CN101384746A - 对金属带进行热浸镀的方法和装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
发明涉及一种对金属带(1)，尤其是钢带进行热浸镀的方法，在此方法中使金属带(1)经过一个炉子(2)和一个在金属带(1)的输送方向(F)上紧接着的滚子腔(3)，通过容器(5)底部的一个孔(6)输送给一个盛放着熔化的镀层金属(4)的容器(5)，其中在容器(5)的底部产生有一个电磁场用于阻挡住容器(5)里的镀层金属(4)。为了尤其是在热浸镀设备的功率下降时保证更有利的运行条件，按照发明的建议：在滚子腔(3)里在至少二个相互分隔开的腔室(7，9)里保持不同的气体气氛。此外发明还涉及一种用于热浸镀的装置。
Description
发明涉及一种对金属带，尤其是钢带进行热浸镀(Schmelztauchbeschichtung)的方法，在此方法中使金属带经过一个炉子和一个在金属带输送方向上紧接着的滚子腔，通过容器底部的孔输送给一个盛放着熔化的镀层金属的容器，其中在容器底部产生有一个电磁场用于使镀层金属保持在容器里。此外发明还涉及一种用于热浸镀的装置。
传统的用于金属带的金属浸镀设备，正如例如在EP 0172681 B1中公开了的那样，具有一个维护费事的部件，也就是涂覆容器，里面带有装备。所要涂覆的金属带表面必须在涂覆之前将氧化物残留物清洗掉并且为了与镀层金属相结合必须进行活化。因此在热过程中进行镀层之前要使带表示在一个降低的气氛中进行处理。因为氧化层在之前通过化学或磨蚀的方法去除了，因此随着热过程的降低使表面激活，从而使它们在热过程之后为纯金属的。
但随着钢带表面的激活使钢带表面对周围空气氧的亲合力也增强。为了阻止：空气氧在镀层过程之前又能到达钢带表面上，使钢带在一个浸入式进风弯管里从上面进入到浸镀槽里。因为镀层金层成流体状而且人们想利用重力与排气装置一起来调整镀层厚度，然而以后的过程不允许接触钢带，一直到镀层金属完全凝固，因此必须使钢带在涂覆容器换向到垂直方向上。这用一个滚子来进行，这滚子在流体金属里转动。由于这流体镀层金属使这滚子受到强烈磨损，这就是生产运行中停机和故障的原因。
为了阻止准备用于热浸镀的金属带发生氧化，在所述的传动方法中规定了：钢带经过刷密封进入炉子里并通过浸入到涂覆容器里而离开炉子。炉子弯管为了相对于空气氧气实现密封同样也浸入到流体金属里。
为了在用所述的传统工艺进行热浸镀时用换向滚来避免或者抑制锌的蒸发，在WO 2004/003250 A1中建议：在金属带之上有一种气体或气体混合物作为分隔气体，其导热性差并具有以下性能：降低或者抑制在金属带表示之上的气体或者气体混合物的涡流。
为了避免这些与在液态镀层金属里转动的滚子相关联的问题，也已知有些解决办法，在这些办法中采用了一种向下敞开的涂覆容器用于使钢带向上垂直地通过，其中为了保证密封使用了一种电磁闭锁。这里是指电磁感应器，它们用向后推压的，泵送的或者断面收缩的电磁交变场或者移动场来工作，这些场使涂覆容器向下密封住。一种这样的解决办法EP 0673444 B1，WO 96/03533或者JP 5086446中作过说明。
在这种也已知称为CVGL(连续立式镀锌生产线)的工艺中设备基本上由三个主要部件组成，也就是由涂覆容器、电磁密封装置和带有使钢带转向至垂直的装置的滚子腔组成。滚子腔使从加热炉里出来的热钢带换向至垂直并使之继续垂直地引到连接通道和涂覆容器。涂覆容器与炉子通过一个通道部位和滚子腔相连。
一种这样的解决方案由EP 0630421B1得知。
在炉子里进行的加热过程中对于机械性能和用液体金属涂层的表面条件进行调整。取决于所希望的材料性能使钢带在保护气体气氛中加热并随后升到涂覆温度，这个温度在镀锌时在500℃之上。应用了保护气体气氛，这气氛主要由氮和氢组成。
关于使用气氛的详细情况可以参见JP 06145937A和JP03056654A。
在热轧带热浸精制时就不需要加热退火处理了。钢带取决于镀覆介质而直接被加热到镀覆温度从460℃至700℃。
若有较大量的氧气在炉子里，那么经退火的并在涂覆过程之前为热的钢带的表面就会氧化并且不发生或者说只是有限制地使流体金属附带在钢带上。这种附着问题降低了镀层钢带的质量。
在所述的CVGL-法中由于系统的限制不可能通过使炉子进风弯管(Ofenrüssd)浸入金属里来使保护气体气氛相对于周围环境实现密封，因为在开始进行涂层过程之前炉子部位通过滚子腔和涂层容器都是敞开的。在注入液态金属和开始涂层过程之后则通过介质使这个部位密封住。
在开始涂覆过程之前根据起始条件对炉子气氛进行调整设定。此时特别要注意到炉内的小的氧含量。这通过用氮气吹洗炉子来实现。
尽管在运行开始之前在CVGL-工艺方法中通过涂覆容器底部的孔使炉子打开了，但加热炉的保护气气氛整体上不允许受到进入的空气氧气的影响。
在CVGL-法运行期间，也就是说在密封状态下，在按照现在技术的解决办法中在滚子腔里到处为炉子气氛。这种气氛根据过程的设定的不同由氮和氢(浓度等于或大于5％(体积))组成。
因此尤其在设备功率降低时或者在有故障时就存在有缺点。也就是说空气氧气通过打开的通道部位进入滚子腔里，这由于氢的成份相对较高而存在问题。
因而发明的任务是提出一种用于对金属带进行热浸镀的方法和一种用于对金属带进行热浸镀的相应装置，用这方法或者说用这装置就可以克服所述的缺点。也就是说应该确保：即使在过程中有不规则性时也不会在设备里产生不利的气体成分。
这种任务通过本发明的解决方案的特征在于：在滚子腔里在至少两个相互分隔的腔室里保持着不同的气体气氛，这些腔室被金属带通过。
尤其规定了：一个在金属带的输送方向上紧随的滚子腔中的一个腔室的气体气氛具有比滚子腔中一个在这腔室前面的腔室更小的氢气成份。
滚子腔中的在金属带的输送方向上的第一腔室优选具有一种气体气氛，其氢气成分为大于5％(体积)，尤其是大于7％(体积)。
而滚子腔中在金属带的输送方向上最后的腔室优选具有一种气体气氛，其氢气成分小于5％(体积)，尤其是小于3％(体积)。
优选规定了：在滚子腔的腔室中的气体气氛除了有氢之外基本上只是还具有氮，除不可避免的气体杂质和其余的不可避免的气体元素外。
为了能够实现一种尽可能稳定的运行，优先规定了：在滚子腔的腔室里的气体气氛在封闭的调节回路中保持住所希望的成份。
用于对金属带进行热浸镀的装置具有一个炉子和一个在金属带输送方向上紧接着的滚子腔以及一个容纳熔化的涂覆金属的容器，在容器的底部有一个开孔，金属带穿过这个孔被输送给容器，而且其中在容器的底部设有一个电磁感应器用于使涂覆金属保留在容器中。
按照本发明规定了：在滚子腔里设有至少一个分隔壁板，其使至少两个腔室相互分隔。
滚子腔的每个腔室优选具有至少一个气体输入装置，通过气体输入装置可以使规定种类的和/或成份的气体引入这腔室里。此外还可以规定：滚子腔中的每个腔室具有至少一个气体传感器，用此传感器可以得出腔室中气体的种类和/或成分和/或浓度。
另外还最好设有调节装置，用这些调节装置可以使得在至少其中一个腔室中，优先为在所有腔室中的气体的成分和/或浓度保持于所希望的值。
滚子腔优先设有一个陶瓷内衬，这有利于腔室保持干净。它优选地具有一个钢外壳。滚子腔然而同样也可以由钢制成，而没有内衬。
若设有装置，用它们可以使引入滚子腔中的一个腔室里的气体加热到所希望的温度，那也是有利的。
按照滚子腔的设计方案规定了：它具有一个断面基本为矩形的轮廓，其中在金属带输送方向上看的第一个腔室上连有一个用于金属带的导向通道。
替换地，滚子腔的一种设计方案规定：它具有一种断面基本为矩形的轮廓，它构成其中一个腔室，在其上接有第二腔室，它由用于金属带的导向通道构成。
用本发明的建议可以，尤其在非正常运行条件时，如在热浸镀设备功率降低或在有故障时，或在起动或下降(Herunterfahren)时保持更加有利的运行条件。
本发明因此提供一种方法和设计方案，用其提出一种用于使热浸镀设备以高的运行可靠性运行的重要贡献。
为了尤其是在功率下降时以及在有故障时并因此在涂覆金属从涂覆容器里流出时不使氢气与进入的空气氧混合，使涂覆容器的底部入口部位，也就是说直接在涂覆容器之下或者说在滚子腔的相应部位(滚子腔的最后腔室，在金属带的输送方向上看)以一种与其余的炉子部位不同的气氛的工作。氢气成分这里少于5％(体积)。
在附图中表示了本发明的实施例。所示为：
图1：一种热浸镀设备的侧视原理图；
图2：热浸镀设备的按照本发明的滚子腔的第一实施例的侧视图；
图3：热浸镀设备的按照发明的滚子腔的第二实施例的侧视图。
由图1可见一种热浸镀设备，它用所谓CVGL-法(连续立式镀锌生产线法)工作。在容器5里是熔化了的涂覆金属4。容器5在其底部有一个开孔6，通过开孔垂直向上穿过一个金属带1用于用涂覆金属4进行镀层。为了使流体状的涂覆金属并不向下通过开孔6流出，设有一个电磁感应器9，它以已知的方式使开孔6封闭。
要进行镀层的金属带1，在输送方向上看，首先到达一个炉子2，在炉子中，如上所述，被加热到必需的过程温度。炉子2通过一个连接法兰17连有一个滚子腔3，其任务是将预热的带1从进入滚子腔3的方向转向成垂直并准确地引入到容器5的开孔6里。为此设有两个滚子18和19，其中，如图3所示，一个也可能就够了。
如在图2和3中最好地可见到的那样，滚子腔3在实施例中由两个相互分隔开的腔室7和8组成，其中通过隔板10实现分隔。
按照图2的滚子腔3的横断面(在侧视图中)设计成矩形，其中两个腔室7，8基本为矩形的。在输送方向F上的第一腔室7处右面连有用于金属带1的导向通道16。在图3中可见，所述一个腔室7可也通过导向通道16构成。
重要的是设计两个腔室7，8，从而能够在它们里面保持不同的气体气氛。
为此在每个腔室里设有一个气体输入装置11或者12，通过这装置可以将气体或气体混合物输入到腔室7，8里。对气体来说可以是氮气N2或氢气H2或者一种由此组成的混合气。
在每个腔室7、8里的气体传感器13，14求出气体气氛的参数。例如可以用传感器13，14测出氢气H2的浓度。在实施例(见图2)中将这测量值传送给一个调节装置15。调节装置15使气体或混合气通过气体输入装置11，12输入，因此在腔室7，8里分别存在有所希望的气体成份或者说气体浓度。
特别值得追求的是：(在炉子2和)在第一个腔室7里氢的浓度超过5％(体积)，而这个值在第二个腔室8里是应该要低于此的。
气体气氛在滚子腔3里并与炉子2的分开地分隔也就是说通过不同的气体腔室来进行，这些气体腔室相互通过开孔连接用于使钢带通过，也就是说在滚子腔3里设有隔板10，隔板将滚子腔3分成至少两个气体腔室。
通过两个或多个保护气输入位置(每个气体腔室至少一个)，如前所述将不同浓度的氮和氢输入。
通过每个气体腔室的至少一个测量装置对气氛进行监测并在一个调节回路中使之调定到所希望的浓度。在气体部位里直接在涂覆容器5之下添加无氧气的氮气。在滚子腔里的气流在工作状态下对着炉子入口的方向。若是涂覆金属4从容器5里排出，那么通过所述的氮气闸门(Stickstoffschleuse)避免了富含氢气的炉子气氛流出。
滚子腔3里面作成陶瓷的。它由一个钢外壳组成，外壳具有陶瓷内衬，它构成了不同的气体腔室。输入的保护气被加热并以此用于保持滚子腔3的内部温度。
除了隔热作用(减少了向外的热传导)之外，对于故障情况和与之关联的液态金属侵入滚子腔3的风险来说设计内衬，使它对于液态金属，例如象锌或铝以及它们的合金来说是稳定的。
1 金属带
2 炉子
3 滚子腔
4 熔化的涂覆金属
5 容器
6 在容器底部的开孔
7 第一腔室
8 第二腔室
9 电磁感应器
10 隔板
11，12 气体输入装置
13，14 气体传感器
15 调节装置
16 导向通道
17 连接法兰
F 输送方向
H2 氢
N2 氮
Claims (15)
1.对金属带(1)，尤其是钢带进行热浸镀的方法，其中使金属带(1)经过炉子(2)和在金属带(1)的输送方向(F)上紧接着的滚子腔(3)通过在容器(5)底部的开孔(6)输送给容纳熔化了的涂覆金属(4)的容器(5)，其中在容器(5)的底部产生电磁场用于使涂覆金属(4)保持在容器(5)里，其特征在于，在滚子腔(3)里在至少两个相互分隔开的腔室(7，8)里保持有不同的气体气氛。
2.按权利要求1所述方法，其特征在于，滚子腔(3)的在金属带(1)输送方向(F)上跟在后面的腔室(8)的气体气氛具有比在这个腔室(8)前面的滚子腔(3)的腔室(7)更小的氢含量。
3.按权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，滚子腔(3)的在金属带(1)的输送方向(F)上第一腔室(7)的气体气氛的氢的体积含量超过5％。
4.按权利要求1至3中之一所述的方法，其特征在于，滚子腔(3)的在金属带(1)的输送方向(F)上最后的腔室(8)的气体气氛的氢体积含量低于5％。
5.按权利要求1至4中之一所述的方法，其特征在于，在滚子腔(3)的腔室(7，8)中的气体气氛除了氢之外基本上只含有氮。
6.按权利要求1或5中之一所述的方法，其特征在于，在滚子腔(3)的腔室(7，8)中的气体气氛在封闭的调节回路中被保持于所希望的成分。
7.用于对金属带(1)，尤其是钢带进行热浸镀的装置，其具有炉子(2)和在金属带(1)的输送方向(F)上紧接着的滚子腔(3)以及容纳熔化了的涂覆金属(4)的容器(5)，其中在容器(5)的底部有开孔(6)，通过该开孔使金属带(1)输送给容器(5)，而且其中在容器(5)的底部设有电磁感应器(9)用于使涂覆金属(4)保持在容器(5)里，该装置尤其是用于实施按权利要求1至6中之一所述的方法，其特征在于，在滚子腔(3)里设有至少一个隔板(10)，它至少使两个腔室(7，8)相互隔开。
8.按权利要求7所述的装置，其特征在于，滚子腔(3)的每个腔室(7，8)具有至少一个气体输入装置(11，12)，通过气体输入装置可以使规定种类的和/或成分的气体引入至腔室(7，8)里。
9.按权利要求7或8所述的装置，其特征在于，滚子腔(3)的每个腔室(7，8)具有至少一个气体传感器(13，14)，用此传感器可以得出腔室(7，8)里的气体的种类和/或成分和/或浓度。
10.按权利要求7至9中之一所述的装置，其特征在于，设有调节装置(15)，用调节装置可以使气体的成分和/或浓度在腔室(7，8)的至少一个里，优选在所有腔室(7，8)里保持于所希望的值。
11.按权利要求7至10中之一所述的装置，其特征在于，滚子腔(3)设置有陶瓷内衬。
12.按权利要求7至11中之一所述的装置，其特征在于，滚子腔(3)具有钢外壳。
13.按权利要求7至12中之一所述的装置，其特征在于，设有可以使导入在滚子腔(3)的腔室(7，8)里的气体加热到所希望的温度的装置。
14.按权利要求7至13中之一所述的装置，其特征在于，滚子腔(3)的断面基本为矩形轮廓，其中用于金属带(1)的导向通道接于在金属带(1)的输送方向(F)上看的第一腔室(7)上。
15.按权利要求7至13中之一所述的装置，其特征在于，滚子腔(3)的断面基本为矩形轮廓，它构成腔室之一(8)，接于此腔室上的是第二腔室(7)，该腔室由用于金属带(1)的导向通道(16)构成。
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| PCT/EP2006/006350 WO2007003357A1 (de) | 2005-07-01 | 2006-06-30 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur schmelztauchbeschichtung eines metallbandes |
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| US3914481A (en) * | 1973-03-01 | 1975-10-21 | Theodore Bostroem | Process of hot dip metallizing of metallic articles |
| JPS57177964A (en) * | 1981-04-28 | 1982-11-01 | Nippon Kokan Kk <Nkk> | One side hot dipping plating device |
| GB2108155B (en) * | 1981-09-11 | 1985-09-18 | Stein Heurtey | Process and device for gaseous atmosphere separation in plants for heat treatment under pressure |
| US4557953A (en) * | 1984-07-30 | 1985-12-10 | Armco Inc. | Process for controlling snout zinc vapor in a hot dip zinc based coating on a ferrous base metal strip |
| JPS61186464A (ja) * | 1985-02-15 | 1986-08-20 | Nippon Kokan Kk <Nkk> | ストリツプの片面・両面兼用溶融金属メツキラインにおける片面メツキ・両面メツキ切換方法 |
| JPS61190056A (ja) * | 1985-02-18 | 1986-08-23 | Nippon Steel Corp | 耐熱性と高温強度にすぐれた溶融アルミメツキＴｉ含有鋼板の製造法 |
| JPS6237361A (ja) * | 1985-08-09 | 1987-02-18 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | 溶融金属めつき法および装置 |
| JPH0356654A (ja) * | 1989-07-21 | 1991-03-12 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | 溶融アルミニウムめっきクロム含有鋼板の製造方法 |
| DE4208578A1 (de) * | 1992-03-13 | 1993-09-16 | Mannesmann Ag | Verfahren zum beschichten der oberflaeche von strangfoermigem gut |
| JPH06145937A (ja) * | 1992-11-11 | 1994-05-27 | Nisshin Steel Co Ltd | 酸化スケ−ル付着熱延鋼板の溶融亜鉛めっき方法 |
| JPH0953164A (ja) * | 1994-10-07 | 1997-02-25 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | 溶融金属のめっき方法及び装置 |
| JPH09118969A (ja) * | 1995-10-23 | 1997-05-06 | Nisshin Steel Co Ltd | 溶融めっき鋼帯の製造方法 |
| JPH1143755A (ja) * | 1997-07-23 | 1999-02-16 | Nisshin Steel Co Ltd | 溶融めっき金属の排出が容易な溶融めっき用空中ポット |
| JPH1143756A (ja) * | 1997-07-23 | 1999-02-16 | Nisshin Steel Co Ltd | 加工性，めっき密着性に優れた溶融めっき鋼帯の製造方法及び装置 |
| FR2782326B1 (fr) * | 1998-08-13 | 2000-09-15 | Air Liquide | Procede de galvanisation d'une bande metallique |
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| BE1015109A3 (fr) * | 2002-09-13 | 2004-10-05 | Drever Internat S A | Procede de traitemant thermique de bande metallique. |
| DE10343648A1 (de) * | 2003-06-27 | 2005-01-13 | Sms Demag Ag | Vorrichtung zur Schmelztauchbeschichtung eines Metallstranges und Verfahren zur Schmelztauchbeschichtung |
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| AU2006265394B2 (en) | 2009-10-29 |
| DE102005033288A1 (de) | 2007-01-04 |
| BRPI0609611A2 (pt) | 2010-04-20 |
| DE502006002323D1 (de) | 2009-01-22 |
| PL1838892T3 (pl) | 2009-05-29 |
| MX2007012579A (es) | 2007-12-10 |
| CN101384746B (zh) | 2011-07-06 |
| JP2008542539A (ja) | 2008-11-27 |
| KR100941626B1 (ko) | 2010-02-11 |
| WO2007003357A1 (de) | 2007-01-11 |
| MY141758A (en) | 2010-06-30 |
| TW200702489A (en) | 2007-01-16 |
| ATE417138T1 (de) | 2008-12-15 |
| RU2358033C1 (ru) | 2009-06-10 |
| JP4733179B2 (ja) | 2011-07-27 |
| EP1838892A1 (de) | 2007-10-03 |
| KR20070102601A (ko) | 2007-10-18 |
| EP1838892B1 (de) | 2008-12-10 |
| AU2006265394A1 (en) | 2007-01-11 |
| ES2316081T3 (es) | 2009-04-01 |
| RU2007136479A (ru) | 2009-04-10 |
| US20080145569A1 (en) | 2008-06-19 |
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