1:9),获得半固体形式的化合物126(0.55g,99%)。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ 1.07(t,3H,J=7.2Hz),1.47-1.58(m,1H),1.99-2.08(m,2H),2.42-2.59(m,3H),2.67-2.73(m,2H),2.82-2.90(m,1H),6.14(brs,1H),7.81(s,1H),7.86-7.97(m,2H),8.31(d,1H,J=2.1Hz);ESI-MS(m/z,%):286(MH+,100),241(33).
甲基(4-(6-硝基-1H-吲哚-3-基)环己-3-烯基)氨基甲酸叔丁酯(127):化合物126(0.53g,1.857mmol)在干燥1,4-二噁烷(10mL)中的溶液用Et3N(0.51mL,3.714mmol)处理,接着在室温下用(Boc)2O(0.42g,1.950mmol)处理,所得溶液搅拌过夜(16h)。蒸发溶剂,粗产物用柱色谱提纯(EtOAc:己烷,1:1),获得固体形式的化合物127(0.6g,84%)。
mp208-210℃;1HNMR(DMSO-d6)δ 1.09(t,3H,J=6.9Hz),1.42(s,9H),1.80-1.96(m,2H),2.26-2.40(m,2H),2.56-2.64(m,2H),3.12-3.20(m,2H),4.00-4.10(m,1H),6.17(brs,1H),7.82(s,1H),7.90-7.97(m,2H),8.31(d,1H,J=1.8Hz),11.87(s,1H);ESI-MS(m/z,%):408(M+Na,88),330(100),328(39),286(73).
甲基(4-(6-(噻吩-2-甲亚胺酸酰氨基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)环己基)氨基甲酸叔丁酯(128):化合物127(0.2g,0.518mmol)在2M NH3在MeOH(5mL)中的溶液用Pd-C(0.02g)处理,接着用氢气冲洗。该反应在室温下在氢气气氛(气球压力)下搅拌过夜(16h)。所述溶液用硅藻土床过滤,接着用甲醇(2 x 15mL)洗涤。蒸发溶剂,获得泡沫形式的粗胺(0.18g,97%)。
上述粗胺在干燥乙醇(5mL)中的溶液用噻吩-2-硫代甲亚胺酸甲酯氢碘酸盐(0.29g,1.037mmol)在室温下处理并搅拌24h。蒸发溶剂,粗物质用饱和NaHCO3溶液(25mL)稀释,产物萃取到CH2Cl2(2 x 20mL)中。合并的CH2Cl2层用盐水(15mL)洗涤,接着干燥(Na2SO4)。蒸发溶剂,粗产物用柱色谱提纯(2M NH3在MeOH:CH2Cl2中,5:95),获得固体形式的化合物128(0.16g,66%),以1:1比例的非对映异构体。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ 1.00,1.08(2t,3H,J=6.9Hz),1.38-1.59(m,11H),1.70-1.87(m,4H),2.07(d,1H,J=11.1Hz),2.17(d,1H,J=10.8Hz),2.66-2.76(m,1H),3.00-3.17(m,2H),3.70-3.80(m,1H),6.34(brs,2H),6.55(d,1H,J=8.4Hz),6.81(d,1H,J=6.6Hz),6.93,7.14(2s,1H),7.09(t,1H,J=4.2Hz),7.44(dd,1H,J=8.4,11.5Hz),7.60(d,1H,J=5.1Hz),7.72(d,1H,J=3.3Hz),10.52,10.56(2s,1H);ESI-MS(m/z,%):467(MH+,100).
N-(3-(4-(甲基氨基)环己基)-1H-吲哚-6-基)噻吩-2-甲亚胺酸酰胺的二盐酸盐(129):在室温下,化合物128(0.115g,0.246mmol)用1N HCl溶液(20mL)处理,接着所得溶液回流2h。将该反应达到室温,过滤并用水(2 x 5mL)洗涤。蒸发溶剂,粗物质用乙醇/醚重结晶,获得固体形式的化合物129(0.08g,74%),为1:1比例的非对映异构体。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ 1.23-1.29(m,3H),1.52-1.66(m,2H),1.80-1.92(m,4H),2.00-2.20(m,2H),2.79-3.24(m,4H),7.00(d,1H,J=8.1Hz),7.25-7.43(m,3H),7.76(t,1H,J=7.5Hz),8.17(d,2H,J=4.2Hz),8.70(s,1H),8.91(s,1H),9.01(s,1H),9.68(s,1H),11.21,11.27(2s,1H),11.47(s,1H);ESI-MS(m/z,%):367(MH+,12),322(100),119(38);ESI-HRMS 元素分析 C21H27N4S(MH+对于游离碱),计算值:367.1968;实测值:367.1950.
实施例38.制备-(3-(4-(乙基氨基)环己-1-烯基)-1H-吲哚-6-基)噻吩-2-甲亚
胺酸酰胺(132)
4-(6-氨基-1H-吲哚-3-基)环己-3-烯基(乙基)氨基甲酸叔丁酯(130):在室温下,化合物127(0.2g,0.518mmol)在干燥MeOH(3mL)中的溶液用Ra-Ni(0.02g)处理,接着用水合肼(0.16mL,5.188mmol)处理。将反应放在一个预加热的油浴中并回流2min。将反应达到室温,通过硅藻土床过滤并用甲醇(2 x 15mL)洗涤。蒸发溶剂,粗产物用柱色谱提纯(2MNH3在MeOH:CH2Cl2中,2.5:97.5),获得泡沫形式的化合物130。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ 1.08(t,3H,J=6.9Hz),1.41(s,9H),1.72-1.89(m,2H),2.18-2.60(m,4H),3.10-3.20(m,2H),4.01(brs,1H),4.71(s,2H),6.02(brs,1H),6.39(dd,1H,J=1.5,8.5Hz),6.51(d,1H,J=1.8Hz),6.99(d,1H,J=2.1Hz),7.43(d,1H,J=8.4Hz),10.44(s,1H);ESI-MS(m/z,%):378(M+Na,8),356(MH+,4),300(100).
乙基(4-(6-(噻吩-2-甲亚胺酸酰氨基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)环己-3-烯基)氨基甲酸叔丁酯(131):上述化合物130在干燥EtOH(5mL)中的溶液用噻吩-2-硫代甲亚胺酸甲酯氢碘酸盐(0.29g,1.037mmol)在室温下处理并搅拌24h。蒸发溶剂,粗物质用饱和NaHCO3溶液(20mL)稀释,产物萃取到CH2Cl2(2 x 20mL)中。合并的CH2Cl2层用盐水(15mL)洗涤,接着干燥(Na2SO4)。蒸发溶剂,粗产物用柱色谱提纯(2M NH3在MeOH:CH2Cl2中,5:95),获得黄色固体形式的化合物131(0.18g,75%,经过两步)。
mp110-112℃;1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ 1.09(t,3H,J=6.6Hz),1.42(s,9H),1.82-1.93(m,2H),2.22-2.64(m,4H),3.12-3.18(m,2H),4.06(brs,1H),6.10(s,1H),6.32(s,2H),6.60(d,1H,J=8.4Hz),6.82(s,1H),7.09(t,1H,J=4.5Hz),7.23(s,1H),7.59(d,1H,J=4.8Hz),7.68-7.73(m,2H),10.84(s,1H);ESI-MS(m/z,%)465(MH+,100).
N-(3-(4-(乙基氨基)环己-1-烯基)-1H-吲哚-6-基)噻吩-2-甲亚胺酸酰胺(132):在0℃下,化合物131(0.08g,0.172mmol)的溶液用在CH2Cl2(10mL)中的20%TFA处理,接着在相同的温度下继续搅拌2h。蒸发溶剂,粗物质用10%含水NH4OH(25mL)稀释,产物萃取到CH2Cl2(2×20mL)中。合并的CH2Cl2层用盐水(15mL)洗涤,接着干燥(Na2SO4)。蒸发溶剂,粗产物用柱色谱提纯(2M NH3在MeOH:CH2Cl2中,1:9),获得固体形式的化合物132(0.055g,89%)。化合物用反相柱色谱(CH3CN:pH10.6缓冲液,20:80-55:45)在biotage上重提纯,获得纯的产物。
mp95-97℃;1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ1.04(t,3H,J=7.2Hz),1.38-1.49(m,1H),1.91-1.99(m,2H),2.40-2.48(m,2H),2.56-2.80(m,4H),6.07(s,1H),6.30(s,2H),6.59(d,1H,J=8.4Hz),6.81(s,1H),7.09(t,1H,J=4.5Hz),7.20(d,1H,J=2.1Hz),7.59(d,1H,J=5.1Hz),7.68-7.72(m,2H),10.80(s,1H);ESI-MS(m/z,%)365(MH+,7),160(50),119(100);ESI-HRMS 元素分析 C21H25N4S(MH+),计算值:365.1794;实测值:365.1801.
实施例39.制备N-(3-((1s,4s)-4-(丙基氨基)环己基)-1H-吲哚-6-基)噻吩-2-
甲亚胺酸酰胺(137)和N-(3-((1r,4r)-4-(丙基氨基)环己基)-1H-吲哚-6-基)
噻吩-2-甲亚胺酸酰胺(138)
4-(6-硝基-1H-吲哚-3-基)-N-丙基环己-3-烯胺(133):在室温下,化合物119(0.75g,2.926mmol)在1,2-二氯乙烷(20ml)中的溶液用AcOH(0.16mL,2.926mmol)、正丙胺(0.24g,2.926mmol)、NaBH(OAc)3(0.93g,4.390mmol)处理并搅拌过夜(16h)。将反应用2N NaOH(25mL)碱化,产物萃取到乙酸乙酯中(3 x 50mL)。合并的乙酸乙酯层用盐水(20mL)洗涤,接着干燥(Na2SO4)。蒸发溶剂,粗产物用柱色谱提纯(2M NH3在MeOH:CH2Cl2中,1:9),获得褐色半固体形式的化合物133(0.58g,66%)。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ 0.89(t,3H,J=7.2Hz),1.37-1.51(m,4H),1.91-2.00(m,2H),2.44-2.57(m,4H),2.68-2.76(m,1H),6.14(s,1H),7.80(s,1H),7.86-7.97(m,2H),8.30(d,1H,J=2.1Hz),11.82(brs,1H);ESI-MS(m/z,%)300(MH+,100).
4-(6-硝基-1H-吲哚-3-基)环己-3-烯基(丙基)氨基甲酸叔丁酯(134):在室温下,化合物133(0.56g,1.870mmol)在干燥1,4-二噁烷(20ml)中的溶液用Et3N(0.52mL,3.741mmol)处理,接着用(Boc)2O(0.42g,1.964mmol)处理,所得溶液搅拌过夜(16h)。蒸发溶剂,粗产物用柱色谱提纯(EtOAc:己烷,1:1),获得固体形式的化合物134(0.67g,90%)。
mp214-216℃;1HNMR(DMSO-d6)δ 0.84(t,3H,J=7.2Hz),1.41(s,9H),1.47-1.54(m,2H),1.76-2.01(m,2H),2.25-2.64(m,4H),3.06(t,2H,J=6.9Hz),3.89-4.06(m,1H),6.17(brs,1H),7.82(d,1H,J=2.7Hz),7.89(dd,1H,J=2.4,9.0Hz),7.96(d,1H,J=9.0Hz),8.31(d,1H,J=2.1Hz),11.86(s,1H);ESI-MS(m/z,%)422(M+Na,23),359(100),352(48).
丙基((1s,4s)-4-(6-(噻吩-2-甲亚胺酸酰氨基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)环己基)氨基甲酸叔丁酯(135)和丙基((1r,4r)-4-(6-(噻吩-2-甲亚胺酸酰氨基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)环己基)氨基甲酸叔丁酯(136):化合物134(0.2g,0.500mmol)在2M NH3在MeOH(5mL)中的溶液用Pd-C(0.02g)处理,接着用氢气冲洗。该反应在室温下在氢气气氛(气球压力)下搅拌过夜(14h)。所述溶液用硅藻土床过滤,接着用甲醇:CH2Cl2(2 x 15mL,1:1)洗涤。蒸发合并的溶剂,获得非对映异构体混合物形式的粗胺。
上述粗胺在干燥乙醇(10mL)中的溶液用噻吩-2-硫代甲亚胺酸甲酯氢碘酸盐(0.28g,0.995mmol)在室温下处理并搅拌过夜(16h)。蒸发溶剂,粗物质用饱和NaHCO3溶液(20mL)稀释,产物萃取到CH2Cl2(2 x 20mL)中。合并的CH2Cl2层用盐水(20mL)洗涤,接着干燥(Na2SO4)。蒸发溶剂,粗产物用柱色谱提纯(2M NH3在MeOH:CH2Cl2中,5:95),获得部分可分离的非对映异构体的混合物形式的化合物135和136(0.19g,79%,经过两步)。较快异构体(135):
0.05g,固体,mp127-129℃;1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ 0.78(t,3H,J=7.2Hz),1.37(s,9H),1.41-1.43(m,4H),1.71-1.87(m,4H),2.12-2.22(m,2H),2.96(t,2H,J=7.5Hz),3.20-3.28(m,1H),3.62-3.72(m,1H),6.56(brs,1H),6.59(d,1H,J=8.1Hz),6.86(s,1H),7.12(t,1H,J=4.2Hz),7.17(s,1H),7.44(d,1H,J=8.4Hz),7.64(d,1H,J=4.8Hz),7.75(d,1H,J=3.3Hz),10.61(s,1H);ESI-MS(m/z,%)481(MH+,100);较慢异构体 (136):0.04g,固体,mp78-80℃;1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ 0.85(t,3H,J=7.5Hz),1.41(s,9H),1.46-1.59(m,4H),1.70-1.76(m,4H),2.06(d,2H,J=12.0Hz),2.67-2.74(m,1H),3.05(brs,2H),3.62-3.78(m,1H),6.32(brs,2H),6.54(dd,1H,J=0.9,8.2Hz),6.79(s,1H),6.93(d,1H,J=1.5Hz),7.09(t,1H,J=4.5Hz),7.46(d,1H,J=8.4Hz),7.59(d,1H,J=5.1Hz),7.72(d,1H,J=3.3Hz),10.51(s,1H);ESI-MS(m/z,%)481(MH+,100).
N-(3-((1s,4s)-4-(丙基氨基)环己基)-1H-吲哚-6-基)噻吩-2-甲亚胺酸酰胺的二盐酸盐(137):在室温下,化合物135(0.033g,0.068mmol)用1N HCl溶液(20mL)处理,接着所得溶液回流2h。将该反应达到室温,过滤并用水(2 x 5mL)洗涤。蒸发溶剂,粗物质用乙醇/醚重结晶,获得固体形式的化合物137(0.027g,87%)。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ 0.93(t,3H,J=7.5Hz),1.67-1.75(m,2H),1.80-1.92(m,6H),2.00-2.08(m,2H),2.80-2.90(m,2H),3.08-3.14(m,1H),3.22-3.26(m,1H),7.00(d,1H,J=8.1Hz),7.37-7.43(m,3H),7.74(d,1H,J=8.4Hz),8.15(s,2H),8.70(s,1H),8.83(brs,2H),9.68(s,1H),11.26(s,1H),11.45(s,1H);EI-MS(m/z,%)380(M+,游离碱,100),267(47),158(52);EI-HRMS 元素分析 C22H28N4S(M+,游离碱),计算值:380.203469;实测值:380.203595.
N-(3-((1r,4r)-4-(丙基氨基)环己基)-1H-吲哚-6-基)噻吩-2-甲亚胺酸酰胺(138):在0℃下,化合物136(0.03g,0.062mmol)用在CH2Cl2(5mL)中的25%TFA处理,接着所得溶液在相同温度下搅拌2h。蒸发溶剂,粗物质用2N NaOH溶液(20mL)稀释,产物萃取到CH2Cl2(2 x 20mL)中。合并的CH2Cl2层用盐水(10mL)洗涤,接着干燥(Na2SO4)。蒸发溶剂,粗产物用柱色谱提纯(2M NH3在MeOH:CH2Cl2中,5:95),获得固体形式的化合物138(0.021g,91%)。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ 0.88(t,3H,J=7.5Hz),1.12-1.24(m,3H),1.33-1.54(m,5H),1.96-2.10(m,4H),2.38-2.46(m,2H),2.62-2.72(m,1H),6.26(s,2H),6.52(dd,1H,J=1.8,8.2Hz),6.77(s,1H),6.91(d,1H,J=1.5Hz),7.09(dd,1H,J=3.9,4.9Hz),7.45(d,1H,J=8.1Hz),7.58(d,1H,J=5.1Hz),7.71(d,1H,J=3.6Hz),10.47(s,1H);ESI-MS(m/z,%):381(MH+,74),322(100),191(35),119(44);ESI-HRMS 元素分析C22H29N4S(MH+),计算值:381.2107;实测值:381.2105.
实施例40.制备N-(3-(4-(异丙氨基)环己-1-烯基)-1H-吲哚-6-基)噻吩-2-甲
亚胺酸酰胺(142)
N-异丙基-4-(6-硝基-1H-吲哚-3-基)环己-3-烯胺(139):在室温下,化合物119(0.75g,2.926mmol)在1,2-二氯乙烷(20ml)中的溶液用AcOH(0.16mL,2.926mmol)、异丙胺(0.25mL,2.926mmol)、NaBH(OAc)3(0.93g,4.390mmol)处理并搅拌过夜(16h)。将反应用2NNaOH(25mL)碱化,产物萃取到乙酸乙酯中(3 x 50mL)。合并的乙酸乙酯层用盐水(20mL)洗涤,接着干燥(Na2SO4)。蒸发溶剂,粗产物用柱色谱提纯(2M NH3在MeOH:CH2Cl2中,1:9),获得半固体形式的化合物139(0.636g,73%)。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ 0.99(d,6H,J=6.0Hz),1.36-1.47(m,1H),1.89-1.97(m,2H),2.45-2.56(m,2H),2.81-2.89(m,1H),2.91-2.99(m,1H),3.16(brs,1H),6.14(brs,1H),7.80(s,1H),7.88(dd,1H,J=2.1,9.0Hz),7.95(d,1H,J=9.0Hz),8.30(d,1H,J=2.1Hz),11.83(brs,1H);ESI-MS(m/z,%)300(MH+,100),241(35).
异丙基(4-(6-硝基-1H-吲哚-3-基)环己-3-烯基)氨基甲酸叔丁酯(140):在室温下,化合物139(0.615g,2.054mmol)在干燥1,4-二噁烷(20ml)中的溶液用Et3N(0.57mL,4.108mmol)处理,接着用(Boc)2O(0.47g,2.157mmol)处理,所得溶液搅拌4天。蒸发溶剂,粗产物用柱色谱提纯(EtOAc:己烷,1:1),获得固体形式的化合物140(0.55g,67%),其含有少量二-Boc保护的化合物。
异丙基(4-(6-(噻吩-2-甲亚胺酸酰氨基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)环己-3-烯基)氨基甲酸叔丁酯(141):化合物140(0.34g,0.851mmol)在2M NH3在MeOH(15mL)中的溶液用Pd-C(0.05g)处理,接着用氢气冲洗。该反应在室温下在氢气气氛(气球压力)下搅拌过夜(16h)。所述溶液用硅藻土床过滤,接着用甲醇(2 x 15mL)洗涤。蒸发溶剂,获得泡沫形式的粗胺。
上述粗胺在干燥乙醇(15mL)中的溶液用噻吩-2-硫代甲亚胺酸甲酯氢碘酸盐(0.48g,1.702mmol)在室温下处理并搅拌24h。蒸发溶剂,粗物质用饱和NaHCO3溶液(25mL)稀释,产物萃取到CH2Cl2(2 x 20mL)中。合并的CH2Cl2层用盐水(15mL)洗涤,接着干燥(Na2SO4)。蒸发溶剂,粗产物用柱色谱提纯(2M NH3在MeOH:CH2Cl2中,5:95),获得固体形式的化合物141(0.22g,55%),其含有少量二-Boc保护的化合物作为非对映异构体的混合物。
N-(3-(4-(异丙氨基)环己-1-烯基)-1H-吲哚-6-基)噻吩-2-甲亚胺酸酰胺(142):在室温下,化合物141(0.2g,0.416mmol)用1N HCl溶液(20mL)处理,接着所得溶液回流2h。将该反应达到室温,过滤并用水(2 x 5mL)洗涤。蒸发溶剂,获得泡沫形式的化合物142的二盐酸盐(0.13g,69%)。所述产物进一步用反相柱色谱提纯(CH3CN:pH10.6缓冲液,1:4-1:1),获得化合物142,为2:3比例的非对映异构体的混合物。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ 0.91-1.00(m,6H),1.05-1.23(m,2H),1.44-1.70(m,4H),1.81-2.00(m,3H),2.62-2.72(m,1H),2.78-2.95(m,2H),6.26(s,2H),6.52(d,1H,J=8.1Hz),6.77(s,1H),6.93(d,1H,J=12.9Hz),7.09(t,1H,J=4.5Hz),7.45(d,1H,J=8.4Hz),7.58(d,1H,J=5.1Hz),7.71(d,1H,J=3.0Hz),10.47(s,1H);ESI-MS(m/z,%)381(MH+,46),339(36),322(100),119(56);ESI-HRMS 元素分析 C22H29N4S(MH+),计算值:381.2107;实测值:381.2105.
NOS体外抑制试验
已经发现本发明的化合物选择性抑制神经元NOS同工酶(nNOS)。本领域的技术人员可例如通过在实施例18以及下述中所述的方法检验化合物相对于iNOS和/或eNOS优先抑制nNOS的效力。
实施例18:nNOS(人),eNOS(人)和iNOS(人)酶测定
在杆状病毒感染的Sf9细胞(ALEXIS)中产生重组人诱导型NOS(iNOS),人内皮组成型NOS(eNOS)或人神经元组成型NOS(nNOS)。在放射性测量方法中,NO合酶的活性通过测量[3H]L-精氨酸向[3H]L-瓜氨酸的转化率测得。为了测量iNOS,将10μL的酶添加到100μL的100mM HEPES(pH=7.4)中,其含有1mM CaCl2,1mM EDTA,1mM二硫苏糖醇,1μM FMN,1μM FAD,10μM四氢生物蝶呤,120μMNADPH和100nM CaM。为了测量eNOS或nNOS,将10μL的酶添加到100μL的40mM HEPES(pH=7.4)中,其含有2.4mM CaCl2,1mMMgCl2,1mg/mL BSA,1mM EDTA,1mM二硫苏糖醇,1μM FMN,1μM FAD,10μM四氢生物蝶呤,1mM NADPH和1.2μM CaM。
为了测量酶抑制作用,将15μL的受试物质溶液添加到酶试验溶液中,然后在室温预培养15分钟时间。通过添加含有0.25μ Ci的[3H]精氨酸/mL和24μM L-精氨酸的20μL L-精氨酸引发反应。每孔中反应混合物的总体积为150μL,反应在37℃进行45分钟。反应通过添加20μL用冰冷却的缓冲液被终止,该缓冲液含有100mM HEPES,3mM EGTA,3mM EDTA,pH=5.5。通过DOWEX(离子交换树脂DOWEX 50 W X8-400,SIGMA)分离[3H]L-瓜氨酸,通过在离心机中以12,000g旋转10分钟除去DOWEX。将70μL等分的上清液添加到100μL的闪烁液中,在液体闪烁计数器(1450Microbeta Jet,Wallac)中计数样品。特异性NOS活性被报道为是从测试溶液中恢复的活性与在含有240mM抑制剂L-NMMA的对照样品中观察到的活性之间的差异。所有的试验进行至少一式两份。标准偏差为10%或更低。本发明的示例化合物的结果如表3所示。这些结果再次显示了本发明的化合物对nNOS抑制的选择性。
表3.通过本发明化合物对人NOS的选择性抑制
实施例19:在预示类似神经性疼痛状态的模型中的效力
使用由各种方法诱导的预示抗痛觉过敏活性和抗异常性疼痛活性的标准动物模型评价化合物107用于治疗神经性疼痛的效力。
损伤诱导的类似神经性疼痛的Chung模型:
在图1中描绘了用于神经性疼痛的Chung脊神经结扎SNL模型试验的实验设计。神经结扎损伤根据Kim和Chung所述的方法进行(Kim andChung,Pain 50:355-363,1992)。该技术产生了神经性触物感痛的病征,包括触觉异常性疼痛、热痛觉过敏和受影响的爪的戒备(guarding)。用卤烷将大鼠麻醉,将脊椎L4到S2区域暴露。暴露出L5和L6脊神经,小心分离,并用4-0丝缝线在DRG远端紧紧地结扎。在确保内环境稳定的稳定性后,缝合伤口,使动物再回到各自的笼中。以相同的方式准备伪操作的大鼠,不同的是未结扎L5/L6脊神经。任何表现运动缺陷病征的大鼠被实施安乐死。在外科介入后恢复一段时间后,大鼠表现对疼痛刺激和常规的非疼痛刺激的敏感性增强。
根据公开的方法i.p.注射一个标准剂量(10或60mg/kg)后,存在nNOS选择性化合物107(参见图2)的明显的抗痛觉过敏作用。
其它实施方案
虽然已经参考目前被认为是优选的实施例描述了本发明,可以理解本发明不限于所公开的实施例。相反,本发明意欲覆盖在所附权利要求书的精神和范围内所包括的各种改进和等价方案。
所有的出版物、专利和专利申请以就象单独的出版物、专利或专利申请各自被具体和分别地表明以其全部内容引入本文作为参考的相同程度以其全部引入本文作为参考。当本申请中的术语与作为参考并入本文的文献中的术语的定义不同时,本文中提供的定义作为该术语的定义。
其它实施方案包含在权利要求书中。
要求保护的是:
Claims (25)
1.式(I)的化合物:
其中
R1是H、任选取代的C1-6烷基、任选取代的C1-4烷芳基、任选取代的C1-4烷杂环基或任选取代的C2-9杂环基;
R2和R3中的每一个独立地是H、Hal、任选取代的C1-6烷基、任选取代的C6-10芳基、任选取代的C1-6烷芳基、任选取代的C2-9杂环基或任选取代的C1-4烷杂环基;
R4是H、R4AC(NH)NH(CH2)r4或R4ANHC(S)NH(CH2)r4,其中r4是0-2的整数,R4A是任选取代的C1-6烷基、任选取代的C6-10芳基、任选取代的C1-4烷芳基、任选取代的C2-9杂环基、任选取代的C1-4烷杂环基、任选取代的C1-6硫代烷氧基、任选取代的C1-4硫代烷芳基、任选取代的芳酰基、任选取代的C1-4硫代烷杂环基或任选取代的氨基;和
R5是H、R5AC(NH)NH(CH2)r5或R5ANHC(S)NH(CH2)r5,其中r5是0-2的整数,R5A是C1-6烷基、任选取代的C6-10芳基、任选取代的C1-4烷芳基、任选取代的C2-9杂环基、任选取代的C1-4烷杂环基、任选取代的C1-6硫代烷氧基、任选取代的C1-4硫代烷芳基、任选取代的芳酰基、任选取代的C1-4硫代烷杂环基或任选取代的氨基;
其中R4和R5中的一个,而不是两个,是H,和
当R4是H时,R1是H,以及
当R5是H时,R3是H。
2.权利要求1的化合物,其中
R1是H、任选取代的C1-6烷基或任选取代的C2-9杂环基,
R2和R3中的每一个独立地是H、任选取代的C1-6烷芳基、任选取代的C6-10芳基或任选取代的C2-9杂环基;
R4是H或R4AC(NH)NH(CH2)r4,其中r4是0-1的整数,R4A是任选取代的C2-9杂环基;或任选取代的氨基;以及
R5是H或R5AC(NH)NH(CH2)r5,其中r5是0-1的整数,R5A是任选取代的C2-9杂环基,或任选取代的氨基。
6.权利要求5的化合物,其中R1是任选取代的烷杂环基,任选取代的杂环基,或被NRGRH取代的烷基,其中RG和RH中的每一个独立地选自氢;1-6个碳原子的烷基;3-8个碳原子的环烷基;和烷环烷基,其中所述环烷基具有3-8个碳原子,以及所述亚烷基具有1-10个碳原子。
7.权利要求5的化合物,其中R2是烷基,任选取代的芳基,或任选取代的烷芳基。
9.权利要求8的化合物,其中R3是任选取代的杂环基或任选取代的环烷基。
12.权利要求1的化合物,其中相对于内皮氧化氮合酶(eNOS)或诱导型氧化氮合酶(iNOS),所述化合物选择性地抑制神经元氧化氮合酶(nNOS)。
13.权利要求6的化合物,其中相对于eNOS和iNOS两者,所述化合物选择性地抑制nNOS。
14.一种药物组合物,其包含权利要求1的化合物和可药用赋形剂。
15.一种治疗或预防哺乳动物中由氧化氮合酶(NOS)的作用所引起的病症的方法,其中所述方法包含对所述哺乳动物给用有效量的权利要求1的化合物。
16.权利要求9所述的方法,其中所述哺乳动物为人。
17.权利要求15所述的方法,其中所述病症为偏头痛头痛、有异常性疼痛的偏头痛,神经性疼痛,中风后中枢疼痛(CPSP),慢性紧张型头痛,慢性疼痛,急性脊髓损伤,糖尿病性肾病,炎性疾病,中风,再灌注损伤,头部创伤,心源性休克,CABG相关的神经病学损伤,HCA,AIDS相关痴呆,神经毒性,帕金森氏病,阿尔茨海默氏病,ALS,亨廷顿舞蹈病,多发性硬化,脱氧麻黄碱诱导的神经毒性,药瘾,吗啡/阿片样物质诱导的耐受性、依赖性、痛觉过敏或脱瘾,乙醇耐受性、依赖性或脱瘾,癫痫,焦虑症,抑郁症,注意缺陷多动症或精神病。
18.权利要求15所述的方法,其中所述病症为中风,再灌注损伤,神经变性病变,头部创伤,CABG,先兆型和无先兆型偏头痛头痛,有异常性疼痛的偏头痛,慢性紧张型头痛,神经性疼痛,中风后中枢疼痛(CPSP),吗啡/阿片样物质诱导的痛觉过敏,或慢性疼痛。
19.权利要求15所述的方法,其中所述化合物是1,5-取代的吲哚并且所述病症为中风后中枢疼痛(CPSP)。
20.权利要求15所述的方法,其中所述方法进一步包含对所述哺乳动物给药阿片样物质。
21.权利要求20所述的方法,其中所述阿片样物质是阿芬太尼、布托啡诺、丁丙诺啡、右吗拉胺、地佐辛、右丙氧芬、可待因、双氢可待因、地芬诺酯、埃托啡、芬太尼、氢可酮、氢吗啡酮、凯托米酮、洛哌丁胺、左啡诺、左美沙酮、哌替啶、美普他酚、美沙酮、吗啡、吗啡-6-葡糖苷酸、纳布啡、纳洛酮、羟考酮、羟吗啡酮、喷他佐辛、哌替啶、哌腈米特、丙氧酚、瑞芬太尼、舒芬太尼、替利定和曲马多。
22.权利要求15所述的方法,其中所述方法进一步包含对所述哺乳动物给药抗抑郁药、抗癫痫药、非甾体抗炎药(NSAID)、抗心律不齐药、GABA-B拮抗剂、α-2-肾上腺素能受体激动剂、N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸盐拮抗剂、缩胆囊素B拮抗剂。
23.权利要求15所述的方法,其中所述方法进一步包含对所述哺乳动物给药5-羟色胺5HT1B/1D激动剂。
24.权利要求23所述的方法,其中所述5-羟色胺5HT1B/1D激动剂是依来曲普坦、氟伐曲坦、那拉曲坦、利扎曲普坦、舒马普坦、多尼普曲坦或佐米曲普坦。
25.权利要求15所述的方法,其中所述方法进一步包含对所述哺乳动物给药物质P拮抗剂,抗炎化合物,DHP-敏感性L-型钙通道拮抗剂,ω-芋螺毒素-敏感性N-型钙通道拮抗剂,P/Q-型钙通道拮抗剂,腺苷激酶拮抗剂,腺苷受体A1激动剂,腺苷受体A2a拮抗剂,腺苷受体A3激动剂,腺苷脱氨酶抑制剂,腺苷核苷转运抑制剂,香草素VR1受体激动剂,大麻素CB1/CB2激动剂,AMPA受体拮抗剂,红藻氨酸盐受体拮抗剂,钠通道阻断剂,烟碱样乙酰胆碱受体激动剂,KATP钾通道、Kv1.4钾通道、Ca2+-激活的钾通道、SK钾通道、BK钾通道、IK钾通道、KCNQ2/3钾通道开放剂,毒蕈碱样M3拮抗剂,毒蕈碱样M1激动剂,毒蕈碱样M2/M3部分激动剂/拮抗剂;或抗氧化剂。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US79184606P | 2006-04-13 | 2006-04-13 | |
US60/791,846 | 2006-04-13 | ||
PCT/CA2007/000617 WO2007118314A1 (en) | 2006-04-13 | 2007-04-13 | 1,5 and 3,6- substituted indole compounds having nos inhibitory activity |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN101466709A true CN101466709A (zh) | 2009-06-24 |
CN101466709B CN101466709B (zh) | 2013-03-20 |
Family
ID=38608997
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN2007800222857A Expired - Fee Related CN101466709B (zh) | 2006-04-13 | 2007-04-13 | 具有nos抑制活性的1,5和3,6-取代的吲哚化合物 |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7989447B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP2010527B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP5350219B2 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN101466709B (zh) |
AR (1) | AR060451A1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2007240078B2 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2643822A1 (zh) |
TW (1) | TW200808780A (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2007118314A1 (zh) |
ZA (1) | ZA200809659B (zh) |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7375219B2 (en) | 2005-04-13 | 2008-05-20 | Neuraxon, Inc. | Substituted indole compounds having NOS inhibitory activity |
TW200808780A (en) | 2006-04-13 | 2008-02-16 | Neuraxon Inc | 1,5 and 3,6- substituted indole compounds having NOS inhibitory activity |
US20090131503A1 (en) * | 2007-11-16 | 2009-05-21 | Annedi Subhash C | 3,5 - substituted indole compounds having nos and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitory activity |
BRPI0820632A2 (pt) * | 2007-11-16 | 2015-06-16 | Neuraxon Inc | Compostos de indol e métodos para tratamento de dor visceral |
WO2009064505A1 (en) * | 2007-11-16 | 2009-05-22 | The Arizona Board Of Regents On Behalf Of The University Of Arizona | Methods for treating visceral pain |
UA105182C2 (ru) | 2008-07-03 | 2014-04-25 | Ньюрексон, Інк. | Бензоксазины, бензотиазины и родственные соединения, которые имеют ингибирующую nos активность |
WO2010132072A1 (en) * | 2009-05-15 | 2010-11-18 | Neuraxon, Inc | Treatment or prevention of migraine by dosing at aura |
MA40759A (fr) | 2014-09-26 | 2017-08-01 | Pfizer | Modulateurs de rorc2 de type pyrrolopyridine substitué par un méthyle et trifluorométhyle et leurs procédés d'utilisation |
US20240327369A1 (en) * | 2021-07-23 | 2024-10-03 | Blackstone Therapeutics, Llc | A method for preparing hexahydrocannabinol |
WO2023177452A1 (en) * | 2022-03-14 | 2023-09-21 | Colorado Chromatography, Llc | Hydrogenation of cannabigerol and cannabichromene |
Family Cites Families (67)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2460947A1 (fr) | 1979-07-13 | 1981-01-30 | Roussel Uclaf | Nouveau derives n-substitues du tetrahydropyridinyl-indole, leurs sels, procede de preparation, application a titre de medicaments et compositions les renfermant |
BE889931A (fr) * | 1980-08-12 | 1982-02-11 | Glaxo Group Ltd | Derives indoliques, leur preparation et leurs applications en tant que medicaments |
GR79215B (zh) | 1982-06-07 | 1984-10-22 | Glaxo Group Ltd | |
HU196752B (en) | 1983-12-06 | 1989-01-30 | Glaxo Group Ltd | Process for production of medical compositions containing indole-derivatives and these compounds |
GB8332437D0 (en) | 1983-12-06 | 1984-01-11 | Glaxo Group Ltd | Chemical compounds |
GB8419575D0 (en) | 1984-08-01 | 1984-09-05 | Glaxo Group Ltd | Chemical compounds |
US5234942A (en) | 1984-10-19 | 1993-08-10 | Ici Americas Inc. | Heterocyclic amides and leucotriene antagonistic use thereof |
US5270333A (en) | 1986-01-28 | 1993-12-14 | Glaxo Group Limited | Indole derivatives |
DE3783280T2 (de) | 1986-07-16 | 1993-05-06 | Eniricerche Spa | Teilweise retro-invertierte analoge des tuftsin, methode zu ihrer herstellung und pharmazeutische zusammensetzungen, die sie enthalten. |
US4879295A (en) | 1986-09-27 | 1989-11-07 | Sawai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. | N-tetrazolyl thiazolecarboxyamide derivatives and their use |
US5200410A (en) | 1988-09-20 | 1993-04-06 | Troponwerke Gmbh & Co. | Medicaments for the treatment of cerebral apoplexy |
DE3831888A1 (de) | 1988-09-20 | 1990-03-29 | Troponwerke Gmbh & Co Kg | Arzneimittel zur behandlung von apoplexia cerebri |
IL96891A0 (en) | 1990-01-17 | 1992-03-29 | Merck Sharp & Dohme | Indole-substituted five-membered heteroaromatic compounds,their preparation and pharmaceutical compositions containing them |
NZ238424A (en) | 1990-06-07 | 1993-12-23 | Wellcome Found | 3,5-substituted indole derivatives; medicaments and preparatory processes. |
GB9013845D0 (en) | 1990-06-21 | 1990-08-15 | Glaxo Group Ltd | Process |
TW263508B (zh) | 1991-02-12 | 1995-11-21 | Pfizer | |
KR0184911B1 (ko) | 1991-11-25 | 1999-05-01 | 알렌 제이. 스피겔 | 인돌유도체 |
DE69214633T2 (de) | 1992-06-19 | 1997-05-22 | Agfa Gevaert Nv | Thermisch übertragbare fluoreszierende Verbindungen |
ES2055651B1 (es) | 1992-07-20 | 1995-03-01 | Vita Invest Sa | Procedimiento para la obtencion de nuevas amidinas derivadas de 3-aminoetilindoles. |
IL106445A (en) | 1992-07-30 | 1998-01-04 | Merck Sharp & Dohme | History of 1,2,4-Trans-Triazole 4-Transform, Preparation and Pharmaceutical Preparations Containing Them |
JPH06212151A (ja) | 1993-01-14 | 1994-08-02 | Toyo Ink Mfg Co Ltd | 有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子 |
US5468768A (en) | 1994-01-06 | 1995-11-21 | Bristol-Myers Squibb Company | Antimigraine derivatives of indolylcycloalkanylamines |
US5862935A (en) * | 1995-02-28 | 1999-01-26 | Georg Utz Holding Ag | Plastic container |
TR199700993T1 (xx) | 1995-03-20 | 1998-03-21 | Eli Lilly And Company | 5-ikameli-3-(1,2,3,6-tetrahidropridin-4-il)- ve 3-(piperidin-4-il)-1H-indoller: yeni 5-HT1F agonistler. |
BR9509985A (pt) | 1995-12-12 | 1998-11-03 | Omeros Med Sys Inc | Solução para irrigação e método para inibição de dor inflamação e esparmo |
JPH1095762A (ja) * | 1996-06-04 | 1998-04-14 | Chugai Pharmaceut Co Ltd | Nos阻害作用を有する置換ベンゼン |
US5846982A (en) | 1996-06-14 | 1998-12-08 | Eli Lilly And Company | Inhibition of serotonin reuptake |
GB9619284D0 (en) * | 1996-09-16 | 1996-10-30 | Celltech Therapeutics Ltd | Chemical compounds |
AU4074897A (en) | 1996-09-18 | 1998-04-14 | Eli Lilly And Company | A method for the prevention of migraine |
US5998438A (en) | 1996-11-26 | 1999-12-07 | Allelix Biopharmaceuticals, Inc. | 5-cyclo indole compounds |
US6090839A (en) | 1996-12-23 | 2000-07-18 | Merck & Co., Inc. | Antidiabetic agents |
JPH10265450A (ja) * | 1997-03-25 | 1998-10-06 | Mitsui Chem Inc | 一酸化窒素合成酵素阻害作用を有する新規なアミジン誘導体 |
EP0875513A1 (en) | 1997-04-14 | 1998-11-04 | Eli Lilly And Company | Substituted heteroaromatic 5-HT 1F agonists |
WO1998048826A1 (en) * | 1997-04-30 | 1998-11-05 | Northwestern University | Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase by amino acids and dipeptides |
US6380201B1 (en) | 1997-08-05 | 2002-04-30 | Eli Lilly And Company | Methods of treating or ameliorating the symptoms of common cold or allergic rhinitis with serotonin 5-HT1F agonists |
US6277870B1 (en) | 1998-05-04 | 2001-08-21 | Astra Ab | Use |
JP2002519348A (ja) | 1998-06-30 | 2002-07-02 | イーライ・リリー・アンド・カンパニー | 5−ht1fアゴニスト |
US6562809B1 (en) | 1998-09-18 | 2003-05-13 | Nps Allelix Corp. | 3-bicycloindole compounds |
US6255334B1 (en) | 1998-10-30 | 2001-07-03 | Pfizer Inc | 5HT 1 receptor agonists and metoclopramide for the treatment of migraine |
WO2000038677A1 (en) | 1998-12-23 | 2000-07-06 | Allelix Biopharmaceuticals Inc. | Indole and indolizidine derivatives for the treatment of migraine |
JP2000280626A (ja) | 1999-03-31 | 2000-10-10 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | 画像記録媒体 |
GB9919411D0 (en) | 1999-08-18 | 1999-10-20 | Zeneca Ltd | Chemical compounds |
SE9903997D0 (sv) | 1999-11-03 | 1999-11-03 | Astra Ab | New compounds |
AU7178301A (en) * | 2000-07-06 | 2002-01-21 | American Home Prod | Methods for increasing nitric oxide synthase activity |
MXPA03001535A (es) * | 2000-08-21 | 2004-12-13 | Pacific Corp | Derivados de tiourea novedosos y las composiciones farmaceuticas que contienen los mismos. |
EP1377549A1 (en) | 2001-03-12 | 2004-01-07 | Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Functionalized heterocycles as modulators of chemokine receptor function and methods of use therefor |
DE10121215A1 (de) | 2001-04-30 | 2002-10-31 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Dihydro-imidazo[4,5-e]indol- und 7H-Pyrrolo[3,2-f]chinoxalin Derivate als nikotinische Acetylcholinrezeptor Liganden und/oder serotonerge Liganden |
ES2187300B1 (es) | 2001-11-14 | 2004-06-16 | Laboratorios Del Dr. Esteve, S.A. | Derivados de sulfonamidas, su preparacion y su aplicacion como medicamentos. |
SE0104248D0 (sv) | 2001-12-14 | 2001-12-14 | Astrazeneca Ab | Method of treatment |
WO2003077897A1 (en) | 2002-03-15 | 2003-09-25 | Cypress Bioscience, Inc. | Ne and 5-ht reuptake inhibitors for treating visceral pain syndromes |
FR2837711B1 (fr) | 2002-03-28 | 2005-05-06 | Agronomique Inst Nat Rech | Utilisation de la lactobacillus farciminis pour la prevention ou le traitement de pathologies digestives |
US7365069B2 (en) | 2002-04-10 | 2008-04-29 | Bexel Pharmaceuticals Inc. | Pyrimidone derivatives |
AU2003257300B2 (en) | 2002-08-07 | 2010-01-21 | Neuraxon Inc. | Amino benzothiazole compounds with NOS inhibitory activity |
GB0223367D0 (en) | 2002-10-09 | 2002-11-13 | Astrazeneca Ab | Therapeutic treatment |
ES2222828B1 (es) | 2003-07-30 | 2006-04-16 | Laboratorios Del Dr. Esteve, S.A. | Derivados de 1-sulfonilindoles, su preparacion y su aplicacion como medicamentos. |
JP2005051694A (ja) * | 2003-07-31 | 2005-02-24 | Solid Acoustics Co Ltd | 12面体スピーカシステム |
US7767817B2 (en) | 2003-09-05 | 2010-08-03 | Binghe Wang | Water soluble boronic acid fluorescent reporter compounds and methods of use thereof |
WO2005033079A1 (ja) | 2003-09-30 | 2005-04-14 | Eisai Co., Ltd. | ヘテロ環化合物を含有する新規な抗真菌剤 |
JP2005129430A (ja) | 2003-10-27 | 2005-05-19 | Konica Minolta Holdings Inc | 光電変換材料用半導体、光電変換素子及び太陽電池 |
ITTO20040125A1 (it) | 2004-03-01 | 2004-06-01 | Rotta Research Lab | Nuove amidine eterocicliche inibitrici la produzione di ossido d'azoto (no) ad attivita' antinfiammatoria ed analgesica |
WO2005090282A1 (en) | 2004-03-12 | 2005-09-29 | Ligand Pharmaceuticals Incorporated | Androgen receptor modulator compounds and methods |
US20050256182A1 (en) | 2004-05-11 | 2005-11-17 | Sutter Diane E | Formulations of anti-pain agents and methods of using the same |
US7375219B2 (en) | 2005-04-13 | 2008-05-20 | Neuraxon, Inc. | Substituted indole compounds having NOS inhibitory activity |
TW200808780A (en) | 2006-04-13 | 2008-02-16 | Neuraxon Inc | 1,5 and 3,6- substituted indole compounds having NOS inhibitory activity |
US20090131503A1 (en) * | 2007-11-16 | 2009-05-21 | Annedi Subhash C | 3,5 - substituted indole compounds having nos and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitory activity |
WO2009064505A1 (en) | 2007-11-16 | 2009-05-22 | The Arizona Board Of Regents On Behalf Of The University Of Arizona | Methods for treating visceral pain |
BRPI0820632A2 (pt) | 2007-11-16 | 2015-06-16 | Neuraxon Inc | Compostos de indol e métodos para tratamento de dor visceral |
-
2007
- 2007-04-13 TW TW096113005A patent/TW200808780A/zh unknown
- 2007-04-13 AR ARP070101584A patent/AR060451A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2007-04-13 CN CN2007800222857A patent/CN101466709B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-04-13 AU AU2007240078A patent/AU2007240078B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2007-04-13 CA CA002643822A patent/CA2643822A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-04-13 WO PCT/CA2007/000617 patent/WO2007118314A1/en active Application Filing
- 2007-04-13 EP EP07719544.4A patent/EP2010527B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2007-04-13 ZA ZA200809659A patent/ZA200809659B/xx unknown
- 2007-04-13 JP JP2009504540A patent/JP5350219B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-04-13 US US11/787,167 patent/US7989447B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2009533358A (ja) | 2009-09-17 |
EP2010527B1 (en) | 2013-08-14 |
JP5350219B2 (ja) | 2013-11-27 |
CN101466709B (zh) | 2013-03-20 |
AU2007240078A1 (en) | 2007-10-25 |
AR060451A1 (es) | 2008-06-18 |
AU2007240078B2 (en) | 2013-07-25 |
EP2010527A1 (en) | 2009-01-07 |
US7989447B2 (en) | 2011-08-02 |
ZA200809659B (en) | 2010-03-31 |
WO2007118314A1 (en) | 2007-10-25 |
TW200808780A (en) | 2008-02-16 |
US20070254940A1 (en) | 2007-11-01 |
EP2010527A4 (en) | 2010-02-10 |
CA2643822A1 (en) | 2007-10-25 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN101466709B (zh) | 具有nos抑制活性的1,5和3,6-取代的吲哚化合物 | |
EP1883451B9 (en) | Substituted indole compounds having nos inhibitory activity | |
US8673909B2 (en) | Indole compounds and methods for treating visceral pain | |
US20090131503A1 (en) | 3,5 - substituted indole compounds having nos and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitory activity | |
US7919510B2 (en) | Substituted benzimidazole compounds with dual NOS inhibitory activity and mu opioid agonist activity |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
C06 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
C17 | Cessation of patent right | ||
CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20130320 Termination date: 20140413 |