CN101432002A - 治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病的方法和组合物 - Google Patents
治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病的方法和组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101432002A CN101432002A CNA2007800071240A CN200780007124A CN101432002A CN 101432002 A CN101432002 A CN 101432002A CN A2007800071240 A CNA2007800071240 A CN A2007800071240A CN 200780007124 A CN200780007124 A CN 200780007124A CN 101432002 A CN101432002 A CN 101432002A
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- ether
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- chronic obstructive
- obstructive pulmonary
- pulmonary disease
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种治疗哺乳动物受治疗者的慢性阻塞性肺疾病的方法,其包括将有效量的式(I)的特定的双环化合物,和/或其互变异构体给药于需要其的受治疗者。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及到治疗哺乳动物受治疗者慢性阻塞性肺疾病的方法和组合物。
背景技术
慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)是一种特征在于不能完全可逆的气流受限的疾病状态。气流受限通常呈进行性发展并与肺对有害颗粒或气体的异常炎症反应有关。COPD是一种广义的术语,经常用于描述两种确定的气道疾病情形:慢性支气管炎和肺气肿,但是不包括哮喘(可逆的气流受限)。
对于COPD最主要的危险因素是吸烟。在许多国家流行的吸食烟斗、雪茄和其它类型的烟草对于COPD同样是危险因素。
其它引起COPD的原因包括曝露足够的强度或时间的工作灰尘和化学品(蒸汽、刺激物和烟)、来自在差的通风场所的用于烹饪和加热的生物物质燃料的室内空气污染或者室外空气污染,这增加了肺纳入的颗粒的总负担,尽管其引起COPD的具体原因还不是很清楚。被动吸烟同样影响呼吸症状和COPD。在孩童早期的呼吸传染病与低的肺功能相关,并且在成人期呼吸症状增加(Global Initiative for Chronic ObstructiveLung Disease,POCKET GUIDE TO COPD DIAGNOSIS,MANAGEMENT,AND PREVENTION,一种专业的健康护理指导,最新版为2005年7月)。
医学报道目前的治疗仅仅提供症状的缓解,并且受欢迎的是可以改变COPD的发展(减慢肺功能的进行性损失,或者更重要的使得所确定的疾病本身好转)的治疗。但是,仍然没有出现将这些设想转变为临床应用的治疗。研究了不同治疗种类的许多药剂。但是,这些药剂并不具有期望的功能,它们不满足减轻或者逆转肺功能的进行性损失的需要。
前列腺素(下文称作PG(一种或多种))是有机羧酸类的一种,其包含于人或其它哺乳动物的组织或器官内,并表现出广泛的生理学活性。天然发现的PG(原生PG)通常具有式(A)所示的前列腺烷酸骨架:
另一方面,一些合成的原生PG的类似物具有改进的骨架。这些原生PG根据五元环部分的结构被分为PGA、PGB、PGC、PGD、PGE、PGF、PGG、PGH、PGI和PGJ,并且进一步根据碳链部分的不饱和键的数目和位置而分为下面三种类型:
下标1:13,14-不饱和的-15-OH
下标2:5,6-和13,14-二不饱和的-15-OH
下标3:5,6-、13,14-和17,18-三不饱和的-15-OH。
此外,根据在9位置上的羟基基团的构型而将PGF分为α型(α-构型的羟基基团)和β型(β-构型的羟基基团)。
已知的是PGE1和PGE2和PGE3具有血管舒张、血压过低、胃分泌液减少、肠道蠕动增强、子宫收缩、利尿、支气管扩张和抗溃疡活性。已经已知的是PGF1α,PGF2α和PGF3α具有高血压、血管收缩、肠道蠕动增强、子宫收缩、叶黄素体萎缩和支气管缩小活性。
一些15-酮(即在15位置上具有取代羟基的氧)-PG和13,14-二氢(即使在13和14位置之间具有单键)-15-酮-PG已知的是通过在原生PG的新陈代谢过程中的酶的作用而自然产生的物质。
Ueno等人的美国专利No5254588描述了一些对于治疗肺功能紊乱有用的15-酮-PG化合物。
Ueno等人的美国专利No5362751描述了一些作为气管支气管扩张剂有用的15-酮-PGE化合物。
Ueno等人的美国专利No6197821描述了一些是内皮素的对抗剂的15-酮-PGE化合物,其被认为与高血压、血栓闭塞性血管炎、哮喘、眼底疾病等有关。
Ueno等人的美国专利No7064148和美国公开专利No2003/0166632描述了前列腺素化合物打开和激活氯化物通道,特别是ClC通道,更特别地是ClC-2通道。
上面引用的参考文献在此引入作为参考。
特定的双环化合物如何对COPD进行作用不是已知的。
发明概述
本发明的一个目标是提供一种治疗哺乳动物患者的慢性阻塞性肺疾病的方法。在另外一方面,本发明的目标是提供一种治疗哺乳动物患者的慢性阻塞性肺疾病的药物组合物。本发明人进行了深入的研究并发现特定的双环化合物对于COPD的治疗是有用的,并因此完成了本发明。
即,本发明涉及一种治疗哺乳动物受治疗者慢性阻塞性肺疾病的方法,其包括将有效量的式(I)表示的双环化合物,或者它的药学上可接受的盐、醚、酯或者酰胺,和/或它的互变异构体给药于需要其的受治疗者:
其中A1和A2是相同或者不同的卤素原子,和
B是-CH3、-CH2OH、-COCH2OH、-COOH。
本发明还提供一种治疗哺乳动物受治疗者的慢性阻塞性肺疾病的药物组合物,其含有有效量的上式(I)表示的双环化合物和/或它的互变异构体。
本发明进一步提供上式(I)表示的双环化合物和/或其互变异构体用于制造治疗哺乳动物患者的慢性阻塞性肺疾病的药物组合物的用途。
附图简述
图1表示在100nM化合物A存在或不存在下,在CSE处理24小时之后的细胞色素c从A549线粒体迁移的图表。将A549细胞培养汇流并用1%(E)、2.5%(H)和5%(K)CSE处理24小时。然后,测量细胞色素c的迁移。0.1%DMSO(B)(化合物A的媒介物)和单独的化合物A(C)都没有明显的影响细胞溶质细胞色素c。CSE以取决于剂量的方式产生了细胞色素c迁移的显著增加。在全部剂量的CSE,100nM化合物A(E,G,I)保护细胞色素c迁移免受CSE的诱导。数据表示为平均值±SEM pg/孔,n(每点的孔数)表示于每个条上。数据表示为pg/孔细胞色素c。每个孔包含1.5 x 105个细胞。
发明详述
用于本发明中的双环化合物,或者它的药学上可接受的盐、醚、酯或者酰胺,用式(I)表示:
其中A1和A2是相同或者不同的卤素原子,和
B是-CH3、-CH2OH、-COCH2OH、-COOH。
通常使用的术语“卤素”包括氟、氯、溴、碘原子。特别优选的用作A1和A2的卤素原子是氟原子。
合适的“药学上可接受的盐”包括常规使用的无毒盐,例如无机碱的盐例如碱金属盐(例如钠盐和钾盐)、碱土金属盐(例如钙盐和镁盐)、铵盐;或者有机碱的盐例如胺盐(例如甲基胺盐、二甲基胺盐、环己基胺盐、苄基胺盐、哌啶盐、1,2-乙二胺盐、乙醇胺盐、二乙醇胺盐、三乙醇胺盐、三(羟基甲基氨基)乙烷盐、单甲基-单乙醇胺盐、普鲁卡因盐和咖啡因盐)、碱性氨基酸盐(例如精氨酸盐和赖氨酸盐)、四烷基铵盐等等。这些盐可以通过常规的方法来制备,例如从相应的酸和碱或者盐交换来制备。
醚的实例包括烷基醚,例如低级烷基醚例如甲基醚、乙基醚、丙基醚、异丙基醚、丁基醚、异丁基醚、叔丁基醚、戊基醚和1-环丙基乙基醚;和中级或者高级烷基醚例如辛基醚、二乙基己基醚、月桂基醚和十六烷基醚;不饱和的醚例如油基醚和亚油精基醚;低级链烯基醚例如乙烯基醚、烯丙基醚;低级炔基醚例如乙炔醚和丙炔醚;羟基(低级)烷基醚例如羟乙基醚和羟异丙基醚;低级烷氧基(低级)烷基醚例如甲氧基甲基醚和1-甲氧基乙基醚;任选取代的芳基醚例如苯基醚、甲苯磺酰基醚、叔丁基苯基醚、水杨基醚、3,4-二甲氧基苯基醚和苯甲酰氨苯基醚;和芳基(低级)烷基醚例如苄基醚、三苯甲基醚和二苯甲基醚。
酯的实例包括脂肪族酯,例如低级烷基酯例如甲基酯、乙基酯、丙基酯、异丙基酯、丁基酯、异丁基酯、叔丁基酯、戊基酯和1-环丙基乙基酯;低级链烯基酯例如乙烯基酯和烯丙基酯;低级炔基酯例如乙炔酯和丙炔酯;羟基(低级)烷基酯例如羟乙基酯;低级烷氧基(低级)烷基酯例如甲氧基甲基酯和1-甲氧基乙基酯;和任选取代的芳基酯例如诸如苯基酯、甲苯基酯、叔丁基苯基酯、水杨酸酯、3,4-二甲氧基苯基酯和苯甲酰氨苯基酯;和芳基(低级)烷基酯例如苄基酯、三苯甲基酯和二苯甲基酯。
酰胺B表示式-CON R′R"代表的基团,其中每个R′和R"是氢原子、低级烷基、芳基、烷基-或者芳基-磺酰基、低级链烯基和低级炔基,并包括例如低级烷基酰胺例如甲酰胺、乙酰胺、二甲酰胺和二乙酰胺;芳基酰胺例如苯胺和N-某酰基甲苯胺;和烷基-或者芳基-磺酰基酰胺例如甲基磺酰基酰胺、乙基磺酰基酰胺和甲苯基磺酰基酰胺。
优选的实施方案包含式(I)的双环化合物,其中A1和A2是氟原子,B是-COOH。
本发明的双环化合物以固态的双环形式而存在,但是当溶解于溶剂中时,部分的形成上述化合物的互变异构体。在不存在水时,式(I)代表的化合物主要以双环化合物的形式而存在。在水性介质中,据信在例如C-15位置的酮之间存在着氢键,由此阻止了双环的形成。此外,据信在C-16位置的卤素原子促进了双环的形成。如下所示,在C-11位置的羟基和C-15位置的酮部分之间的互变异构现象在所述的化合物具有13,14单键和在C-16位置具有两个氟原子的情况下特别显著。
根据本发明,所述的式(I)化合物的“互变异构体”(例如在C-15位置具有酮基团和在C-16位置具有卤素原子的单环互变异构体)也可以用于所述的治疗。
一种优选的本发明化合物在其单环形式时依照常规的前列腺素命名法可以被称作13,14-二氢-15-酮-16,16-二氟-18(S)-甲基-PGE1。
用于本发明中的化合物可以通过在US No5739161中所述的方法来制备(所引用的文献在此引入作为参考)。
根据本发明,哺乳动物受治疗者可以根据本发明通过给予本发明中所用的化合物来治疗。受治疗者可以是任何的哺乳动物受治疗者,包括人。所述的化合物可以全身或局部施用。通常,所述的化合物可以通过口服、鼻内使用、吸入使用、静脉注射(包括灌输)、皮下注射、内直肠投药、经皮给药(transdermal)等等而给药。
剂量可以根据动物的品系、年龄、体重、待治疗的症状、期望的疗效、给药途径、治疗期间等等而变化。一种令人满意的效果可以通过每日1-4次的全身或局部给药,或者以0.00001-500μg/kg/天的量,优选0.0001-100μg/kg,更优选0.001-10μg/kg的量连续给药来获得。
所述的化合物可以优选配制成适于以常规方式给药的药物组合物。该组合物可以是适于口服、鼻内使用、吸入使用、注射或者灌注的那些,并且它可以是外用药剂、栓剂或者药栓(pessary)。
本发明的组合物可以进一步含有生理学上可接受的添加剂。所述的添加剂可以包括与本发明的化合物一起使用的成分例如赋形剂、稀释液、填料、溶剂、润滑剂、辅助剂、粘合剂、粉碎剂、包覆剂、胶囊化剂、药膏基质、栓剂基质、aerozoling agent、乳化剂、分散剂、悬浮剂、增稠剂、张度剂(tonicity agent)、缓冲剂、润肤剂、防腐剂、抗氧化剂、矫正药、香料、色料、功能原料例如环糊精和生物可降解的聚合物、稳定剂。添加剂是本领域公知的并可以选自通常在制药学参考书中所述的那些。
上述化合物在本发明的组合物中的量可以根据该组合物的配方而变化,并且通常可以是0.000001-10.0%,更优选0.00001-5.0%,最优选0.0001-1%。
用于口服的固体组合物的实例包括药片、片剂、舌下药片、胶囊、药丸、粉末、颗粒等等。该固体组合物可以通过将一种或者多种活性成分和至少一种非活性稀释液相混合来制备。该组合物可以进一步含有除了非活性稀释液之外的添加剂,例如润滑剂,粉碎剂和稳定剂。如果需要,药片和药丸可以用肠膜或者胃肠膜来包覆。它们可以用两个或多个层来包覆。它们还可以被吸附到相同的释放材料,或者被微胶囊化。另外,该组合物可以用易于降解的材料例如凝胶来胶囊化。它们可以进一步溶解于适当的溶剂例如脂肪酸或它的单、二或者三甘油酯中来成为软胶囊。舌下药片可以用于需要快速作用性能的场所。
用于口服、鼻内使用或吸入给药的液体组合物的实例包括乳液、溶液、悬浮液、糖浆和酏剂等等。所述的组合物可以进一步包含常规使用的非活性稀释液例如净化水或乙醇。组合物可以含有除了该非活性稀释液之外的添加剂例如辅助剂例如湿润剂和悬浮剂、增甜剂、香料、香味剂和防腐剂。
本发明的组合物可以是喷雾组合物的形式,其含有一种或多种活性成分并可以根据已知的方法来制备。
鼻内制剂的实例可以是水性或油性的溶液、悬浮液或者乳液,其含有一种或多种活性成分。对于通过吸入的活性成分的给药,本发明的组合物可以处于悬浮液、溶液或者乳液的形式,其可以提供气溶胶或者处于适于干粉吸入的粉末形式。吸入给药的组合物可以进一步包含常规使用的推进剂。
本发明用于肠胃外投药的可注射组合物的实例包括消过毒的水性或者非水性溶液、悬浮液和乳液。用于水性溶液或者悬浮液的稀释液可以包括例如注射用蒸馏水、生理盐水和林格氏溶液。
用于溶液和悬浮液的非水性稀释液可以包括,例如丙二醇,聚乙二醇,植物油如橄榄油,醇类如乙醇和多乙氧基醚。所述的组合物可以进一步包含添加剂例如防腐剂、湿润剂、乳化剂、分散剂等等。它们可以使用过滤,通过例如细菌保留过滤器、用消毒剂混合、或者通过气体或者放射同位素辐射消毒来进行灭菌。可注射的组合物还可以作为灭菌过的粉末组合物来提供,用以在使用前溶解在注射用的灭过菌的溶剂中。
本发明另外一种形式是栓剂或药栓,其可以通过将活性成分混入到常规的基质例如在体温时软化的可可油脂中来制备,并且可以使用具有合适的软化温度的非离子表面活性剂来提高可吸收性。
此处使用的术语“治疗”或者“进行治疗”包括任何方式的处理例如预防、护理、状况缓解、状况衰减和发展限制。
上述的术语“慢性阻塞性肺疾病”或者“COPD”包括特征在于不能完全可逆的气流受限的疾病状态。COPD是一种广义的术语,经常用于描述两种确定的气道疾病的情形:慢性支气管炎和肺气肿。因此,本发明的化合物对于包括慢性支气管炎和肺气肿的COPD的治疗是有用的。
COPD经常与症状加剧相联系,并且许多加剧是由于支气管树的传染或者空气污染的增加而引起的。根据本发明,还提供了使用本发明的药物组合物来治疗基于或者伴随着COPD的传染的治疗。
本发明的药物组合物可以包含一种或多种式(I)的化合物,并可以进一步包含一种或多种除了式(I)化合物之外的药学活性成分,只要它们与本发明的目的不矛盾就行。
本发明进一步详细的描述将参考试验实施例来进行,但是,其目的并非限制本发明。
实施例1
(方法)
使用抽烟系统(INH06-CIG01A,M.I.P.S.Inc.)将豚鼠曝露于香烟烟雾中。将每个动物放置于曝露支座上,并将该支座安装到暴露室内。每周5天从烟雾发生器中抽取30个香烟/天的香烟烟雾(,JapanTobacco inc.)到暴露室中,持续25天(1到25天)。在假曝露组中,将大气引入到暴露室来代替香烟烟雾。
使用加压喷雾器(LC Plus Nebulizer,Pari GmbH)将化合物A(13,14-二氢-15-酮-16,16-二氟-18(S)-甲基-PGE1)的水溶液蒸发,并在曝露于香烟烟雾1小时前,由所述的动物在吸入系统(SIS-A,Sibata ScientificTechnology Ltd.)的腔室中吸入30分钟。
有意识的动物特殊气道阻力(sRaw)是用呼吸功能测量系统(Pulmos-1,M.I.P.S Inc.)在第26日通过双流体积描记器技术来进行测量的。
在sRaw测量之后,将动物用克他命(60mg/kg)和甲苯噻嗪(8mg/kg)进行麻醉,并向气管中插入导管。使用肺功能测量系统(BiosystemManoeuvers,Buxco Electronics,Inc.)测量肺功能。测量的参数由余气量(RV)和100兆秒的强力呼气容积(FEV100)组成。
在肺功能测量之后,将所述的动物在麻醉下放血而牺牲,并打开胸膛。将5毫升的盐水通过气管套管灌输到肺中,轻轻吸取回收灌洗液。重复该程序并合并所回收的灌洗液(总共10mL,支气管气泡灌洗液,BALF)。计算BALF中的巨噬细胞(单核细胞)的数量。
(结果)
如表1所示,与假曝露组相比,对照组的特殊气道阻力(sRaw)由于香烟烟雾曝露而增加了。与对照组相比,化合物A显著的阻止了由于香烟烟雾曝露而引起的sRaw的增加。
如表2所示,与假曝露组的那些相比,通过香烟烟雾曝露,对照组的余气量(RV)增加了,而100兆秒的强力呼气容积(FEV100)降低了。与对照组相比,化合物A显著的阻止了由于香烟烟雾曝露而引起的这些变化。
如表3所示,与假曝露组相比,在支气管气泡灌洗液中的巨噬细胞(单核细胞)的数量由于香烟烟雾曝露而增加了。与对照组相比,化合物A显著的阻止了由于香烟烟雾曝露而引起的巨噬细胞(单核细胞)数量的增加。
表1 化合物A对于香烟烟雾曝露豚鼠的特殊力道阻力(sRaw)的影响
组 | 浓度μg/mL | n | 特殊力道阻力(sRaw)平均值±S.D.,cmH2O·sec |
假曝露 | 0 | 8 | 1.131±0.149 |
对照(媒介物) | 0 | 8 | 2.154±0.365## |
化合物A | 1 | 7 | 1.417±0.226** |
化合物A | 10 | 7 | 1.383±0.241** |
##p<0.01与假曝露组明显不同
**p<0.01与对照组明显不同
表2 化合物A对于香烟烟雾曝露豚鼠的余气量(RV)和100兆秒的强力呼气容积(FEV100)的影响
组 | 浓度μg/mL | n | RV平均值±S.D.,mL | FEV100平均值±S.D.,mL |
假曝露 | 0 | 8 | 2.75±1.45 | 9.87±1.17 |
对照(媒介物) | 0 | 8 | 5.44±1.43## | 5.75±3.29# |
化合物A | 1 | 7 | 3.45±1.07* | 10.38±1.08** |
#p<0.05,##p<0.01与假曝露组明显不同
*p<0.05,**p<0.01与对照组明显不同
表3 化合物A对于香烟烟雾曝露豚鼠的支气管气泡灌洗液中的巨噬细胞(单核细胞)的细胞数的影响
组 | 浓度μg/mL | n | 单核细胞/巨噬细胞平均值±S.D.,102细胞/μL |
假曝露 | 0 | 8 | 4.52±1.73 |
对照(媒介物) | 0 | 8 | 14.42±3.00## |
化合物A | 1 | 7 | 10.35±2.53* |
##p<0.01与假曝露组明显不同
*p<0.05与对照组明显不同
这些结果表明化合物A对于治疗COPD是有益的。
实施例2
(方法)
将8个香烟的烟雾缓慢的抽取通过100ml的无培养介质的血清,并将所形成的悬浮液通过0.20μm过滤器进行过滤。该溶液被视为100%香烟烟雾萃取物(CSE)。将人类肺气泡II型细胞(A549)在96孔板中以1.5x 105个细胞/孔的最终浓度培养48hr。然后将细胞分别用100nM化合物A或者1%、2.5%和5%CSE进行处理。在其它组中,将100nM化合物A和1%、2.5%或者5%CSE一起加入。全部的培养是在37℃下进行24hr。24hr处理之后,将该细胞用0-4℃ PBS清洗三次。迁移到细胞溶质中细胞色素c的测量(一种细胞损伤的标记)是根据用于细胞色素cELISA测试的工具所提供的说明来进行的。
(结果)
1.0%-5%范围的CSE产生了在24小时处理之后所测量的与剂量相关的细胞色素c从线粒体释放到细胞(迁移)的细胞溶质的增加。如图1所示,与没有0.1% DMSO的对照相比,在1%CSE没有明显的细胞色素c迁移的增加,但是该迁移对于2.5%和5%CSE(分别为P<0.01和P<0.005)很明显。当比较用于1%、2.5%和5%CSE(分别为NS,P<0.01,和P<0.05)的0.1%DMSO对照时,可以看到类似的结果。与在1%、2.5%和5%CSE(分别为P<0.05,P<002和P<0.005)DMSO对照相比较,化合物A显著的降低了细胞色素c迁移。该结果证明了化合物A对于气泡细胞的保护作用。
这些结果表明化合物A对于治疗COPD是有益的。
虽然已经详细的并参考其具体的实施方案对本发明进行了描述,但是对本领域技术人员来说很显然可以在其中进行不同的变化和改变,而不脱离本发明的主旨和范围。
Claims (9)
2.权利要求1所述的用途,其中A1和A2是氟原子。
3.权利要求2所述的用途,其中B是-COOH。
5.权利要求4所述的方法,其中A1和A2是氟原子。
6.权利要求5所述的方法,其中B是-COOH。
8.权利要求7所述的组合物,其中A1和A2是氟原子。
9.权利要求8所述的组合物,其中B是-COOH。
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