CN101462909A - Preparation of avermectin slag fertilizer - Google Patents
Preparation of avermectin slag fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method of abamectin dreg fertilizer; the method solves the problem that: the existing preparation method of the organic fertilizer affects the content of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium when reducing the content of inorganic nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the fertilizer. The preparation method is characterized in that: the preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) dairy manure, slag, maize straw, ammonium hydrogen carbonate and potassium sulphate are uniformly mixed, composted and fermented; after the fermentation is finished, the dairy manure, the inorganic nutrients of which are fixed by microorganisms is obtained; (2) the abamectin dreg is dried to have 40-55% of the water content; (3) the dairy manure, the inorganic nutrients of which are fixed by microorganisms, the abamectin dreg, humic acid and argil are uniformly mixed and are made into particles, thus obtaining the abamectin dreg fertilizer. The method not only can improve the content of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium in the organic fertilizer, but also can effectively reduce the content of inorganic nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the fertilizer simultaneously; therefore, the produced fertilizer has high content of the total nitrogen, the total phosphorus, the total potassium and organic matters.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the organic fertilizer field, be specifically related to a kind of preparation method who contains the organic fertilizer of avermectin slag.
Background technology
Organic fertilizer is often referred to the class fertilizer that natural organic matter forms through microbiological degradation or fermentation, and people's ight soil, the ight soil of domestic animal etc. all is the main raw material of organic fertilizer.It is fertile or make compost that the preparation method of organic fertilizer normally mixes auxiliary materials such as ight soil and stalk laggard windrow, utilizes the microorganism in the ight soil to ferment.The organonitrogen that contains in the organic fertilizer, phosphorus, potassium can slowly discharge in soil, for a long time for crop provides nutrient, are beneficial to the growth of crop; Simultaneously, organonitrogen, phosphorus, potassium are the nutritive substance of macromole class, have certain adsorption in soil, can improve the drought resisting of crop, waterlogging-resistant and anti-adversity ability.Organic fertilizer has the advantage that raw material sources are wide, quantity is big, nutrient is complete, fertilizer efficiency is long, and can improve the soil, keep soil from packing together.But the total content national standard of full nitrogen (inorganic nitrogen and organonitrogen), full phosphorus (inorganic phosphorus and organophosphorus) and full potassium (inorganic potassium and organic potassium) is 4% in the organic fertilizer, needs bigger amount of application could satisfy farm crop for nutrient demand.
The appearance of organic-inorganic complex fertilizer has solved the problems referred to above.The preparation method of existing composite fertilizer normally mixes the organic fertilizer for preparing with the mineral manure that is rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium.The adding of mineral manure has solved full nitrogen in the organic fertilizer, full phosphorus, full potassium content is not high and cause the big problem of rate of fertilizer application.But, inorganic nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium have quick-acting, promptly will be absorbed by crop at short notice, but not dispose procedure slowly for a long time, this just causes inorganic nutrients in the intravital enrichment of crop easily, and inorganic nutrients reduces the quality of crop in the intravital a large amount of enrichment meetings of crop, for particularly outstanding to the influence of the exigent green food of crop quality, Organic food.And mineral manure can cause soil compaction, destroys Soil structure.And the preparation method of existing composite fertilizer still can not influence the content of full nitrogen, full phosphorus, full potassium in the content that reduces inorganic nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is for the preparation method that solves existing organic fertilizer can not be in reducing fertilizer in the content of inorganic nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and do not influence the problem of full nitrogen, full phosphorus, full potassium content, and provide a kind of preparation method of avermectin slag fertilizer, method of the present invention can be in improving organic fertilizer in the content of full nitrogen, full phosphorus, full potassium, effectively reduce the content of inorganic nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium in the fertilizer, the full nitrogen of prepared fertilizer, full phosphorus, full potassium and organic content height.
The preparation method's of avermectin slag fertilizer of the present invention step is as follows:
(1) by ratio of weight and the number of copies with compost fermentation behind 100～110 parts of cow dungs, 5～10 parts of slags, 3～7 parts of maize straws, 24～26 parts of bicarbonate of ammonia, 15～17 parts of calcium superphosphate, 7.2～7.8 parts of vitriolate of tartar mixings, turning in per 3 days once, fermented 30～33 days, and obtained inorganic nutrients after the fermentation through microorganism fixed cow dung;
(2) avermectin slag is paved with the thickness of 15～25cm, dry under 22～28 ℃ ventilated environment then, the water content to avermectin slag detected in per 2～3 hours, and drying is finished when the water content of avermectin slag is 40～55%;
(3) by ratio of weight and the number of copies with 40～60 parts of inorganic nutrients behind microorganism fixed cow dung, 30～45 parts of avermectin slags, 5～10 parts of humic acid, 4～10 parts of white clay mixings, make the particle that particle diameter is 2.5～4.5mm, obtain avermectin slag fertilizer.
Avermectin slag in the above-mentioned steps (two) carries out drying in the cool;
Can add 5～10 parts of turfy soils in the above-mentioned steps (three), perhaps 0.2～0.5 part of content is the xanthohumic acid more than 40%, perhaps 0.01～0.03 part of content is the ammonium molybdate more than 80%, perhaps 0.01～0.02 part of content is the Sodium orthomolybdate more than 80%, perhaps the content of 4.5～7.5 parts of silicon-dioxide is the zeolite more than 60%, perhaps the content of 3～5 parts of effective silicon is the silica flour more than 10%, and perhaps the content of 0.3～0.6 part of metasilicate pentahydrate sodium is the Starso more than 95%.
The present invention has following beneficial effect:
Preparation inorganic nutrients of the present invention is with cow dung through the step of microorganism fixed cow dung, slag and maize straw mixing and when it ferments as yet, with bicarbonate of ammonia, calcium superphosphate, vitriolate of tartar adds wherein and mixing, obtain raw mix, ferment then, purpose is that inorganic nutrients is participated in the whole fermentation process, by utilizing microorganism in the cow dung with inorganic nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium is converted into can be by the nitrogen of other form of crop utilization, phosphorus, potassium, full nitrogen in improving fertilizer, full phosphorus, in the time of the content of full potassium, effectively reduce inorganic nitrogen in the cow dung, phosphorus, the content of potassium.
The content of inorganic nutrients nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium in microorganism fixed cow dung that this step obtains after reaching by fermentation to the raw mix before fermenting is all measured, by measurement result as can be known: the content of inorganic nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium is respectively 17.5g/kg, 11.2g/kg, 27.5g/kg in the raw mix, and the content of inorganic nutrients inorganic nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium in microorganism fixed cow dung is respectively 10.9g/kg, 4.2g/kg, 25.9g/kg.By fermentation, the content of inorganic nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium all has reduction, reduces to 62.3%, 37.7%, 94.2% of self content before the fermentation respectively.Illustrate that during the fermentation the microorganism in the cow dung can partly be converted into inorganic nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium nitrogen, phosphorus, the potassium of other form, thereby effectively reduce the content of inorganic nitrogen in the cow dung, phosphorus, potassium.
The content of the full nitrogen in the raw mix, full phosphorus, full potassium is respectively 2.91%, 1.29%, 2.85%, the content of inorganic nutrients full nitrogen, full phosphorus, full potassium in microorganism fixed cow dung is respectively 3.44%, 1.53%, 3.63%, each nutrient content all has increase, illustrating that microorganism in the cow dung can be converted into the nitrogen in the maize straw, phosphorus, potassium can be by the nitrogen of crop utilization, phosphorus, potassium, thereby improves the content of inorganic nutrients full nitrogen, full phosphorus, full potassium in microorganism fixed cow dung.
Inorganic nutrients is made particle behind the mixing by a certain percentage through microorganism fixed cow dung, avermectin slag, humic acid and white clay, just obtain avermectin slag fertilizer.Wherein, the total content of full nitrogen, full phosphorus, full potassium is 13～15% in the avermectin slag, and organic content is more than 82%, and behind the adding avermectin slag, full nitrogen, full phosphorus, full potassium and organic content can effectively improve in the fertilizer; Simultaneously, the not extraction that contains in the avermectin slag is Avrmectin completely, and it can make fertilizer have desinsection, kills mite, eelworm-killing activity and suppress the function of the population density of subterranean pest-insect.Organic content reaches 30～40% in the humic acid, and it can strengthen the activity of making object hydrogen peroxide enzyme and polyphenoloxidase being arranged; After adding humic acid, content organic in the fertilizer can effectively improve, and the fertilizer efficiency of fertilizer is enhanced, and can improve the soil, stimulates plant growth and improve agricultural product quality simultaneously.White clay can promote the formation of fertiliser granulates when fertilizer is made particle.
After measured, the full nitrogen in the prepared avermectin slag fertilizer of the present invention, full phosphorus, full potassium total content reach (national standard is 4%) more than 8%; Organic content (with dry weight basis) reaches (national standard is 30%) more than 50%, has full nitrogen, full phosphorus, full potassium and organic content height, can improve the soil and suppress the advantage of the population density of subterranean pest-insect.
The present invention can also add a certain amount of turfy soil, xanthohumic acid, ammonium molybdate, Sodium orthomolybdate, zeolite, silica flour or metasilicic acid and receive in avermectin slag fertilizer.Add fertilizer behind the turfy soil and have good water holding, performance such as air-breathing, can improve microorganism in natural situation, the activating soils such as water, fertilizer, gas, heat of soil, promote plant to nutrient absorbing, increase soil organic matter content, balance soil acidity or alkalinity, promote that crop drought resistance is waterlogging, improve fertilizer efficiency.Fertilizer behind the adding xanthohumic acid has the function that promotes plant-growth, raising anti-adversity ability, volume increase and improve quality.Fertilizer behind adding ammonium molybdate or the Sodium orthomolybdate can promote soybean nodulation to form ahead of time, improve soybean yields, and this fertilizer is applicable to the soybean field.Fertilizer behind adding zeolite powder, silica flour or the Starso can improve output and the disease resistance of paddy rice, and this fertilizer is applicable to rice terrace.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment:
The preparation method's of avermectin slag fertilizer of the present invention step is as follows:
(1) by ratio of weight and the number of copies with compost fermentation behind 100～110 parts of cow dungs, 5～10 parts of slags, 3～7 parts of maize straws, 24～26 parts of bicarbonate of ammonia, 15～17 parts of calcium superphosphate, 7.2～7.8 parts of vitriolate of tartar mixings, turning in per 3 days once, fermented 30～33 days, and obtained inorganic nutrients after the fermentation through microorganism fixed cow dung;
(2) avermectin slag is paved with the thickness of 15～25cm, dry under 22～28 ℃ ventilated environment then, the water content to avermectin slag detected in per 2～3 hours, and drying is finished when the water content of avermectin slag is 40～55%;
(3) by ratio of weight and the number of copies with 40～60 parts of inorganic nutrients behind microorganism fixed cow dung, 30～45 parts of avermectin slags, 5～10 parts of humic acid, 4～10 parts of white clay mixings, make the particle that particle diameter is 2.5～4.5mm, obtain avermectin slag fertilizer.
The present invention has chosen seven examples, and the component concentration of avermectin slag fertilizer sees Table 1 in each example.
Table 1
The first step is with cow dung, slag and maize straw mixing and when it ferments as yet, bicarbonate of ammonia, calcium superphosphate, vitriolate of tartar are added wherein and mixing, obtain raw mix, ferment then, purpose is that inorganic nutrients is participated in the whole fermentation process, can be by utilizing microorganism in the cow dung that inorganic nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium are converted into by the nitrogen of other form of crop utilization, phosphorus, potassium, in the content that improves full nitrogen, full phosphorus, full potassium, effectively reduce the content of inorganic nitrogen in the cow dung, phosphorus, potassium.Each examples preparation inorganic nutrients sees Table 2 through the set of dispense ratio of microorganism fixed cow dung.
Table 2
This step to the raw mix before fermenting and the content of the inorganic nutrients that obtains by fermentation inorganic nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and full nitrogen, full phosphorus, full potassium in microorganism fixed cow dung all measure, mensuration the results are shown in Table 3 and table 4.
Table 3
Table 4
By the data of table 3 as can be known: the average content of inorganic nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium is respectively 17.5g/kg, 11.2g/kg, 27.5g/kg in the raw mix of each example, and the average content of inorganic nutrients inorganic nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium in microorganism fixed cow dung is respectively 10.9g/kg, 4.2g/kg, 25.9g/kg.By fermentation, the content of inorganic nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium all has reduction, reduces to 62.3%, 37.7%, 94.2% of self content before the fermentation respectively.Illustrate that during the fermentation the microorganism in the cow dung can partly be converted into inorganic nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium nitrogen, phosphorus, the potassium of other form, thereby effectively reduce the content of inorganic nitrogen in the cow dung, phosphorus, potassium.The Determination on content method of inorganic nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium is as follows:
The measuring method of inorganic nitrogen: one, take by weighing testing sample 10g, in the triangular flask of the 250ml that packs into, add the hydrochloric acid of 100ml 0.05mol/L, vibration 15min filters then; Two, get filtrate 10ml and put into 100ml Kai Shi bottle, the sulfuric acid of adding 5ml 2mol/L also shakes up, and adds iron powder and the 0.09g zinc powder of 0.01g again, leaves standstill 30～35min, heats little 15min of boiling then; Three, measure according to the distillation method in " mensuration of total soil nitrogen ".
The measuring method of inorganic phosphorus: take by weighing testing sample 1g, shake up in the 200ml volumetric flask of packing into after washing with the sulfuric acid of 100ml 0.2mol/L, put into 40 ℃ baking oven insulation 1h, take out then and be cooled to room temperature, add and filter after water is settled to 200ml; Get filtrate 10ml and put into the 50ml volumetric flask, be diluted with water to 30ml, measure phosphorus content with molybdenum antimony resistance colorimetric method.
The measuring method of inorganic potassium: adopt 1mol/L NH
4OAC lixiviate-flame photometry.
By the data of table 4 as can be known, the average content of the full nitrogen in the raw mix of each example, full phosphorus, full potassium is respectively 2.91%, 1.29%, 2.85%, the content of inorganic nutrients full nitrogen, full phosphorus, full potassium in microorganism fixed cow dung is respectively 3.44%, 1.53%, 3.63%, each nutrient content all has increase, illustrating that microorganism in the cow dung can be converted into the nitrogen in the maize straw, phosphorus, potassium can be by the nitrogen of crop utilization, phosphorus, potassium, thereby improves the content of inorganic nutrients full nitrogen, full phosphorus, full potassium in microorganism fixed cow dung.The measuring method that full nitrogen, full phosphorus, full determination of potassium content method adopt The Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, MOA to stipulate in " People's Republic of China's agricultural industry criteria (NY525-202) organic fertilizer volume " publicized and implemented on December 1st, 2002.
Second step paved avermectin slag with the thickness of 15～25cm, dry under 22～28 ℃ ventilated environment then, water content to avermectin slag detected in per 2～3 hours, drying is finished when the water content of avermectin slag is 40～55%, and the measuring method of its water content adopts " the vacuum drying oven method " in " People's Republic of China's agricultural industry criteria (NY525-202) organic fertilizer volume ".When carrying out drying treatment, Avrmectin photodissociation under the sunlight direct projection that the In Shade drying of avermectin slag can be avoided wherein containing was lost efficacy.
The 3rd step by ratio of weight and the number of copies with 40～60 parts of inorganic nutrients behind microorganism fixed cow dung, 30～45 parts of avermectin slags, 5～10 parts of humic acid, 4～10 parts of white clay mixings, make the particle that particle diameter is 2.5～4.5mm, obtain avermectin slag fertilizer.Prilling process adopts water spray granulation, disk granulation or extruder grain all can.Wherein, the total content of full nitrogen, full phosphorus, full potassium is 13～15% in the avermectin slag, and organic content is more than 82%, and behind the adding avermectin slag, full nitrogen, full phosphorus, full potassium and organic content can effectively improve in the fertilizer; Simultaneously, the not extraction that contains in the avermectin slag is Avrmectin completely, and it can make fertilizer have desinsection, kills mite, eelworm-killing activity and suppress the function of the population density of subterranean pest-insect.Organic content is 30～40% in the humic acid, and it can strengthen the activity of making object hydrogen peroxide enzyme and polyphenoloxidase being arranged.After adding humic acid, content organic in the fertilizer can effectively improve, and the fertilizer efficiency of fertilizer is enhanced, and can improve the soil, stimulates plant growth and improve agricultural product quality simultaneously.White clay can promote the formation of fertiliser granulates when fertilizer is made particle.
Full nitrogen in the avermectin slag fertilizer that this step makes each example, full phosphorus, full potassium and organic content are measured, mensuration the results are shown in Table 5.
Table 5
By the data of table 5 as can be known, the average content of the full nitrogen in the prepared avermectin slag fertilizer of each example, full phosphorus, full potassium is respectively 5.82%, 1.41%, 1.65%, and its total content reaches (national standard is 4%) more than 8%; Organic content average out to is 50% or more (national standard is 30%), the content height of full nitrogen, full phosphorus, full potassium and organic matter.
Each example can also add 50～100kg turfy soil in avermectin slag fertilizer, perhaps 2～5kg part content is the xanthohumic acid more than 40%, perhaps 0.1～0.3kg content is the ammonium molybdate more than 80%, perhaps 0.1～0.2kg content is the Sodium orthomolybdate more than 80%, perhaps the content of 45～75kg silicon-dioxide is the zeolite more than 60%, perhaps the content of the effective silicon of 30～50kg is the silica flour more than 10%, and perhaps the content of 3～6kg metasilicate pentahydrate sodium is the Starso more than 95%.
Add fertilizer behind the turfy soil and have good water holding, performance such as air-breathing, can improve microorganism in natural situation, the activating soils such as water, fertilizer, gas, heat of soil, promote plant to nutrient absorbing, increase soil organic matter content, balance soil acidity or alkalinity, promote that crop drought resistance is waterlogging, improve fertilizer efficiency.Fertilizer behind the adding xanthohumic acid has the function that promotes plant-growth, raising anti-adversity ability, volume increase and improve quality.Fertilizer behind adding ammonium molybdate or the Sodium orthomolybdate can promote soybean nodulation to form ahead of time, improve soybean yields, and this fertilizer is applicable to the soybean field.Fertilizer behind adding zeolite powder, silica flour or the Starso can improve output and the disease resistance of paddy rice, and this fertilizer is applicable to rice terrace.
Claims (9)
1, a kind of preparation method of avermectin slag fertilizer is characterized in that: this preparation method's step is as follows:
(1) by ratio of weight and the number of copies with compost fermentation behind 100～110 parts of cow dungs, 5～10 parts of slags, 3～7 parts of maize straws, 24～26 parts of bicarbonate of ammonia, 15～17 parts of calcium superphosphate, 7.2～7.8 parts of vitriolate of tartar mixings, turning in per 3 days once, fermented 30～33 days, and obtained inorganic nutrients after the fermentation through microorganism fixed cow dung;
(2) avermectin slag is paved with the thickness of 15～25cm, dry under 22～28 ℃ ventilated environment then, the water content to avermectin slag detected in per 2～3 hours, and drying is finished when the water content of avermectin slag is 40～55%;
(3) by ratio of weight and the number of copies with 40～60 parts of inorganic nutrients behind microorganism fixed cow dung, 30～45 parts of avermectin slags, 5～10 parts of humic acid, 4～10 parts of white clay mixings, make the particle that particle diameter is 2.5～4.5mm, obtain avermectin slag fertilizer.
2, the preparation method of a kind of avermectin slag fertilizer according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the avermectin slag in the step (two) carries out drying in the cool.
3, the preparation method of a kind of avermectin slag fertilizer according to claim 1 is characterized in that: also added 5～10 parts of turfy soils in the step (three).
4, the preparation method of a kind of avermectin slag fertilizer according to claim 1 is characterized in that: also added 0.2～0.5 part of content in the step (three) and be the xanthohumic acid more than 40%.
5, the preparation method of a kind of avermectin slag fertilizer according to claim 1 is characterized in that: also added 0.01～0.03 part of content in the step (three) and be the ammonium molybdate more than 80%.
6, the preparation method of a kind of avermectin slag fertilizer according to claim 1 is characterized in that: it comprises that also 0.01～0.02 part of content is the Sodium orthomolybdate more than 80% in the step (three).
7, the preparation method of a kind of avermectin slag fertilizer according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the content that has also added 4.5～7.5 parts of silicon-dioxide in the step (three) is the zeolite more than 60%.
8, the preparation method of a kind of avermectin slag fertilizer according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the content that has also added 3～5 parts of effective silicon in the step (three) is the silica flour more than 10%.
9, the preparation method of a kind of avermectin slag fertilizer according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the content that has also added 0.3～0.6 part of metasilicate pentahydrate sodium in the step (three) is the Starso more than 95%.
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