CN101438471A - 降低激光束探测强度不均匀性的系统和方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种提高系统中激光器产生的光束的探测强度空间均匀性的方法,该系统包括激光器(34)和光探测器(74)。在一种实施方案中该方法包括以下步骤:利用激光器产生光束(30);相对移动光束和光探测器,以使探测器在一段时间内均化光束的空间强度。在另一种实施方案中本发明涉及提高光束的探测强度空间均匀性的系统。在一种实施方案中该系统包括:光探测器;用于产生光束的激光源;以及相对移动光束和探测器的装置(10),以使探测器在一段时间内均化光束的强度。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及激光器,具体地涉及降低激光束探测强度不均匀性的改进方法。
发明背景
许多测量需要使用激光器作为光源。例如,在从成像到基因序列检测的系统中均使用了激光器。在这些系统中使用了不同类型的激光器,包括气体激光器、化学激光器、准分子激光器、固态激光器、半导体激光器(包括二极管激光器)、染料激光器和空心阴极溅射金属离子激光器(hollowcathode sputtering metal ion laser)。各种激光器在用于具体应用时有其自身的优点和缺点。例如,不同类型激光器的特性,包括功率输出、波长、成本、尺寸、可调性和光束截面的强度均匀性,根据该激光器的应用而成为优点或缺点。
二极管激光器成本低、功率输出较高且尺寸较小。二极管激光器包括具有极低高宽(高度∶宽度)比的辐射区域或平面。即辐射平面的高度远小于其宽度。由激光二极管平面产生的光束在辐射平面上强度不均匀。由于光束强度缺乏均匀性,因而激光二极管不能够用于要求光束强度均匀性的应用。因此,在要求高功率和高均匀性的应用中,通常使用其它激光器,例如气体激光器。
在许多应用中,激光器的成本和尺寸的降低明显降低整个设备的成本并因而降低研究的成本。因此,降低二极管激光束强度的探测不均匀性的方法或系统可提高效率并减小用于选定应用的设备的尺寸。
本发明解决激光束的探测光束强度不均匀性的问题。
发明内容
本发明涉及降低激光二极管的探测强度不均匀性的系统和方法,以使激光二极管可用于需要探测均匀激光束的情况。
一方面,本发明涉及提高系统中激光器发出的光束的探测强度空间均匀性的方法,该系统包括激光器和光探测器。在一种实施方案中,该方法包括以下步骤:利用激光器产生光束;相对移动光束和光探测器,以使探测器在一段时间内均化光束的空间强度。在另一实施方案中,移动光束的步骤包括使光束射入二维后向反射器(retroreflector)并移动该后向发射器的反射壁的步骤。在再一实施方案中,移动光束的步骤包括使光束射入旋转多面体,该多面体可以是透明的多面体。在再一实施方案中,移动光束的步骤包括相对于探测器物理移动光源。
另一方面,本发明涉及提高光束的探测强度空间均匀性的系统。在一种实施方案中,该系统包括:光探测器;用于产生光束的激光源;用于相对移动光束和探测器的装置,以使探测器在一段时间内均化光束的强度。在另一实施方案中,该系统包括光束射入其中的具有移动反射壁的后向反射器。在再一实施方案中,该系统包括光束射入其中的旋转透明多面体。
另一方面,本发明涉及提高光束的探测强度空间均匀性的系统。在一种实施方案中,该系统包括:光探测器;用于产生光束的激光源;用于相对移动光束和探测器的平移装置(translator),以使探测器在一段时间内均化光束的强度。在另一实施方案中,激光源是激光二极管。在另一实施方案中,平移装置包括光束射入其中的具有移动反射壁的直角锥反射器(cornercube reflector)。在再一实施方案中,平移装置包括光束射入其中的旋转透明多面体。在另一实施方案中,平移装置包括相对于探测器物理移动光源的平移装置。
另一方面,本发明涉及使光束沿垂直其传播方向的方向移动的设备。在一种实施方案中,该设备包括第一反射面、与第一反射面成直角的第二反射面、以及相对移动第一反射面和第二反射面的平移装置。在另一实施方案中,平移装置是由波形发生器驱动的压电转换器。在再一实施方案中,平移装置是由波形发生器驱动的扬声器纸盆(speaker cone)。在再一实施方案中,扬声器纸盆是副低音扬声器。
附图说明
通过以下详细说明和附图,本发明的这些实施方案和其它方面将显而易见,所述附图是示例性的而不限制本发明,其中:
图1是光线被二维后向反射器反射的二维示意图;
图2(a,b)是光线进入反射表面处于不同位置的二维后向反射器的二维示意图;
图3(a,b)是包含多条光线的光束进入反射表面处于不同位置的二维后向反射器的二维示意图;
图4a是由观测二极管光源的探测器观察到的通过探测器截面的光强曲线;
图4b是由观测二极管光源的探测器观察到的通过探测器截面的光强按照本发明实施方案均化后得到的曲线;
图5是两条光线以垂直(90度)入射角进入透明多面体的二维示意图;
图6是两条光线以非90度的入射角进入透明多面体的二维示意图;
图6a是图6的一部分的放大图;以及
图7(a,b)是包括多条光线的光束以非90度的入射角进入透明多面体的二维示意图。
具体实施方式
通过结合附图阅读以下详细说明,将更充分地理解本发明。在本说明中,在本发明的各实施方案中,相同的标记表示相同的要素。在详细说明中,将通过优选实施方案对所要求保护的发明进行说明。然而,本领域技术人员将容易地理解本申请说明的方法和系统仅仅是示范性的,在不脱离本发明的构思和范围的情况下可作出改变。
通常,如下解决激光器发出的光束的探测强度空间不均匀性的问题:相对移动光束(通常大于探测器)和探测器,以使探测器“看到”光束通过探测器时强度的空间变化并进行均化。产生这种相对移动的一种方法是采用后向反射器。
通常由三个互相垂直相交的反射平面组成的后向反射器使被反射的入射光束沿其初始方向返回。图1示出了直角锥反射器5形式的二维后向反射器的实例。直角锥反射器5包括互成90度的两个反射面10和20。光源34发出的相对第一反射面10以45度入射的光线30朝向第二反射面20反射。所述第二反射面20使光线30朝向光源34方向反射回来。光线30的反射部分42平行于光线30的入射部分38反射。光线30的入射部分38和反射部分43之间的距离(D)取决于反射面10、20之间的距离。
参考图2a,通过调整反射面10、20的相对位置,可使出射光线42平移,以使光线30的入射部分38和出射部分42之间的距离(D)改变。在本发明的一种实施方案中,第一反射面10可沿垂直于反射面10的方向移动。可通过移动第一反射面10,同时使其保持与第二反射面20的相对方向,改变光线30的入射部分38和出射部分42之间的距离(D)。
因而,当第一反射面10移动时,光线30的出射部分42平移穿过位于光线30出射部分42的路径中的光圈70。光线30的出射部分42的位移变化决定了光线30的出射部分42是否能够穿过光圈70并到达探测器74.
更详细地,图2a示出了一条光线30,该光线30经第一反射面10反射,然后经第二反射面20反射,从而产生光线30的出射部分42,该出射部分42与光线30的入射部分38平行并成反向180度。在第一反射面10处于位置80时,光线30的出射部分42随后穿过光圈70到达探测器74。
参考图2b,通过将第一反射面10移至(箭头T)位置82,改变光线30的入射部分38和出射部分42’之间的距离(D’)。光线30的出射部分42’的位移导致光线30无法穿过光圈70并因而无法被探测器74观察到。
参考图3a,当考虑例如扩展的光源34’发出的由多条光线30’组成的光束时,同样,在反射面10处于第一位置80’时,多数光线朝向光圈70反射,与图2a中单条光线30的情况相同,仅有少数光线72穿过并到达探测器74。此外,参考图3b,当移动第一反射面10(箭头T)时,那些先前穿过光圈70到达探测器74的光线72’没有平移穿过光圈70并不再到达探测器74,同时同样与图2b中单条光线30所发生的情况相同,一些最初被光圈70阻挡的其它光线72’此时穿过光圈70并到达探测器74。
当第一反射面10往复移动时,组成光束30的出射部分42的不同光线穿过光圈70并到达探测器74表面上不同的位置。因而,尽管光束42在其宽度上强度可能不同,但可移动的反射面10结合光圈70在探测器74上形成具有较高强度均匀性的均化合成图像(average resultant image)。如果第一反射面10在曝光过程中经过数个循环的移动,那么多像素探测器的每一个像素在一段时间内观察到的平均光量与其它像素观察到的近似相同。因此,后向反射器5创造条件,促使探测到在一段时间内经过均化后更均匀的光束。
图4a示出了探测器观测二极管激光源时在探测器表面观察到的光的强度测量值。强度曲线上的峰是由二极管激光器平面上的“热点”(hot spot)引起的。图4b示出了探测器观测利用本发明进行了均化的二极管激光源时在探测器表面观察到的光的强度测量值。当通过第一反射器的移动使图像在探测器上移动时,强度曲线上由激光器的模式结构(mode structure)造成的峰和谷得到均化。
在各实施方案中,反射面10、20优选为镀银镜,但还可由任意反射性材料构成。尽管按照使第一反射面10沿垂直其表面的方向移动对本发明进行了说明,但在另一实施方案中,第二反射面20是可移动的。在另一实施方案中,两个反射面可沿相反的方向同时移动。
可通过任意往复装置使反射面平移,以使反射面相对于光束的取向以及反射面相互之间的取向保持不变。此外,为了使光束在探测器表面的两个维度上均保持均匀,可使第一反射面10旋转,以使表面位置的法线方向与入射光束的两个轴均成45度,并使第一反射面10沿着与入射光束和被反射至第二表面反射器的光束均成45度角的方向移动。
反射面可以由任意往复装置驱动,例如电动凸轮。在另一实施方案中,将第一反射面安装在副低音扬声器的扬声器纸盆上。在其它实施方案中,使用压电转换器移动反射面。在一种实施方案中,副低音扬声器或压电转换器由正弦波驱动。在其它实施方案中,反射面由其它波形驱动。在另一实施方案中,第二反射面由第二副低音扬声器驱动。在再一实施方案中,两个反射面由各自的副低音扬声器驱动。
在另一实施方案中,可使用旋转多面体使激光束形成强度均匀的光束。如图5所示,两条入射光线80、84垂直于多面体90的表面92进入多面体90。以一条入射光线80为例,入射光线80垂直(90度)入射在空气/多面体界面92上,从而产生同样垂直于界面92的透射光线96。当透射光线96,即此时多面体/空气界面100的入射光线离开多面体90时,入射光线96和透射光线104均垂直于界面100。因而,入射在多面体90上的光线80和穿过多面体90透射出去的光线104具有相同的方向,即它们均垂直于多面体的表面。因而,在垂直入射时,入射光线直射穿过多面体。相同的过程作用于图5所示的其它入射光线92。
参考图6,当多面体90旋转时,相对于空气/多面体界面92的入射角106改变,从而改变了在多面体90内的折射角108。(图6a是清楚地显示这些角度的放大示意图。)例如,入射光线80以不与多面体表面92垂直的角度106到达多面体的界面92,光束96’在多面体90的内部按照Snell法则的规定以角度108朝向界面92的法线110折射。光线96’穿过多面体90并成为多面体/空气界面110上的入射光线。由于光从物质传输进入空气,因而入射光线96’折射远离表面法线,从而产生透射光线104’。相同的过程作用于图6所示的其它入射光线84。当多面体90旋转时,使光束少量偏转,最终当界面92再次垂直于光束时,如以上结合图5所述,光穿过多面体。结果使得透射光线104和110在多面体旋转时相互交叉行进。
参考图7a,当考虑例如扩展的光源34发出的由多条光线组成的光束120以90°角入射在表面92上时,光束120直射穿过多面体90到达探测器74。此外,参考图7b,当多面体90旋转时,光线相对于界面92的入射角改变,从而改变了折射角度以及在多面体90相对表面上的位置,光束128将从此位置离开并到达探测器74。当多面体32’旋转时,光束的光线相互交叉行进,使得探测器74的各部分在一段时间内探测到基本相同的光强。因此,旋转多面体90提供了一种在光束120的宽度上空间均化光束强度的方法。
多面体可由能够透射光线的任意材料构成。在所示的实施方案中,多面体为八角形,但还可使用任意多面体。优选实施方案使用折射系数大于约1.9的玻璃多面体。多面体可以各种速度旋转,以获得适当的强度均匀水平。在优选的实施方案中,多面体以约为曝光时间二倍的速度旋转。
在不脱离所要求保护的发明的构思和范围的情况下,本领域技术人员可作出改变、改进和其它实施方案。因而,本发明不是由前述示例性说明限定,而是由所附权利要求的构思和范围限定。
Claims (18)
1.一种提高系统中激光器发出的光束的探测强度空间均匀性的方法,所述系统包括所述激光器和光探测器,所述方法包括以下步骤:
利用所述激光器产生光束;和
相对移动所述光束和所述光探测器,以使所述探测器在一段时间内均化所述光束的空间强度。
2.权利要求1的方法,其中所述移动光束的步骤包括使所述光束射入后向反射器并移动所述后向反射器的反射壁的步骤。
3.权利要求1的方法,其中所述后向反射器是直角反射器。
4.权利要求1的方法,其中所述移动光束的步骤包括相对所述探测器物理移动光源。
5.权利要求1的方法,其中所述探测器在任一时刻仅暴露于所述光束的一部分。
6.权利要求1的方法,其中所述利用激光器产生光束的步骤包括利用二极管激光器产生光束。
7.一种提高光束的探测强度空间均匀性的系统,包括:
光探测器;
用于产生光束的激光源;和
用于相对移动所述光束和所述探测器的装置,以使所述探测器在一段时间内均化所述光束的强度。
8.权利要求7的系统,其中所述用于移动的装置包括所述光束射入其中的具有移动反射壁的后向反射器。
9.权利要求7的系统,其中所述用于移动的装置包括所述光束从其中透过的旋转透明多面体。
10.一种提高光束的探测强度空间均匀性的系统,包括:
光探测器;
用于产生光束的激光源;和
相对移动所述光束和所述探测器的平移装置,以使所述探测器在一段时间内均化所述光束的强度。
11.权利要求10的系统,其中所述激光源是激光二极管。
12.权利要求10的系统,其中所述平移装置包括所述光束射入其中的具有移动反射壁的后向反射器。
13.权利要求10的系统,其中所述平移装置包括所述光束从其中透过的旋转透明多面体。
14.权利要求10的系统,其中所述平移装置包括相对所述探测器物理移动所述光源的平移装置。
15.一种使光束沿垂直其传播方向的方向移动的设备,所述设备包括:
第一反射面;
与所述第一反射面成直角的第二反射面;和
相对移动所述第一和第二反射面的平移装置。
16.权利要求15的设备,其中所述平移装置是由波形发生器驱动的压电转换器。
17.权利要求15的设备,其中所述平移装置是由波形发生器驱动的扬声器纸盆。
18.权利要求17的设备,其中所述扬声器纸盆是副低音扬声器。
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- 2007-03-07 EP EP07752567A patent/EP1994613A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-03-07 CN CNA2007800163172A patent/CN101438471A/zh active Pending
- 2007-03-07 WO PCT/US2007/005876 patent/WO2007103465A2/en active Application Filing
- 2007-03-07 JP JP2008558384A patent/JP2009529155A/ja active Pending
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN103368063A (zh) * | 2012-03-29 | 2013-10-23 | 三菱电机株式会社 | 激光模块 |
CN103368063B (zh) * | 2012-03-29 | 2016-08-31 | 三菱电机株式会社 | 激光模块 |
Also Published As
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EP1994613A2 (en) | 2008-11-26 |
CA2645299A1 (en) | 2007-09-13 |
WO2007103465A3 (en) | 2008-01-10 |
JP2009529155A (ja) | 2009-08-13 |
US7397546B2 (en) | 2008-07-08 |
US20070211467A1 (en) | 2007-09-13 |
WO2007103465A2 (en) | 2007-09-13 |
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